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Pamela D. Pollack,Meg Belviso | 112 pages | 01 Jan 2015 | Grosset and Dunlap | 9780448479675 | English | New York, United States Charles Dickens | Biography, Books, Characters, Facts, & Analysis | Britannica

In he began submitting them to a magazine, The Monthly. He would later recall how he submitted his first manuscript, which he said was "dropped stealthily one evening at twilight, with fear and trembling, into a dark letter box, in a dark office, up a dark court in Fleet Street. When the sketch he'd written, titled "A Dinner at Poplar Walk," appeared in print, Dickens was overjoyed. The sketch appeared with no byline, but soon he began publishing items under the pen name "Boz. The witty and insightful articles Dickens wrote became popular, and he was eventually given the chance to collect them in a book. Buoyed by the success of his first book, he married Catherine Hogarth, the daughter of a newspaper editor. He settled into a new life as a family man and an author. Dickens was also approached to write the text to accompany a set of illustrations, and that project turned into his first novel, "," which was published in installments from to This book was followed by "," which appeared in Dickens became amazingly productive. In addition to these novels, Dickens was turning out a steady stream of articles for magazines. His work was incredibly popular. Dickens was able to create remarkable characters, and his writing often combined comic touches with tragic elements. His empathy for working people and for those caught in unfortunate circumstances made readers feel a bond with him. As his novels appeared in serial form, the reading public was often gripped with anticipation. The popularity of Dickens spread to America, and there were stories told about how Americans would greet British ships at the docks in New York to find out what had happened next in Dickens' latest novel. Capitalizing on his international fame, Dickens visited the United States in when he was 30 years old. The American public was eager to greet him, and he was treated to banquets and celebrations during his travels. There was talk of him visiting the South, but as he was horrified by the idea of enslavement he never went south of Virginia. Upon returning to England, Dickens wrote an account of his American travels which offended many Americans. In , Dickens wrote another novel, ". He addressed a gathering of workers, and later he took a long walk and began to think about writing a Christmas book that would be a protest against the profound economic inequality he saw in Victorian England. He died of a stroke in He is buried at Westminster Abbey. Search term:. Read more. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets CSS enabled. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets CSS if you are able to do so. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. Find out more about page archiving. She was ill. Dickens would relive this sad incident in his life while writing . He was traumatized by the death of Little Nell in that novel. Charles and Catherine traveled to America in While on tour Dickens often spoke of the need for an international copyright agreement. The lack of such an agreement enabled his books to be published in the United States without his permission and without any royalties being paid. Dickens was horrified by slavery, appalled by the common use of spitting tobacco and indignant about his treatment by the press. His feelings came out in and later in . Sketch of Charles Dickens in Small image on the bottom left is his sister, Fanny. Georgina helped with the children and the house. She remained part of the Dickens household until the death of her brother-in-law. In a letter to his friend, Miss Coutts, he described what he saw at the school:. I have very seldom seen, in all the strange and dreadful things I have seen in and elsewhere anything so shocking as the dire neglect of soul and body exhibited in these children. And although I know; and am as sure as it is possible for one to be of anything which has not happened; that in the prodigious misery and ignorance of the swarming masses of mankind in England, the seeds of its certain ruin are sown. It was published on December 19, Publication of began in , the father of Charles Dickens, died in March. Catherine Dickens suffered a nervous collapse. Later Dora Dickens , the youngest daughter of Charles and Catherine, died when she was only eight months old. There were also bright spots in It was the year that Dickens moved into . He would own the home for the rest of his life. The back row from left to right is; H. Seated are C. Collins and . Dickens had already become disenchanted with his wife. It is not only that she makes me uneasy and unhappy, but that I make her so too—and much more so. Meeting Ellen stressed the differences between the marriage Dickens had and the relationship that he wanted. Later in Charles and Catherine took separate bedrooms. In they legally separated. In Charles Dickens began giving professional readings. The readings were a combination of oratory and passionate acting. 18 Facts About Charles Dickens | Mental Floss

