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Establishment of Design Streamflow Hydrograph in the Rompin River Basin

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Establishment of Design Streamflow Hydrograph in the Rompin River Basin ESTABLISHMENT OF DESIGN STREAMFLOW HYDROGRAPH IN THE ROMPIN RIVER BASIN NURAINI BINTI MAHALI B. ENG (HONS.) CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG STUDENT’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is based on my original work except for quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Malaysia Pahang or any other institutions. _______________________________ (Student’s Signature) Full Name : NURAINI BINTI MAHALI ID Number : AA15296 Date : ESTABLISHMENT OF DESIGN STREAMFLOW HYDROGRAPH IN THE ROMPIN RIVER BASIN NURAINI BINTI MAHALI Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the B. Eng (Hons.) in Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG MAY 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my great appreciation to my supervisor, Dr Jacqueline Isabella Anak Gisen for guiding me throughout the whole final year project. Her patience, encouragement and willingness to share her knowledge has helped me in completing the hydrologic modelling. I would also like to extend my thanks to Miss Syeda Maria for the constructive recommendations on this project. My grateful thanks are also extended to the Department of Irrigation and Drainage of Malaysia for providing the data necessary for the completion of the model. Finally, I wish to thank my parents for their support and encouragement throughout my study. ii ABSTRAK Lembangan Sungai Rompin salah satu kawasan daerah di Malaysia yang sering terjejas oleh banjir. Terdapat dua jenis banjir yang berlaku di Lembangan Sungai iaitu banjir monsun dan banjir kilat. Sejak masalah banjir dikenakan kesan yang tinggi terhadap ekonomi sosial dan kesejahteraan seperti korban dan harta benda yang rosak. Adalah penting untuk memahami proses hidrologi yang melibatkan lembangan sungai untuk seterusnya mengurangkan isu banjir. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mensimulasikan, menentukur dan mengesahkan modul hidrografi dan membangunkan Curian IDF dan merancang hujan untuk Sungai Rompin. Model hidrologi dalam kajian ini adalah model HEC-HMS. Data hidrologi yang dikumpul untuk 6 stesen hujan dan 2 stesen aliran sungai dari tahun 1990 hingga 2013 digunakan sebagai data masukan untuk proses pengesahan dan ramalan. Corak hujan yang direka untuk stesen-stesen terpilih ditentukan untuk Interval Gelombang Purata (ARI) selama 2 tahun, 5 tahun, 10 tahun, 50 tahun dan 100 tahun berdasarkan Curves Frequency-Frequency-Intensity (IDF) yang dibangunkan. Untuk pemodelan hidrologi, hidrograf Unit Clark dipilih sebagai kaedah transformasi larian hujan untuk kajian ini di mana parameter Tc dan R dianggarkan menurut Prosedur Hidrologi 27 yang dibangunkan oleh Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS) Malaysia. Nombor Curve SCS digunakan sebagai kekasaran permukaan, manakala untuk aliran asas dan aliran laluan, bulanan tetap digunakan. Melalui kajian ini, hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa model HEC-HMS dapat mensimulasikan aliran hidrograph sungai untuk Sungai Rompin semasa musim aliran tinggi. Ramalan pola aliran aliran masa depan untuk seluruh lembangan dibangunkan berdasarkan ARI yang ditetapkan. Hasil kajian ini adalah penting untuk dijadikan alat sokongan membuat keputusan untuk reka bentuk banjir tebatan. Selain itu, ia juga dapat memberikan jumlah air untuk kejadian hujan tertentu yang penting untuk operasi dan pengurusan di Sungai Rompin dan bekalan air banjir. iii ABSTRACT The Rompin River Basin one of the district area in Malaysia that often affected by flood. There are two types of floods occur in the River Basin namely the monsoon flood and flash flood. Since flood problems imposed high impact on the social economy and well- being such as casualties and properties damaged. It is important to understand the hydrological processes involved river basin to subsequently mitigate the flood issues. The purpose of this study are to simulate, calibrate and validate the hydrographical module and develop the IDF Curve and design rainfall for the Rompin River Basin. Hydrological model in this study was the HEC-HMS model. Hydrological data collected for 6 rainfall stations and 2 streamflow stations from 1990 to 2013 were used as the input data for verification and prediction processes. Designed rainfall patterns for the selected stations were determined for the Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) of 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 50 years and 100 years based on the developed Intensity-Duration Frequency (IDF) Curves. For the hydrological modelling, Clark Unit hydrograph was selected as the rainfall runoff transformation method for this study in which the parameters Tc and R were estimated according to the Hydrology Procedure 27 developed by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Malaysia. The SCS Curve Number is used as the surface roughness, while for the baseflow and lag routing, constant monthly is used. Through this study, the results show that the HEC-HMS model can sufficiently simulate streamflow hydrograph for Rompin River Basin during high flow season. Prediction of future streamflow