Public Works Department Buildings

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS

OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF (BUILDINGS), CHIEF ENGINEER (BUILDINGS) CHENNAI REGION AND CHIEF ENGINEER (GENERAL), PWD., CHEPAUK, CHENNAI – 5

GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS

WITH RESPECT TO FIRE, EARTHQUAKE, CYCLONE, FLOOD, TSUNAMI AND OTHER HAZARDS

Zone - III Moderate Intensity Zone

Zone - II Low Intensity Zone

MAP OF EARTHQUAKE ZONES IN TAMIL NADU

Tamilaga Arasu Building Research Station, PWD, Taramani, Chennai-600 113

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS

OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF (BUILDINGS) & CHIEF ENGINEER (BUILDINGS) CHENNAI REGION AND CHIEF ENGINEER (GENERAL), PWD., CHEPAUK, CHENNAI – 600 005

Technical Circular No. AEE/T10/24475/2017, dated 27.10.2017

Sub : Disaster Management - Guidelines for Planning, Design and Construction of buildings with respect to Fire, Earthquake, Cyclone, Flood, Tsunami and other hazards-Regarding.

This circular is issued to all the Superintending Engineers and Executive Engineers of Tamilnadu Public Works Department with Guidelines for Planning, Design and Construction with respect to Fire, Earthquake, Tsunami, Cyclone, Flood and other hazards.

Disaster prevention involves engineering intervention in buildings and structures to make them strong enough to withstand natural hazard so that the exposure of the society to hazard situation could be avoided or minimized.

Public Works department buildings organization is committed to Plan, design, construct and maintain the Public Buildings and monitor the stability of the public buildings.

Various types of Public Buildings constructed and maintained by PWD include Hospitals, Medical colleges, Schools, Hostel buildings, Court Buildings, District Collectorates, Taluk Offices, Sub Registrar Offices, Veterinary Buildings and office buildings for various other departments of the Government.

Every building shall be so Planned, Designed, Constructed, equipped, maintained and operated so as to provide not only adequate comfort to the occupants but also to take meticulous care to avoid undue danger to the life and safety of the occupants from Fire, Earthquake, Tsunami, Cyclone, Flood and other hazards.

The public buildings are constructed based on the Codes published by the Bureau of Indian standards including the National Building code 201G. In Tamilnadu public works Department, the stability of the buildings and structures are ensured in Design and Construction with respect to Fire, Earthquake, Tsunami, cyclone, Flood and other hazards.

Although the Architect wing and the Planning and Designs wing functioning under the administrative control of the Engineer-in-Chief (Buildings) at Chennai are invotved in Architectural planning and Structural Designing of the buildings respectively, it is instructed that the superintending Engineers and Executive Engineers should also ensure the provisions to be made during execution of building works with respect to Fire, Eafthquake, Tsunami, cyclone, Flood and other hazards, constructed based on the codes published by the Bureau of Indian standards including the National Building code 2016.

Hence the enclosed general guidelines (as per various IS Codes and Guidelines issued Ministries by of Government of India) are issued through this circular memorandum for Architects and all Engineers of Public Works Department with respect to engineering intervention in buildings.

Hence, through this circular memorandum, it is instructed that all the officials of Public works Department are requested to adhere to general guidelines enclosed for Disaster preparedness to withstand hazards effectively.

Enc!.: Booklet-1No. r1-..'*"{ril1,,

The Chief Engineer (Buildings), pW Trichy Region, Trichy The Chief Engineer (Buildings), pWD., Madurai Region, Madurai

AII the Superintending Engineers of pWD, BO.

All the Executive Engineers of pWD, BO.

D:\DISASTERMANAGEMENT\Final CIRCUtARANDIETTER3l.08.20lT\FinatOflnat\Di*stermanaSementcircularfinal3l0820lT.docx

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS

OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF (BUILDINGS), CHIEF ENGINEER (BUILDINGS) CHENNAI REGION AND CHIEF ENGINEER (GENERAL), PWD., CHEPAUK, CHENNAI – 5

GUIDELINES FOR

PLANNING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS

WITH RESPECT TO

FIRE, EARTHQUAKE, CYCLONE, FLOOD, TSUNAMI AND OTHER HAZARDS

2017

Tamilaga Arasu Building Research Station, Taramani, Chennai.113 Guidelines for Planning, Design and Construction of buildings with respect to Fire, Earthquake, Cyclone, Flood, Tsunami and other hazards

CONTENTS

Sl. Topics Page No No.

1 Guidelines for Fire and Life safety Measures 1

2 Guidelines for Planning Earthquake resistant Structures 5

Guidelines for Planning Earthquake resistant Structural 3 8 Designs

Guidelines for planning and design of Tsunami resistant 4 14 buildings

Guidelines for Planning and Design of Cyclone resistant 5 18 buildings

Guidelines for Planning and Design of Flood resistant 6 25 buildings

Fire preparedness : extract of “ 15 maintenance of fire 7 27 fighting systems ” as in NBC VOL 2 Chapter 12

Case Study on Fire Safety Arrangements in Tamil Nadu 8 Government Multi Specialty Hospital, Chennai and RGGH 30 Chennai

Case Study on Pre Tsunamy Cyclone Shelters and Post 9 43 Tsunami Multi Purpose Evacuation Centres

Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters – 121 Nos. in 12 Coastal 10 49 Districts of Tamilnadu

District Level PWD contact person during the period of 11 52 Disaster

12 Disaster Hazard Specific Response Actions in Buildings 54

1. Guidelines for Fire and Life Safety Measures in Buildings

The guidelines to be followed in Fire and Life safety in the buildings as per Part IV of NBC 2016 are furnished below.

1.0. General Exit Requirement:

1.0.1. Every building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with exits sufficient to permit safe egress of occupants, in case of fire or other emergency.

1.0.2. Provision of internal staircase, external staircase and corridor or passageway which have direct access to these staircases shall be maintained by occupants in case of emergencies and shall lead to the exterior of a building or to a street. Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as exits.

1.0.3. All buildings shall have a minimum of two staircases . The actual number of exits shall conform to the accepted standards on the basis of occupant load of building ( Floor area in m 2 required for a person ), for different occupancies, width required per person and the maximum travel distance to be maintained in a building.

1.0.4. In general indicative terms, the occupant load will be 12.5 for residential occupancies, 15 for institutional, 4 for educational, 10 for office buildings, 0.65 to 1.80 for assembly, 3 for basement shopping area and 6 for upper floor shopping area in mercantile buildings. The travel distances to the nearest exits for all multistoried, special commercial, institutional and public buildings shall be of 30 m and for fully sprinklered building, the travel distances may be increased up to 45m

1.0.5. All the exits and exit passageways to exit discharge shall have a clear ceiling height of at least 2.40m . The height of exit door shall be at least 2.00m

1.0.6. Exit doorways shall not be less than 1 m in width but for assembly buildings it shall not be less than 2 m in width.

Fig.1

1.0.7. The minimum width of tread without nosing shall be 250 mm for internal staircase of residential buildings. This shall be 300 mm for assembly, hotels, educational, institutional, business and other buildings. The treads shall be constructed and maintained in a manner to prevent slipping. The maximum height of riser shall be 190 mm for residential buildings and 150 mm for other buildings and the number shall be limited to 15 per flight.

1.0.8. Internal staircase shall not be arranged round a lift shaft .

1.0.9. The internal staircases shall be constructed with non combustible materials and shall have a minimum fire resistant rating of 120minutes ; The external stairs shall be directly connecting all floors to the ground; it shall be continuous, free of obstructions and the entrance to the external stairs shall be separate and remote from the internal staircase.

1.0.10. The ramps shall comply requirements for staircases regarding enclosure dimension and capacity. The slope of the ramp shall not exceed 1 in 12 (8 percent)

1.0.11. Smoke Control: In building design compartmentation plays a vital role in limiting spread of fire. The building plan should ensure avoidance of spread of smoke to adjacent spaces. through leakage openings. All floors shall be compartmented with area of ach compartment being not more than 750 m2. 1.0.12. Pressurization is a method adopted for protecting the exits from ingress of smoke, especially in high-rise buildings. In pressurization, air is injected into the staircases, lobbies, etc, as applicable, to raise their pressures lightly above the pressure in adjacent parts of the building. As a result, ingress of smoke or toxic gases into the exits will be prevented. The pressurization of staircases and lift lobbies shall be adopted as per standards.

