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Interaction Entre Capital Humain Et Émigration : Le Cas Du Liban Mohamad Taghlobi

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Interaction Entre Capital Humain Et Émigration : Le Cas Du Liban Mohamad Taghlobi Interaction entre capital humain et émigration : le cas du Liban Mohamad Taghlobi To cite this version: Mohamad Taghlobi. Interaction entre capital humain et émigration : le cas du Liban. Economies et finances. Université du Maine, 2012. Français. NNT : 2012LEMA2003. tel-00753502 HAL Id: tel-00753502 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753502 Submitted on 19 Nov 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences Economiques Ecole Doctorale du Mans Université du Maine Directeur de thèse : Monsieur le Professeur François LANGOT Doctorant : Mohamad TAGHLOBI Interaction entre capital humain et émigration : le cas du Liban. Année universitaire 2011-2012 Interaction entre capital humain et émigration : le cas du Liban INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE.................................................................................................................... 3 - PARTIE I – .............................................................................................................................................. 7 I – CAPITAL HUMAIN : FONDEMENTS THÉORIQUES ........................................................................................ 7 1 –Les différentes formations .................................................................................................................... 9 a) – La formation scolaire....................................................................................................................................... 9 b) – La formation dans la production...................................................................................................................... 9 c) – Education supérieure...................................................................................................................................... 10 2 – Parents et éducation des enfants désirés........................................................................................... 13 3 – Financement de formation par crédit................................................................................................ 14 4 - Contrats de capital humain................................................................................................................ 20 LE PHÉNOMÈNE MIGRATOIRE ....................................................................................................................... 23 a) - Le sens de déplacement..................................................................................................................... 33 b) - La motivation principale................................................................................................................... 36 c) – les coûts migratoires......................................................................................................................... 36 LES EFFETS SUR LES ÉCONOMIES D’ORIGINE ET D’ACCUEIL.......................................................................... 38 I - Les effets de l’émigration sur les pays d’origine ................................................................................ 39 I – A Perte des coûts de formation............................................................................................................. 40 I – B Perte en matière de redistribution ................................................................................................... 46 I – C Réduction des opportunités de croissance....................................................................................... 48 I – D Gains dus aux transferts financiers.................................................................................................. 50 A – La grandeur des transferts.......................................................................................................................... 51 B – Problèmes de mesure des transferts ........................................................................................................... 53 C – Effets sur les pays d’origine....................................................................................................................... 54 I – E Retour au pays d’origine avec des connaissances accrues.............................................................. 55 II – Les effets de l’immigration sur les pays d’accueil............................................................................ 57 II – A Augmentation des opportunités de croissance ................................................................................ 59 II – B Risque de favoriser le chômage et réduire les salaires.................................................................... 60 1 - Effets de l’immigration à court terme.......................................................................................................... 64 A – La boucle prix-salaire............................................................................................................................ 64 B – Le modèle d’appariement ...................................................................................................................... 65 2 – Effets de l’immigration à long terme.......................................................................................................... 65 A – Marché de travail rigide ........................................................................................................................ 66 B – Marché de travail flexible...................................................................................................................... 66 II – C Coûts d’intégration............................................................................................................................ 67 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................................ 72 - PARTIE II - ................................................................................................................................................. 73 CAPITAL HUMAIN ET ÉMIGRATION AU SEIN DE L’ÉCONOMIE LIBANAISE....................................................... 73 I - ARGUMENTS CONSOLIDANT LE CHOIX DE L'APPROCHE COMBINÉE DU CAPITAL HUMAIN ET DE L'ÉMIGRATION .............................................................................................................................................. 74 II - FACTEURS DE FORMATION DU CAPITAL HUMAIN .................................................................................... 79 II - 1 Education................................................................................................................................ 83 II - 2 Santé........................................................................................................................................ 87 II - 3 Services.................................................................................................................................... 89 II - 4 Industrie.................................................................................................................................. 89 II - 5 Agriculture .............................................................................................................................. 92 III - FACTEURS SOUTENANT LE CHOIX DE L'ÉMIGRATION............................................................................. 97 III - 1 Aperçu historique sur l'émigration ........................................................................................ 99 III - 2 L'émigration due à la guerre reste la plus conséquente...................................................... 101 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................. 103 - PARTIE III -.............................................................................................................................................. 106 1 – FONCTION D’UTILITÉ............................................................................................................................ 109 2 – FONCTION DE PRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 111 3 – SITUATION DE CONCURRENCE PURE ET PARFAITE................................................................................. 112 Section A – Capital humain sans émigration ...................................................................................... 112 A1 – Equilibre concurrentiel............................................................................................................................... 113 Section B – Capital humain et émigration........................................................................................... 115 B1 –Pays P1..................................................................................................................................................... 115 1/157 Interaction entre capital humain et émigration : le cas du Liban B1 – I
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