Vol. 1 No. 3 AN OTTAWA WOMEN'S PUBLICATION December 2, 197 6

_MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS Candidates fuzzy on women's ·isslles Issues of particular interest to vealed a general ignorance of the Unlike other candidates who said perceived need to return to the Slater are most outstanding in women in the municipal election problems and concerns of women, the high cost of daycare is a pro­ basics in education, although cur- their activity on the OBE status of December 6 have come into focus who are, in a large part, directly hibitive, Nicol said in her interview riculum is not technically the women committee. through interviews with candid­ affected by policies on housing, vacancies iri daycare centres show. board's resP?nsibility. Other is: Ottawa women have a vested in­ ates for mayor and Board of transit, city planning and daycare many people do not want or need sues over 'Yh1c~ they do have con-' terest in ensuring the election of Control. and other social services. Of those them. trol are bemg ignored. · 1 h will h f f d · till · •t · fu d peop e w o pus or air an Almost all of the candidates ex­ running for mayor, Mike Sammon Patricia Nicol also supported the Th ere IS s an meqw y m n - pressed concern about the cost of showed the greatest understand­ attempt to dismiss unionized main­ ing girls' and boys' physical ed­ equitable programs in the areas of daycare. Those most neglected, ac­ ing of these issues and their impact tenance employees. ucation. An article in the last issue education, housing, daycare, pub­ cording Jo the candidates, are on women. Although Upstream was not able of Upstream revealed the lack of lic transit and social services. All of middle-income earners who can The lack of awareness came as no to interview the large number of women's studies courses, while these involve the municipality and neither afford the cost nor be eli­ real surprise since most of the city council candidates, it would another said the board's women school board. Those two levels of gible for government subsidies. candidates are men with adminis­ seem, reviewing the past two maintenanc~ employees still re­ government may not be as. exciting General support for continued trative and business backgrounds. years, the kind of policies and pro­ ceive shoddy treatment in the area as provincial and federal, but they funding of services such as Interval But that does not mean women grammes most beneficial to Ottawa of wages and fringe benefits. carry the responsibility for policies House, the Rape Crisis Centre and should automatically vote forwom­ women are going to come from the Of all the school board candid­ which affect the day-to-day lives of the Ottawa Women's Centre came en candidates. There are two for progressive_people like Dewar and ates, Gerry Trudel and Helen Ottawa.citizens. from most candidates. However, Board of Control: Marion Dewar Ralph Sutherland for controllers, ideas about what the Women's and Patricia Nicol. Both have ex­ and councillors Brian Bourns, r Centre should be ranged from pressed support for the need for Rolph Haseriack, Trip Kennedy What do the candidates think? complete ignorance to .Board of women to have an equal voice in and Joe Cassey. Control candidate Doug Payne's "it public affairs, however, a look at The people of Ottawa will also be p. 8-9 shouldn't be for the women's liber­ their actions in city government voting for Ottawa Board of Ed­ ation movement" to mayoral in­ shows Dewar has consistently sup­ ucation (OBE) and Separate School Apologies to Don Reid and Bill cumbent Lorry Greenberg's desire ported improved social services Board trustees December 6. to see a "people's centre". while Nicol has maintained a con­ Many school board candidates Foster In the interviews, candidates re- servative stand. have been · concentratinir on the 2/ Upatream CURRENTLY in Cuba), at 9:30 pm. Both will Thursday have English sub-titles and will be D:x!.2 shown at the National Library, 395 Pianist Janina Fialkowska will be Wellington St. Call 238-7865. the guest soloist and Franz-Paul The One-Parent Families Assoc· Decker the guest conductor with iation will hold its meeting at 8:00 the N.A.C. Orchestra at 8:30 pm pm in the Overbrook Community in the N.A.C. Opera. The pro­ Centre, 171 King George St. (at gramme will include works by Quill). For information call Dvorak, Chopin, and Schubert. 745-3745. D:x!. 2 and 3 Wednesday The Ottawa Film Council will present a public screening of doc­ D:x!.8 The Single Parents Association umentary films in the , Ottawa meets at 8:00 pin in the Westboro Public Library Auditorium, Laur- Community Centre, 411 Dover­ ier and Metcalfe, at 8:15 pm. court. For details call 829-1706. Admission is free. Lina Wertmuller's Swept Away, starring Mariangela Melato and D:x!. 2 and 3 Giancarlo Giannini, will be shown The Ottawa Film Council will at the Towne Cinema at 7:30 and present a public screening of doc­ 9:30 pm, 5 Beechwood Avenue. umentary films in: 'the Ottawa Public Library Auditorium, Laur­ Thursday ier and Metcalfe, at 8:15 pm. Admission is free. D:x!.9 The Ottawa Crippled Children's Parents Association will meet at Thursda 8:00 pm ~at the Ottawa Public D:x!. 7 y Library, Laurier and Metcalfe. onstration march to object to the The Women's Coalition-Coalition The Business and Professional judicial persecution of Dr. Henry The Ottawa Public Library is December Feminea is looking for volunteers Women's Club will hold its annual showing a feature film in its Morgenthaler. It will begin at 2:00 The University of Ottawa to help run the centre and its Christmas dinner and meeting at Auditorium at 8:00 pm, Laurier pm from the shopping centre, Les Women's Reaoarcea Co-operative, 6:30 pm, at Knox Presbyterian co-operative daycare unit. All in­ and Metcalfe. The title is to be Galleries de Hull, and will end at open from 10:00 am to 3:00 pm, terested call 684-3144. Church, Lisgar and Elgin St. Ad­ announced. Admission is free. For the Sacre Coeur Hospital at about Mondays to Fridays, welcomes all mission is $4.00. For more infor­ further'information call 236-0301. 4:00 pm. Similar demonstrations women to drop in and get ac­ The Women's Coalition-Coalitioll mation call 731-0700. will be held simultaneously in 5 quainted. The centre offers a FemmN will begin its book dis­ The Nation.al Film Theatre's Saturday other Quebec communities. For referral and information service as cussion groups in French and Women's Film Series continues details call 684-3144. well as providing a lending h1>rary. English, to be held 1 hour every 2 with the presentation of La It is located at 85 Hastey, the weeks. For exact starting date call ~~~i for Action and Infor. The Towne Cinema presents 684-8144. Femme de Jean (Jean's Wife), Hester Street by Joan Micklin University Centre, room 211 D. For more information call directed by Jannick Bellon, at 7:30 nation ,on Behalf of W°n;'ea [Re· Silver at 7:30 and 9:30 pm. 5 The Profeulonal Women's Club of pm, followeJ by Aviva Slesim's seau d Action d'Information pour · Beechwood Avenue. 231-6853. Ontario has recognized tbe need Buenos Dia.a ComJ')(l716roS (Women IN Femmes] is organizing a dem- for an Ontario Wemen'• Re111uree ======~ Ceatre to serve as an information referral bureau and'' cle&ririghouse for women's activities, working Eliminate Stereotyping closely with the. multipurpose centres for women elsewhere in the province. The Metropolitan BIBB• SPIC:I Toronto Central Library will be In The School System available in 1977 and would be the Now 2. locations ideal location for this centre.If you wish to help bring tbis about, Bronson at James 841 Bank Street write to Ontario Premier Bill Davis, the Minister of Culture and VOTE Recreation, and your Local M.P.P. in support of this project. You may • Bulk natural foods obtain standard forms to fill out and send from The Business and • fresh produce Professional Women's Club, • dairy produds IAN MACLENNAN - 741-1898. Ottawa West Tuesday - Saturday 10-6 Thursday 10-8 Dec. 6 232-63~8

Upstream is a fortnightly newspaper published ·by Feminist Publications of Ottawa. The staff is a collective with departmental co-ordinators. Upstream subscribes to Co-operative Press Associates [CPA], a national labor news service. We solicit readers' views and opinions. All correspondence should be addressed to Upstream., 227 LaUrier Avenue West, Suite 207, Ottawa KIP 5J7. Phone 232-0313.

Co-ordinator thls issue Photography Departmeat Staff this issue: Background information Patty Gibson Lis Allison Betsy Moore, Jan Clarke, for Canadian women Production and layout ·Graphics Department Alma Norman, Susan Pye, Carol Oksana Shewchenko Ana Guzewski Owen, Brenda Landry, Cindy Iv.es, Bitsy Bateman, Derek As seen from tke national capital News Department Distribution An editorial with backgrov:nd documents Amyot, Tricia Balmer, PatDaley · Marion Neiman $5.00for10 imaes Barb McMullen Arts Departmeat Business Manager Brigid Hayes Huguette Vrancken Charlotte McEwan 18 Third Avent£e, Ottawa, Ont. Dorothy Elias Community Calendar Sports Department Lucie Sawczenko Amy Chouinard A collection of editorials stemming from UN International Women's Features Co-ordinator Year conference in Mexico City - from past issues - $1.00 Susan Wisking Free Morgentaler, repeal laws Nation-wide petition begins

MONTREAL - The recently desperate woman will do anything The first involves the protection cedures. on the civil rights issue, but would formed, Montreal-based, Commit­ to try to riase funds, and failing ofMorgentaler's civil right to a fair While these points come under· rather die than support us on the tee for the Legal Defence of Henry that, will resort to back-street and speedy trial and the fact that the federal criminal code, the re­ abortion issue." Morgentaler has inaugurated what butchers or self-induced abortion," the repeated trials represent per­ sponsibility for administering A part of the committee's strat­ it hopes will be a nation-wide petit­ explained Willoughby. secution as opposed to prosecution. criminal justice is held by the pro­ egy h~ been the pressuring of ion in its attempts to free Morgen­ The legal battles the committee The other concern is for the vincial governments. Quebec's Solicitor General Fer­ taler and have the abortion law re­ is engaged in must be waged on. protection of the jury system The question of legal abortion nand Lalonde, the minister ultim­ pealed. several levels, according to Mittag. which, until the Morgentaler case, has implications at both the federal ately responsible for the manner in The petitioners have already The Morgentaler case is primarily meant that the decision of a jury is and provincial levels, said Mittag. which the criminal code is exer­ gathered about 2,000 signatures a provincial matter and encompas­ final and can only be appealed on While only the federal government cised. The committee recently in the Montreal area, and they hope ses two essential elements. the basis of improper trial pro- can amend the criminal code in staged a demonstration during a to gain the support of students, order to legalize abortion, it will be campaign speech in his home riding labour unions, church groups and up to the provincial governments of Marguerite Bourgeois. others across the country. to ensure that abortion services are Mittag explained: "We feel that readily available once this is done. public outcry has not been properly According to committee spokes­ directed in the past. A particular person Sally Mittag, the campaign ''There is no guarantee that after target has not been chosen to direct has relied "more on good luck than the law is repealed that services our energies against. H nothing good management so far, but we will be any better. The provincial comes about in terms of dropping are now trying to organize more government will have to step in and the charges against Morgentaler as formally." ensure that free abortion is a part a result of this election, then we The committee has also been of its health program." will stick to the tactic of pressuring raising money to pay Morgental­ According to Mittag this division the solicitor general". er's legal fees and has raised of issues leads to a rather odd Those people interested in sign­ $15,000 through a benefit dinner grouping of pro-Morgentaler for­ ing the petition can call the Ottawa and individual donations. ces: John Diefenbaker supports us Women's Centre at 233-2560. While the plight of Morgentaler is the main concern of the Commit­ tee at the moment, an emphasis is . also being placed upon the repeal of current abortion laws and on the establishment of proper birth con­ Gray demands .trol clinics. Patricia Willoughby, a spokes- person for. the Committee said the Quebec government's decision to tax changes set a date (December 13) for a fourth trial for Dr. Morgentaler seven) from the calculation of by Sandra Schofield LeGroulx has intensified the committee's lifetime earnings for benefit pur­ determination to raise funds for the The Federal Government could poses, she said. legal defence and to fight for free, and should alter its income tax "'Most women (like most men) safe ilbortio.ns for all women who policy to prohibit the tax deduct­ work because they have to, either -yf~t. ~he~'. : ible status of any "private" pen­ as sole support of their families or ' MW,DISCRIMil'lA~ sion plan which does not provide to ehlp supplement their hus­ ~110rlW8:Jcno"lt,~hat,the law diflcrim­ equal benefits for male and female bands' incomes. Fopr most women >inates against: poor women, rural employees, accordini; to Sharon ·who work, choice is not the isSue, ". ~:women∙ and young women. Often Gray, vice-president of*~~ Parlia­ she said. they are ·forced to go .to profit­ mentary Wives, Nov~~er ,,~5, For women fulfilling the dual making agencies who charge them 1976. roles of the ~r and the home, three -0r four hundred dollars. A ''There are.still private company there is little'time'for involvement pension plans across Canada which in the search of equality, she said. discriminate against women, "One thing is certain - they Questionnaire established which set earlier retirement dates won't be concerned about how for them, and which give them less many women are in high positions money at the end of their working in this country. It seems too careers, even though they have remote to them, though they contributed equally with men", might be happy with the symbol­ Anti-abortionists lobby MPS said Gray, the guest speaker at ism connected with it. for any other human being? this year's bookfair luncheon held "They have to be convinced that by Jane Mingay Toronto, is the political arm of the if women were in positions of pro-life or anti-abortion movement - Would you oppose any widen­ by the joint sisterhood committee OTTAWA - While anti-abort­ ing of the present abortion law? at the Ottawa Jewish Community importance, things would be in Canada. ionists waged a well-organized - Do you support the right of Centre. better for al of us," said Gray. lobby of MPs on November 18, Group literature says it has no "So really your job is to go hospitals and medical personnel to people who believe that women political or religious affiliation. Gray stated that the govern­ around talking to women's groups refuse to perform or assist at should have the f~om to choose The group's statement of con­ ment has come to some conclusion and convincing them that it means abortions? cerns says members feel abortion about Canada Pension Plan (CPP) something to have other women do whether or hot to have an abortion Would you vote according to is murder. "Abortion is the killing amendments which would provide these things. I think that all issues picketed. oli Parliament Hill. your conscience on any change in Marg l'urner, executive direct­ of a living human being who would recognition for "spouses working are everybody's issues," Gray the abortion law even if your party or of · tbe anti-abortion group, otherwise become a man or wo­ at home". One such amendment said. imposed party discipline? man ... ," it says. allows for the splitting of pension Parliament may one day have a Coalition for Life, said close to 300 - Are you opposed to federal It also says society condones credits earned by both spouses daycare centre so that women delegatei;i from across the country funding of agencies which counsel abortion rather than "reaching out during the marriage, in the event with young children could sit in kept 114 appointment with MPs, for abortion or provide abortion who were presented with a state­ a helping hand" to women who of marital breakdown. the House of Commons, according referral? ment of concerns and a question­ have unwanted children. The second proposal allows a to Gray. naire. "We are willing that they kill Coalition for Life plans to pub­ CPP contributor to deduct absent "So far there are many male Registration for Coalition for their children so long as they don't lish the results of the question- periods (resulting from leave to M.P.s with pre-school children and Life delcigates was at Christ bother us. It iS so much easier, naire. raise children under the age of not one woman." she said. Church Cathedral on Sparks after all, than providing the help Street. Outside there was no sign they need to have the child. We . of action, no poster identifying the don't want to be bothered with Help Re-elect organization meeting inside. day-care, maternal benefits, hous­ At 11:30 there were about 40 ing, illegitimacy, etc.," says the Brian Bourns people milling about··the church statement. hall, being briefed for their meet­ Pro-life people believe the word Alderin.an \Vellington \Vard ings with MPs and setting off two "health" should be removed from by two for the meetings. The Section 251 of the Criminal Code. Supported expansion of daycare programs average age 1Jf attending delegates In this way, they say, abortion •Supported city's Equal Opportunity Program was about 45 and there w11.5 a large could be performed only if certi­ Started city and community non-profit housing proportion of men. fied by a -Therapeutic Abortion Fought bus fare increase and service cuts Meanwhile, about a dozen pick- Committee if a woman's life is [unsuccessfully] ets, most members of the Can­ endangered by a pregnancy. Stopped demolition and promoted removation of adian Association for Repeal of the The statement containing these Centre town's older housing Abortion Laws (CARAL), were views as well. as a questionnaire carrying signs on Parliament Hill. was presented to the MPs visited. a progressive City Council They knew of the Coalition for Life Questions put to MPs were: lobby and wanted to have a small - Would y0u support the posi­ DOES make a difference! contingent there advertising their tion that the child conceived but Campaign Headquarters: 198 O'Connor, Apt. 2 237-0248 side of the abortion question. not yet born should be given the Coalition for Life, centred in same protection provided by law r 4/U,.._..