The following are the other safety arrangements to be provided in buildings.

1.1. The fire detection and alarm systems include electro mechanical systems, such as air handling units, pressurisation systems, smoke management systems, creation of compartmentation through the release of fire barriers, hold up fire doors etc and monitoring of fire water storage tanks and pumps, pressures in hydrant and sprinkler systems etc. These systems should be provided as per standards.

1.2. The voice evacuation systems shall employ Tamil and English using pre recorded messages and integrate with fire alarm panels for alerting the zone of fire and surrounding zones / floors.

1.3. Fire Extinguishers/Fixed Fire Fighting Installations : All buildings depending upon the occupancy use and height shall be protected by fire extinguishers, wet riser, down-comer, automatic sprinkler installation, high/medium velocity water spray, foam, gaseous or dry powder system in accordance with the provisions of the NBC 2016

1.4. A satisfactory supply of water for the purpose of fire fighting shall always be available in the form of underground/ terrace level static storage

tanks with capacities specified. The minimum water supply requirement is specified in Table.7 of NBC2016

1.5. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in the false ceiling voids exceeding 800mm in height. The pressure in sprinkler system shall not exceed 12 bars.

1.6. Refuge area measuring to an extent of 15 sq. m shall be provided as a staging area and secured place for effecting rescue of occupants for all Multi-storey Building expecting residential occupancy where balcony is provided. To ensue life safety more stringent, refuge area shall also be – provided in the Commercial Special Building where is no sufficient near and side setback even though it is less than 24 m in height.

1.7. Fire preparedness : extract of “ 15 maintenance of fire fighting systems ” as in NBC VOL 2 Chapter 12 is enclosed in Chapter 7. Case Studies on Fire and Life Safety measure are enclosed in Chapter 8 .

2. Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Structures

2.0. The following are the Guidelines to be considered in planning Earthquake Resistant Structures.

2.1. Earthquake causes shaking of the ground. Therefore a building resting on it will experience motion at its base. Even though the base of the building moves with the ground, the roof has a tendency to stay in its original position. But since the walls and columns are connected to it, they drag the roof along with them. The inertia force experienced by the roof is transferred to the ground via the columns, causing forces in columns and in other members.

2.2. The behaviour of a building during earthquakes depends critically on its overall shape, size and geometry, in addition to how the earthquake forces are carried to the ground. Hence, at the planning stage itself, the unfavourable features should be avoided

2.3. In general, buildings with simple geometry in plan have performed well during strong earthquakes. Buildings with re-entrant corners, like those U, V, H and + shaped in plan have sustained significant damage. Many times, the bad effects of these interior corners in the plan of buildings are avoided by making the buildings in two parts. For example, an L-shaped plan can be broken up into two rectangular plan shapes using a separation joint at the junction A building is said to be earthquake-resistant, if it possesses four main attributes, namely,

1) Simple and regular structural configuration, 2) At least a minimum initial lateral stiffness, 3) At least a minimum lateral strength, and 4) Adequate ductility.

2.4. Buildings with simple regular geometry and uniformly distributed mass and stiffness in plan and in elevation, suffer much less damage, than buildings with irregular configurations.

2.5. The following simple illustrations show how to plan for earthquake resistant structures

Fig.2

Fig.3

Tamil Nadu falls under Zone II and Zone III Seismic zones as per IS 1893 part 1 :2016

3. Guidelines for Earthquake resistant Structural Designs.

3.1. IS 1893: (Part 1) 2016 code of practice for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures deals with the earthquake hazard assessment for earthquake - resistant design of buildings. Bureau of Indian Standards, based on the past seismic history , grouped the country into four seismic zones, viz. Zone-II, -III, -IV and –V.

Zone II Low intensity zone Zone III Moderate intensity zone Zone IV Severe intensity zone Zone V Very severe intensity zone The state of Tamil Nadu lies in Zone II & III as illustrated in the following map. SEISMIC ZONES OF TAMIL NADU (AS PER IS 1893, PART 1:2016)

Chennai, Coimbatore, Kalpakkam, Kancheepuram, Zone - III Tiruvannamalai, Vellore & Salem etc.

Zone - II Cuddalore, Thanjavur, Tiruchirappali & Madurai etc.

Fig.4

3.2. As stated in IS 1893: (Part 1) 2016 Chennai, Coimbatore, Kalpakkam, Kancheepuram, Tiruvannamalai, Vellore, Salem etc are some of the places under Zone III of moderate intensity of earthquake. The places including Madurai, Cuddalore, Thanjavur, Tiruchirapalli, etc are under Zone II of Low intensity of Earthquake. 3.3. Importance Factor: If the building is required to function for life-safety purposes after an earthquake or its failure could impair the continued operation of the facility, a factor called Importance Factor is assigned in the structural design calculations. Importance factor is used in estimating lateral design force in seismic structural design and this provision shall enhance the structural stability at the time of earthquake. 3.4. As per seismic code IS 1893 : (Part 1) 2016 importance factor for residences is changed to 1.2 from 1.0. Further in this code it is recommended to adopt appropriate importance factors for a maximum value of 1.5 for various types of buildings. However a higher value of 1.8 is adopted as per the instructions given in the Guidelines for design and construction of Cyclone/ Tsunami Shelters issued by Government of India – UNDP Disaster risk management programme, Ministry of home affairs -2006.

3.5. Due to this higher important factor of 1.8, the buildings constructed for Tsunami shelter sizes of beams and columns were increased. The area of steel provided is arrived for the worst load combinations of seismic and wind loads.

3.6. IS 13920 :2016, code of practice for Ductile Design and Detail covers the requirements for designing and detailing of members of reinforced concrete (RC) structures designed to resist lateral effects of earthquake shaking, so as to give them adequate stiffness, strength and ductility to resist severe earthquake shaking without collapse.

3.7. The criteria adopted by codes for fixing the level of design, seismic loading are generally as below ∑ Structures should be able to resist minor earthquake without damage. ∑ Structures should be able to resist moderate earthquake without structures damage, but with some non-structural damage. ∑ Structures should be able to resist major earthquake without collapse but with some structural & non-structural damage.

The following illustrations show ductile detailing for reinforcement bars in RCC Constructions.

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

>20 db

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

4. Guidelines for Planning and Design of Tsunami resistant buildings

4.0. The general guidelines for planning of Tsunami Resistant Buildings are given below.

4.1. The tsunami waves always approach from the direction of sea towards the coast. It is known that the tsunami forces can even be ten times larger than the maximum earthquake or cyclonic wind pressures. It will therefore require a very heavy wall structure in the lower stories of the building to make it safe against tsunami impacts. The kinds of actions created on the building are shown in Figure below.

Fig.16

ACTION ON STRUCTURE DUE TO TSUNAMIS

Minimize Tsunami Wave Pressures

4.2. Buildings constructed on reinforced stilt columns should have sufficient clearance under the building superstructure, such that the tsunami wave will be able to pass though, exerting only the minimum pressures on the columns

4.3. For further reduction in such hydrodynamic pressures, the columns may be made circular, octagonal or square with chamfered/rounded corners. The

risers in stairs should be left open for water to pass through. The exterior walls of the structure may be shaped in a manner to deflect the wave energy sideways. Suitable gaps between a cluster of buildings, will allow the wave to pass through, thus decreasing the pressure on the structures.

Fig.17 STRUCTURE ON STILTS

Provide Collapsible Structural Obstructions

4.4. Buildings may be built with infill/cladding wall panels which would break easily and give way to the tsunami wave to pass through.

Provide Coastal Protection Wall

4.5. Coastal protection walls may be constructed by which the wave water will be deflected back towards the sea. (Fig 17). The walls may be curved concavely towards the sea in vertical or the horizontal plane. Needless to say that the walls will have to be designed for the resulting very large reactive forces.