His coming to manhood in the reformist s, and particularly his working on the Liberal Benthamite Morning Chronicle —36 , greatly affected his political outlook. Another influential event now was his rejection as suitor to Maria Beadnell because his family and prospects were unsatisfactory; his hopes of gaining and chagrin at losing her sharpened his determination to succeed. Much drawn to the theatre , Dickens nearly became a professional actor in The same month, he was invited to provide a comic serial narrative to accompany engravings by a well-known artist; seven weeks later the first installment of The Pickwick Papers appeared. Within a few months Pickwick was the rage and Dickens the most popular author of the day. Thus, he had two serial installments to write every month. Already the first of his nine surviving children had been born; he had married in April Catherine, eldest daughter of a respected Scottish journalist and man of letters, George Hogarth. For several years his life continued at this intensity. Finding serialization congenial and profitable, he repeated the Pickwick pattern of 20 monthly parts in —39 ; then he experimented with shorter weekly installments for The Old Curiosity Shop —41 and Barnaby Rudge Exhausted at last, he then took a five-month vacation in America, touring strenuously and receiving quasi-royal honours as a literary celebrity but offending national sensibilities by protesting against the absence of copyright protection. Some of these feelings appear in American Notes and Martin Chuzzlewit — His writing during these prolific years was remarkably various and, except for his plays, resourceful. Pickwick began as high- spirited farce and contained many conventional comic butts and traditional jokes; like other early works, it was manifestly indebted to the contemporary theatre, the 18th-century English novelists, and a few foreign classics, notably Don Quixote. But, besides giving new life to old stereotypes , Pickwick displayed, if sometimes in embryo, many of the features that were to be blended in varying proportions throughout his fiction: attacks, satirical or denunciatory, on social evils and inadequate institutions; topical references; an encyclopaedic knowledge of London always his predominant fictional locale ; pathos; a vein of the macabre; a delight in the demotic joys of Christmas ; a pervasive spirit of benevolence and geniality; inexhaustible powers of character creation; a wonderful ear for characteristic speech, often imaginatively heightened; a strong narrative impulse; and a prose style that, if here overdependent on a few comic mannerisms, was highly individual and inventive. Rapidly improvised and written only weeks or days ahead of its serial publication, Pickwick contains weak and jejune passages and is an unsatisfactory whole—partly because Dickens was rapidly developing his craft as a novelist while writing and publishing it. What is remarkable is that a first novel, written in such circumstances, not only established him overnight and created a new tradition of popular literature but also survived, despite its crudities, as one of the best-known novels in the world. His self-assurance and artistic ambitiousness appeared in Oliver Twist , where he rejected the temptation to repeat the successful Pickwick formula. Browne ] for most of the other novels until the s. The currency of his fiction owed much, too, to its being so easy to adapt into effective stage versions. Sometimes 20 London theatres simultaneously were producing adaptations of his latest story, so even nonreaders became acquainted with simplified versions of his works. The theatre was often a subject of his fiction, too, as in the Crummles troupe in Nicholas Nickleby. This novel reverted to the Pickwick shape and atmosphere, though the indictment of the brutal Yorkshire schools Dotheboys Hall continued the important innovation in English fiction seen in Oliver Twist —the spectacle of the lost or oppressed child as an occasion for pathos and social criticism. Like his later attempt in this kind, , it was set in the late 18th century and presented with great vigour and understanding and some ambivalence of attitude the spectacle of large-scale mob violence. Its American episodes had, however, been unpremeditated he suddenly decided to boost the disappointing sales by some America-baiting and to revenge himself against insults and injuries from the American press. Article Contents. Print print Print. Table Of Contents. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. — may be regarded as Dickens's greatest novel. In it he portrays the conditions of England as he saw it, and the conflict between the world's harshness and human values in its most impressive artistic form. In this period Dickens also began to give public readings from his novels, which became even more popular than his lectures. Besides publishing this novel in the newly founded , Dickens also published seventeen articles, which appeared as a book in entitled The Uncommercial Traveller. Dickens's next novel, — , is regarded by some as his most perfectly executed work of art. It is a story of a young man's moral development from childhood to adult life. Three years later he produced , which provides an insight of how he viewed London. For several years Dickens's health declined. He never fully recovered from a railroad accident in He tired himself out by continuing to travel throughout the British Isles and America to read before audiences. He gave a final series of readings in London that began in Dickens died of a fatal stroke on June 9, , leaving the novel, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, unfinished. The day of his burial was made a day of national mourning in England. Chesterton, G. Charles Dickens. London: Hodder and Stoughton, Reprint, London: Burns and Oates, Epstein, Norrie. New York: Viking, Marcus, Steven. Dickens: From Pickwick to Dombey. New York: Basic Books, Sirabian, Robert. Charles Dickens: Life, Work, and Criticism. Toronto: York Press, Smiley, Jane. Toggle navigation. First major novels After a year abroad in Italy and writing , Dickens published installments of Dombey and Son, which continued till Later works In this period Dickens also began to give public readings from his novels, which became even more popular than his lectures. For More Information Chesterton, G. User Contributions: 1. What are some of Charles Dickens great great grandsons? Are they still living? Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic: Name:. E-mail: Show my email publicly. Human Verification:. Public Comment: characters. Send comment. Other articles you might like:. Follow City-Data. Tweets by LechMazur. Charles Dickens Info - The Life and Work of Charles Dickens