patterns for the entire basin were developed based on the designated ARI. The outcome of this study are important to serve as decision-making supporting tool for the design of flood mitigation. Besides, it can also provide water volume for a certain rainfall event which is essential for the operational and management in Rompin River Basin water supply and flood control. iv TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION TITLE PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRAK iii ABSTRACT iv TABLE OF CONTENT v LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF SYMBOLS xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Objectives of Study 4 1.4 Scope of Study 4 1.5 Significance of Study 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 Hydrology 6 2.3 Hydrological Cycle 7 2.4 Hydrological Characteristics 8 v 2.4.1 Rainfall 8 2.4.2 Runoff 9 2.5 Rainfall-Runoff Relationship 9 2.6 Hydrograph 9 2.7 Hydrological Modelling 10 2.7.1 Basin Model: Hydrological Procedure (HP27) 10 2.7.2 Precipitation Model: Thiessen Polygon 11 2.7.3 Control Specifications 12 2.7.4 Loss Method: SCS Curve Number Method 12 2.8 Intensity-Duration Frequency (IDF) Curve 12 2.9 Design Rainfall 13 2.10 Relationship between hydrograph with IDF Curve and Design Rainfall 13 2.11 Advantage of HEC-HMS 14 2.12 Flood History 14 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 16 3.1 Introduction 16 3.2 Methodology Flowchart 16 3.3 Preliminary Study 18 3.3.1 Selection of Study Area 18 3.3.2 Site Visit 18 3.4 Hydrological Data Collection 19 3.4.1 Hydrological Data 19 3.4.2 Curve Number Grid Map 25 3.5 Hydrological Modelling 25 3.5.1 Hydrological Scheme 25 vi 3.5.2 Meteorological Model : Thiessen Polygon 27 3.5.3 Input Rainfall Data & Observed Streamflow Data 28 3.6 Calibration and Validation 28 3.7 Error Analysis 29 3.7.1 Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) 29 3.7.2 Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) 29 3.8 Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) Curve 30 3.9 Design Rainfall 30 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 31 4.1 Introduction 31 4.2 Hydrological Modelling Results 31 4.3 Calibration of Hydrological Model 32 4.4 Validation of Hydrological Model 34 4.5 Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) Curve 36 4.6 Design Rainfall 40 4.7 Model Efficiency 55 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 56 5.1 Introduction 56 5.2 Recommendation 57 REFERENCE 58 APPENDIX A AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL DATA 61 APPENDIX B RAINFALL AND STREAMFLOW DATA FOR HYDROLOGICAL MODEL 63 APPENDIX C HYDROLOGICAL MODEL PARAMETER 65 vii APPENDIX D MODEL EFFICIENCY DATA 68 APPENDIX E RAINFALL DATA FOR IDF CURVE 74 APPENDIX F RAINFALL TEMPORAL PATTERN DATA FOR DESIGN RAINFALL 80 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 : Flood Level in Rompin District (2007) Based on DID Report 2 Table 2.1 : Hydrologic element options available in HEC-HMS 10 Table 2.2 Record of Flood History Collected from DID (2013-2018) 15 Table 3.1 Rainfall stations 20 Table 3.2 Streamflow stations 20 Table 3.3 Summary of missing data 20 Table 3.4 Selected month for calibration and validation 21 Table 3.5 : Sub-Basin Data for HEC-HMS Model 26 Table 3.6 : Continous of Sub-basin Data for HEC-HMS 27 Table 3.7 : Method and Parameter used in HEC-HMS 27 Table 4.1 Calculation of Clark Unit Hydrograph coefficient 32 Table 4.2 Peak Discharge of Steamflow Hydrograph (Dec2000) 34 Table 4.3 Peak Discharge of Steamflow Hydrograph (Dec2010) 36 Table 4.4 Peak Discharge of Steamflow Hydrograph (Dec2012) 36 Table 4.5 Calibarated Parameter for IDF Curve of all rainfall stations 40 Table 4.6 : RMSE and NSE Result for Rompin River 55 Table 4.7 : RMSE and NSE Result for Keratong River 55 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 : Hydrological Cycle 8 Figure 3.1 Methodology flow chart 17 Figure 3.2 : Rompin River Basin 18 Figure 3.3 The irrigation ditch in the paddy scheme of RRB 19 Figure 3.4 Average monthly rainfall graph for station 2828173 Kg Gambir 21 Figure 3.5 Average monthly rainfall graph for station 28290001 Ulu Sg. Chanis 21 Figure 3.6 Average monthly rainfall graph for station 2831179 Kg. Kedaik 22 Figure 3.7 Average monthly rainfall graph for station 2834001 Per Endau Rompin 22 Figure 3.8 Average monthly rainfall graph for station 3028001 Sg. Kepasing 23 Figure 3.9 Average monthly rainfall graph for station 3030178 P. Batu Bukit Raidan 23 Figure 3.10 Average monthly rainfall graph for total rainfall of the year all 6 rainfall stations 24 Figure 3.11 Location of Rainfall and Streamflow Stations 24 Figure 3.12 Curve Number Grid Map 25 Figure 3.13 : Hydrological Scheme of RRB from HEC-HMS Model 26 Figure 3.14 Thiessen Polygon from ArcGIS 28 Figure 4.1 Calibartion Parameter 33 Figure 4.2 : Streamflow Hydrograph for Rompin River (Dec 2000) 33 Figure 4.3 : Streamflow Hydrograph for Keratong River (Dec 2000) 34 Figure 4.4 : Streamflow Hydrograph for Rompin River (Dec 2010) 35 Figure 4.5 : Streamflow Hydrograph for Keratong River (Dec 2010) 35 Figure 4.6 : Streamflow Hydrograph for Rompin River (Dec 2012) 35 Figure 4.7 : Streamflow Hydrograph for Keratong River (Dec 2012) 36 Figure 4.8 IDF Curve for Station 2828173 Kg Gambir 37 Figure 4.9 IDF Curve for Station 2829001 Ulu Sg.
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