4.6. The presence of vegetation (mangroves) is also a coastal protection measure and acts to some extent as a buffer to the tsunami wave action.

Fig.17 BLOCKING WALLS FOR DEFLECTION OF TSUNAMI

Provide Break Waters

4.7. On the coastal side of the building, appropriate energy dissipation blocks of concrete or stone may be arranged as is done under the canal falls or the spill way dams which will dissipate the energy of the fast moving waters of the tsunami so that the impact on the building elements will be minimized to safe level.

Fig.18 WAVE BREAKERS FOR SLOWING SPEED OF WAVES

Evacuation of Population

4.8. Evacuation of people could be effected by vertical evacuation through raised platforms with proper staircase approach, or into upper floors of multistorey buildings, or to platforms constructed at high enough elevation as part of elevated water towers, or by creating safe areas at higher elevations provided with easy and direct approach to the nearby communities. The design approach for structures to be used for evacuation purpose should be chosen suitably for the sites under consideration.

Fig.19 VERTICAL EVACUATION

Fig.20

Table I

5. Guidelines for Planning and Design of Cyclone resistant buildings

5.0. The following are the guidelines for Planning Cyclone Resistant Buildings

5.1. The buildings are pulled apart by winds moving swiftly around and over the building. This lowers the pressure on the outside and creates suction on the walls and roof. Therefore the buildings are to be planned and designed considering these aspects of wind force and pressure.

The following illustrations show actions of wind forces

Fig.21

Fig.22

Fig.23

Fig.24

5.2. Guidelines for improving the cyclonic resistance of Low rise houses and other buildings/ structures are furnished in IS 15498:2004

a) As far as possible, the building shall be founded on good ground. Part of the building on good ground and partly on made up ground shall be avoided [see. Fig 25.a ].

b) Regular plan shapes are preferred. Reentrant corners are to be avoided

c) For individual buildings, a circular or polygonal plan is preferred over rectangular or square plans but from the view point of functional efficiency, often a rectangular plan is commonly used. Where most prevalent wind direction is known, a building should be so oriented, where feasible, that its smallest facade faces the wind.

d) A symmetrical building with a compact plan-form is more stable than an asymmetrical building with a zig-zag plan, having empty pockets as the latter is more prone to wind/cyclone related damage [see Fig. 25 c]

Fig.25 e) In case of construction of group of buildings with a row type or cluster arrangement, cluster arrangement can be followed in preference to row type. However, in certain cases, both may give rise to adverse wind pressure due to tunnel action and studies need to be conducted to look into this aspect f) Long walls having length in excess of 3.5 m shall be provided with cross walls or integrated pilasters

g) Buildings are not to be located in low-lying areas as cyclones are invariably associated with floods.

h) In hilly regions, construction along ridges should be avoided since they experience an accentuation of wind velocity whereas valleys experience lower speeds in general

i) Except in case of buildings with large span with sloped roofs, roof pitches having a slope less than I in 3 shall be avoided.

j) The percent of the total opening in the cross section of the frontal wall shall be less than 50 percent of the width of the wall. Opening in load bearing walls should not be within a distance of h/6 from the inner corner for the purpose o providing lateral support to cross walls, where h is the storey height up to eave level.(Fig 26)

Fig.26

5.3. Further regarding the door, window openings and glazing the following are to be considered

a) If doors & shutters cannot be shut, make sure there are opposing openings to reduce pressure build up. Trees can be planted around the buildings

b) Since failure of any door or window on windward side may lead to adverse upward pressure. The doors and windows should have adequate anchorage with holdfasts.

c) Large size Glass paneling result in more damages. Panel sizes may be well designed with smaller sizes. Thin plastic films can be pasted to glass panels for holding debris in case of breaking due to wind forces. A metallic fabric mesh outside large panels can prevent damages. (Fig 27)

Fig.27

5.4. Guidelines for Designing Cyclone Resistant Buildings considering wind forces

5.4.1. The design criteria for wind loads can be considered along with design criteria for Earth quake so that the design is economical considering all the forces.

5.4.2. The cyclone shelters now constructed in PWD are renamed as Emergency shelters to be used during all the natural disasters such as Tsunami, Cyclone, Flood etc and also continue to be used throughout the year as a school or community hall..

Design for Wind loads:

5.4.3. The calculations for wind pressure and design forces on various structural members can be done as per IS 875 part 3 :2015. The Basic wind speed differ for different regions as per Wind speed map published in the code. (Refer the map enclosed). The Wind velocity can be adopted as 65 miles/second (250km/ hour) with normal load factors for areas on east coast as per the Design Criteria for the Construction of Cyclone Shelters issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India

5.4.4. As per the above code the following parameters are considered for different types of structural members of various types of buildings for calculating wind pressures and design forces. Data: Wind Zone, Terrain category

5.4.5. Design Factors: Risk coefficient factor, Terrain and Height factor, Topography factor, importance factor for cyclone region, Wind directionality factor, Area averaging factor, Tributary area of short wall, Tributary area of long walls, Tributary area of roof, Permeability of the buildings, internal pressure, External pressure etc

BASIC WIND SPEED MAP OF INDIA

Fig.28

AS PER IS 875 PART 3 2015

6. Guidelines for Planning and Design of Flood resistant buildings

6.0. The following are the guidelines to be followed for Planning and Designing of Flood Resistant Buildings.

6.1. The estimation of flood, maximaum flood level etc are done by the Water Resources department. The Local GovernmentS impose development control rules so that the premises of the buildings are located in a proper orientation to face the flood situation. The following are to be considered during the planning and design f the individual buildings which come under the purview of the PWD Engineers.

6.2. Rising the elevation: The elevation of living area should be above the base flood elevation (B. F. E.). There should be enough space for the passage of flow in case of flood. For an area with a low probability of flood the space below the living area can be utilized for parking the vehicle, laundry or bathroom etc. The B. F. E. is the water surface level for a flood of 100 years return period.

6.3. Building the lower levels water tight: The walls and openings of the lower levels are sealed to stop the water from penetrating the house. The sealing should be sufficiently strong to bear the forces in the flood conditions acting in the form of lateral forces and uplift thrust of the flood water. The building for such purpose should be designed by taking all these forces in consideration. Enclosures, sealants, membranes and coatings can be used to make the lower levels watertight.

6.4. Wet flood proofing: Wet flood proofing involves the controlled and safe passage of flood water through the lower levels of the building.

6.5. The rain water harvesting arrangements for the building and the premises should be well designed and well maintained.

6.6. The sewers and water supply system should be above the water level or should be sealed when the water rises above them to avoid any health hazards. 6.7. Electrical appliances and outlets should also be at higher levels. The inlets points should be opened well before any pileup of water to avoid pressure at the structure.

Fig.29

Fig.30

Illustrations showing the elevation of living area above the base flood elevation (B. F. E.). and the suggested rain water percolation in car parking area and the lawn

7. FIRE PREPAREDNESS : EXTRACT OF “ 15 MAINTENANCE OF FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS ” AS IN NBC VOL 2 CHAPTER 12

7.1. Maintenance of fire detection and suppression systems in any facility is a very important task for the facility manager. All owners shall arrange to deploy adequate number of trained people to man the systems and also ensure adequate budgetary support to enable proper maintenance and upkeep of the systems.

7.2. Besides properly maintaining all systems, such as fire detectors, sprinklers, first aid fire equipment, yard hydrants, fire tanks, fire pumps, etc, it is imperative that all fire exits and staircases are kept free from any form of obstruction to allow easy egress of occupants in case of any fire incident.

7.3. At the time of commissioning of any facility proper testing of all fire detection and suppression systems shall be done in accordance with relevant Indian Standards and proper record of same shal be maintained. Wherever lift lobbies, staircases, lift wells or any other such location has been designed to remain under pressure from firefighting point of view it is imperative that necessary pressure fans, etc, are kept properly maintained so that there is no failure in this regard. Security guards/lift operators shall be guided to ensure that, wherever doors have been provided to maintain differential pressures are closed to ensure proper functioning.