Like many others, he began his literary career as a journalist. Then in he became parliamentary journalist for The Morning Chronicle. With new contacts in the press he was able to publish a series of sketches under the pseudonym 'Boz'. Within the same month came the publication of the highly successful 'Pickwick Papers', and from that point on there was no looking back for Dickens. As well as a huge list of novels he published autobiography, edited weekly periodicals including '' and 'All Year Round', wrote travel books and administered charitable organisations. He was also a theatre enthusiast, wrote plays and performed before Queen Victoria in His energy was inexhaustible and he spent much time abroad - for example lecturing against slavery in the United States and touring Italy with companions Augustus Egg and Wilkie Collins, a contemporary writer who inspired Dickens' final unfinished novel 'The Mystery of Edwin Drood'. He was estranged from his wife in after the birth of their ten children, but maintained relations with his mistress, the actress . He died of a stroke in Dickens rushed to his aid. Dickens helped his friend via the use of mesmerism. Featured Novel — . Where do the X-Files and literature combine? Bleak House! This novel has the odd distinction of being perhaps the only work of classic literature featuring a character that dies by spontaneous combustion. Are you mulling over a yes or no question? Then you've come to the right place. Ebenezer Scrooge is here to help! Dickens initially had a positive assessment of the Inuit. The earlier Dickens, writing in "Our Phantom Ship on an Antediluvian Cruise", wrote of the Inuit as "gentle loving savages", but after The Times published a report by John Rae of the Inuit discovery of the remains of the lost Franklin expedition with evidence that the crew resorted to cannibalism , Dickens reversed his stand. Dickens, in addition to Franklin's widow, refused to accept the report and accused the Inuit of being liars, getting involved on Lady Franklin's side in an extended conflict with John Rae over the exact cause of the demise of the expedition. Lady Franklin wrote that the white Englishman could do no wrong exploring the wilderness and was considered able to "survive anywhere" and "to triumph over any adversity through faith, scientific objectivity, and superior spirit. In "The Lost Arctic Voyagers", he wrote "It is impossible to form an estimate of the character of any race of savages from their deferential behaviour to the white man while he is strong. The mistake has been made again and again; and the moment the white man has appeared in the new aspect of being weaker than the savage, the savage has changed and sprung upon him. Rae defended the Inuit as "a bright example to civilized people" and compared them favourably to the undisciplined crew of Franklin. Keal writes that Rae was no match for "Dickens the story teller", one of Lady Franklin's "powerful friends", [37] to the English he was a Scot who wasn't "pledged to the patriotic, empire-building aims of the military. Modern historians have vindicated Rae's belief that the Franklin crew resorted to cannibalism, [39] [40] having already been decimated by scurvy and starvation; furthermore they were poorly prepared for wilderness survival, contrary to Lady Hamilton's prejudices. In the play the Rae character was turned into a suspicious, power-hungry nursemaid, who predicted the expedition's doom in her effort to ruin the happiness of the delicate heroine. During the filming of the Canadian documentary Passage , Gerald Dickens , Charles' great-great grandson was introduced to explain "why such a great champion of the underdog had sided with the establishment". Dickens' insult of the Inuit was a hurt they carried from generation to generation, Tagak Curley an Inuit statesman said to Gerald, "Your grandfather insulted my people. We have had to live with the pain of this for years. This really harmed my people and is still harming them". Orkney historian Tom Muir is reported to have described Curley as "furious" and "properly upset". Gerald then apologised on behalf of the , which Curley accepted on behalf of the Inuit people. Muir describes this as a "historic moment". From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Charles Dickens: Racism and anti-Semitism. See also: Fagin. Oxford Encyclopedia of English Literature, vol 1. Oxford University Press. Dickens in Context. Cambridge University Press. Harper Collins. A Companion to the Victorian Novel. Penguin Lives: Charles Dickens. Sydney University Press. The Dickens industry: critical perspectives — Camden House. Prasch; Falguni A. Sheth Race, Liberalism, and Economics. University of Michigan Press. The Independent. London: Independent Print Limited. The Jews in Australia. Cambridge University Press, , p. The Scriptures of Charles Dickens. La Scena Musicale. Retrieved 14 March Jewish Virtual Library. All About Jewish Theatre. Archived from the original on 6 June London: Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 31 March Wired 7. Retrieved 12 July The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 11 March Jewish News of Greater Phoenix. Archived from the original on 27 January The Guardian , London. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Retrieved 21 November Moore speculates that Dickens, although himself an abolitionist, was motivated by a wish to differentiate himself from what he believed was the feminine sentimentality and bad writing of Harriet Beecher Stowe , with whom he, as a reformist writer, was often associated.