trouble is you ... Get some counselling and find out why you are so bitter and hostile ... Pace Landers, the trouble is not the woman but Swedes the powerlessness she feels in her own relationship with her husband women and her resulting feeling of lack of control over her own life. retire For women who are feeling this way now, we can't turn back the clock. What we can do is offer a list of Ottawa resource groups which Helping can help us to feel OK about wanting, asking for, and getting some gradually power in our family situations. So that the next time "hubby" gets a promotion/transfer, we won't feel this way again. STOCKHOLM (CPA) - A pi­ ioneering pension scheme which 1. ~wa Wom~n's Centre, 821 Somerset St. West (233-2560) offers allows employees to gradually re­ women __ specialized consciousness-raising groups for women who've just moved tire from full-time work with little to town following their husbands' jobs. Be prepared to commit yourself loss of earning went into effect this by Roaemary Billings to 2 hours a week for at least three months. year in Sweden. The moving company's advertisement in the magazine shows a little ~· Fe~ COUD88Ding Service (232-3045) offers supportive counsel- Starting in July, Swedish work- verse written by a wife to her husband. He's just got a promotion and ling to assISt you (and your spouse) in working out the problems of ers aged 60 years ~nd over are (surprise!) a transfer. The verse warns hubby that unless he "phones shared power in a relationship. able to ~ut back their work week XYZ Moving tonight, your sweet little wife's gonna kill ya." to as little as 17 hours while ::>exist assumptions apart, it is more likely that the move will kill her 3. Foc:us for W~~n Program, Algonquin College, offers low cost receiving an income amounting to (or at least depress her or make her hate where they move to). assertiveness trammg courses for women (how to ask for what you between 85 and 90 per cent of their want, and say what you mean without feeling guilty). regular pay. Anne Martin-Matthews is a sociologist wh~ write her M.A. thesis on adjustment problems faced by migrant families in Hamilton. While 4. New Camdian Welcome Centre offers orientation to Canada The income comes in the form of taking graduate courses in women's studies, she became aware that information for immigrants. wages paid by employers for hours her discipline, sociology, treated women's perceptions of their . worked, together with pension experiences merely as a ,sub-category of men's experiences. Good luck - and keep on movmgl supplements funded by a tax on 'Norms' for studies were male values. If women didn't conform they employers. Workers have the opt­ were discounted or regarded as unimportantly deviant. ion of remaining in the labour She decided to review her thesis data, deliberately avoiding lumping force until age 70. husbands' and wives' statements together. She wanted to see if the According to Kenneth Brathall sociological assump~ion that men and women see the same experiences of the Swedish government, the the same way for the' same reasons was correct. intent of the new pension scheme Her study indicated that the assumption was not correct. The more was largely social: "Doctors warn­ successful the husbands were in their new jobs, the more positively ed us that we mustn't chop people they viewed the move. A totally different dynamic - one of power and powerlessness - affected the wives' perceptions. In their cases, offand suddenlythe unions from were workingstrong cham- life, the more control they had over the hows, whys, whens and where-to's pions for giving people a chance to of the original decision to move, the more positively they saw the adjust." results of the move. But the resulting program is This was apparently independent of their husbands' job success. suited to labour force require­ By this token, the wo~anin the moving company's ad is not going to ments as well as helping people be too happy in her husband's new job location. adjust to retirement, since profes­ Martin-Matthews' study needs replication and confirmation. Never­ sionals and skilled workers in theless, it has immediate applications for families, employers and social short demand are more likely to be workers trying to cushion the inevitable shock and social disruption in the labour force longer, officials caused by a move. hope, if they can work less. Employers, if they are to preserve the mental and emotional So far, an estimated 10,000 stability of their employees' spouses, should incorporate them into the workers have taken advantage of promotion/transfer process. Families should work out power-sharing the plan, and it is estimated the arrangements to ensure that feelings of powerlessness are minimized. number may triple by year end. Employers and community groups in the new job environment One drawback to workers opting should set up confidence building and assertiveness training programs into the scheme is that employers for the spouses of .their migrant employees. are obligated to slot in "part-work- Most important, spouses who feel depressed or unhappy after a ers" once older employees reduce move shouldn't take agony columnist Ann Landers' 'advice' that "the their work weeks by fiye hours. Gerry Trudel working with you and for you TRUSTEE TRUDEL worked to ... GERRY TRUDEL has supported * develop a tendering policy with * more accountability to the bids opened in public community * make sure a community liaison * setting of financial priorities committee was set up and detailed budget informa- * have trustees list their number ti on in the phone book under OBE * classes for secondary students * get an ombudsman and public with special needs right to information policy * the removal of discrimination * ensure the committees she chai­ against female employees and red presented educationally students sound budget requests * closer co-operation between parents, schools and trustees Telephone: 735-7065 U,.treua/5 Marriage and careers Hartman discusses problems and benefits