7.4. Similarly smoke extraction fans, fire dampers in HVAC systems shall be periodically (at least a fortnightly check is desirable) run and tested to ensure that they function properly in case of any emergency.

7.5. The facility manager shall hold regular mock firefighting drills so that people are made aware of thesystems installed, the location of nearest exits, etc.

7.6. Maintenance of fire extinguishers shall be carried out in accordance with the good practice [12(6)]. Periodic inspection, testing and refilling shall be got done from competent and trained persons as per provisions given in the above mentioned good practice and as per recommendations of the manufacturers.

7.7. Proper records of this activity shall be maintained. All fire detection systems shall be strictly maintained in accordance with the good practice [12(7)]. Facility manager shall ensure that during any fit out or refurbishment, no detector is subjected to any interior decoration treatment such as painting, alteration of exterior cover to conform to the environment.

7.8. A log book should be maintained for recording details, including causes of all the alarms (genuine, test or false), faults service tests and routine inspections, servicing/repairs, etc, as and when done. Period of disconnection/non-operation should also be shown.

7.9. Checks shall be made every day to ascertain that the fire panel indicates normal operation and if not, then any fault indicated should be recorded in a log book and corrective action taken and record of that should also be maintained. It shall be ensured that any fault warning recorded the previous day has received attention. The control panel shall be manned regularly so that in case of any incident, immediate action can be initiated.

7.10. Success of any firefighting system will depend upon timely and proper functioning of the fire pumps. Regular maintenance of these pumps shall be done in accordance with the good practice [12(8)]. Checking of jockey pumps shall be a daily exercise. Adequate stock of diesel shall be maintained in a safe location to ensure that pumps can be operated for design duration.

7.11. Other fire installations such as external fire hydrants, hose reels, etc, shall be checked periodically and shall be maintained. External fire hydrants shall be inspected, checked and maintained in accordance with the good practice [12(9)]. Internal fire hydrants and hose reels on premises shall be maintained in accordance with the good practice [12(10)]. Automatic sprinkler system shall be maintained in accordance with the good practice [12(11)].

Fire Water Reservoirs/Tank 7.12. It shall be ensured that fire water tank reservoirs are always full and free from any foreign materials. The water level shall be recorded weekly. Reservoirs shall be cleaned at least once in a year or more frequently depending upon quality of water and sludge formation shall be prevented. Records of inspection, testing and maintenance operations and reports of hydraulic pressure tests of extinguishers and other equipment shall be maintained as per history sheet.

7.13. All maintenance operations shall be carried out as a well-planned exercise to ensure that the facility is not subjected to unnecessary risk. a) In case of planned shut down: a. Authorities shall be kept informed before shutting of the installation for any reason, whatsoever. b. A thorough assessment of the risk shall be undertaken before a part or total shut down to ensure that there is no incident of fire during shut down. c. The heads of all the departments, tenants, RWAs shall be notified in writing that the installation shall remain inoperative and they shall exercise abundant caution during the period. b) In case of unplanned shut down . When the installation is rendered inoperative as a matter of urgency or by accident, the measures stated above for planned shutdown shall be implemented with least possible delay.

Fire Drills 7.14. Carrying out regular and periodic fire drills, at intervals as may be prescribed, is essential to ensure reparedness of personnel and testing of equipment to ensure that all systems function smoothly in case of any exigency.

7.15. All assets used for firefighting and fire prevention can be equipped with sensors. These sensors shall be capable of monitoring the health of the equipment. Sensors should log the status and send to the central database at monitoring station or BMS, where provided. 7.16. Staircases, fire exits, refuge areas, passages, open surroundings inside or outside the premises should be kept clear of goods.

8.1. CASE STUDY

ON FIRE SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS IN

TAMILNADU GOVERNMENT MULTI SUPER SPECIALTY HOSPITAL, OMANDURAR GOVERNMENT ESTATE, CHENNAI - 600 002

TamilNadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai - 600 002 GENERAL DETAILS

TamilNadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, 1 Name of the Building and Address Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai - 600 002

a. Plot area 83,000 Sq.mtrs Total No. of floors with floor area b. Ground + 6 floors Total Floor area i. Basement Nil

ii. Ground floor 17455 Sq.mtrs

iii. Mezzanine, I Nil

iv. Floors ( 1st - 6th floor ) 68964 Sq.mtrs

c. Height of Building ( in meters) 30.60 mtrs

Drive way entry - 5.10 mtrs d. Entrance ( width ) Building Entry - 4.20 mtrs

e. Approach road (width) 7.20 mtrs

2 Occupancy / Use Hospital

3 Parking areas 5500 Sq.mtrs

4 Fire resistance of construction materials

Stair case and Electrical rooms are provided a. Self closing fire / smoke check doors with Fire rated doors

Aluminium, Brick wall, Gypsum Board b. Partitions Partitions

Gypsum board false ceiling and Metal False c. False ceiling ceiling

d. lining for air-conditioning ducts Available e. Insulation for air-conditioning ducts Available

Wooden wall paneling in Conference hall in f. Panelling Ground floor & Third floor

Floor finish - Granite & Marble g. Surface finishes Walls - Plastic Emulsion Paint

Considered in the original plan of the 5 Compartmentation building

Natural lighting through OTS covered with 6 Ventilation Skylight Glazing Units

7 Means of Entry Staircases, Lift

Through staircases, Emergency exit points 8 Means of Escape at 10 locations

9 Electrical Insulations FRLS & PVC Insulated wires

10 Alternate lighting arrangements UPS &Generators available

11 Rooms air-conditioners Proper rated voltage stabilizers provided

Underground Drains through sewer pipe 12 Drainage lines

Details of the building to be shown to the inspection team from Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services

TamilNadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, 1 Description of the Building and Address Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai - 600 002

Ground + 6 floors Ground floor - 17455 First floor - 11274 No. of floors with each floor in Second floor - 11061 a. Sq.mts Third floor - 10137 Fourth floor - 11061 fifth floor - 12595 Sixth floor - 12836

No. of staircase with width of each b(i) 17 Nos of staircase of width 4.00 mtrs staircase

No. of lifts and capacity of each, availability of service staircase, 17 Numbers of lift and 1 number of service b(ii) service lift etc. Should be lift mentioned No. of rooms and halls at each Varies from 85 rooms to 110 rooms at each c. floor along with the nature of floor occupancy

2 nos of canteen (1 each at Ground floor & d. Canteen details if any Third floor )

2 Total occupancy As per bed strength

3 No. of HP machinery installed 10 Numbers

4 Details of Generators, if any provided 200 KVA LT Generators 2 nos a. H.P / K.V of generator 250 KVA LT Generators 2 nos Quantity of diesel, furnace oil b. 990 Litrs stored Whether proper licence obtained c. Not required for such storage

Nature of Air-Conditioner system in the 5 Chilled water air conditioning system premises

1. North side - 80 mtrs Extent of site and set back around the 2. South side - 12 mtrs 6 building on all for directions ( to be 3. East side - 12 mtrs specified separately 4. West side - 7.50 mtrs

Whether Automatic fire detectors / fire Provided to be modified according to 7 alarms installed converted plan

Provided to be modified according to 8 Lightining protections converted plan Provided to be modified according to 9 Fire protection and Alarm system converted plan Water supply ( Well / Bore pumps, wate 10 Metro water mains etc.,) 11 Fire pumps (Total Nos) 3 Nos + 1 No. (Alternate diesel pump)

Wet riser down corner & Hydrant Wet riser - 13 Nos 12 systems & automatic sprinkler system. Hydrant - 109 Nos @ 30m interval Automatic sprinkler system in all floors

13 Hose reel & Hose box Hose reel - 96 Nos & Hose box - 96 Nos each @ every 1000 m2

ABC type - 6kg - 93 Nos 14 Portable fire extinguishers Co2 Type - 4.5 kg - 14 Nos Co2 type - 22.50 kg - 7 Nos

