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Investigation Into the Use of Motorcycle Three-Wheelers (Qingqis) As a Mode of Public Transport in Punjab Province

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Investigation Into the Use of Motorcycle Three-Wheelers (Qingqis) As a Mode of Public Transport in Punjab Province Investigation into the use of motorcycle three-wheelers (Qingqis) as a mode of public transport in Punjab Province Final Report Paul Starkey, Zahara Batool, Muhammad Waqas Younis, James Reeves, Madalena Páscoa, Atteq Ur Rehman and Muhammad Sarmad Ali IMC Worldwide PAK2156A March 2020 Preferred citation: Starkey P., Batool Z., Younis M. W., Reeves J, Páscoa, M., Rehman A. U. and Ali M. S. IMC Worldwide (2020). Investigation into the use of Qingqis as a mode of public transport in Punjab Province: Final Report. ReCAP PAK2156A. London: ReCAP for DFID. For further information, please contact: IMC Worldwide Ltd: 64-68 London Road, Redhill, Surrey, RH1 1LG, United KinGdom Attn: Francis DanGare, Principal Consultant, Highways & Transportation, [email protected] ReCAP Project ManaGement Unit Cardno Emerging Market (UK) Ltd Level 5, Clarendon Business Centre 42 Upper Berkeley Street, Marylebone London W1H 5PW United Kingdom The views in this document are those of the authors and they do not necessarily reflect the views of the Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) or Cardno EmerGinG Markets (UK) Ltd for whom the document was prepared Cover photo. Paul Starkey. Women boarding a motorcycle rickshaw in a village in Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan Quality assurance and review table Version Author(s) Reviewer(s) Date 1.1 Starkey P., Batool Z., Younis M. W., Mike HuGhes and Katie Macleod 6 August 2019 Humpish J, Rehman A. U. and Ali S. (IMC) 13 August 2019 Maysam Abedin (ReCAP PMU) 1.2 Starkey P., Batool Z., Younis M. W., Katie MacLeod (IMC Worldwide) 31 October 2019 Reeves J, Páscoa, M., Rehman A. U. and Maysam Abedin (ReCAP PMU) 21 November 2019 Ali S. Annabel Bradbury (ReCAP PMU) 5 December 2019 1.3 Starkey P., Batool Z., Younis M. W., Maysam Abedin (ReCAP PMU) 31 January 2020 Reeves J, Páscoa, M., Rehman A. U. and Ali S. 1.4 Starkey P., Batool Z., Younis M. W., Maysam Abedin (ReCAP PMU) 17 March 2020 Reeves J, Páscoa, M., Rehman A. U. and Ali S. ReCAP Database Details: Investigation into the use of motorcycle three-wheelers (Qingqis) as a mode of public transport in Punjab Province Reference No: PAK2156A Location Pakistan Source of Proposal NTRC Procurement Method Open tender Transport Services Public transport services operation and Theme Sub-Theme reGulation Lead Implementation IMC Worldwide N/A Partner OrGanisation OrGanisation Total Approved Budget GBP 140,815.00 Total Used Budget GBP 136,040.36 Start Date 15 December 2018 End Date 31 January 2020 Report Due Date 31 October 2019 Date Received 17 March 2020 ii Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms, terminology, units and currencies ......................................................................................................... viii Executive summary .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1 Background and research context ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Introduction to the research project on motorcycle rickshaws (‘Qingqis’) ........................................................... 2 1.2 Research objective and envisaged outcomes ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Project activities .................................................................................................................................................... 4 2 Three-wheelers anD their context in Pakistan .................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Global overview of three-wheelers ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Overview of three-wheelers in Pakistan ............................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Current legal and regulatory framework for three-wheelers in Pakistan ........................................................... 10 2.4 Prevailing norms in Pakistan relevant to this research ....................................................................................... 14 3 Survey results: current situation in rural Punjab .............................................................................................. 17 3.1 Rural survey sites in Punjab Province .................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Survey findings in Jhelum .................................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Survey findings in Kasur ....................................................................................................................................... 20 3.4 Survey findings in Lodhran .................................................................................................................................. 22 3.5 Passenger numbers from the traffic counts and gender implications ................................................................ 25 3.6 Perspectives of transport users ........................................................................................................................... 25 3.7 Perspectives of the operators ............................................................................................................................. 34 3.8 Perspectives of the formal manufacturers .......................................................................................................... 36 3.9 Perspectives of the informal manufacturers ....................................................................................................... 37 3.10 Perspectives of the regulatory and enforcement authorities ............................................................................. 38 3.11 Environmental perspective .................................................................................................................................. 39 4 Economic anD financial appraisal moDels ......................................................................................................... 41 4.1 Scenarios and options ......................................................................................................................................... 41 4.2 Key assumptions .................................................................................................................................................. 42 4.3 Economic appraisal framework ........................................................................................................................... 44 4.4 Derivation of key economic assumptions ............................................................................................................ 44 4.5 Financial appraisal ............................................................................................................................................... 50 4.6 Definitions of key financial assumptions ............................................................................................................. 51 4.7 Economic appraisal results .................................................................................................................................. 53 4.8 Financial appraisal results ................................................................................................................................... 53 4.9 Sensitivity tests .................................................................................................................................................... 55 4.10 Explanation of the results .................................................................................................................................... 56 4.11 Financial appraisal implications ........................................................................................................................... 56 5 Implications for policies anD strategies ............................................................................................................ 58 5.1 Key issues arising ................................................................................................................................................. 58 5.2 Possible actions and reactions ............................................................................................................................ 60 6 StakeholDer workshop .................................................................................................................................... 64 6.1 Objectives, logistics and presentations ............................................................................................................... 64 6.2 Group discussions ................................................................................................................................................ 64 7 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................... 67 7.1 Motorcycle rickshaws: highly beneficial and optimising but not perfect ............................................................ 67
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