Jella Lepman Und Der Aufbau Der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek in München

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Jella Lepman Und Der Aufbau Der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek in München Studienabschlussarbeiten Fakultät für Geschichts- und Kunstwissenschaften Weishäupl, Jutta: Jella Lepman und der Aufbau der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek in München Magisterarbeit, Wintersemester 2003 Gutachter: Brenner, Michael ; Geyer, Martin Fakultät für Geschichts- und Kunstwissenschaften Institut für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München https://doi.org/10.5282/ubm/epub.69941 Jella Lepman und der Aufbau der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek in München Hausarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magister Artium an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Fakultät für Geschichts- und Kunstwissenschaften Institut für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte eingereicht von Jutta Weishäupl aus München Referent: Prof. Dr. Michael Brenner Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Martin Geyer September 2003, überarbeitet im November 2019 Magisterarbeit für den Studiengang Neure und Neueste Geschichte der Fakultät für Geschichts- und Kunstwissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Institut für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte September 2003 Überarbeitet im November 2019 Referent: Prof. Dr. Michael Brenner Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Martin Geyer I INHALT Inhalt ……………………….…………………………………………………………… I Vorwort …………………………………………………………………….....…..…….. III 1 Einleitung .......................................................................................................... 1 2 Internationalisierung und Kulturaustausch – Jella Lepmans Ziele und die Möglichkeiten ihrer Verwirklichung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ........... 8 2.1 Die Entwicklung der Idee Internationale Verständigung durch Kinderbücher .................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Erfahrungen Jella Lepmans bis zur Emigration .............................................. 10 2.1.2 Das Leben in der Fremde – Der Wechsel der Perspektive ............................. 14 2.1.3 Rückkehr nach Deutschland ........................................................................... 20 2.2 Die Idee nimmt Formen an ............................................................................. 26 2.2.1 „Die Zukunft beginnt in den Kinderstuben von heute“ – Zur Konzeption der Re-education von Kindern und Jugendlichen ........................................... 26 2.2.1.1 Zum Problem der Re-education ...................................................................... 26 2.2.1.2 Die Anerkennung der Kinder als Opfer des Kriegs ........................................ 29 2.2.2 „Gebt uns Bücher, gebt uns Flügel“ – Kinderliteratur als Wegweiser in eine befriedete Welt ........................................................................................ 32 2.2.2.1 Das Buchwesen in Deutschland nach 1945 .................................................... 32 2.2.2.2 Die Konzeption der Internationalen Jugendbuchausstellung in München ..... 35 2.2.2.3 Eröffnung, Umfang und Rezeption der Ausstellung ...................................... 38 2.2.2.4 Besonderheiten des Ausstellungskonzepts ..................................................... 41 3 Institutionalisierte Toleranzvermittlung – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek ............................................................. 42 3.1 Die Gründung der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek in München ................. 42 3.1.1 Vorbilder und Vorläufer der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek ..................... 43 3.1.2 Die finanzielle Verwirklichung des Projekts Internationale Jugendbibliothek in München ......................................................................... 46 3.1.2.1 Das Interesse der amerikanischen Militärregierung und der Unesco an Jella Lepmans Plänen ..................................................................................... 46 3.1.2.2 Jella Lepman wirbt in den USA um Unterstützung ihrer Pläne ..................... 48 3.1.2.3 Der Wandel der amerikanischen Besatzungspolitik und dessen Auswirkungen auf das Projekt der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek ............ 50 3.1.2.4 Das Bibliotheksgebäude in der Kaulbachstraße 11a ...................................... 56 3.1.2.5 Die Gründung der "Vereinigung der Freunde der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek e.V." .................................................................................... 56 3.1.2.6 Die Förderung durch die Rockefeller Foundation .......................................... 58 3.1.2.7 Die Integration der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek in das Münchner Kulturleben ..................................................................................................... 