It is not IUlC8lllllMll for men to move from their homes and families in Joe proved adept at taking on the Men are often dependent on sibility thrust upon themselves. order to punue a career or particular interest. Such moves happen extra tasks, her guilt soon dis- their wives to do the housekeeping Hartman thinks many men, her every day, and when they do relatives, friend&, and acquaintances appeared. and object to having this respon- own younger son included, would offer Httle criticism and .pose few questions. be reluctant to have a Hartman But what happens .when a woman is forced to relocate? Is our society style marriage, partly because as willing to accept her move and what problems does it pose in a they dislike housework and see it family. situation where women have tnulitionally been expected to take as 'woman's work.' charge of the family's weHare? "I can understand why my own by Lana Ritchie must attend a number of social generation feels the place of a functions. Going alone is not woman is to clean, cook and look "If a happily married woman always easy. It is at these social after a family," says Hartman, w$1lted my advice on whether she affairs that she feels people who "but when young men tell me they should accept a promotion which don't know her may speculate on wouldn't 'let' their wives do this or would require her to live apart the status of her marriage. that, it's depressing. from her husband in another city, A lack of trust or insecurity on "Unless this sort of thinking like I'm doing, I'd have to ask, the part of either spouse becomes changes it will remain a great 'How much does your marriage magnified under such circum­ stumbling block for future gen­ mean to you?' stances. Hartman describes her erations of women seeking equal Grace Hartman, president of the husband as "a confident, self as­ opportunities for a career," she Canadian Union of Public ~mploy­ sured man, well able to look after said. ees ·{CUPE), has been living in himself." Joe always offered en­ In the course of her work Hart­ Ottawa since 1967 when she was couragement and support to his man hears complaints that insuf­ fu:'st elected as national secretary­ wife in her dealings with the ficient women are being hired for treasurer of CUPE. Her husband, unions. She recalls, "he was the certain jobs. Joe, resides in Toronto. one who urged me to fight the "For a position such as a field "We have a good marriage. -And discrimination against women". representative which requires ex­ of course we'd rather be living Because his wife is a high profile tensive travelling, it is very hard t.Qgether," Hartman says, but be­ person Joe undoubtedly has a to get women". She tells of one cause her position involves many more demanding role than other woman who was doing excellently evening meetings and out-of-town men in the same situation normal­ but had been travelling a great travel, including considerable time ly would. deal. Ater six months she resign­ in Toronto, she and Joe agreed on A month ago, the television ed. The woman said, "It's my .mar­ the present arrangement. They show, W5, did an interview with riage or my job, and I think I11 see each other an average of two Hartman. Isabel Bassett, the in­ have to choose my marriage". or three weekends a month and terviewer, persistently attempted Many women like, or think they speak frequently on the phone. to gain permission to interview like, the traditional role and are "We spend more time with each Joe. The public relations people quite ready to condemn and other now than when I was in from CUPE finally inquired, criticize a nonconforming lifestyle. Toronto. Now when I'm home my "Would you be insisting on an "We are," Grace Hartman claims, time is m1 own/' Hartman said in interview with Grace if her hus­ "a long way from real acceptance an interview. band was the president of CUPE?" by both sexes of this type of "My husband could find a job The answer was no. Grace Hartman, CUPE president, says a marriage mt£Bt be strong unorthodox marriage and life­ here, and we have considered this Nevertheless. when Hartman before a woman can /,eave to pursue her own career. style.'' but he would be. away from all his arrived in Toronto airport she was friends and interests." However, if met by Bassett and a TV crew. Grace nail 'been foreed to relocate Bassett grabbed the chance to in Vancouver or somewhere sim­ question Joe who was awaiting his Voice of Women. mem·bers ilarly distant, Joe would have gone wife. also. "How does it feel to be the "Joe is not unwilling to move; it husband of CUPE's president?" is just impractical," she said. '!'he reply was: "Proud". unhappy with McEwan dismissal Although this lifestyle works for Friends and relatives can be as by Maureen O'Hara the Hartmans it could place a insensitive as outsiders. Com­ The letter constructed by Mc­ party to the negotiation of a full and strain on even the most solid ments to Hartman · such as, "I When Charlotte McEwan of Ott­ Ewan demanded immediate re­ lasting settlement in the Middle relationship and easily destroy a couldn't live like you," come from awa was ousted from the Voice of lease of Palestinean journalist Ra­ East. fragile one. Hartman suggests the acquaintances but the brunt of the Women {V.O.W.) two weeks ago, monda Tawil, under house arrest in "This is not the case at all." .said decision to live in this manner remarks are directed at Joe. At V.O.W. National Coordinator, Israel, and included anti-Zionist Elliot. "r\lo one on the steering must be mutual and based on a his job, fellow employees ask, Donna Elliott said she was worried statements. committee is Zionist.'' "clear understanding of what it "How does it work out?" Some­ the real work of the national peace Although the national steering Mc Ewan has arranged a meet­ will mean to the marriage." times the implication is, "Why and human rights organization was committee had decided to send a ing of Ottawa chapter members at Since her two sons were adults doesn't your wife look after you?". being neglected because of this letter to Prime Minister Trudeau the Public Library December 2nd when she "left home," providing When somebody says to Joe, internal problem with McEwan. the night before McEwan's action, to discuss the expulsion and pos­ Ca.re for children was not a prob­ "Grace is doing a great job," she Now more problems face V .0.W. V.O.W. Coordinator Elliot said sible strategies for dealing with it. lem. Both sons sympathized with suspects they would like to add, since McEwan says she has decided McEwan was not assigned to con­ Local members objected to the their mother's ambitions. "And I'm glad she's your wife and to fight her expulsion and will struct or deliver the letter. manner in which the expulsion was "It's a lonely kind of life," she not mine". continue to work in the name of Elliot also said McEwan included announced to certain members and admits. Even though she has num­ Initially when Hartman began V.O.W. while looking into the a statement that indicated Canad­ the public.· Ottawa consultative erous friends in Ottawa, Hartman commuting between Ottawa and possibility of splitting the Ottawa ian V.O.W. women were marching member Marti Mussel said she was misses confiding in her husband. Toronto, she said, she felt uncom­ chapter from the rest of the and protesting in sympathy with disturbed that Ottawa members "Occasionally when I go home to fortable neglecting the traditional organization. women in the Galilee, who were didn't know about the expulsion an empty apartment I wonder if homemaking duties. Since the The unprecedented expulsion protesting that day, September 28. until after the fact. it's all worthwhile." household chores were always came after members at the national The letter also demanded immed­ "We received no notification that As president of CUPE, Hartman shared by the whole family and headquarters in Toronto sent let­ iate dismissal of the Administrator the steering committee was going ters and requests for votes to of Arab Affairs in the Galilee, Yis­ to meet and there was no formal decide the issue to the consqltative rael Koenig. notification before the press was KEEP HER WORKING FOR YOU members, who act as contact per­ "No one knew anything about informed that Charlotte had been sons for each chapter across the protesting in the Galilee, what they expelled.'' said Mussel. country. The vote in favor of were protesting, and certainly we Mussel went on to say that, while expulsion was nearly unanimous. never agreed that we would pro­ she objected to the way the expul­ Reasons given for the requested test here ... and some of us didn't sion came about, she thought the expulsion included that McEwan, even know who Koenig was ... said anti-Zionist position of McEwan throughout her 16 year association Elliot. was not the cause for expulsion but Vote with V.O.W., has continually taken McEwan said she received the merely one more case of McEwan's arbitrary action on her own in the go-ahead from the national office in "refusal to recognize the boud­ name of V.0. W. without consulting Toronto the morning before the aries of the group." other members. presentation to Allon. In spite of a possible split iron: Patricia Nicol "Charlotte has taken unilateral She said her anti-Zionist position the national group suggested by action over the years, stating her is the real reason for her expulsion McEwan, Ottawa's Voice of Wo­ own opinions on issues that we and that a "pro-Zionist power men seems to be crumbling. Controller haven't even discussed," said Na­ structure" at the national office The majority of active members. tional Coordinator Elliot. "contravened every norm of demo­ primarily the eight-member local In the letter to members, cratic procedure" to mount a cam­ steering committee, have said they V.O.W. said an example of "inde­ paign against her. will resign either in sympathy with December 6th, 1976 pendent" action taken by McEwan McEwan said the same members Charlotte McEwan, because of dis­ concerned a letter McEwan pre­ who have been active in the move approval of the approach taken by sented to then Israeli Defence for her expulsion objected to a the national committee in the ex­ 725-2173 7 45-77 48 Minister General Allon and distrib­ resolution approved at the national pulsion, or because of general uted to journalists at a news con­ meeting in September to support frustration felt because of work ference when be was in Canada in inclusion of the Palestinean Liber­ being neglected because of the late September. ation Organization as an essential struggle. 61 Upatream Changing the brain's electrical circuits? Uses and abuses of mood-modifying drugs by Lesley Newson "People will come and ask for Mood-altering drugs all have Valium or something to 'pick them uncomfortable or dangerous side up,' "she said, "but we try to only effects and can be habit forming, prescribe medication if the patient but scientists still do not really needs help immediately or if their understand how they work on the mental problems are chronic and brain, according to Dr. Ian Hen­ appear to have a physical origin." derson, a clinical pharmacologist Most tranquilizers cannot treat at Ottawa General Hospital and psychiatric problems, they just chairperson of a Canadian Medical relieve some of the symptoms, Association subcommittee on Brown said. .pharmacotherapy. Once a mood-altering drug is swallowed, smoked, sniffed or in­ Health and Welfare Canada and somehow related to the way we jected, it is absorbed by the mines may cause happiness be­ of Valium, a popular tranquilizer, the Ontario Addiction Research think or feel, according to Fried. bloodstream but must come in cause they create an excess of NE. is "changes in libido", which is Foundation warn that convulsions, Once an electrical impulse has contact with the nerve cells of the Anti-depressants, prescription medical jargon for changes in nausea, decreased libido and more travelled the length of one nerve brain before having a pronoun<'P.d drugs found to relieve many types sexual desire. can result from use or abuse of cell, it must trigger a pulse in one of depression, have also been Alcohol is a very imperfect drug mood-modifying drugs. effect, says Ur. Peter J<'ned, a or more surrounding nerve cells or found to increase NE levels in the because it affects not only mood Included in the category of psychology professor at Carleton. Mood-altering drugs appear to the signal will not be transmitted. brain, Fried said. but also movement and thought. mood-modifying are alcohol, bar­ This triggering is done chemically. There is also some evidence that Physicians and psychologists biturates, amphetamines and have their effect by changing the electrical circuits in the brain. When an impulse reaches the a lack of NE accompanies feelings are now going so far as to say, for many other prescription drugs. end of a nerve, the "nerve ending" of sadness. Suicide victims be­ the long term, the "effects" of And women are prescribed "Thinking is a connecting of neural pathways and drugs can releases a substance called a lieved to be depressed before mood-altering drugs are as unde­ tranquilizers more frequently than "transmitter" into the fluid-filled dying were found to have lower sirable as the "side effects". men to the extent that advertise­ form new connections or modify existing connections,'' Fried said. space between it and other nerves. than normal levels of NE in some Dr. Henderson says individuals ments in medical journals for tran­ Contact between the transmit­ parts of the brain. and the whole society are already quilizers show helpless or harried Nerve cells are the "wires" that allow electrical impulses to be ter and other nerves starts an Dr. Henderson said alcohol also too dependent on drugs. housewives, according to Carleton affects the release of transmitter carried around the bOdy and form electrical impulse in some of the A person who is unhappy with a University psychology professor nerves. Where the impulse starts substances. In some people, it in­ job may ask a doctor for tran­ Dr. Eleanor Burwell. the integrated circuits in the brain that enables us to "compute". depends on the type of transmitter creases the level of NE released by quilizers or self-prescribe alcohol A 1972 study by Ruth Cooper­ released. the nerve endings. These are the rather than attempt to change the stock showed women are more Nerves carry information from all parts of the body to the brain and When a mood-modifying drug is so-called "happy drunks". situation, he said. likely to discuss their problems floating around in the nerve end­ Other people tend to become "Society also finds it easier to with doctors and doctors are more transmit signals from the brain to the body. Within the brain elec­ ing or in the fluid surrounding the aggressive as they drink. It has treat unhapy people with drugs apt to prescribe mood-modifying nerve ending, it can interfere with been found that here alcohol is than attempt to remove the source drugs to women than to men. trical pulses are constantly travel­ ling from nerve cell to nerve cell. the transmitter substance. causing an increase in the release of of their problems, especially since Dr. Mary Brown, chief psychia­ For example, amphetamines in­ another transmitter - "dopa- their major problem may be that tric resident at Ottawa General, Some of the pulses are rhyth­ mical and are called "brain terfere with an enzyme that mine". they can't adjust to our high-pres­ will not prescribe tranquilizers or "Most drugs have more than one waves". The pathway the electric­ breaks down the transmitter call­ sure industrialized society," Hen­ other psychoactive drugs unless effect and depending on what you al impulse takes around the brain is ed "NE" (norepinephrine). This al­ derson said. she feels it is absolutely necessary. lows NE to build up in the fluid want, you can call everything else "There are many people who around the nerve cells and elec­ a side effect," says Dr. V. Hynie of would be very happy working on a Municipal Election Date trical impulses are started over Health and Welfare Canada. farm, and there is a great demand and over again, creating a tenden­ Mood-altering drugs can also for farm workers, but there is no Monday, December 6, 1976 cy to speed up thinking. have physical effects. Many diet­ money in farm work so people All .iec:tors, however, If they find It to be more convenient, NE appears to be an important ers know that amphetamines re­ must stay in the city. may vote at the advance poll1 which will be held at the follow· transmitter in determining moods, duce or eliminate the desire for "If farm work was made more ing locations on Friday, December 3, and Saturday, December food. Listed among the side effects 4, 1976 with all polls open from 11 :00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. including happiness. Ampheta- economically rewarding, there may be some happy people work­ Please bring your card which designates your place of voting. ing in the country, but the rest of us would be paying more for food." Rideau Ward No. 6 Fire Station, 405 MocKoy St. at Vaughan St. and Overbrook Community Centre, 171 King George St. The unhappy bored housewife is By-St. George's Ward No. 3 Fire Holl, 179 Clarence St. at Cum­ Interlude Cafe almost a cliche now, but many berland St. 209 Belmont [at Bank] 235-0341 women still seek escape through Wellington Ward Jock Purcell Community Centre, 320 Elgin St. alcohol or tranquilizers. Capitol Ward Ottawa South Community Centre, Formerly No. Open Mon. to Wed. 10a.m.to10 p.m. l 0 Fire Station, Sunnyside Ave. and Abbotsford House - Thurs. to Sat. 10 a.m. to midnight Dr. Burwell says, "You don't (Auditorium) 954 Bonk St. need a law degree to have an Dalhousie Ward No. 2 Fire Station, 280 Boy St. at Lisgor St. interesting life outside the house. Elmdale-Victoria Ward No. 11 Fire Station, 424 Parkdale Ave. Serving light lunches, dinners Human contact is what is import­ (near Gladstone Ave.) and McGregor Eosson Public School, home made pastries, espresso coffee, ant. 991 Dynes Rood. Queensboro Ward Ballantyne Building, 1447 Carling Ave. folk music "If a woman doesn't like being at Britannia Ward No. 12 Fire Station, 2576 Carling Ave. at Nor­ Thursday, Friday and Saturday evenings home all day, she may prefer ton Ave. from9:00 stuffing envelopes in an office. At Carleton Ward St. Michael and All Angels Church Holl, 2112 least she'll be meeting people and Bel-Air Dr. Alta Vista Ward Pleasant Pork School, 564 Pleasant Pork Rd. having a change of scenery." Gloucester Ward No. 8 Fire Station, 2355 Alto Vista Dr. at Randoll Ave. Electors are entitled to vote as follows: FOR MAYOR ONE to be elected by a general vote FOR CONTROLLERS MAllON FOUR to be elected by a general vote FOR ALDERMEN ONE to be elected in each word DEWAR Election Day ... Monday, December 6th, residents of Ottawa will be determining the direction their community will take. It is of critical importance to all of us that the hard work of Marion Dewar be included in Ottawa's future. She has carefully established communication links between people and their municipal govern­ ment. She has always remained accountable and available to her community. And most important, she has fot1ght for our interests in every way she can. On December 6th remember Marion Dewar. She hasn't forgotten us. Upstream /7 Law For women by Shirley Greenberg 1. First of all, as suggested ah<>Ve, the it very difficult to enforce payments. One 7. Is judicial discretion sufficient without concept of "family assets" is narrowly method to help overcome collection prob­ guidelines? Is the Government planning Ontario-has a new proposal for reform, defined. It does not include savings, of fanµIy law, 'just finished second reading lems is to permit attachment of wages an education program that will reach investments, a business but will include (garnishment). Another improvement judges too? We have ample evidence of in the legislature and on its way to the assets used in common with other family Justice Committee where briefs and sub­ would be to get disclosure of address and bias prejudicial to women. The more members, even family heirlooms inherited employer from government departments. subtle expression of bias is almost uncon­ missions will be considered. Get your copy by one spouse. If one spouse saves and the of the explanatory booklet Family Law Can you think of other changes that would scious, being a product of simple misinfor­ other spends it on goods used by the help? Reform from the Attorney General at mation and the effect of discrimination family, the goods will be shared but the Now, if family assets are left behind, at resulting from a particular view of Queen's Park, Toronto, or your member savings won't. of the provincial legislature, and exercise least half will belong to the spouse who women. your critical faculties when reading it. 2. Where there is no family business but remains, and possibly all could be award­ 8. Note that the use of judicial discretion This statute is redefining the position and the wife nevertheless sacrifices her career ed to him or her in a situation of desertion. can override contracting out of the sup­ Children are affected, too. status of women, and it's important. opportunities in whole or in part by port obligation if, for example, one spouse One key proposal is the concept of devoting herself to domestic duties and 5. The new law would validate marriage becomes destitute as a result. One's property sharing it proposes for husband child-care, leaving the husband free to contracts and the government is under­ private contract is not always safe from and wife. It does not include a fifty-fifty climb in his career, the wife shares only taking an education program to inform the alteration. whatever property is included in "family public. This is important because spouses split, and not all property is shared. 9. Note also that persons living in com­ Basically, that property will be shared assets" - unless judicial discretion is may not be fully aware of the ·meaning of exercised in her favour. This is not mon law relationships can become obligat­ between the spouses which is in joint use the terms and their importance. Especial­ ed to each other, especially where a by them: the matrimonial home (usually recognition of the equality of the marriage ly in the glow of romance one might put partners. dependency relationship has resulted, one but not always), the car, furniture. The one's name to anything. spouse becoming economically handicap­ concept of "family assets" is used to 3. Judicial discretion will apply to the The customary kind of marriage con­ ped. describe this system but it is deceptive division of assets in case of marriage tract in use in Quebec before.1970 took a for not all family assets are included. breakdown. This will protect women 11nd standardized form and failed to give Opportunity is now to send in your What is left out is savings, investments, men against unfair claims of a partner who recognition to the individuality of the briefs and submissions to the Justice and the business of a spouse. Thus, Mrs. contributed little or nothing relative to couple. How can this be prevented? Committee of the Ontario Legislature. There is much more in the bill than Murdoch.would still not get a share of the the other. Thus, the fault concept is not 6. Will contracting out of the "family farm, but only her share of the home and entirely eliminated but a woman may not appears above, and it is all important. assets" regime mean that a lot of women Ifreaders have questions, please address access to it. That is, unless judicial be forced to remain in the home because It who opt out get left out? is important to them to this column and they will be discretion was exercised in such a way she cannot prove fault on the part of the consider the terms carefully before mar­ answered in forthcoming issues. that she got a full share of the ranching­ husband - necessary at present in order riage, because afterwards it may be Please remember that information here business which she undeniably helped to to get support during separation. Today, impossible to get agreement! On the other build up. even if a woman slaved for twenty years, is general information and may not be hand, what you promise when you're applicable to the individual case. A small To help you in your reading, some she will get nothing at separation if she twenty years old may not be right for you critical areas are set out below, not leaves without cause. change in facts can sometimes mean a big when you are thirty or more. Renewable change in the law that applies. Personal exhaustively, and not necessarily in order 4. 'A big problem with support is that the contracts may be preferable, but would of importance. attention is always necessary to know spouse who leaves the jurisdiction makes they be legal? one's legal position and the consequences.