15 Fire lift with separate generator To be provided

16 Storage or Diesel / Oil / LPG To be provided

17 Communication system

a. Public Address System available

b. Inter Communication System available

c. Illuminated Signs available Maintenance of fire protection installation 18 equipments ( by whom ) Public works department

19 Fire fighting training to staff -

20 Details of licences issued No No. of fire lifts available and their 21 location As in item 1(b)

Whether any alternative power supply is available for fire lifts, emergency lights Alternate diesel pump is available for wet 22 and pumps of wet riser ( their rated riser capacity)

Whether safety officer available round the clock and if so, whether his 23 subordinates are trained by local fire Yes services

Whether fire drill has been conducted and joint evacuation drill has been Joint evacuation drill has been conducted 24 conducted by the security officer and the during October 2016 along with fire local fire officer department officials

Details of present inspections to comply 26 table 3 in part IV of NBC of India 1983 As below

a. Wet riser 13 Nos

b. Hose reel 96 Nos

c. Details of hoses 182 Nos

ABC type - 6kg - 93 Nos extinguishers - their nos and d. Co2 Type - 4.5 kg - 14 Nos capacity Co2 type - 22.50 kg - 7 Nos

e. Hydrants 109 Nos Available in all floor ( Temporarily suspended f. Sprinklers ) water supply details such as g. Underground Tank / or terrace Fire Sump - 5.00 lakh litres capacity tank

h. Fire buckets with stand Nil Whether copy of approved plan of the 27 building is enclosed No

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS IN TAMILNADU GOVERNMENT MULTI SUPER SPECIALTY HOSPITAL AT OMANDURAR GOVERNMENT ESTATE, CHENNAI – 600 002

AS PER TAMILNADU Sl.No. DESCRIPTION FIRE & RESCUE AVAILABLE SERVICE NORMS FOR EVERY 1000 M2 - 1 91 Nos @ 1 WET RISER No. 1000m2/each 2 FIRE FIGHTING UG SUMP 150000 Litres 500000 Litres 3 TERRACE OHT 20000 Litres 55000 Litres FIRE FIGHTING UG SUMP - 4 2280 LPM 4550 LPM MOTOR 5 ALTERNATE DIESEL PUMP 2280 LPM 4550 LPM 6 JOCKEY PUMP 180 LPM 10.80 m3/s provided with NRV (4 ways) near 7 FIRE SERVICE INLET To be provided Omandurar Estate Metro Station 30m length of 20mm 8 HOSE ASSEMBLY Every 1000 m2 dia hose provided at every 1000m2 13 Nos Yard Hydrant 9 YARD HYDRANT Every 30m interval provided at 30m interval

Existing in all floors To be Provided at all 10 FIRE ALARMS (Usage Temporarily floors suspended) Existing in all floors AUTOMATIC DETECTION To be Provided at all 11 (Usage Temporarily SYSTEM floors suspended) Existing in all floors AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER To be Provided at all 12 (Usage Temporarily SYSTEM floors suspended) To be Provided at all 13 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM Provided in all floors floors Generator system ALTERNATE INDEPENDENT 14 To be Provided with Diesel is POWER SYSTEM provided 2 Ramps in 1:10 Ramp in 1:10 at Exit 15 RAMP FOR EXIT slope provided at exit point points 16 RAMP WIDTH 2.10 2.10 EXIT STAIRCASE WITH Provided at all AUTOMATIC SELF CLOSING 17 To be provided staircases and FIRE CHECK DOORS Electrical rooms

MINIMUM WIDTH OF 18 2.40 3.00 CORRIDOR Isolated from 19 MANIFOLD Isolated Hospital Covered car parking with Open car parking 20 CAR PARKING automatic sprinkler system system to be provided OPEn SPACE AROUND THE 21 7.00 m minimum - 7.50 m BUILDING 22 WIDTH OF MAIN GATE 4.50 m 7.00 m 23 EXIT STAIRCASE WIDTH 2.00 m 4.00 m 24 LOUVERED WINDOWS 2 2 maintained by well 25 PERIODICAL MAINTENACE Should be done experienced fire fighting contractors 26 REGULAR MOCK DRILL Every 6 months Every 6 months Separate 1 No. Outside 27 FIRE SERVICE LIFT Not available the building

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS IN TAMILNADU GOVERNMENT MULTI SUPER SPECIALTY HOSPITAL AT OMANDURAR GOVERNMENT ESTATE, CHENNAI - 02

AVAILABLE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS

WET RISER FOURWAY FIRE EXTINGUISHER HOSE WITH HOSE YARD FIRE WATER Sl.No. LOCATION REEL HYDRANT REEL BOX HYDRANT BRIGADE MONITOR CO2 CO2 ABC DRUM 22.50 Kg 4.50 Kg 6Kg VALVE UNIT

1GROUND FLOOR 1 11 13 13 13 13 2FIRST FLOOR 1 - 10 13 13 13 3SECOND FLOOR 1 - 14 13 13 13 4THIRD FLOOR 1 - 14 13 13 13 5FOURTH FLOOR 1 - 14 13 13 13 6FIFTH FLOOR 1 - 14 13 13 13 7SIXTH FLOOR 1 - 14 13 13 13 8LAWN --- 13 14 9DRIVE WAY - - - 5 5 5 TOTAL 7 11 93 96 96 13 96 1 4

8.2. CASE STUDY ON FIRE SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS IN RAJIV GANDHI GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL, CHENNAI-3

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS IN RAJIV GANDHI GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL, CHENNAI - 03

AVAILABLE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS –Tower Block 1

Fire WET FOURWAY Extinguisher RISER HOSE HOSE Sl. YARD FIRE LOCATION CO2 WITH REEL REEL No. DCP HYDRANT BRIGADE 4.50 HYDRANT BOX DRUM 10KG UNIT Kg VALVE 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 2 FIRST FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 3 SECOND FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 4 THIRD FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 5 FOURTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 6 FIFTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 7 SIXTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 8 BASEMENT 1 8 4 4 1 4 1 Total 8 64 32 32 1 32 1

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS IN RAJIV GANDHI GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL, CHENNAI – 03

AVAILABLE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS in Tower Block II

WET RISE R FOURWA HOSE YARD HOSE Fire WITH Y FIRE REEL HYDRA REEL Sl. Extinguisher HYDR BRIGAD LOCATION BOX NT DRUM No. ANT E UNIT VALV E CO2 DCP 4.50 Kg 10KG 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 2 FIRST FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 3 SECOND FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 4 THIRD FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 5 FOURTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 6 FIFTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 7 SIXTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4 8 BASEMENT 1 8 4 4 1 4 1

Total 8 64 32 32 1 32 1

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS IN RAJIV GANDHI GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL, CHENNAI - 03

AVAILABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Sl. No. LOCATION DCP 5KG I SPECIALITY BLOCK

1 GROUND FLOOR 2 2 FIRST FLOOR 2 3 SECOND FLOOR 2 4 THIRD FLOOR 2 5 FOURTH FLOOR 2 6 FIFTH FLOOR 2 7 SIXTH FLOOR 2 II BIR BLOCK 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 2 FIRST FLOOR 1

III PSYCHIATRY BLOCK 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 2 FIRST FLOOR 1

IV STD BLOCK 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 2 FIRST FLOOR 1 3 SECOND FLOOR 1

V CARDIO THORACIC 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 2 FIRST FLOOR 1 3 SECOND FLOOR 1 4 THIRD FLOOR 1 5 FOURTH FLOOR 1 6 FIFTH FLOOR 1 7 SIXTH FLOOR 1 8 SEVENTH FLOOR 1

VI CARDIOLOGY BLOCK 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 2 FIRST FLOOR 1 3 SECOND FLOOR 1 4 THIRD FLOOR 1 5 FOURTH FLOOR 1

6 FIFTH FLOOR 1 7 SIXTH FLOOR 1 8 SEVENTH FLOOR 1

VII NEUROLOGY BLOCK 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 2 FIRST FLOOR 1 3 SECOND FLOOR 1 4 THIRD FLOOR 1 5 FOURTH FLOOR 1 6 FIFTH FLOOR 1 7 SIXTH FLOOR 1

VIII SURGICAL BLOCK 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 2 FIRST FLOOR 1 3 SECOND FLOOR 1

IX ORTHO BLOCK 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 2 FIRST FLOOR 1 3 SECOND FLOOR 1 4 THIRD FLOOR 1

TOTAL 51

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS IN RAJIV GANDHI GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL, CHENNAI - 03 AS PER AVAILABLE Sl. TAMILNADU FIRE DESCRIPTION Tower block No. & RESCUE Tower block I II SERVICE NORMS FOR EVERY 1000 M2 32 Nos @ 1000 32 Nos @ 1000 1 WET RISER - /m2/each /m2/each 1 No.

