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Herbs in Your Garden University of California Cooperative Extension Stanislaus County

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Herbs in Your Garden University of California Cooperative Extension Stanislaus County Herbs in Your Garden University of California Cooperative Extension Stanislaus County A Guide to the Use, Cultivation & Selection of Herbs Anne Schellman Horticulture Program Representative Herbs in Your Garden 2 The word “herb” is used to Perennial herbs like rosemary or to name a describe any plant that has bay live for several years, few. Lime fragrance, flavoring or depending on the life scents are medicinal value. It also expectancy for that particular found in lime includes plants used to make plant. basil, lime- dye or dried crafts. scented Herbs come in all shapes and geraniums and lime thyme. Many plants can be sizes. They can be small plants, Orange scents can be found in considered herbs. This vines, shrubs or trees. a scented geranium known as publication focuses on herbs Some herbs are evergreen, the “mosquito plant.” that can be grown in the Central Valley for culinary while others are deciduous. Chocolate & Mint use. Herbs that are evergreen stay An herb called chocolate mint green throughout the year by blends the two fragrances THE HERB GUIDE constantly shedding a small together. The last pages of this amount of leaves. Deciduous publication are a guide to herbs lose their leaves in the fall Licorice herbs available locally. These and remain bare in the winter. Anise basil and anise hyssop local herbs can thrive in are two good choices in this Stanislaus County if given HERBAL SCENTS category. Some people say proper care. There are many herbs with that fennel has a licorice fragrances similar to those of scent. Others enjoy angelica This guide is broken into fruit, flowers or food. Visit because it adds a pleasant, categories that contain local nurseries and garden licorice flavor to food. pertinent information for each centers to peruse their selection. herb. The category for Most carry a wide variety of Mint “Type” uses the letters A, B herbs with aromas sure to The two classic mints are and P which stand for annual, delight the senses. spearmint and peppermint. biennial and perennial. “Part Use caution when planting Used” mentions the herb part Almond mint in the garden, as it can needed for culinary, dye, Almond-scented geraniums easily take over an entire bed. medicinal or craft purposes. have a nutty aroma. Mint-scented geraniums The “Growing Tips” category Apple won’t take over your garden describes the growing Apple mint and apple-scented beds. This plant has very soft conditions needed for the geraniums provide apple leaves and an intense mint herb. fragrances in the garden. aroma. HERB TYPES Cinnamon Nutmeg Herb life cycles can be Cinnamon basil has a The nutmeg-scented geranium annual, biennial or perennial. surprisingly strong cinnamon is an unusual and fragrant Annual herbs such as basil scent. plant. last only one season and then die, although some annuals Citrus Pineapple (like dill) will reseed. Biennial Lemon scent comes in the Pineapple sage and pineapple herbs like parsley live for two forms of lemon verbena, lemon mint provide this fragrance. seasons, blooming and dying balm, lemon thyme, lemon basil during the second season. and lemon-scented geraniums, Herbs in Your Garden 3 Rose soil to reach the surface. try using small pruning shears. Not all roses are fragrant. This Seeds buried too deeply will is because fragrance can be not have enough resources to Step 3: place the root ball in lost in the rose-breeding grow and reach sunlight. the hole so the top is slightly process. Roses that are Follow planting depth above soil level. fragrant are mentioned in the instructions listed on the Fill in around the root ball with guide; note that fragrance packet. remaining soil. Lightly pack depends on the species name. New seedlings need constant the soil around the herb. There are also several types of rose-scented geraniums moisture to germinate and Step 4: water deeply. Use a available. develop. When a tiny garden hose or drip irrigation seedling emerges, it is very to keep plants well-watered. The best time to shop for delicate and will need herbs is in the spring. If the adequate water until it is Create a trough around the plant nursery or garden center does established. It may also need to hold water. Once the plant not have the particular plant protection from pests such as has been watered, it should sink you are looking for, they may snails and earwigs. so the top of the root ball is be able to special order it even with the soil. Make sure from a local grower. PLANTING not to cover