The Healing Arts~~~~~~~ by Beatrice Baker cedure and will cause no harm if done thing wrong. Since high bl~ pressure by a nurse or an assistant. yearly. "Going to the gynecologist is a pain in has no symptoms, it is especially good to The Physical Examination The other test stt1ear is for gonorrhea. the ... have it taken at each visit. Very few doctors do this unless it is re­ This is how most women felt about gyn­ If you haven't had a general physica~ in ecological examinations, at least until re­ Gynecological History some time, you should have a routme quested. However, since gonorrhea may cently. Now there are a growing number Besides a general medical hi.story, de­ check. That includes a look at your throat, show no symptoms in a .woman, since it of groups putting out literature designed tailed questions about your reproductive ears, eyes, and a listen to your chest and has reached epidemic proportions in Can­ to help women cure their own ignorance and sexual organs and functions should be heart. She or he should also feel the ada and since the test is inexpensive you and their doctors' arrogance. asked. These will give the physician organs in your abdomen and so a breast should be tested routinely if you are Women, and men, thinking of them­ necessary information for diagnosing an exam. heterosexually active. selves as consumers, are looking at their illness or recommending a method of brith Although the doctor should do a breast Ask your doctor whether the test for health care are asking, "Are we really control. These are the types of questions exam that does not mean that you should gonorrhea is a gram stain or a culture. getting our money's worth? Is this first you should be asked: Is your period reg­ let that suffice for a whole year. Every While the gram stain is a quicker test which doesn't require the "growing" time rate care? How do we Know what should ular? How long is your cycle? Has it woman should periodically examine her of a culture, it is not as accurate a test as or shouldn't be happening?" changed lately? own breasts for soreness, lumps, changes, To help you decide whether or not etc. You are more likely to know when the culture. you're getting the attention you ought to If you can't answer these questions, get there has been a change and to know it If you are having any problems or receive, here are some guidelines about a small calendar and keep a record of your sooner than if you wait for your annual discharge the physician will probably also gynecological examinations. periods for several months, better. still, check-up. take a smear to examine under a micro­ scope. Some of the commonest infections General Medical History unless you're regular as a clock, get m the habit of keeping a continuous record. It can be readily identified that way. He or Your first visit to a doctor should can be helpful information if you suspect she may also send a sample to avlab. include a complete medical history. Be­ that you're pregnant or if you're having The Bimanual or sides informing the doctor of your present difficulty with menstruation. Two-Handed Examination state of health, including such things as Is your period heavy, medium, light? allergies and current medication, it should There are two dimensions here: the Lastly, with a sterile glove on, the cover your past illnesses and whether or number of days of flow and, on the day of physician will place two fingers inside the not there is a history among your im" heaviest flow, how often must you change vagina and against the cervix and the. mediate family of such illnes:;es as dia­ napkins or tampex? other hand on your abdomen. Between the betes or heart disease. Do you usually have cramps or back­ two hands she or he can feel how large the This information is important because aches? Are they tn.i.qor or troublesome? uterus is, whether or not there are any your body is an integrated system and a Have you ever been pregnant? lumps, and whether or not there is any in­ symptom or situation that seems totally Did you carry to term, miscarry, or flammation or soreness. unrelated could, ·in fact, be affecting the have an abortion? This is the end of the actual examina­ Internal Examination health of your sexual organs. For exam­ If the pregnancy ended in childbirth tion. Unless you know that your doctor ple, peniciJ.Un can help get rid of a were there any complications, how large The intern!ll examination actually be­ will see you again after you're dressed, bronchial problem but it can also affect the was the baby, was delivery early or late? gins by the doctor looking at the external you should be sure to ask any questi<_>ns lining of your vagina and the bacteria in If you have had an abortion what area of your genitals to see if there are you have during the exam. If you tliink your intestines. method was used, were there any compli­ any signs of infection, growths, or dam- you'll be too ill-at-ease to ask questions Likewise, if you're seeing a doctor for a cations? age. . during the exam them say, firmly, as the particular complaint, don't hesitate to You do not have to discuss whether an Then she or he uses a speculum (usually doctor walks in the door: "Hi!I'vegotsome mention symptoms even if they don't abortion was legal or illegal or what the made of clear plastic these days) which questionsbeforewegetstarted ... seem directly related, such as headaches social 'circumstances were but the fact ·of can be comfortably inserted into the If you have a family doctor, a general or tiredness. There is a possibility that having one, especially if there were com­ vagina and which will hold the walls of the practitioner or internist, with whom you they are related. plications, is important information that vagina apart so that the cervix can be feel comfortable there is probably no need And of course your medical hi.story can the doctor should have. seen. If'you don't know what a speculum for you to go to a gynecologist for a be important in determining what kind of If you miscarried, at what month did looks like ask to see one and have it routine examination. Most of them include birth control is suitable for you. For you have problems and was the cause explained. routine gynecology in their practises. -example, a family history of diabetes, ever investigated? What methods, if any, The doctor checks the color, general Being comfortable with someone is heart disease or high blood pressure, of birth control have you used? Did you appearance and position of the cervix. He important... dispelling your own ignor­ among other things, may indicate that you experience any problems? Are you using a or she ·checks for signs of infection or ance is important ... retaining the right to should not use birth control pills. form of birth control now? Are you having abnormality. At this time they will pro­ make your own decisions is important... Going to the gynecologist doesn't have Weight and Blood Preuure any problems with it? Have you had any bably take some smears for lab tests. One diseases, infections, or operations? of these will be a Pap test for cancer. to be a pain in the ... These should be measured each time The general history, gynecological his­ While there is some question now about you go to the doctor. Changes in weight or tory and your weight and blood pressure how often Pap tests should be done, it is blood pressure can be indications of some- measurements may very likely be taken an inexpensive and quickly done pro- 81 U)Nlti'eaa CITY ELECTIONS Mayoral candidates discuss the

proved services for rape victims. Crisis Centre? tional when council opposed what ·Interviews by Karen Fish. Susan Wiskiag, Patty Gibson, Jane Mingay "Greenberg hasn't revealed the they saw as a pro-abortion stand and Kris Klaasen Alisa Photography "We've done it. We funded them number of women raped on Walk­ and took offence to what they be­ Ottawa residents decide December 6 who will manage and govern pidn't we?" said mayor Greenberg. a-thons," he said. "I haven't got lieved was a lesbian core of work­ the affairs of their city for the next two years. Three major issues have Lapointe said, as an active the words to express my horror ... ers at the centre. been discussed at candidate forums to date: the impact of government member in several social service the barbaric laws that the woman "I may not always agree with decentralization, division of power between municipal and r~gional agencies, he was aware of the has to deal with." the purposes of the organization governments, industrial growth of the city and, the old perennial, financial problems these groups He said services such as the but that doesn't mean I won't fund truces. - have, adding that social services Rape Crisis Centre deserve 100 them, the mayor said. "I don't Several issues have been virtually untouched by the local press and should be the priority area for per cent more funding. agree with all these separate age­ at all:-candidates meetings. Upstream polled the mayoral and Board of municipal spending. encies. We need to train social "They (women's centre) might How would you define a wom­ Control candidates for their opinions on the support and funding of an's centre? workers better so they can handle social services particularly related to the needs of women, day care start looking to other groups in the all these problems in a People's facilities and the lack of recreational facilities for children in housing city as well," he said. "A lot of "That's the most ridiculous Centre." developments in the city. . service clubs are looking for some­ question I've ever been asked," The YWCA is an important Running for mayor are incum- could not be contracted despite a thing to fund and this would be a Greenberg responded. "How do facility in the community, Alphon­ bent Lorry Greenbetg~ local busi- concerted effort. good thing for them to support. you define what these centres do? se Lapointe responded. nesman Alphonse Lapointe, body Do you support funding of all or Maybe the Lion's Club or some­ What does a Boys Club do?" Women need a club of their own rub parlor owner Bill Foster and any of Interval House, the 'Ottawa thing would be interested." Greenberg said the issues sur­ to help them get into professional Oc Transpo driver Mike Sammon. Mike Sammon was particularly rounding funding of the Ottawa _ fields, the police force or the fire We apologize to Bill Foster who Women's Centre and the Rape concerned with the need for im- Women's Centre became too emo- department, said Mike Sammon. Two women run for Board of Control

well in providing social housing. As This is in keeping with her philo­ PAT NICOL While Nicol generally favours the ERNEST to how these projects could be im- sophy of a women's centre. Dewar existing transit system she said she proved for women living in public said it should be a place to keep would like to see more lanes set BOUCHARD housing, he had no ideas. valid information for women. Also, aside for buses. Only ifthe service is Bouchardwasalsounawareofthe she said, women should be able to more efficient will people be en­ attempted dismissal of unionized g_.9 to a centre and have their couraged to leave their cars at employees working for the city. self-confidence and self-worth con­ home, she said. Nicol said a subway However he said he believed people firmed. is not economically feasible or war­ should be paid union rates as long as But Dewar says the feminist ranted in a city the size of Ottawa. it did not get to be too much. movement has been considererl;one "When wages go up, prices go of young women when older wom­ up," warned Bouchard. "We have to en have been oppressed for years. JOSEPH LOUIS be careful with the trucpayer's Therefore, she says, 60-year old money." women who have had marital PARADIS "If people want more parks for breakdowns, as is the case with children, they must be prepared to two women she knows, should be pay," Bouchard said when asked able to walk into a women's centre about indoor and outdoor recre- for help. Patricia Nicol says her two year Local businessman Ernest Bou­ ation for children in housing de- Dewar thinks smgle mothers performance as a city councillor chard has thrown his hat into the velopments. He said there were should be a big consideration in proves her support for such ser­ race for member of the Board of many parks already underway. public housing. Right now, she vices as the Women's Centre, Control to lower taxes. Bouchard is not satisfied with says, there isn't the physical shel­ ·Interval House and the Rape Crisis His knowledge of women's issues Ottawa public transportation. "Too ter that is needed. Centre. and general issues affecting women many people are left waiting for a "Co-op housing is a real plus for On the whole the Women's is sparse. bus in outlying areas and night women," she said. Single parents Centre is providing a necessary ser­ "I don't know how daycare is serviceisnotsufficient,"hesaid.He in co-op housing are part of the vice by maintaining a place where funded, "Bouchard said in an inter­ favors using small buses on a belt community, are considered equal "women can go and meet," she said. view. "Of course, I would find out if I line system. - partners and are much happier, she In the future she would like the was elected, but I know nothing "You do not have to have big said. centre to initiate the establishment about that sort of thing." buses all the time. It costs a lot of "We are saying we want women of a detoxication centre for alcoholic Joseph Louis Paradis is not a He sail he had "funny ideas" money to pick up a small number of in the work force. Therefore we women, who are currently forced to newcomer to city elections. He has about daycare. people," he said. "You can use have to provide municipal ser­ dry out in the city jail, she said. often run but has yet to be elected. "I was raised to believe that I smaller buses early in the morning vices," said Dewar. This applies to Nicol also suggested the centre He says that services like the must work very hard to keep my and late at night. They cost less to daycare where middle-income could "get more involved in directly Women's Centre, Interval house wife at home to raise a family operate." people are "priced out," according helping women to find employ­ and the Rape Crisis Centre are properly," he said, adding that Bouchard says the city must to Dewar. ment". good for people who need them and "some people really need it, "but not increase its bus service and experi- She said a "finger in the dyke" On the subject of housing Nicol that it is "a sad thing that people many, and suggested daycare al­ ment with various methods of measure for day care would be to said she has always advocated the don't want them." lowed husbands to "go off and have a supplying quality transit in the city. put a ceiling on costs of private pay integration of the poor-into existing A women's centre, he feels, good time." day care centres. People with more n~ighborhoods. The present attit­ would be good for young girls who As for supporting the Women's than one child in such a centre ude towards assisted housing cre­ "get in trouble" and are unable to' Centre, Interval House and the MARION would then pay only up to a certain ates, she said, the ghettoization of remain in the home. Rape Crisis Centre, he again said he amount. Dewar stressed this was the poor. From a large family in Quebec needed more information about DEWAR only a temporary plan, that pres­ The existing recreational bylaws City, Paradis says the city contin­ these organizations. sure should be applied to the prov­ which demand thats per-cent of the ues to ignore the little people ef "I don't know anything about ince to change legislation. land in a proposed development be .Ottawa. them. I am a businessman - an "I, as a municipal politician, set aside for such facilities is, in Low rent housing is, he said, dis­ administrator. I would not be think that children are a priority," Nicol's eyes, adequate. honest. He suggested that many working alone, however, and would Dewar said. She said the question If such facilities already exist the people who take advantage of such be willing to look into them," he of requiriDg new housing develop­ developer must give a lump sum to homes are earning good salaries said. "Good discussion on these ments to provide adequate indoor council which will be put towards and that some of these inter-lopers matters should bring good results." and outdoor facilities for children areas built prior to this bylaw. were on the payroll of city hall. Ac­ When asked what he thought a was really a motherhood issue. The present high vacancy rates in cording to Paradis, council said women's centre should do for With regard to public transit, daycare suggest to Nicol that this "We don't want all welfare cases in Ottawa woIJ}.en he said he did not Dewar said she would like to see service is not desirable to all wom­ there." know enough about it. smaller buses in some urban areas en. Frequently, she said, only He said council does.not 0elieve "Maybe the services could be where there is a lower number of ·women entitled to subsidies can af­ daycare services are feasible. The handled through the city," he users. ford to place their children. As a members, in Paradis' opinion, are suggested, "but I can't make a She is opposed to, and will mother of four she finds many wom­ afraid of being heralded as com­ statement. I don't know." Marion Dewar says she definite­ continuetooppose,anyraiseinfare. en prefer to leave their children munists. Socialhousingis well underway in ly supported funding of Interval She said when the city is carrying- a with friends or relatives where they Daycare should be determined the City. of Ottawa, according to House, the Women's Centre and $14 million deficit a raise in fare are in a familiar environment and on a need basis and people who can Bouchard who noted almost $4 mil­ the Rape Crisis Centre. But she won't do much to reduce it. People not as susceptible to germs. afford it "should pay through the lion was spent on public housing said she d<>esn't know of a women's should not get upset at increased Women who opt for this type of nose," be said. projects this year. He said this is a . centre in the municipality in which subsidies to public transit, she service should be compensated, she Paradis also disapproves of the :good beginning and the city is doing all women feel comfortable. said. said. money some election candidates U~/9 issues•