FIRE FIGHTING UG 279000 279000 2 150000 Litres SUMP lites lites

60000 60000 3 TERRACE OHT 20000 Litres litres litres FIRE FIGHTING UG 4 2280 LPM YES YES SUMP - MOTOR ALTERNATE DIESEL 5 2280 LPM PUMP YES

6 JOCKEY PUMP 180 LPM

To be 7 FIRE SERVICE INLET To be provided 1 provided Every 30m 8 YARD HYDRANT 1 1 interval

To be Provided available available 9 FIRE ALARMS at all floors

AUTOMATIC To be Provided at available available 10 DETECTION SYSTEM all floors

AUTOMATIC To be Provided at all 11 Not avaiable Not avaiable SPRINKLER SYSTEM floors

PUBLIC ADDRESS To be Provided at available available 12 SYSTEM all floors ALTERNATE Gen set Gen set 13 INDEPENDENT To be Provided available available POWER SYSTEM

Ramp in 1:10 Ramp in 1:10 Ramp in 1:10 14 RAMP FOR EXIT at Exit point at Exit point at Exit point

15 RAMP WIDTH 2.10 2.10 2.10 EXIT STAIRCASE WITH AUTOMATIC 16 To be provided Not avaiable Not avaiable SELF CLOSING FIRE CHECK DOORS MINIMUM WIDTH OF 17 2.40 3.00 3.00 CORRIDOR Isolated from 18 MANIFOLD Isolated NIL Hospital

OPEn SPACE AROUND 19 7.00 m 7.40 7.40 THE BUILDING WIDTH OF MAIN 20 4.50 m 5 5 GATE EXIT STAIRCASE 21 2.00 m 4 4 WIDTH 22 LOUVERED WINDOWS 2 6 6 REGULAR MOCK Every Every 23 Every 6 months DRILL 6 months 6 months

Separate 1 No. 24 FIRE SERVICE LIFT To be Provided To be Provided Outside the building

9. A CASE STUDY OF PRE TSUNAMY CYCLONE SHELTERS AND POST TSUNAMI CONSTRUCTION OF NEW MULT PURPOSE EVACUATION SHELTERS

PRE DISASTER ARRANGEMENTS IN EMERGENCY CYCLONE SHELTERS

9.1. During the Tsunami in 2004 there were existing 123 cyclone shelters. Those buildings were constructed during the period 1979 to 1991 along the coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu to provide safe shelter for the large number of people in the coastal area. The available Cyclone shelters were in circular shape and could be used only during emergency periods like Cyclone, Tsunami etc.

9.2. For 114 cyclone shelters repair and renovation works for an amount of Rs.251 Lakhs were carried out under Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project

PICTURE OF OLD TYPE CYCLONE SHELTERS AFTER REHABILITATION

9.3. These shelters could not be utilized during normal periods for any community functions as the shape of the building is not suitable for such purposes and are in remote places Those existing Cyclone Shelters were not used due to following reasons

1. There was limited capacity in Cyclone Shelters and these facilities could not provide shelter to everyone in a community.

2. Cyclone Shelters could not permit pets due to limited ability to cater for pets and people in the same space pet owners will need to identify, early in their cyclone planning, other arrangements for sheltering their pets.

3. Cyclone shelters could not have enough space for bedding and personal goods – as it takes up valuable floor space.

4. Cyclone Shelters would be used to accommodate as many people as is possible in the available space and most people had to be seated in a chair and would not be able to lie or sit on a mattress or stretcher. Older adults and children were unlikely to be able to fall asleep in a shelter.

5. Cyclone Shelters were not intended to be evacuation centres or recovery centres that were established only to provide relief services and housing over an extended period for people whose houses were damaged or destroyed during the event. When the Cyclone had passed persons sheltering in the building would be directed elsewhere. 6. Cyclone Shelters would become cramped, crowded, noisy, smelly with no privacy.

7. Cyclone Shelters were established as a safe place away from the habitation in an elevated area.

POST DISASTER APPROACH IN CONSTRUCTING NEW MULT PURPOSE EVACUATION SHELTER

9.4. From the lessons learnt from the relief operations during the 2004 Tsunami a new approach was evolved with the following aspects. • Assessment of need: People living very close to the sea and are vulnerable to the damages caused by frequent natural disaster flood , storm , Tsunami etc. Community consultations were made. • Identification of site: 1. The Government of Tamil Nadu had under taken field visit to study and find out villages / settlements where people do not have access to safe shelters within a radius of 1.5 km free from natural barriers.

2. Based on the findings 145 villages have been identified tentatively, these location have brrn conformed or changes suggested by the consultants as applicable. 3. Government or Poromboke land is prepared for Shelter construction to avoid social issues such as land acquisition and resettlement.

Construction of 121 Multipurpose evacuation shelters in 12 coastal districts of Tamil Nadu under CDRRP with world bank assistance

9.5. Instead of Constructing shelters solely as a refugee camp during Tsunami, Construction of Permanent Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters shall serve the people at all times. Considering this it was proposed to construct the following buildings in 12 coastal districts to a cost of Rs.294.24 crores

9.6. Some of such Permanent Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters are constructed as 500 People Capacity School Building, 1000 People Capacity School Building, 1000 People Capacity Community Hall Building, 2000 People Capacity Community Hall Building, 3000 People Capacity Community Hall Building, PHC Waiting Hall, Fisheries Staff Training Institute.

9.7. Generally the following features can be seen in a typical Multipurpose Evacuation Shelter

Plinth area : Ground floor - 724.00 Sq.m First floor - 724.00 Sq.m Total Area - 1448.00Sq.m

Ground floor Stilt floor for cattle accommodation.

First floor-Carpet area – 409.69 Sq.m Area required for one person - 1.00 Sq.m No. of persons can be accommodated - 410 Nos. Terrace floor- Helipad arrangement (with free access area of 564 Sq.m)

SPECIAL FEATURES :-

‹ Easy approach. Accommodation - 410 persons (409.69 Sq.m.) ‹ Kitchen, Store pantry. - 76.19 Sq.m.

‹ Dispensary - 23.00 Sq.m. ‹ Separate Internal and external water supply Arrangements. ‹ Separate Internal and external Sanitary Arrangements. ‹ Separate Internal and external Electrification Arrangements. ‹ One Generator Set. ‹ Ramp for disabled and Children. ‹ With standing Severe Cyclones, earthquakes, inundation, floods, Tsunami etc., ‹ Easy approach

DESIGN CRITERIA:-

‹ Strom surge level at the site is 3.00m above ground level. ‹ The proposed basement level is 1.50m above the ground level. ‹ It is proposed to provide STILT FLOOR. ‹ STILT FLOOR on the ground floor can be used by providing temporary partitions of concrete benches. ‹ Rain water harvesting is done for providing water supply during cyclone storm surge period. ‹ RCC frames with non load bearing wall laterally supported by filler walls and deeper foundation on elevated ground to avoid submerge of main building during Cyclone. 9.8. Setting up Maintenance arrangements:

Formation of Shelter Management Committee is under process by SIRD. 9.9. Construction, certification and hand over

The completed MEPS as School building has building has been handed over to the Education Department and the Community Hall building has been handed over to the Town Panchayat .

