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Conflict Prevention Between Immigrants and Local Community in Bogor, West Java

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Conflict Prevention Between Immigrants and Local Community in Bogor, West Java MIMBAR, Vol. 35 No. 2nd (2019) Conflict Prevention Between Immigrants And Local Community In Bogor, West Java 1 2 BAMBANG WAHYUDI, MAY MAY MAYSARAH 12 Indonesia Defense University, Komplek IPSC Sentul Bogor, Indonesia email: [email protected]; 2 [email protected] Abstract. This research examines the conflict prevention between immigrants and the local community in Cisarua, West Java. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach supported by secondary data. Theories and concepts are used to analyze the conflict prevention between immigrants and local residents in Cisarua, West Java and reveal various factors supporting and inhibiting conflict prevention. This research result shows that potential conflict from the presence of foreign immigrants is still at a low level of conflict escalation and has not yet caused a dangerous situation. The potential for conflict arises from several aspects, such as ideology, socio-cultural, economic, and legal. Keywords: conflict, early system, immigrants. Introduction The presence of foreign refugees in Indonesia raises problems including the The existence of foreign immigrants or formulation of refugee management policies refugees in a country is a global phenomenon. based on the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Their presence brings about a variety of Protocol on refugees (Krustiyati, 2012), issues, such as psychological adaptation the impact of asylum seekers’ stopover on and family dynamics, legal adaptation, transnational crime in Indonesia (Prahenti, the acceptance of local community, local 2013), and the complexity of refugees issues government policies related to their existence based on the perspective of Islamic and and job opportunities, adaptation process and International law (Yuliatiningsih, 2013). social capital of second-generation refugees, refugees social networks, a revival of refugees However, the issues concerning conflict diaspora and protection of refugees, social and conflict resolution in interactions between conflicts (Newman and Joanne, 2003) the local community and foreign refugees have not received widespread attention As a global reality, the existence of among researchers in Indonesia. Although, foreign immigrants also happens in Indonesia. in fact, cultural and ethnic differences as a Until 2014, the number of foreign immigrants pre-universal condition of the emergence of (legal and illegal) living in Indonesia reached conflicts between them have been fulfilled 10.340 people (UNHCR, 2014). The report also (Gudykunst, 2003: 295). In addition, conflict noted that 80% were illegal immigrants who is one of the global academic issues as a have been left at the Immigration Detention logical consequence of the existence of foreign Center (Rudenim). The rest were legal refugees in a country. refugees who were allowed to live in shelters. These foreign refugees, especially those Conflict always happen because human from the Middle East, placed Indonesia as a beings cannot avoid internal feud in the goals, stopover location before heading to Christmas interests, values, and beliefs possessed. Island, Australia (Alvi 2014). It is predicted Conflicts can occur either between individuals that the number of foreign immigrants will (interpersonal), between groups (intergroup), continue to increase considering the conflict or even on a large scale (interpersonal). Small in African and Asian countries (UNHCR, in conflicts between individuals can develop into Syahrin, 2014). large-scale conflict with protracted violence Received: 2019-08-20, Revised: 2019-09-27, Accepted: 2019-12-27 Print ISSN: 0215-8175; Online ISSN: 2303-2499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v35i2.5033 Accredited Sinta 2 based on the decree No.10/E/KPT/2019 until 2024. Indexed by DOAJ, Sinta, Garuda, Crossreff, Dimensions 411 BAMBANG WAHYUDI, et al. Conflict Prevention Between Immigrants And Local Community In Bogor, West Java and result in the complete destruction of a This study offers a conflict management society or a nation (Bar-Tal, 2011; Galtung, model called Conflict Early Warning Systems 2004). (CEWERS). As a form of an information system, CEWERS functions to gather and This study describes the conflict analyze information from crisis areas. The prevention between foreign immigrants and results of this analysis are then used to local community in Cisarua, Bogor Regency, anticipate the escalation of conflict with West Java. Many foreign immigrants, with violence, to develop strategic responses the main destination to Australia, was found to the existing crisis, and to provide an in Bogor as their transit area. Moreover, the optional view of important actors for