He said there are many clubs in the city where men get together to discuss their common busines or professional concerns, but no such organization exists to deal with the problems of women in the work force. How would you change Ontario housing developments to serve the needs of the women who live in them? Greenberg pointed to his voting record in opposition to Ontario housing projects in the city. "There will be no more of these developments while I'm mayor",''he said. . The mayor said he supported small clusters of housing people on rent supplement programs, inte­ grated with the rest of the com­ munity so people receiving subsid­ ies are not recognized. Lorry Greenberg ''There's motherhood and then Mike Sammon there's motherhood," said Mike Sammon. He said many women in low rental projects want to be out der" without municipal controls. which results in middle income working but can't because of in­ He said the construction industry centres for children from middle adequate daycare facilities. discriminates against families with income families and heavily sub­ Sammon said there are enough children. sidized· centres for children from able bodies in housing develop­ The citv should intervene to lower income families. ments who could organize and restrict development of all-adult He also suggested that workers manage daycare centres assisted apartment buildings, according to in day care centres are inade­ financially by the citY'. Mike Sammon, because the a­ quately trained. mount of space reserved for chil­ Lapointe also supported the idea How would you improve the of rent geared to income programs dren's play areas is below Ontari.o Housing Act regulations. He said present transit system to make it which subsidize people rather than more efficient? housing which ghettoizes low-in­ single parents are particularly .,c9~e ~nep., . hard hit by t~e Ottawa housing The mayor said the transit com­ situation. mittee report he helped implement H elected, would you support a in 1971 has improved OC Transpo municipal by-law requiring all How do you think daycare facil­ ities could be improved by the efficiency. housing developments in the city Although he doesn't want the and city? to provide adequate indoor city to grow to a size which nec­ outdoor recreation facilities fer The city should look at how day­ essitates a high concentration children? care facilities can be operated transit system, Greenberg says Housing developments for ad­ more efficiently by looking at their improvements can be made within M'ts without children are self-con­ locations and how they reflect the the present structure. trolling, Greenberg said_. The city needs of their area, according to Lapointe says the centre median does not need to be involved Greenberg. on the Queensway could be used as because developers will build fam­ Lapointe said too many women an express bus lane, that senior ily housing if they .see a demand, are forced to stay at home because citizens should be given free bus he said.$ they cannot find daycare facilities passes, and the city should lobby He mentioned the city's non­ within their financial means. with the federal government to' pr.ofit housing coroporation which "No taxpayer would object to in­ remove taxes on gasoline used by is helping bring families back to creasing the subsidies to daycare OC Transpo. the city core. He said he would en­ centres," Lapointe said. "We need OC Transpo driver Mike Sam­ courage family hqusing in the some places set up where children mon would eliminate Teletranspo downtown area as a means of can be cared for, for say a dollar a in order to improve rush hour ser­ reducing crime there. day." vice. He agrees with Lapointe that Lapointe argued that develop­ Mike Sammon objected to the senior citizens should have free ers are "getting away with mur- heirarchical structure ·of daycare access to city transportation. Alphonse Lapointe

spend. He said "to run in the city of director of information and public Payne is not aware of any prob­ the downtown core. He suggests the city should give Ottawa you have to spend a lot of relations at City Hall says he sup­ lems in social housing for women. Sutherland points out that over a money. I woQ.ldn't do that". qrst class support to the Ottawa ports "any service that has wide ap­ He says he agrees with demand­ third of OC Transpo's $36 million Daycare Association and that it plication to the community" such as ing developers to provide set budget is publically subsidized. He should be sensitive to the fact that DOUG PAYNE Interval House and the Rape Crisis amounts of recreational areas in says a no fare system would in­ daycare is a municipal respon­ Centre. He admitted he was "not as new developments "but it depen9s crea.Se the use of public transport­ sibility. familiar as I should be with the on the extent." ation, cut administrative costs and Women's Centre." relieve downtown congestion. "I'm not willing to comment on Sutherland says he "never Since daycare is "supposedly ed­ The two-time political CJyLdidate the extent," he says. thought of social housing as an area ucational, it should be more acces­ in a federal Md provincial•ction that discriminated against wom­ sible to the middle income groups stresses the need to ilitegrate de­ who are paying for it," says Payne. en". He added that the needs of any velopment in the community. special group have to be met and Currently only those on state "Recreation and social services that he is against "discrimination of subsidies or those who can afford it RALPH are far too broad a need to think are using the city's daycare centres they can be built into any specific access." he says. He contends daycare SUTHERLAN·D unit," he says. should become part of the edu­ Board of Control candidate Dr. "What you do when you demand He gives "support in principle" to cational curricula. Ralph Sutherland's philosophy of certain amounts of recreation space Interval House, the Rape Crisis Payne said he is uncertain how government is built around "mak­ is ghettoize the development ... I Centre and the Ottawa Women's the city could ensure daycare acces­ ing decisions after you are aware of look at the whole community rather Centre, _saying a prerequisite for sibility for middle income earners. all the concerns and no decisions than isolating it." their funding is that "they are under ''The Women's Centre shouldn't While he "doesn't want to be until the people affected are deeply The big probtem in Ottawa day­ good, open community control". If a beforthe women's liberation move­ "given a socialistic leaning on this," concerned;" care facilities according to Suther­ "closed shop atmosphere" prevail­ ment in any way, shape or form; Payne is in favor of abolishing bus The 51-year old University of land is "still the lack of access by the ed he would not support. those according to Board of Control can­ fares in the city.· Ottawa health administration pro­ middle income earner." agencies. didate Doug Payne. "fd like to hlive it looked at," he fessor has two short term priorities "If we believe in the equality of Instead it should be of assistance says, pointing out that any increase he wants studied in Ottawa's trans­ women then we have to allow them Sutherland says the Ottawa to all women says the 48-year old in fares would decrease passenger portation system: the abolition of access," he said. Women's Centre should act as political newcomer. loads. He points out a free system fares and bus stop/parking lot areas This access, he says, could be in­ "primarily a resource centre in a The former senior organization would reduce administrative over­ so commuters could drive part of creased by adopting a fee formula whole variety of legal and personal and methods officer an~ acting head and save natural resources. the way to work and take buses to scaled to net familv income; areas." 10/ Upatreun ARTS ______Hedda Gabler: Journey towards disaster

by Trudy Gahlinger drawing-room and the smaller she has it. Therefore, she is Hedda Gabler seems as alive music room. In the film, Nunn has usually filmed standing between today as when it was first publish­ taken the liberty of showing characters, at the centre of the ed in 1890. What is amazing about Hedda outdoors, and it has the action. this play is the particular rele­ effect of emphasizing her confine­ In one scene she tells Mrs. Elv­ ment. steo, who has moved to sit beside vance of its theme to the present Lovborg: "no, I want to be in the concern with women's roles. The The audience sees landscape, character of Hedda fits unmistake­ the road leading away from the middle." By the end of the film, ably into contemporary society. home, the open doors, and watch­ the balance has been upset. Now she moves about at the edge of the The Royal Shakeipeare Coai­ es as others come and go, while room and the edge of the grame, pey, with Trevor Nunn as direct­ Hedda clings to the house, closing or, has adapted the play to film; the curtains to the sun and fresh watching Tesman at work and called simply Hedda, it featur,es air. avoiding Brack, in a last desperate Glenda Jackson in the title role in She paces about the room con­ attempt to assert her authority. tinually, the tension iD her body She is ignored. The shooting is a production which proves to be not seen, and when her body is re­ highly competent. concentrated in her clenched fists. Her area of motion becomes even vealed, her face is obscn ..ed by a Hedda is the prototype of the 0 woman as victim. She is victimized more restricted at the end of the pillow. Brack's comment on her death adds to her insignificance . by her society, which decr~es that film when Tesman and Mrs. Elv­ a woman of twenty-nine has no sted take over the drawing-room and degrades the event: "People do)l't do such things." other option before her but mar­ for their work. ' riage. She is victimized by her The environment's oppression is It's difficult to imagine another husband, who values her as a prize repeatedly stressed. Hedda is oft­ actress playing Hedda. Glenda won over other suitors. She -falls en shown in .full view, framed by Jackson is perfectly suited for the prey to Judge Brack, who schemes the curtains separating the two part. This is the type of role at which she is best: tense, aggres­ to control her world. Finally, she rooms. Before her death, she will is the victim of her own cowardice, at last close the curtain and shoot sive, sarcastic. Not surprisingly, desiring to experience life at jts herself within those four walls. Jackson overpowers the other actors with the strength of her fullest, but content to remain only Objects dominate the setting and performance, for Hedda demands a spectator. our attention is focused on them: attention like a spoiled child. Hedda is the story of a journey the fireplace, indicative of the fire towards destruction, beginning in raging within Hedda, and the Peter Eyre makes Tesman a despair and ending in death. This mirror, symbol of the search for credible figure, avoiding the cari­ cature which the part invites, and mood is accentuated by the setting identity. Timothy West is excellent as the sun which opens the film and the Most important is the portrait of calculating Brack in black who darkness of evening which ends it. General Gabler, who represents Appropriately, Hedda's dress order, convention and propriety. comes in the back. The tragedy of Hedda is her changes from decorative white to Hedda's concern about her re­ refusal to react against the stifling simple brown to sombre black. jmtation is exploited by Brack forces around her. She chooses Trapped by a prescribed man­ when he blackmails her with the stagnation over evolution, and it ner of behaviour for a woman of 9ireat of publicizing her connect­ leads to paralysis. fa 'the very her position, Hedda's attempts at _i'Gn: in Lovbor(S>death.' bleakness of her story, Ibsen chal­ freedom serve only to strengthen Similarly, the composition of the the walls of her prison. Ibsen had frame illustrates Hedda's increas­ lenges women to demand and seek a more fulfilling life. the entire action of the play take ing loss of influence over her The alternative can only be, as place in two rooms: the large surroundings. She craves power over others, and in the beginning; for Hedda, an end. People transformed to­

OTTAWA WOMEN'S sticks and stones

RESOURCE HANDBOOK by Lana Ritchie "What are people made ofl Sticks and stones, feathers and bones. They are tied and bound produced by Ottawa Women's Centre with beautiful thread until their minds and their limbs are numb." This feeling is in the works of Erica Van Meurs, Ottawa weaver, sculptor, and textile artist. Under her eye the downtrodden are captives in a world of plenty. By combining stones, papier mache, bones, wood, fabric, wool, ~lored thread, feathers, saran wrap, cord and other household odds and ends she creates dram­ atic wall hangings and sculptures able to attend workshops in Gua­ in which animal-like humans flour­ temala in 1974, 1975 and 1976 ish. where much of her work was These satyrs are usually con­ inspired. While there she studied structed of sienna papier mache. the Indians' primative method of Each torso is individually bound, waving on the Backstrap Loom. cocoon fashion, in ochre or red It was this exposure that led her available Dec.1 silken thread, cord or rawhide. to begin experimentmg with pap­ Occasionally Van Meurs binds an ier mache and the creation of the entire group together, on a black "bound" bodies which seem to be $1.00 plywood cube base. now almost a signature in her art. In other constructions she at­ Later she enrolled in a Master's taches the armless bodies to par­ Program in Anthropology at Car­ tially stripped tree trunks which leton University. she descnbes as totem poles into "Crafts are only one aspect of a which forms suggesting birds and society and there are greater animals are carved. issues with which to be concern­ Van Meurs has successfully in­ ed," she says. To be only involved corporated the figures which she with handicrafts, she adds, iS a refers to as "monsters" into her "luxury". weaving to produce striking yet Erica Van Meurs has had a primitive wall hangings. recent successful showing at the As a successful teacher of textile Robertson Galleries and will ex­ art at the Ottawa Muncipal yentre hibit at Algonquin College in De­ and Algonquin College she was cember, UpM;remn·/11 NFT offers exciting film variety