The School building key will be with the Head Master and the Community Hall building key will be with the Panchayat President or the convenient person with the knowledge of the president it could be kept with the care taking team. No others will be allowed to keep the key with them

A SCHOOL BUILDING IN THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT

A COMMUNITY HALL BUILDING IN CUDDALORE DISTRICT

9.10. . Action plan for the future management of Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters

After formation of Shelter Management Committee , the completed Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters may be used as follows.

During any calamities or any disaster the information will be passed through the Public Administration System will be operated from here.

Monthly Village Restoration Committee meeting will be held.

Emergency meetings in the village like Panchayat meetings will be conducted.

By considering the development of the children’s education evening tuition centre will be conducted with the concern of Shelter Management Committee.

Weekly Self Help Group meeting will be conducted.

Seed could be stored if needed during unavoidable situation with the concern of Shelter Management Committee.

Community function like marriage function, marriage reception, Birth day celebration, Ear ring celebration, could be performed.

Government meetings could be conducted . No political, religion and caste related meetings or gatherings could be conducted.

A separate Register will be maintained for recording the visitors , the chief guest and the programs performed.

10. MULTI PURPOSE EVACUATION SHELTERS - 121 NOS. IN 12 COASTAL DISTRICTS OF TAMILNADU

Sl. Name of Place Type of Building No. Thiruvallur District 1 Thirupalaivanam II (Pulicat [Jameelabath] ) Community Hall (1000) 2 Andarmadam(Pulicat [Kottaikuppam]) Community Hall (2000) 3 Pallipalayam(Annamalaichery) School Building (500) 4 Elavoor - 1 (Sunnambukulam) School Building (500) 5 Elavoor - 2 (Methipalayam ) Community Hall (1000) Kancheepuram District 6 Uthandi School Building(500) 7 Nemmeli School Building(1000) 8 Pattipulam School Building(500) 9 Sholinganallur School Building(1000) 10 Kanathur Community Hall(1000) Villupuram District 11 Bommaiyarpalayam School Building(500) 12 Marakkanam North [Alagankuppam] School Building(500) 13 Kottakuppam School Building(1000) 14 Kottaikuppam Madura/ School Building(500) PeriyamudaliyarchavadiBommaiyarpalayam [Pillai Chavady) 15 Mandavaipudukuppam School Building(500) 16 Marakkanam South [Ekkairkuppam] Community Hall(1000) 17 Panichamedu Community Hall(1000) 18 Anumandaikuppam School Building(500) 19 Chettinagar School Building(500) 20 Nochikuppam Community Hall(2000) 21 Keelputhupattu School Building(500) 22 Pudupattinam Community Hall(1000) Koonimedukuppam Community Hall(1000) Cuddalore District 23 Pachayankuppam H/O Sothikuppam School Building(1000) 24 Kudikadu H/O Eachankadu Community Hall(1000) 25 Thiyagavalli Community Hall(1000) 26 Thiyagavalli [Madurai Naickenpettai] Community Hall(1000) 27 Thirunaraiyur Community Hall(2000) 28 Keezhakundalavadi Community Hall(1000) 29 Ambikapuram Community Hall(1000) 30 Veerankoilthittu Community Hall(1000) 31 Killai [North] Kozhaiayru Community Hall(1000) 32 Pinnathur [East] Community Hall(2000) 33 Thillaividangan [South] Community Hall(1000) 34 Killai [North] MGR Thittu Community Hall(1000) 35 Parangipettai Community Hall(2000) 36 PunjaiMagathuvaizhaikai Community Hall(2000) Nagapattinam District 37 Pachayankuppam H/O Sothikuppam School Building(1000) 38 Kudikadu H/O Eachankadu Community Hall(1000) 39 Thiyagavalli Community Hall(1000)

40 Thiyagavalli [Madurai Naickenpettai] Community Hall(1000) 41 Thirunaraiyur Community Hall(2000) 42 Keezhakundalavadi Community Hall(1000) 43 Ambikapuram Community Hall(1000) 44 Veerankoilthittu Community Hall(1000) 45 Killai [North] Kozhaiayru Community Hall(1000) Thiruvarur District 46 Jambuvanodai Community Hall(1000) 47 Idumbavanam School Building(1000) 48 ThillaiVizhagam Community Hall(1000) 49 Karpaganatherkulam Community Hall(2000) 50 Thondiayakadu Community Hall(2000) 51 Vilangadu Community Hall(1000) Thanjavur District 52 Kuppathevan [SembianmadeviPattinam]/ School Building(500) Manthiripattinam 53 Thiruvathevan [Annanagarpudutheru] School Building(500) 54 Senthalaivayal School Building(500) 55 Thiruvathevan [Somanathapattinam] Community Hall(1000) 56 Vilangulam School Building(500) 57 Nadium / Pilliarthidal School Building(500) 58 Marakkavalasai School Building(500) 59 Karisavayal School Building(500) 60 Pudupattinam Community Hall(1000) 61 Kallivayal School Building(1000) 62 Rajamadam [Keezhathottam] School Building(500) 63 Kollakadu School Building(500) 64 Palanjur School Building(500) 65 Adirampattinam School Building(1000) Pudukottai District 66 Pilliarthidal Community Hall(1000) 67 Manmelkudi Community Hall(1000) 68 Pariyamadaipaichal School Building(500) 69 Nattanipursakudi / R.Pudupattinam Community Hall(1000) 70 Kattumavadi [Alaganvayal] School Building(500) 71 Mumbalai School Building(500) 72 Mimisal Community Hall(1000) 73 Nattanipurasakidi / Muthukuda Community Hall(1000) 74 Avudaiyarpattinam Community Hall(1000) 75 Kottaipattinam School Building(500) Ramanathapuram District 76 Muthuraghunathapuram [Pethanandal] School Building(500) 77 Iranian Valasai Community Hall(1000) 78 Therbogi Community Hall(1000) 79 AlagankulamPudikudiyiruppu School Building(500) 80 Mandapam School Building(1000) 81 Santhakonvalasai School Building(500) 82 Vedalai School Building(500) 83 Sundaramudaiyan School Building(500) 84 Pirappanvalasai School Building(1000) 85 Rameswaram [Natarajapuram] Community Hall(1000) 86 Rameswaram town -1 School Building(500) 87 Rameswaram south /Karaiyur School Building(1000) 88 Rameswaram / Sambai School Building(1000) 89 Pamban School Building(1000)

90 T. Mariyur School Building(500) 91 Keelamunthal Community Hall(1000) 92 Thiruppalaikudi/ Adanchari Community Hall(1000) 93 Kannirajapuram School Building(1000) 94 Kannigapuri Community Hall(1000) 95 Kalpar Community Hall(1000) 96 Earwadi School Building(1000) 97 Nambuthalai / Vadi Community Hall(2000) 98 Mullimunai Community Hall(1000) Thoothukudi District 99 Vembar School Building(1000) 100 Siluvaipatti H/o Mappilaiyurani Community Hall(2000) 101 Kayalpattinam School Building(1000) 102 KeelaThiruchendur [Amali Nagar] School Building(1000) 103 Tharuvaikulam School Building(1000) Tirunelveli District 104 Chettikulam School Building(500) 105 Karaisithuoveri Community Hall(2000) 106 Kuttam [Annanagar, Kuttapanai] Community Hall(1000) 107 Kuttam [Kuduthalai] School Building(500) 108 Vijayapathi @ Uvari Community Hall(2000) 109 Thiruvembalapuram @ Kootupuli Community Hall(3000) Kanyakumari District 110 Kanniyakumari School Building(500) 111 Thengamputhur (Melamanakudi) PHC 112 Kadiapattinam-Muttom PHC 113 Periyavilai School Building(500) 114 Colachel School Building(1000) 115 Midalam School Building(500) 116 Pozhikarai / Rajakkamangalam PHC 117 Enayaputhanthurai / Kiliyur School Building(1000) 118 Ezhudesam/ Erayumanthurai School Building(500) 119 Poothurai School Building(500) 120 Kollencode / Vallavilai School Building(500) 121 Neerodi / Marthandanthurai PHC