Racism in the work of Charles Dickens - Wikipedia

By his late teens, he had learned stenography and landed a job as a reporter in the London courts. By the early s , he was reporting for two London newspapers. Dickens aspired to break away from newspapers and become an independent writer, and he began writing sketches of life in London. In he began submitting them to a magazine, The Monthly. He would later recall how he submitted his first manuscript, which he said was "dropped stealthily one evening at twilight, with fear and trembling, into a dark letter box, in a dark office, up a dark court in Fleet Street. When the sketch he'd written, titled "A Dinner at Poplar Walk," appeared in print, Dickens was overjoyed. The sketch appeared with no byline, but soon he began publishing items under the pen name "Boz. The witty and insightful articles Dickens wrote became popular, and he was eventually given the chance to collect them in a book. Buoyed by the success of his first book, he married Catherine Hogarth, the daughter of a newspaper editor. He settled into a new life as a family man and an author. Dickens was also approached to write the text to accompany a set of illustrations, and that project turned into his first novel, "The Pickwick Papers," which was published in installments from to This book was followed by "Oliver Twist," which appeared in Dickens became amazingly productive. In addition to these novels, Dickens was turning out a steady stream of articles for magazines. His work was incredibly popular. Dickens was able to create remarkable characters, and his writing often combined comic touches with tragic elements. His empathy for working people and for those caught in unfortunate circumstances made readers feel a bond with him. As his novels appeared in serial form, the reading public was often gripped with anticipation. The popularity of Dickens spread to America, and there were stories told about how Americans would greet British ships at the docks in New York to find out what had happened next in Dickens' latest novel. Capitalizing on his international fame, Dickens visited the United States in when he was 30 years old. The American public was eager to greet him, and he was treated to banquets and celebrations during his travels. There was talk of him visiting the South, but as he was horrified by the idea of enslavement he never went south of Virginia. Dickens views them as a "racially repellent" group. Authors Sally Ledger and Holly Furneaux, in their book Dickens in Context examine this puzzle as to how one can square away Dickens' racialism with concern with the poor and the downcast. They argue this can be explained by saying that Dickens was a nativist and "cultural chauvinist" in the sense of being highly ethnocentric and ready to justify British imperialism, but not a racist in the sense of being a "biological determinist" as was the anthropologist Robert Knox. That is, Dickens did not regard the behaviour of races to be "fixed"; rather his appeal to "civilization" suggests not biological fixity but the possibility of alteration. However, "Dickens's views of racial others, most fully developed in his short fiction, indicate that for him 'savages' functioned as a handy foil against which British national identity could emerge. The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature similarly notes that while Dickens praised middle-class values,. Dickens's militancy about this catalog of virtues had nationalistic implications, since he praised these middle-class moral ideals as English national values. Conversely, he often stigmatized foreign cultures as lacking in these middle-class ideas, representing French, Italian, and American characters, in particular, as slothful and deceitful. His attitudes toward colonized peoples sometimes took these moral aspersions to genocidal extremes. In the wake of the so-called Indian Mutiny of , he wrote, "I should do my utmost to exterminate the Race upon whom the stain of the late cruelties rested And he excoriated what he saw as English national vices William Oddie argues that Dickens's racism "grew progressively more illiberal over the course of his career," particularly after the Indian rebellion. In speaking on the controversy, Dickens' attacked "that platform sympathy with the black- or the native or the Devil.. In an essay on George Eliot , K. Newton writes:. Most of the major writers in the Victorian period can be seen as racist to a greater or lesser degree. According to Edward Said, even Marx and Mill are