decision- transit duration of illegal foreign immigrants making purposes (Institut Titian Perdamaian, may reach several years. The conflict 2005:7). As an information system, CEWERS prevention between immigrants and local also plays a role in gathering and analyzing communities should have been carried out information about conflict situations, whether as an early warning effort for the conflict it is a potential conflict or actual conflict. In that might occur due to differences in these fact, CEWERS approach facilitates how to set two customs and cultures of people living in criteria for selecting influential actors at the Cisarua, Bogor. The search in various literature national, regional, and international levels shows that various conflict resolution models that can promote peace. offered to prevent conflict from happening. One of the main principles for conflict Galtung (1969) developed a model resolution to be able to reach the root of that combines conflict, violence, and peace conflict triggers is cooperation (Christie and (Deutsch (1973 in Davidson & Wood, 2004). Winter, 2001). The CEWERS approach adopts Some researchers also developed a conflict that principle through the elements and resolution model based on competitive nature of its networks. According to Institut processes (Johnson and Johnson, 1996). Titian Perdamaian (2005:18), by having the Davidson and Wood (2004) developed Conflict nature of a network, CEWERS approach will Resolution Model-Australia (CRMA) as an facilitate the exchange of information or ideas alternative model of conflict resolution in with actors involved in a conflict. More than Australia. However, seeing the characteristics the exchanges of information, CEWERS will patterns of interaction between foreign also detect the pattern, effectiveness, and immigrants and the local community in efficiency of coordination in the early conflict Indonesia, such as marriages, culture (ethnic prevention system. Of course, ideally, the and religious) differences and neglect of network consists of a selected group of people formal law, the methods of preventing social who act collectively and by using existing conflicts that arise also become specific and networks, they can jointly prevent the violent contextual. Thus, the conflict resolution conflict in an area (Institut Titian Perdamaian models mentioned above tend to be irrelevant 2005: 63). and unadaptive to the Indonesian context. For this purpose, a conflict resolution approach Another distinctive characteristic of or model should have the capacity enable the CEWERS approach in explaining conflict to anticipate the escalation of conflict with prevention is the emphasis on dynamic violence, develop strategic responses to the features in conflict prevention and resolution existing crisis, and provide optional views (Malik, 2014). This approach provides space on important actors who can be targeted for for situation analysis, both in conflict and decision-making purposes. post-conflict conditions. In other words, the CEWERS approach emphasizes the cohesive According to Ganson & Wennman (holistic) aspect of understanding the conflict. (2016), conflict prevention is an effort to Conflicts can arise from the escalation of increase the level of stability and decrease ignored-conflicts, triggers of conflict that have the vulnerability that has long been in qualified or the effectiveness of provocateurs, place and suppress social systems. The both sporadically or jointly. Malik further factor that creates tension (stress factor) isolated five components in conflict prevention, is the root cause of conflict as well as being namely escalation and de-escalation, conflict the orientation of every conflict resolution factors, conflict actors, stakeholders, and effort. Thus, conflict prevention can also be political will from the authorities (Malik, interpreted as a form of system resilience in 2014). The five components are interrelated, identifying and resolving conflicts in society contribute to each other and influence each from its roots. other in the occurrence of conflict and peace. 412 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499 MIMBAR, Vol. 35 No. 2nd (2019) Various scenarios can occur in a articles and mass media. The selection dynamic framework based model of conflict of informants is done by using purposive prevention. First, the level of escalation will sampling technique. The informant’s criteria contribute to conflict and peace. If the conflict are those who are directly involved or escalation increases in the form of tensions interested in the presence of local immigrants and mass mobilization, then there will be a in Cisarua, Bogor, West Java. crisis between parties concerned to resolve The subjects of this study are the the conflict that may continue in the form of Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry violent actions, either limited
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