One of the best buys in town is a French director Nelly Kaplan Cuban revolution. (English three dollar membership in the made t)lis first feature in 1969 subtitles) National Film Theatre. With a after several years' work at short La Vie Revee (Dream Life) on new programme series every two films on art and artists. She won a December 14 at 7:30 pm is by months, it is possible to see an Golden Lion at the Venice Film well-known Quebecoise director excellent double bill almost every Festival with Le Regard Picasso Mireille Dansereau. Trained at the second night for only $1.50. (Cost (The Picasso Look, 1967). Picasso London School of Film Technique, of your first showing is included describedLaFiancee as "insolence Dansereau won an award and when you pay your membership at raised to a fine art.'' No subtitles. stirred up discussion with the two the door.) Screened on the same pro- films she made there in 1968 and NFT is the exhibitions arm of gramme was Le Temps de l'.Avant 1969. the Canadian Film Institute, a (Before the Time Comes), made in La Vie Revee (Quebec, 1972) is a non-profit, chartered organization 1975 by Quebecoise director Anne­ witty film about the disparities founded 38 years ago "to encour- Claire Poirier. between women's dreams of men age and promote the use and study Since 1962 Poirier has worked and the blunt realities of inade­ of film in Canada." Government on shorts and longer document­ quate relationships. Dansereau grants from Canada Council and aries for the National Film Board. says "I wanted to show that ... Secretary of State help to fund the This full-length feature is about a friendship could take the place of NFT and such CFI pqblications as middle-aged couple with three love. Great friendship between the Yearbook of Canadi•n Film. children confronted with an un- women can exist, so that for a time Some titles from programmes wanted preganacy. The heroin at least, you can have so much out since last November suggest the explores the question of abortion of that you don't need men." exhilarating range of NFT show- with her husband, sister and ings: Japan, History Through the friends. The film was shown with Re-groupmg, at 9:30, is a more Cinema; Hitchcock, a retrospect- English subtitles at the Woman­ radical response to the problem ive; the Blues in Cinema; Kelly scene section of the recent Toronto presented in La Vie. Director and Garland; Cinema in the Third film festival. Lizzie Borden has filme"d the Reich; Garbo/Dietrich. Joan Micklin Silver's Hester efforts of an American women's Canadian films have been shown Street was shown November 30. collective to liberate themselves almost every Tuesday night this Despite an established reputation titudes and finds her own freedom. has been successful since the late from reliance on men. Where Dan­ year in such series as New Can- as a write~/dire~tor, Silver could She divorces Jake and prepares to forties as an editor director of sereau deals with personal friend­ adian Cinema, a Gilles retro- not sell thIS scnpt to any Holly­ start life on her own as a shop­ short films. But it wasn't until ship and escapist fantasies, Bor­ spective, Eroticanada and Can- wood producer. She and her hus­ keeper. 197 4 that she got enough backing den shows collective friendship adian Award-winning Films. band finally raised $400,000 and At 99, an account of the daily life to make her first feature film. and explicit affection between her Of special interest is a series of produced the film independently of an aged but lively woman - a (English subtitles) women. (Lizzie Borden is an actual eight films by eight women direct- to international acclaim in 1975. Canadian film made in 1974 by Showing· at 9:30 is Buenos Dias person, not a name for the collect­ ors, shown on consecutive Tues- It is the story of young Jewish director Deepa Saltzman, was also Companeras (Women in Cuba), ive.) All four programmes are at days. The series began November wife who comes to America during shown that evening. filmed in Cuba in 1975 by director the National Library and Public 23 at 7:30 pm with La Fiancee du the Large Jewish emigration from La Femme de Jean (Jean's Wife) Aviva Slesin and an all-woman Archives Building, 395 Wellington Pirate (known in English as A Europe in the late 19th century. on December 7 at 7 :30 pm is about Canadian crew. Street. Information for notes from Very Curious Girl or Dirty When her husband Jake becomes a woman facing a familiar contem­ The film shows a variety of Women and Film International Mary) - the story of Marie, a intoxicated with new-world free­ porary situation: to be or not to be Cuban women talking about their Festival, 1973, Toronto; Sharon young gypsy suspected of witch- dom and another woman, Gitl alone after the end of a marriage. work, families, feelings and the Smith, Women Who Make Movies, craft. overcomes her traditional at- French director Yannick Bellon fulfillments possible since the N.Y. 1975, NFT and NFB.

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RITA MacNEIL ''Born a Woman''

This exciting album of feminist songs can be ordered for $6.95 from: l i.Vas So naive. liVas stud\ L.Jith fui I.Alo((~ ll\Hl US UGET INC. Place de Ville, Ottawa 235-7972 h1~ · ll'U•CP,f lZlU,._a' BOOKS ______Brian Moore: the male sex symbol

The Doctor's WHe phistication recoil from the mirror vigor, and a number of explicit sex ists well-heeled and so many earn­ Brian Moore that Flaubert holds before them in scenes will ensure its commercial est students breathlessly titillated McClelland & Stewart, Ltd. his silly, romantic Emma Bovary success. In most of these, Sheila is in the last few years. $8.95, 277 pages and recognise how society ground dazzled both by Tom's expertise One must ask, though, whether down Tolstoy's Anna Karenina. and by his operational apparatus, Brian Moore really believes that Sheila Redden will not produce the the like of which neither she, nor great sex is equivalent to great same response because Moore has probably any of us, are likely to love, rather than an expression of by Dawn Amott simply not brought her to life. encounter outside Aubrey Beards­ it. There is more than a suggestion In the first place, the intellect­ ley's Lysistrata illustrations and in The Doctor's WHe, as there was Sheila Redden, the heroine of ual and emotional focus of the Mr. Moore's pages. in Mary Dunne, that, given a good Brian Moore's latest novel, The novel, the dilemma of a married. Come and worship, ladies. Read lay, a woman will soon forget all Doctor's WHe, is, as well as a and, what used to be, respectable about the transports of delight her little problems and cleave doctor's wife, the mother of 'a woman falling in love with a man that flow from Sheila's hitherto otherwise undemandingly to her teenage son, Irish, cultivated, ten years her junior whom she has pure chalice as a result of the lover. Such a view gives little travelling alone in Europe, a lap­ only known for two days, is not ex­ ministrations of Tom's much­ credit to women, or to sex, or to sed Catholic and almost six feet plored. The emphasis is on the vaunted - in every sense of the Brian Moore. tall. covering of physical distances, word - phallus. It all sounds The Doctor's WHe would be less Her husband Kevin, who'was whether by plane, phone, tele­ very much like a combination of disappointing if it had not been the supposed to accompany her on her graph or foot. machismo and the great female work of a man who, in the past, trip, is vastly relieved when his The book concerns action, not sexuality syndrome which has has demonstrated near-greatness medical duties justify his remain­ contemplation, and the actions are been keeping so many psycholog- as a writer. ing behind in troubled Belfast. often presented as a short cut, a That situation makes it possible substitute, for situation or char­ for Sheila to fall passionately and lt'allen housewives probably acter development and plain ex­ deeply in love with an American have a great deal in common, and position. The cause or nature of ten years younger but somewhat the adulterous housewives of lit­ Tom Lowry's love for Sheila is not MacNeil affirms taller. erature - with the notable ex­ divulged. It is supposedly enough The book ends with her working ception of that throbbing Earth­ that he flew from Paris to Ville­ in a dreary job, in a dreary Mother, Molly Bloom - can franche to find her. feminist spirit London, living in a dreary room, scarcely avoid being typecast. Except physically, the love af­ having abandoned both family and Their creativity, or implied cre­ fair neither waxes nor wanes, lover. Her course of action baffles ativity, has been bowed by the while the lover scurry hither and Buff coloured, with a wrap-around everyone involved - including matrimonial yoke. Their wretch­ thither trying to avoid confront­ cover, the attractive songbook the reader - except Sheila, who edly repetitive lives have been ations with husband Kevin and features the best of Rita's songs, shows little sign of intellectual spent oiling the wheels of the ve­ other exponents of social respect­ together with music and complete engagement at any time in the hicles of masculine advancement ability. When Sheila deserts her with guitar chord notation. book. If she thinks, she keeps it to with little reward. Such ladies, lover at the airport it is simply Photographs by ten ·women herself. It is unfortunate that and ladies they frequently are, are another action, unsupported by Brian Moore's heroines, as they photographers capture the ripe for a tumble from the pedestal evidence or justification. strength and vitality of Rita's theoretically become more cultiv­ into the hay. The book is certainly not dull. songs. ated and prosperous, become less Twentieth century women of Its lack of depth and subtlety is at interesting. Printed on a .sturdy, heavy~ impeccable virtue and great so- least partly offset by its pace and weight paper, Born a Woman is meant to be handled and enjoyed. When the songs are learned and sung, everyone has a chance to Middlewatch studies share the vision that Rita has so convincingly offered us in her lyrics and music. loneliness and fear The Women's Press is now International Women's Year offering Born a Woman at a new Middlewatch bed. He brings her to live with him very personal book. It will not may be over, but the songs of Rita discount price, for women's groups Susan Kerslake at the school, to the torror of the please everyone. It is a sensitive MacNeil are alive and well! only. The cost has been reduced Oberon Press (Ottawa) townsfolk, and slowly gains her and perceptive study of loneliness Through her songs of celebra­ from $5.95 to $3. 75, and with an 133 pages trust. It is an agonizing process and fear, and it iS slilllfully written. tion, anger and nostalgia, Rita additional discount to orders of 5 hardcover $8.95 but the man is peculiarly obsesseo But whether Middlewatch can MacNeil reaffirms the spirit of the copies or more, $3.50. All orders softcover $4.50 with Sibby and each effort she compete with the less demanding women's movement. The Rita must be pre-paid, and include a postage/handling charge of 25 . by Alice Brodie makes to communicate, however novels on the shelves today re­ MacNeil Songbook: Born a feeble, fills him with joy. mains to be seen. Woman, is a very special book. cents a copy. In a time when most analysis Although the plot is simple the comes ready made, it is refreshing characters are realistically com­ to read an entertaining book that plex. Jason is proud and strong, , doesn't slight the reader's powers yet at the same time he is selfish Gof interpretation. and insecure - denying his sister giraffe imports ltd. Susan Kerslake's first novel, the love he and his mother had fine african artifacts and hander arts ·Middlewatch, provides such an shared. He is disliked in the village opportunity. It skillfully reveals for his "strange ways" but he just enough about its characters to maintains enough rapport with the 'inake the reader think, and its townsfolk to sell his wool. haunting mood is achieved mainly Morgan, the teacher, is an out­ by what the author leaves untold. sider as well. He came to· the Middlewatch is a sensitive story small town from the city and hangings, rugs, spreads ... all lahout a young orphan girl who is hand made natural and makes only token attempts to colours raised in the wilderness of the mingle with his new neighbours. North by her brother. Sibby, "A Sibby is afraid but not defeated by cold white woman picked the name the strangeness of her life. She Sybil out of a ledger and put a suspects that there are such things Uttle bracelet on the baby girls as warmth and love but only when wrist", has only fleeting contact she meets Morgan are her sus­ with other people or with a world picions confirmed. baskets... for plants and ·-outside her own. lier brother, a11ractive wall decoration in Many questions ar left unans­ beautiful natural colours ,Jason, is a good provider but he wered. Who assaulted Sibby (and jewellry... in seashell, bone. seldom shows any emotion and for those with a morbid curiosity, glass, old sllvt!r and also whenever Sibby is lavished with in what way?) Was it Jason, or a the old trading beads ... bright ,affection by another person he gypsy from a nearby camp, or one and natural colours jealously lures her away. of the men she innocently sought The two children settle in a for friendship when Jason's silence makeshift cabin in the woods where ,grew too painful to bear? Why was Jason tends sheep. Sibby is plagu­ Morgan so obsessed with the girl? ed with loneliness and doubt as her Indeed, why did he come to teach brother draws within himself and in such an obscure little town? 527 sussex drive, ottawa, fails even to acknowledge her These puzzles encourage the read­ presence. er to look between the lines, One day a school teacher from although the narrative rests com­ the nearby village discovers the fortably on its own merits. girl naked, beaten and tied to her Middlewatch is ultimately a UpstrMa /13 Ms. Ishbel Marjoribanks Gordon by Alma Norman cause a girl need do nothing but been a rare and lovely partnership "come out". among equals; Each supported and lshbel Marjoribanks Gordon is Her relationship with her moth­ encouraged the endeavours of the better known as Lady Aberdeen, er was always tense and distant, other. Secure as a person in her founder and first president of the although she "worshipped the marriage, she was able to devote National Coaneil of Women. She. ground she walked on". It was her abilities to work with and for would have been indifferent, if not only late in her adult life that women as a whole. displeased, at the feminism im­ lshbel realized her mother loved Very much a woman of her time, plied by the label "Ms.", for Lady her. Lady Aberdeen had a strong sense Aberbeen was not what we would Indeed she always had difficulty of nobleue -0blige and deplored the call a feminist. Yet for her time establishing close rapport with fact that "many of the best people and in her way she was a forward women. withhold from what they feel is the looking woman whose achieve­ "My mother did not encourage contamination of politics" instead ment laid the groundwork for me to make friends with girls," she of coming forward "as a duty, later, more fundamental changes. wrote, "and though I knew several mixing with the working man, Born in 1857 to a family of well, they all told me of their fighting their battles, leading them wealth and distinction Ishbel soon affairs and I never seemed able to in the right way.'' learned what it meant to 'grow up speak to them about myself." It was a duty from which she did female.' She was the only daught­ This discomforting feeling re­ not shrink. Though the battles she er in a family of boys and was mained with her throughout her fought and the "right way" she led greatly concerned about her ap­ life. Although she was regarded as were never radical nor meant to pearance (although she was in face a leader among women, lshbel challenge the fundamental as­ a very handsome woman). herself was always more at ease sumptions of society. They did lay "Few would guess the miseries with men. Men were encouraged the groundwork for later, more of those years," she wrote, " .. the to develop wider interests, while basic changes. Moreover, her lead­ fear of always being wrong, the women limited their activities to ership encouraged women to or­ conviction that I was too naughty, social functions. ganize themselves and develop ugly and 'potatoe-nosed' to be Writing of her "coming out" their own programmes and stra­ cared for.'' dance, she said ... I did not find tegies. A bright child, she learned to where the wonderful attraction lay As early as 1888 she had ehlped read before the age of four. But in hopping around a room, talk­ organize the first conference of when she was discovered studying ing about the floor, the weather women workers. The three day mathematics with her brothers and suchlike.'' conference was a resounding suc­ washy". Her work in Canada had another her mother immediately put a stop cess, a fact noted with some When the National Council of facet of great importance to the to this "unsuitable" activity. In 1877 she married a man 10 surprise by the male press who Women was established in Canada thousands of women living in Later, when Ishbel was offered the years her senior, with whom she reported that it had been accom­ in 1894, it was natural that she be remote and isolated farms. The opportunity to study at Girton lived a rich and fulfilling life for plished "without the slightest as­ elected president because of her Lady Aberdeen Aaaociation for College, the newly-opened school over 50 years until his death in sistance from the sterner sex". undoubted ability as well as her Distribution of Literature to Set­ for women at Cambridge, her 1934. They had five children. The brief speeches were described position as wife of the Governor tlers in the West arranged, with father refused his permision be- Her marriage seems to have as "often racy, never wishy- General. the co-operation of the railways, the free distribution of parcels of books, papers and reading matter of all kinds to western settle­ ments. With this imaginative gesture 'A Canadian girl' ' on Organizing she earned the lasting gratitude of women who found such otherwise unavailable material a boon for ·These men tol