11. District Level PWD contact person during the period of Disaster

Name of Division Office No

Executive Engineer, PWD., South Presidency Division, 044-28517520 Chennai-5 Executive Engineer, PWD., North Presidency Division, 044-28516568 Chennai-5 Executive Engineer, PWD., Construction Division- I, 28410402 Ext-293 Chennai-5 Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 27661174 Tiruvellore Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 27238672 Kancheepuram Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04146-226793 Villupuram Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04142-230274 Cuddalore Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 0416-2220113 Vellore Executive Engineer, PWD., 04175-236068 Buildings (C&M) Division, Thiruvannamalai Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04286-230966 Namakkal Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 0427-2413116 Salem Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04329-224550 Ariyalur Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04342-230161 Dharmapuri Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 0424-2265650 Erode Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 0422-2395521 Coimbatore Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04324-231630 Karur

Name of Division Office No

Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 0423-2450123 Ooty Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 0431-2771632 Trichy Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04322-221596 Pudukottai Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04362-230323 Thanjavur Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 0452-2530718 Madurai Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04567-230728 Ramnad Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 0451-2427432 Dindigul Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04546-260429 Theni Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 0461-2325039 Tutucurin Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 0462-2585555 Tirunelveli Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04562-244711 Virudhunagar Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, 04652-278330 Nagercoil

12. DISASTER HAZARD SPECIFIC RESPONSE ACTIONS IN BUILDINGS

12.1. Introduction

Tamil Nadu Public Works Department Buildings wing provides the framework for responding disasters such as Fire, Trapping inside elevator , Flood inside building ,Cyclone/hurricane , evacuation disaster preparedness etc., that may affect the in the building campus. It describe response actions that must be taken during disaster It also provides life safety and emergency response actions within the building. This is applicable during or immediately following disaster within the building.

12.2. Fire

Fire safety and emergency action, BEFORE the fire:

i. Plan and practice escape routes inside building and campus ii. Post emergency numbers near telephones. iii. Review the printed "Guide to Using Portable Fire Extinguishers" iv. Do not store combustible materials near a heat source, in hallways, stairwells or exit paths. v. Extension cords are for temporary needs only. Never run them under carpets or anywhere they can be pinched or crushed. vi. Do not overload electrical outlets by using plug extenders or multiple power strips. vii. Keep all electrical appliances away from anything that can catch fire. Remember always to turn them off at the end of the day. viii. Pay attention to housekeeping issues. ix. Keep your work area neat and tidy and keep combustible such as paper and trash to a minimum. Fire safety and emergency action, DURING the fire:

i. Immediately notify the fire department and your co-workers by pulling the fire alarm

ii. Use a fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire.

iii. Evacuate as quickly and as safely as possible. iv. On your way out, warn others.

v. Close doors and windows if time permits, to delay the spread of the smoke and fire.

vi. Feel closed doors for heat before opening.

vii. Do not open them if they are hot.

viii. Use the stairs to evacuate. Do not use elevators.

ix. If you encounter smoke, stay low to the ground. If possible, cover mouth with a cloth to avoid inhaling smoke and gases.

x. Once outside, go to your building’s tell those in charge there that you are out of the building,

xi. Report injured or trapped persons and any signs of building damage you observed.

xii. Wait for instructions from emergency responders. xiii. Do not re-enter the building until the all clear is given by emergency responders.

xiv. If unable to leave the building, find a location away from the smoke and heat where you can signal for firefighter assistance.

xv. Seal the room. Use wet cloth to stuff around cracks in doors and seal up vents to protect against smoke.

xvi. Do not break windows. Flames and smoke can come back in from the outside.

12.3. Flooding inside the building

i. Stop using electrical equipment. ii. Never attempt to walk or drive through flood waters. iii. Avoid areas where electricity is exposed or near water. iv. Evacuate the building if necessary and proceed to your building’s evacuation shelter v. Call authorities concern for help

12.4. Earthquake i. Stay indoors. Crawl under a table or desk or brace yourself by standing in an interior doorway.

ii. Do not use elevators, electrical equipment or telephone.

iii. Do not use open flame.

iv. Be prepared for aftershocks.

12.5. High winds / hurricane attacks the building

i. Stay indoors.

ii. Move away from windows and open doors (preferably into an interior hallway). If possible, move to the lowest level of the building.

iii. Do not use elevators, electrical equipment or telephone.

iv. Sit on the floor and cover your head with your arms to protect from flying debris

12.6. Trapped in an elevator:

i. Use the emergency telephone inside the elevator to call for assistance.

ii. Press the elevator alarm inside the elevator to signal for help.

iii. Use your cell phone to inform others

12.7. Building Evacuation [Incidents occurring inside this building]

i. In the event of a sudden emergency, such as a fire, natural gas leak, or hazardous materials spill within the building, all occupants may have to evacuate. ii. Building evacuation plans with evacuation routes highlighted are to be posted throughout the building.

If an evacuation of the building is necessary:

• Pull the fire alarm inside the building for incidents

• Dial to official in charge of building and give details about the hazard

• Evacuate immediately.

• Close doors behind you and do not stop for belongings.

• Use stairways, not elevators.

• Evacuate to at least 50 feet from building and remain there until accounted for.

• Attempt to account for everyone in the department.

• Do not re-enter the building until fire department officials, or other designated safety personnel communicate that it is safe to return.

• User department officials should determine whether employees should seek shelter in another facility or leave campus.

12.8. Shelter in place

1. A situation may occur at the safest action will be to shelter in place.

2. Situations such as cyclones/hurricanes, floods falls on building may cause departmental officials to give a shelter.

3. When a shelter given, the following steps should be taken:

4. Do not leave the building. Find a safe place within the building to stay and wait for further information.

5. For which the Government of Tamil Nadu constructed evacuation shelters on the sea shore areas throughout state.

6. Wait for the "all clear" to be given before leaving safe shelter

12.9. Communications

1. When an emergency or disaster is announced, or if building occupants are alerted to an emergency, all building occupants should notify others in the area. Emergency personnel should be notified.

2. In coordination with the building coordinator, all occupants should ensure that the appropriate protective action (evacuation, shelter in place, etc.) is communicated as much as possible.

3. User departments should maintain a call roster of all people so that they may contact them later.

4. The building coordinator, in coordination with emergency officials and department heads, will make the determination to take proactive action.

5. The majority of communications during an emergency or disaster incident in the building will be face-to-face.

12.10. Emergency Preparedness of occupants of the buildings

1. Emergency preparedness is the responsibility of every department, member, staff member and every one inside the building.

2. Actively participate in fire safety training including fire extinguisher training and fire evacuation drills

3. Become familiar with your work areas and building.

4. Pay attention to the location of fire evacuation maps, fire extinguishers, fire alarm pull stations, and other fire and life safety equipment in the building.

5. Recognize potential fire hazards and report them immediately.

6. Keep your work areas clean and free of debris and other combustible materials.

7. Make building security.

8. Use caution when approaching suspicious situations, people, packages, etc. Maintain accountability of your personal belongings.

9. Register your cell phone for emergency alerts

10.Remain aware of your surroundings.

12.11. The building coordinator

The user department shall appoint building coordinator, the building coordinator should be:

1. A Responsible employee that can make decisions in a high stress environment. 2. Knowledgeable about the departments occupying the building

3. Someone who maintains a regular work schedule within the building.

4. Someone who is able to build relationships and effectively communicate with other departments staff within the building.

5. They serve as the communication liaison between emergency service agencies and building occupants.

6. In respect of Pubtic Works Department, the Executive Engineer of Building Construction and Maintenance Division PWD of respective districts of Tamilnadu will be the contact person by the building coordinator of user department. The list of addresses and Phone numbers are enclosed in Chapter 11.

1,2.12. For disaster -temporary maintenance of the building :

For disaster preparedness, the temporary maintenance for all Government Buildings maintained by PWD are carried out based on the priority list furnished by the various user department from the budget provision under Maintenance and Head of respective departments

L2.L3. For disaster - permanent maintenance of the building : If case of permanent requirements towards attending disaster works in the buildings, necessary funds , If it is not prioritized under routine Maintenance and Repair by the user department a separate specific sanction will be demanded.

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