not immune: 'both of them seemed to have believed that such ideas as liberty, representative government, and individual happiness must not be applied to the Orient for reasons that today we would call racist'. In many of these writers antisemitism was the most obvious form of racism, and this continued beyond the Victorian period, as is evident in such figures as T. Eliot and Virginia Woolf. One of the best known instances of racism is Dickens's portrait of Fagin in his early novel, Oliver Twist , first published in serial form between and This portrayal has been seen by many as deeply antisemitic, though others such as Dickens's biographer G. Chesterton have argued against this view. The novel refers to Fagin times in the first 38 chapters as "the Jew", while the ethnicity or religion of the other characters is rarely mentioned. Fagin is also seen as one who seduces young children into a life of crime, and as one who can "disorder representational boundaries". In , The Jewish Chronicle asked why "Jews alone should be excluded from the 'sympathizing heart' of this great author and powerful friend of the oppressed. Dickens protested that he was merely being factual about the realities of street crime, showing criminals in their "squalid misery", yet he took Mrs Davis's complaint seriously. He halted the printing of Oliver Twist , and changed the text for the parts of the book that had not been set, which is why Fagin is called "the Jew" times in the first 38 chapters, but barely at all in the next references to him. In his later novel Our Mutual Friend , he created the character of Riah meaning "friend" in Hebrew , whose goodness, Vallely writes, is almost as complete as Fagin's evil. Riah says in the novel: "Men say, 'This is a bad Greek, but there are good Greeks. This is a bad Turk, but there are good Turks. Joel Berkowitz reports that the earliest stage adaptations of Oliver Twist "followed by an almost unrelieved procession of Jewish stage distortions, and even helped to popularize a lisp for stage Jewish characters that lasted until " [23] It is widely believed that the most antisemitic adaptation of Oliver Twist is David Lean 's film of , with Alec Guinness as Fagin. Guinness was made-up to look like the illustrations from the novel's first edition. The film's release in the US was delayed until due to Jewish protests, and was initially released with several of Fagin's scenes cut. This particular adaptation of the novel was banned in Israel. However, animator Rob Coleman later admitted that he had viewed footage of Alec Guinness as Fagin in Oliver Twist to inspire his animators in creating Watto. The role of Fagin in Oliver Twist continues to be a challenge for actors who struggle with questions as to how to interpret the role in a post- Nazi era. Various Jewish writers, directors, and actors have searched for ways to "salvage" Fagin. In recent years, Jewish performers and writers have attempted to 'reclaim' Fagin as has been done with Shakespeare's Shylock in The Merchant of Venice. The composer of the s musical Oliver! Pascal says "U. Jews are not exposed to the constant low-level anti-Semitism that filters through British society". In contrast to Pascal, The actor David Schneider , who studied for a PhD on Yiddish, found the Dickens novel, wherein Fagin is simply "the Jew," a difficult read, but saw Fagin in the musical as "a complex character" who was not "the baddie. Some recent actors who have portrayed Fagin have tried to downplay Fagin's Jewishness, but actor Timothy Spall emphasised it while also making Fagin sympathetic. For Spall, Fagin is the first adult character in the story with actual warmth. He is a criminal, but is at least looking out for children more than the managers of Twist's workhouse. Spall says "The fact is, even if you were to turn Fagin into a Nazi portrayal of a Jew, there is something inherently sympathetic in Dickens's writing. I defy anyone to come away with anything other than warmth and pity for him. Will Eisner 's graphic novel Fagin the Jew retells the story of Oliver Twist from Fagin's perspective, both humanising Fagin and making him authentically Jewish. Jewish filmmaker and Holocaust survivor Roman Polanski made a film adaptation of Oliver Twist in Concerning the portrait of Fagin in his film, Polanski said. He is not a Hassidic Jew. But his accent and looks are Jewish of the period. Ben said a very interesting thing. He said that with all his amoral approach to life, Fagin still provides a living for these kids. Of course, you can't condone pickpocketing. But what else could they do? London Remembers. Retrieved 8 January Retrieved 26 February Retrieved 14 February Internet Archive. 