concern Logan says there is room for country races that took place at by Sandy Garland both. In interschoool games teams Vincent Massey Park last month. must be segregated. Logan says Other sports emphasized include integrated leagues should be or­ soccer, volleyball, basketball, ganized as well, not instead of, Physical education is alive and track and field, baseball and gym­ separate leagues. If all teams were well in public schools and improv­ nastics. Folk dancing, rhythmic mixed, they would soon become ing, though slowly, every year. exercises and jazz dancing are also weighted in favour of boys. Interviews with gym teachers and taught. Cardiovascular development is a principal in three Ottawa schools Munro would like to raise her also stressed at Fielding. Logan is showed programmes differ dras­ students' fitness levels as well as proud of the fact that most of her tically, but aims and philosophy teaching skills in sport. She is eur­ students can easily complete a 12 are similar. rently giving health and welfare minute run. She hopes to raise the Schools, in general, are re­ fitness tests to each child. running time to 16 minutes by sponding to increased public con­ Students are encouraged to use Christmas and to 20 by spring. cern over fitness by increasing the the exercises included to improve Cambridge school teaches kin­ amount of time children spend in their level at home or in the school dergarten to grade six. At this gym and by providing more and gym before or after school hours. level mo8t Ottawa schools do not better extracurricular pro-' The tests will be repeated in the have a phys: ed. specialist. Gym is grammes for those who are inter­ spring and crests are awarded to taught by the regular grade teach­ ested in team sports and gym­ those who have done well. er and all classes are mixed. Chil­ nastics. All three schools had act­ dren usually have two 30-minute · ivities before and after school and periods a week. at noon. This was increased to three this Integrated classes year. Principal Esdon is interested Although Munro thinks inte­ in increasing physical fitness in his Fitness levels grated gym classes would be a school. Last year he began a At Glashan, an intermediate good thing, Glashan does not have jogging programme with the chil­ school, Ms. Munro's goal is to the necessary facilities. She says dren at recess time. involve as many people as possible often both sexes feel cheated when There are opportunities for ex­ in physical development pro­ they have physical education to­ tra activities at Cambridge too. An grammes. The physical education gether. The boys miss out on athletic club meets at 8:30 am, a is organized to coincide with wrestling and the girls miss jazz floor hockey league plays at noon O.B.E. tournaments. Cross count­ dancing. hour and gymnastie equipment is ry running, for example, is started Competitiveness is high among well used. All of these are avail­ early in the year so that children the boys at Glashan. It is a school able for both boys' and girls. are ready for the annual cross that. has a reputation for winning Esdon says .a mixed 'P._rpgramine and winning is stre5$ed, often to is "highly desirabl~" bµt'"We still the extent that top athletes are on need boys vs. boys and girls vs. J\;'Veral teams while interested girls. boys who are not quite iJ.5 .skilled don't get to play at, an: The emphasis among girls' School''s role teams.tends to be more on playing It seems more children · are Sport Speculum and less on beating the other getting involved in all forms -pf team. physical education. But are they At Fielding Drive school (grades really? The average number of K to 8) all gym classes are inte­ hours per week spent in gym grated. Marilyn Logan, Pyhys. ed. classes is still only one to one and a teacher, believes this system· half. Abby Hoffman in A1>'8t by Amy Chouinard works very well. Having boys in Face, a report on women and What is a sport speculum? Well, this column's writers have liberally the class keeps the girls more in­ sports, recommends ao minutes a defined it as an instrument for viewing sport more clearly, although terested. There is a tendancy for day minimum. The extracurricular you may know it as a medical instrument for inspecting organs - ear girls to beeome more passive as activities are available but are speculum, nasal speculum, vaginal speculum, i:tc. Last month the focus they get older but this doesn't they being used? Probably not by was football and team _pla_y; this month, divin_g, and individual effort. happen in mixed classes. the children who really need them. Each class has both a male and Children in grades one to six, at D female instructor. All activities . the age when positive attitudes The lure of the diving board. It's very subtle and if a pool is crowded, are the same for boys and girls. towards fitness and physical act­ you may not feel it at all. But when the crowds have gone home and They learn football skills, soccer, ivity should be developed, are you've had your fill of swimming lengths, you may find you are being volleyball and gymnastics. being instructed, with few except­ drawn irresistably toward the diving board. Extracurricular activities play a ions, by teachers without special Don't resist; it's much simpler than you might think. big role at Fielding. The gym is in training. The key is concentration, and it begins approximately five normal use all day, every day. All grades Should the schools be respon­ steps from the end of the diving board. This is the point at which you are given the opportunity to use sible for raising the fitness levels start your approach. facilities outside of school hours. of our children? People interview­ What is an approach? It consists of three (or more) steps and a jump In-house leagues can be all boys, ed think they should. Are they called a hurdle: it serves the same purpose as an airplane's trip down all girls, or mixed. doing it? the runway. You build momentum with each step and "take off' with the hurdle. Your arms, shoulders, entire body should be thrown in to the liftoff. You should make a few dry runs before attempting a dive, but with ·practice, you can learn to take full advantage of the spring provided by Trip Kennedy the board. You will develop your own styJe, but you should try to enter your dive at the peak of the lift. Trip, Queensboro's full-time If you convert too soon, your legs will flop over as you enter the alderman for two years, has sup­ water, and you will end up about 10 feet away from the board. If you ported: wait too long, you won't be able to finish your dive and you may not improved daycare clear the board. But beginners tend to rush into dives, not to hold back. •the Centre Town Plan There are five basic dives: forward, back, reverse, inward, and controlling Ottawa's rate of twist; fancier dives are just combinations of these. Flips (somersaults) growth are extensions of any of the basic dives, because diving is a circular co-op and non-profit housing process. Most dives may be performed in one of three positions - direct community partici· ·tuck (fetal), pike (triangular, hands on ankles), or layout (prone). In pation in _decision-making ·diving competitions, the "degree of difficulty" of a dive includes the better public transit Trip Kennedy was an Ottawa high number and order of combination and the ~ition assumed. As a member of the city Ad­ school teacher until he resigned In In forward somersaults, tuck position is the simplest; in fact, it's so visory Committee on the Status 1974 to be a full-time alderman for simple, you may even see kids doing flips from the side of the pool, of Women he supports full im­ QueensborQ. He was a founding plementation of the Status of member of the Westboro Com­ although, without the lift from the diving board, they can never munity Association and its first straighten out before entering the water. Women Report at both city and regional councils. president, from 1972-1974. Trip And entry into the water is the last important element of diving. You lives on Tweedsmulr Avenue with should be eompletely straight, legs together, when you hit the water. Trip's Queensboro Ward Re­ his wife Susan and their two young port will be delivered door-to­ children. This is true whether you are going in head or feet first. In the former door before Nov. 30th. If you case, your arms should be outstretched above your head to break the are missed, call 729-9515 to get water and lessen the impact on your head. In the latter case, arms a copy. should be at our sides. Queensboro u,.....115. Schools segregate sports At that time, girls wanted to and that these sports can be totally by Amy Chouinard participate in tackle football. The integrated throughout school The way to integrate girls into league executive sought medical years. She also concluded that· boys' competitive cport teams is to and legal counsel, finding no phy­ team effort could be inforporated test the legality of their exclusion siological or legal basis for exclud­ into these sports with a little imag­ and of absolute segregation, ac­ ing girls from competition. ination. cording to Gerry Trudel, Ottawa Trudel called on the Status of However, Trudel argued that Board of Education (QBE) trustee. Women Council or other women's before adolescence, boys and girls In a recent soccer tournament, rights pressure groups to pursue are not all that different in terms of organized by the Ottawa Public the matter further. With or with­ grace and strength. Schools' Athletic Association out such legal action, according to (OPSAA), Marion Black, of Glash­ Trudel, the policy could be changed an Public School's soccer team, was through pressure from the parents' benched. Black was expelled from advisory council to the board. Ski Marathon competition by Hubert Sargeant, League officials have encourag­ . OBE physical education consult­ ed member schools to set up house organizes cross- ant, in compliance with a board leagues within their schools, which regulation which stipulates girls are not governed by OPSSA reg­ shall play with girls and boys shall ulations. Therefore, many exiSting country event house leagues have co-education ·play with boys. by Beth Glassford OPSAA president Gladys Walk­ teams. Walker argued that such er said the policy is "historical", but teams maximize use. of expensive The Canadian Ski Marathon is claims things are changing. To en­ facilities and participation. organizing a special 50 kilometer trench that change, Walker is Further, Walker said, "Because cross country event on January seeking members to propose a con­ of diminishing numbers of children 30, 1977. The event will be timed stitutional change, to be followed in schools, often there are not and prizes will be awarped. by an experimental desegregation. enough members of each sex to run While applications for the Mara­ Trudel insisted changes could be bona fide (segregated) house thon itself are rapidly approaching instituted more quickly. A member leagues." the cut off mark, entries for the 50 of the board's status of women Walker'!! reservations about in­ km event will be accepted until committee, Trudel pointed to a tegrated competitive sport teams January a or until 1000 are receiv­ legal investigation undertaken by ineluded male comination of coach­ ed. Participants are expected to be the North East Ontario Amateur ing positions resulting in fewer role able to finish the course. Football Association (NEAFA) two mooels for female athletes, and the For more information contract years ago in the Ottawa area. 'dominance in skills by one sex or the Canadian Ski Marathon office another in a given sport. at (613) 2a6-3342 or P.O. Box 315, • Trudel added boys and girls Ottawa, Ontario KlN 8V3. should be acquiring skills in life­ Susan Sharp, a CSM staffer, Phys e~ courses expand time sports like fencing, golf, says "We really want women to tennis and cross country skiing, take part in this event." by Beth 61au1on1 Principal McCarthy also desired expensive boys' leagues should be At least two high schools in the compulso"" programs for econ­ cut to fund them. Both Hannon Ottawa area are sati.9fied with the omic reasons. Unless physical ed­ and Jean MacEwan, a grade ten phy$ical education programs offer­ ucation were a compulsory course, Ridgemont student, opposed such ed their female students. aceording to McCarthy, expensive an evening out procel!S. Hannon Both Ridgemont in the Ottawa facilities would not be used to their felt that if 30 boys wanted to play Board of Education and Gloucester maximum capacity. football they should have the op­ under the Carleton Board agree on Although "f~rcing ~ple~t.o,..do ' portunity to do it. Principal Robil­ the direction ·of their physlw something"" was not entirely' ac­ lard felt one team shouldn't be cut education programs: to expose ceptable to Gloucester's vice-prin­ to make room for another. the students to as many sports and cipal E.T. Robillard, he said Instructor Bonisteel said she activities as possible, and to teach "Phys. ed. is valuable and no one would be happy to see expensive positive attitudes toward exercise should miss it." sports like football cut, but wanted and diet. Robillard suggested that co-ed­ savings re-invested in physical ed­ Margaret 'Little, a physical ed­ ucational classes might make ucation and intramural programs, ucation instructor at Gloucester, physical education' classes more rather than in further intersehool may have summed it up best when attractive, and Gloucester student competition. McCarthy predicted she said, "I'm happy if they learn Tish Hannon agreed. "Working the disappearance of costly sports, enough skills, at volleyball for ex­ with guys can give a wider variety and the expansion of those sports ample, to be able to enjoy a game iety - they play a different programs requiring little funding and play it confidently." game," Hannon said. She added or equipment. Ontario curriculum require­ that co-ed classes could tend to McCarthy continued, "I would ments do not require physical discourage girls not skilled in any hate to see (interschool) sports edur.,tfon to be taught, an_d few given sport. disapppear, but I think (they) will ...... schools offer any courses m the McCarthy pointed out girls' be vastly curtailed. It's just too field for the senior students. superior skills in some sports, and expensive." Robillard expressed a ,, . Gloucester and Ridgemont fol­ sugggested the less-skilled of both desire for prominence for intra­ .. .. low that model, but participation sexes might be discouraged by mural sports, because they allow rates in the two schools for grades co-ed classes. more students to participate for nine to twelve inclusive indicate a Assuming girls do have more the same investment. good proportion of students, male 'natural talent' for certain activ­ Arguing for interschool compet­ . and female, opt for physical ed­ ities, they haven't had much op­ ition, Little pointed out this pro- ucation course$ voluntarily. At portunity to display it in )Ji.st gram allows more skilled athletes Gloucester, 58% of the ~ls and year's Ottawa Board 9Jterschool to participate at a more sophis- 6.'