the surface of the INSTRUCTIONS root ball with any garden soil. PLANTING HERBS Herbs can be found in 4” Keep the area around the plant Herbs can be planted from containers as well as 6-paks moist as dry soil around the root seed or purchased as small and 1-gallon cans. ball can wick away moisture. plants from a nursery or garden center. Our local Step 1: dig a hole twice as WATERING HERBS farmer’s market, located near wide as the container. Herbs should be watered deeply the Stanislaus County Library It is not necessary to add enough to wet the entire root (May-November) often has a fertilizer or amendment to the system. For deep-rooted fine selection of herbs. Herbs hole, as the soil has already perennials, such as rosemary, included in this publication been prepared. the soil may need to be wet to can be found locally as seeds 18 inches deep. For shallow- or living plants. Step 2: remove the plant from rooted annuals, the soil should its container carefully and be wet to 4-6 inches deep. Before planting herbs, amend examine the root ball. If the soil well. Add compost needed, prune the roots. Clay soils hold moisture the and till it into to the top 18” of longest. Its small particles hold soil in your garden. Most The term “root ball” refers to onto water as well as nutrients. herbs should be planted in full the area of roots inside the When irrigating these soils, sun, as they need to receive at container. Sometimes a plant ensure they dry out slightly least 6-8 hours of direct sun from a nursery or garden between watering. daily. center has lived in its container for a long period of Sandy soils have large particles When planting seeds, be time. If the plant has a large that allow water to flow easily careful not to bury them too number of roots, gently pull between them. Because of this, deeply. When a seed them apart. If the container plants in sandy soils will need germinates, tiny leaves has a lot of roots that are to be watered more often, attempt to push through the difficult to pull apart, especially during the summer. Herbs in Your Garden 4 HERBAL “GROUPINGS” encourage the plant to widen in When organizing your herb shape. garden or adding herbs into an existing planting, pay “Dead-heading” is a term used attention to watering needs. to signify the removal of spent Group plants that prefer flowers. To keep herbs similar climates together. blooming longer, dead-head them after the blooms have bag and leave them on a shelf For instance, Mediterranean died. for a month. herbs such as lavender, rosemary and sage all have DRYING HERBS STORING HERBS the same requirements. They Herbs should be harvested Fresh herbs can be stored as prefer to be kept on the dry before they flower for best sprigs in jars of water just side and need no additional flavor. Pick early in the before you use them. To store fertilizer. morning just after the dew has for a longer period, cover the dried. top of the herb loosely with Herbs that prefer to stay on Cut herbs and gather them into plastic wrap and place the jar the moist and shady side like in the refrigerator for storage angelica, coriander and bunches and tie them with string. Then hang the bunches of up to two weeks. horseradish can be planted in the same area. upside down and tie a paper bag For dried herbs, store in a over the bundle. Wait 2 weeks cool, dry place away from Keep plants that spread by for most herbs to dry. your oven. Glass containers underground rhizomes Herbs can also be dried in the work well for storage, but contained in pots. These keep them in cupboards as herbs include lemon balm, oven or microwave. Before placing herbs in the oven, sunlight fades both color and peppermint and spearmint. flavor. When needed, herbs spread them on a baking pan. Herbs that seed themselves Set the oven on the lowest can be ground with a mortar can become a nuisance, so setting and leave the oven door and pestle or coffee grinder plant them in places where open slightly. Stir occasionally. just before use. Dried herbs you can keep an eye on them The herbs are dry when leaves should not be kept for more and regularly prune seed can be crumbled with a finger. than 6-8 months. heads before they scatter. In the microwave, place 1 cup MAKING TEA Dill, fennel and borage will These directions were taken readily self-seed in your of herbs in a single layer between 2 paper towels. from Rodale’s Illustrated garden. Encyclopedia of Herbs. First, Microwave on high for 3 HERBAL minutes. If herbs aren’t boil water and use it to rinse “MAINTENANCE” completely dry, keep drying your teapot. When making To keep your herbs looking them in cycles of 20 seconds, tea with fresh herbs, add 2 their best, prune for shape.
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