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Ohio State University Press. God and Charles Dickens. Baker Books. Charles Dickens A to Z. Facts on File, Inc. London: Methuen. The Australian. Retrieved 22 April John Forster, a Literary Life. Oscar Wilde. London: Penguin Books. In Jordan, John O ed. The Cambridge Companion to Charles Dickens. Life of Charles Dickens. London: Diderot Publishing. In Ledger, Sally; Furneaux, Holly eds. Dickens in Context. Student Companion to Charles Dickens. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Company. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Social History of Art: Naturalism, impressionism, the film age. The Social History of Art. Who's Who in Dickens. Psychology Press. Culture and Science in the Nineteenth-Century Media. A reader's guide to Charles Dickens. Syracuse University Press. A week's tramp in Dickens-Land: together with personal reminiscences of the 'Inimitable Boz'. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New York Historical Society. Random House Studies in Language and Literature. Random House. Walking Dickensian London. Globetrotter walking guides. London: New Holland Publishers. Kucich, John; Sadoff, Dianne F In Kastan, David Scott ed. Consciousness and the Novel. Harvard, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Shelton Mackenzie. Prose and Verse. With Portrait and Autograph. Retrieved 10 June Charles Dickens: The Uses of Time. Susquehanna University Press. The Dickens industry: critical perspectives — Studies in European and American literature and culture. Literary criticism in perspective. Camden House. The Cambridge Introduction to Charles Dickens. Cambridge Introductions to Literature. The other Dickens: a life of Catherine Hogarth. Cornell University Press. University of California Press. Charles Dickens:Family History. Charles Dickens — Chatto and Windus. Dickens and the Dialectic of Growth. University of Wisconsin Press. Disordered personalities 3 ed. Rapid Psychler Press. Oxford Reader's Companion to Dickens. Dickens and Women. Stanford University Press. Charles Dickens. New York: Penguin. Speeches, letters, and sayings of Charles Dickens. Dickens's working notes for his novels. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. Charles Dickens: A Life. The invisible woman: the story of Nelly Ternan and Charles Dickens. Vintage Books. Bloom, Harold ed. Bloom's Classic Critical Views. Infobase Publishing. Ayer Publishing. The Daily Telegraph. The World of Charles Dickens. Penguin Books. McNeillie, Andrew ed. The Essays of Virginia Woolf: — 2 ed. Hogarth Press. Counterpoint Press. Bowen, John Other Dickens: Pickwick to Chuzzlewit 2 ed. Universidad de Alicante. Hart, Christopher 20 May The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 5 July Heller, Deborah In Cohen, Derek; Heller, Deborah eds. Jewish Presences in English Literature. McGill-Queen's Press. Jarvie, Paul A Studies in Major Literary Authors. New York, NY: Routledge. In two volumes. Joshi, Prithi Kaplan, Fred Dickens: A Biography. Levine, Gary Martin The merchant of modernism: the economic Jew in Anglo- American Literature, — Mendelsohn, Ezra Literary Strategies: Jewish Texts and Contexts. Studies in Contemporary Jewry. Meckier, Jerome Moore, Grace Nayder, Lillian Dickens, Charles In Patten, Robert L. The Pickwick Papers. Pointer, Michael Charles Dickens on the screen: the film, television, and video adaptations. Scarecrow Press. Pope-Hennessy, Una Hennessy Press. Slater, Michae []. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed. Subscription or UK public library membership required. Waller, John O. July Studies in Philology. Waller, Philip J Charles Dickens at Wikipedia's sister projects. . John Dickens . Catherine Dickens wife Ellen Ternan mistress. Works by Charles Dickens. Charles Dickens 's The Pickwick Papers Charles Dickens ' Oliver Twist. Sowerberry Mr. Charles Dickens ' Nicholas Nickleby. Sampson Brass Master Humphrey Quilp. Dickens and Little Nell statue. Charles Dickens ' . Ebenezer Scrooge Bob Cratchit Mr. Scrooge A Christmas Carol Mrs. Bob Cratchit's Wild Christmas Binge John Leech illustrator. Charles Dickens ' Dombey and Son. Dombey and Son Rich Man's Folly Dombey and Son Dombey and Son Charles Dickens ' . David Copperfield Mr. Copperfield musical. Charles Dickens ' Bleak House.

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