}% of the boys are enrolled in the leagues. Exclusive participation in ticated level than intramural com- S C course; at Ridgemont the figures any sport by girls was limited to petition could provide. Both teach- ports alendar are 70% and 76% respectively. one activity - cheerleading. ers and administrators agreed the As well as physical education On the other hand, boys partic­ school has some responsibility to ______courses, including health instruc­ ipated in six sports where compet­ the more skilled athletes. tion, the departments at both ition was not available to girls - Instructor Bonisteel said, "It's Ottawa Ladies Volleyball League Ottawa District Ladies Hockey League schools offer" students intramural football, soccer, wrestling, hock- something individual physical ~~ Dec6 Six games -Merivale HS 8:00 and interscholastic competition in . ey, rugger, and golf. ucat1on teachers and coaches do. D E' ht am s _ Algonqum' Dec 4 Capitalettes vs. Kemptville various !'!ports. Ridgemont princi­ Total numbers of participants in Administrator Robillard agreed ec 8 ig g e Kemptville Arena 7 :00 pal, W.J. McCarthy, said the phy­ Ottawa Board interschool compet­ · . Lees Avenue 7:00 that there is an ?bligation to Dec Two games _ Merivale HS Dec 5 Demptville vs. Cardinals sfoai education program, including ition show 5, 133 boys involved, to 13 Lions Arena 9:30 support and steer skilled athletes. 8:00 competitive programs, is at the 3,547 girls. The apparent dichot­ Dec 7 Cardinals vs. Capitalettes center of school spirit. Adminis­ omy dwindles, however, when Dec 15 Three games - Algonquin Lions Arena 9:30 trators and physical educators at figures were computed for only Lees Avenue 7 :00 both schools, however, expressed the 11 sports in which both boys Sport~ Dec 8 Capitalettes vs. Bayshore some concern at the 30 to 40 per and girls competed. In these Curling Marine - March Arena 8:00 cent of students who do not par- sports, girls comprised 47 per cent Dec 7 Ottawa Curling Club Ladies Dec 11 Bayshore Marine vs. ticipate. of the total number of competitors. Directory Invitational Kemptville -Kemptville Arena 7 :00 · Dec 12 Bayshore Marine vs. Car­ Ridgemont physical education Despite an apparently equa.I in­ Ladies Metro Curling LMgUe instructor Donna Donisteel recom­ terest in sport, fewer sports con­ Th.e National Capital Region dinals - Lions Arena 9:30 mended compulsory programs, at tinued to be offered to girls, be­ Amateur Sports Council recently Dec 3, 10 & 17 Curl-o-Drome 9:30 Dec16 Kemptvillevs. Capitalettes least through to ninth grade, ex­ cause money and coaching are not published a •ports directory, am Nepean Sportsplex 9:0 plaining that students who had allocated to them, according to lists 36 which sports, their govern­ Varsity Basketball. Dec 18 Cardinals vs. Kemptville been turned off physical education Bonisteel. ing bodies and contacts in the Kemptville Arena 7 :00 at the public school level might While the school board has not national capital region. Copies are Dec 4·5 University of Ottawa In­ never opt for the co~e at the been forthcoming with greater available upon request from Bob vitational Tournament (Hamilton, coordinated by Bet/& Glauford high school level unless it was re- funding for girls' sports, female Simpson, executive director, St. Mary's, John Abbott, Ottawa) "4-1170 quired. students interviewed did not feel 729-5131. 16/ Upstream A teacher who enjoys her job "I feel that I've really done something" . "Most jobs designnted as "women's work" stress either the beauty WHAT ARE WAGES AND BENEFITS eer, and consequently few opportunities .image, such as actre~s, model, secretary or the servant image in jobs of LIKE IN THE TEACHING PRO• for a career are afforded to them. ... The nurse, teacher, social worker... Both these conceptions of women FESSION? belief that women do not want careers then emphasize ~ehaviour that is dependcent, "other oriented", passive and becomes a reality·. Women perpetuate the I make about $11,000 a year. I like to be non_-~serfwe. ~~ these behavioural rol,es are reinforced in the prophecy because they can see few rol,e socialization ~ociety imposes from childhood, a self-ful/illing prophecy at the school by eight in the morning and I models of women who have successfully deve.lops. Chikl;ren are rear~d to behave as the stereotype requires. " usually stay until five at night, plus I work achieved or managed a career combUied (Dian Cohen, 'The Professional Working Women", To See Ourselves)· at home and on the weekend from early with motherhood. morning until around noon. In teaching The Professional Working Woman by Jane Whitelaw ~hat'sonethingthat's very fair. The salary IS the same for everyone with the same . The benefits include a dental plan, group Even in the professional occupations I think teaching is an interesting career. experience, although I think men tend tp msurance and adequate sick leave. They female concentration of job ghettoization In the future I can see myself specializing become principals and vice-principals more can. let you go twice a year, giving you occurs. In 1971 there were 458,685 women in an area like special education, that's the than women. ' notice November 30th for December 31st in the Canadian labour force, 60% of co?rse I'm taking now, and working with That could be because they want the and May 31st for June 30th. All the whom were in three professional,groups: children who have leaning disabilities or position of authority but they may do it to teachers belong to the Teacher's Assoc­ school teachers and instructors, graduate are mentally retarded, and then moving make money for their families. A lot of iation. Each school has a representative nurses, and nurses-in-training. Only 2% on to another situation. women teachers have husbands who work who negotiates with the board for salary of all professional males were to be found and leave, but I don't know how much in these gr~mps. input they have. They do have women high 176,105 of these women were in the up in their executive. teaching profession, yet they still did not WHAT IS THE MALE/FEMALE RATIO fill the top level jobs. AND AVERAGE AGE OF TEACHERS According to Zuker and Callwood in Tbe AT YOUR SCHOOL? Law is Not fer Women there were 463 women principals in Ontario in 1970. In At 24 I'm the youngest teacher there. 1974 there were only 280 women princi­ The other teachers are in· their late pals. and of these only nine were among thirties and forties. We have ~Ix women the 600 principals of the more prestigious te~ch~rs and two men. One man is the and better paying high schools. principal and the other is the vice-principal Eileen is an elementary school teacher They both teach, though, which isn·t usual. in Ottawa. She is a resource teacher for Last year the grade one teacher was a nine children in the morning and in the man. I think it's good to get men into the afternoon she teaches a mixed grade three primary area. Male and female team and four. ,teaching in a kindergarten area would be D interesting. "In the morning I have nine kids DO THE CHILDREN RESPOND altog~ther. The first two need help in DIFFERENTLY TO MALE AND spelling and reading comprehension. FEMALE TEACHERS IN MATI'ERS OF They're atthe level of very factual things, DISCIPLINE? otherwise they can't cope. They have no I think the type of discipline depends on problem-solving skills. the person more than whether they're The next group of four is in a program male or female. Last year one parent told for poor readers. It is really pro~ammed. me his son failed because I was a female There's no time for creativity hut then I and he needed a male. I told him he could guess there can't be creativitiy Jf you don't try the test with the man across the hall ii have the skills. The look on this one boy's he thought he could do better. The male face when he makes a mistake really gets teacher really played qn it too which made to me. I have to correct him but I don't me angry. I don't think he would have done want to discourage him. any better with a man. In my regular class he always has his hand up to read. I don't know what to do. HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT TEACH­ You have to ask him sometimes. Either ING NOW? he's a real masochist or else he's thinking I find teaching satisfying. I enjoy my job. this time he's really got it right! I enjoy it more maybe because I had a job at· After recess I have a girl from Lebanon. Statistics Canada once. It was just working When she came she spoke .almost no with numbers. There was no meaning to it. English. The New Canadian classes were You never hd any work to do at night or on filled to capacity and I guess it would the weekends but during the day you went defeat the purpose if they were over­ bananas! Now it's the other way around. crowded. The first day I took her through You're active all day but you're also busy at the schoolyard and had her repeat simple night and on weekends. things, sand, tree - she's very bright. I You're at your job so long you have to do think by the end of the year she should be A teacher's job isn't perfect, but it's pretty good. something you enjoy. at her grade level. Of the parents - well - you have Today we looked through a magazine pa1·ents think you're God. You can do no and she asked me the questions. Now I I have no desire to be a principal or a· so there's not as much pressure for a higli wrong with their kid and that's sort of know how she's felt because she didn't superintendent. Most principals really salary. scary too. always know the words so I couldn't lose contact with the kids. To me, being in Note: Approximately 43% of working always understand what she was asking the classroom is more interesting than women must work to support themselves. I feel good at the end of the day. I feel me. I really like to be with her because ordering books and going to meetings. I In 1974 50% of working wives had that I've done something. You just watch she's smart and always, something new wouldn't want to be the one to tell people husbands earning under $8,000 per year. them grow. You can see progress. pops up. She's doing well, and if I tell her, they were losing their jobs. "You're out on Often the working wife's income is the sole It can be frustrating sometimes. You get she gets this big smile on her faee ... your ear lady!" I'd probably lie and say family income because her husband is a kids whose personality and yours don't hit Next I have two boys for a word-attack "Oh that's not bad" even if her teaching student, an invalid, or unemployed. it off. You have to try not to let personality skills program. You're really busy while was terrible! The Law is Not for Women influence yqu. Last year I had a really good you're there but there's not a lot of You can make a fair salary if you've been student. She could do everything and it preparation. It's all laid out for you. You I can't see going back for my Masters. Now I'd like to take some interest counes, teaching a number of years. You get an was hard not to ask her to do everything know you're not going to make mistakes automatic raise every year and a pro­ because you k;new it would be done and that's good for a reading program yoga, carpentry - something to develop motion by going back to school. That properly. You have to let the poorer kids do because somewhere· along the line some­ you as a person. I'm really glad I'm out of the pressure of exams. I always worried brings you up levels. That· has nothing to things or they'll never learn. one has made mistakes, otherwise they do with whether you're male or female but You try everything you can think of to wouldn't be here. too much. I say, well. there's not much if as I -said before, more males do get teach them. Soon you say - what's In the afternoon I have the grade three point in my getting a Masters or a PhD. I'm going to stop for a few years to have a promoted. Before you get a permanent wrong? Maybe it's because I'm not exper­ and four for language, art, music, physical certificate the principal writes a report on ienced enough - but some days the kids education, and science. I spend so much family. This sounds awful I guess but the only other career I want is motherhood. you. The principal I had last year wasn't aren't paying attention and that could be time on the basics there isn't much time around the school very much. He gave me the problem that day. That's really irritat­ for activity centres. I think I work them Most people don't think of it as a career but I think it is if you do it properly. an A hut I wonder if the principal I have ing. But it's like that in any job. I don't harder now that I have two grades. I now knows what that means. It's all very think any job is perfect but this is a pretty guess I think they'd waste time if I left subjective. good job. them on their own. I'd like to be in a "Since women often receive litti,e mo­ It's funny when you come back and they tivation or incentive to pursue a career, If a woman is pushy enough, if she wants bigger classroom but not in an open area. a promotion badly enough she can get it but tell you about the supply teachers. Ohl They In the morning I teach in the library and they frequently use marriage or mater­ tell me everything they say and do. When I nity as excuaes for abandoning it. This a lot of women just aren't that ambitious. It as soon as I think there's someone there I depends on how good a principal you want come back and they say - boy· did we find it hard to talk. It makes me nervous." practice again perpetuates the self-fu/fill­ work! - I keep .that one in mind! ing prophecy that women really wovid to be - a 9 to 5 principal or one who D devotes everything. I want to have a job HOW DID YOU DECIDE ON TEACH­ rather remain at home than pursue a Eileen is one of the rare lucky ones who career. Society does not even acknow­ and a family. For me it wouldn't be worth it ING AS A CAREER? to give up that much of my time. is doing what she always wanted to do. I always wanted to be a teacher. I really ledge that being a wife and mother is in Unfortunately, for every Eileen there are did. I guess because I always liked school. i.Uelf a career. " Because of society's definition of work as a ten others who got into teaching because I was a fairly good student and I had a lot "The Professional Working Woman" masculine pursuit, few women seek or they didn't want to be nurses and - of teachers I liked. adequately prepare for a meaningful car- "what else is there for women to do?"