60 3.1.3 Die Internationale Jugendbibliothek – eine amerikanische oder eine deutsche Gründung? ....................................................................................... 61 3.2 Vorbild Amerika: Aufbau und Programm der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek ............................................................................................. 62 3.2.1 Die Freihandaufstellung in der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek .................. 64 II 3.2.2 Das Programm der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek .................................... 67 3.2.2.1 Das Bibliotheksprogramm für Kinder und Jugendliche ................................. 68 3.2.2.1.1 Die Arbeit mit dem Buch ................................................................................ 69 3.2.2.1.2 Künstlerische Aktivitäten in der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek ............... 71 3.2.2.1.3 Die Schulung jugendlicher Interessenvertretung ............................................ 73 3.2.2.2 Das Bibliotheksprogramm für Erwachsene .................................................... 76 3.2.2.2.1 Die Eltern als Adressaten der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek .................... 76 3.2.2.2.2 Das Angebot für Verleger und Bibliothekare ................................................. 77 3.2.2.2.3 Die Internationale Jugendbibliothek als Forschungszentrum ......................... 78 3.3 Internationalität der Leser – welche Kinder kamen in die Internationale Jugendbibliothek? ........................................................................................... 79 3.3.1 Alter, Herkunft und sozialer Status des durchschnittlichen Bibliotheksbesuchers ...................................................................................... 79 3.3.2 Minderheitengruppen in der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek ...................... 81 3.3.3 Wie sah die Internationale Jugendbibliothek ihre jungen Besucher? ............. 82 3.4 Die Vermittlung anderer Kulturen über das Medium Kinderbuch ................. 83 3.4.1 Die Frage der Ausgewogenheit der in der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek bereitgestellten Literatur .................................................... 84 3.4.1.1 Die Bereitschaft der Verleger zu Kooperation ............................................... 85 3.4.1.2 Tendenzen der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur nach 1945 .................................. 86 3.4.2 Die beliebtesten Bücher in der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek .................. 88 3.4.3 Jella Lepmans Beurteilung der zeitgenössischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur ................................................................................................ 89 3.5 Weltoffenheit versus Angst vor Indoktrination – wieviel Kontrolle braucht Toleranz? ........................................................................................... 91 3.5.1 Der Kampf gegen „Schmutz und Schund“ ..................................................... 92 3.5.2 Die Angst vor „Tendenzschrifttum“ ............................................................... 94 4 Die Internationalisierung der Zusammenarbeit im Bereich Kinder- und Jugendbuch ..................................................................................................... 97 4.1 Professionalisierung der Kooperation: Das Internationale Kuratorium für das Jugendbuch ......................................................................................... 98 4.2 Die Kinder- und Jugendbibliothek als internationales Forschungszentrum – die Entwicklung der Internationalen Jugendbibliothek nach dem Ende der Dienstzeit Jella Lepmans 1957 ...................................................... 101 5 Resümee ........................................................................................................ 108 6 Abkürzungen ................................................................................................. 118 7 Archivalische Quellen .................................................................................. 119 8 Bücher und Aufsätze ..................................................................................... 120 III Vorwort „Und dann werde ich ihnen von einer kleinen, kleinen Stadt erzählen, die weit, weit weg in einem anderen Erdteil liegt, und von den kleinen weißen Kindern, die dort wohnen. ‚Ihr glaubt nicht, was für nette Kinder dort wohnen‘, werde ich sagen. ‚Die sind am ganzen Körper weiß, außer an den Füßen. Sie können auf dem Tonkuckuck blasen, und – das Beste von allem – sie können Plutimikation.‘“1 Pippi Langstrumpf in „Astrid Lindgren: Pippi geht an Bord“, 1945, dt. 1950 Bücher wie Astrid Lindgrens „Pippi Langstrumpf“ führen Kindern die bunte Vielfalt des Lebens vor Augen und eröffnen ihnen neue unbekannte Welten. Dieses Potential von Kinderliteratur erkannte Jella Lepman, als sie sich kurz nach Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs dafür einsetzte, deutsche Kinder mit Kinderbüchern aus dem Ausland zu versorgen. Deutschland hatte Europa und die Welt in eine Katastrophe
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