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Juty 2011 Public Disclosure Authorized Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

Table of Content

Introduction 1

Thirunelveli District...... 2 2.1. Brief Profile of the District ...... 2 2.2 Vijayapathi Village ...... 3 2.2.1. Introduction ...... 3 2.2.2. Vijayapathi Village Location ...... 3 2.2.3. Project Location ...... 3 2.2. 4. Project Description ...... 4 2.2.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 5 2.3. Thiruvembalapuram Village ...... 7 2.3.1. Introduction ...... 7 2.3.2. Village Location...... 7 2.3.3. Project Location ...... 7 2.3.4. Project Description ...... 7 2.5.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 8

Kancheepuram District ...... 10 3.1. Brief Profile of the District ...... 10 3.2. Uthandi Village ...... 11 3.2.1. Introduction ...... 11 3.2.2. Uthandi Village Location...... 11 3.2.3. Project Location ...... 11 3.2.4. Project Description ...... 12 3.2.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... :························· 13 3.3. Pudupattinam Village ...... 15 3.3.1. Introduction ...... 15 3.3.2. Pudupattinam Village Location ...... 15 3.3.3. Project Location ...... 15 3.3.4. Project Description ...... 15 3.3.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 18

Cuddalore District ...... 19 4.1. Brief Profile of the District ...... 19 4.2. Killai (North) Kozhaiyarau Village ...... 20 4.2. 1. Introduction ...... 20 4.2.2. Killai (North) Kozhaiyarau Village Location ...... 20 4. 2. 3. Project Location ...... 20 4.2.4. Project Description ...... 20 4. 6. 5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 21 4.3. Thiyagavallimadura Nayakanpettai ...... 23 4.3.1. Introduction ...... 23 4.3.2. Village Location ...... 23 4.3.3. Project Location ...... 23 4.3.4. Project Description...... 23 4.3.5. Environmental Profile of the Project Area ...... 26

Nagapattinam ··································4······················································································27 5.1. Brief profile of the District ...... 27 5.2. Velankanni ...... 28 5.2.1. Introduction ...... 28 5.2.2. Village Location...... 28 5.2.3. Project Location ...... 28 5.2.4. Project Description ...... 28

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited ii Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report ll Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

5.2.5. Environmental profile of the Project area ...... 30 5.3 Manickapangu Village ...... 32 5.3.1. Introduction ...... 32 5.3.2. Manickapangu Village Location ...... 32 5.3.3. Project Location ...... 32 5.3.4. Project Description ...... 32 5.3.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 35 5.4. Kaveripoompattinam Village ...... 35 5.4.1. Introduction ...... 35 5.4.2. KaveripoompattinamVillage Location ...... 35 5.4.3. Project Location ...... 35 5.4.4. Project Description ...... 35 5.4.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 38 5.5. Vanagiri Village ...... 38 5.5.1. Introduction ...... 38 5.5.2 Vanagiri Village Location ...... 38 5.5.3 Project Location ...... 38 5.5.4 Project Description ...... 38 5.5.5 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 39

Pudukottai District...... 41 6.1. lntroduction ...... 41 6.2. Anthonyarpuram (Manamelkudi) ...... 41 6.2.1. Introduction ...... 41 6.2.2. Anthonyarpuram Village Location ...... 41 6.2.3. Project Location ...... 42 6.2.4. Project Description ...... 42 6.2.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 43 6.3. Avudaiyarpattinam ...... 45 6. 3.1. Introduction ...... 45 6.3.2. Avudaiyarpattinam Village Location ...... 45 6.3.3. Project Location ...... 45 6. 3. 4. Project description...... 45 6.3.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 46 6.4. Kottaipattinam ...... 48 6.4.1. Introduction ...... 48 6.4.2. Village Location...... 48 6.4. 3. Project Location ...... 48 6.4.4. Project Description ...... 48 6.4.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 49 6.5. Nattanipurasaikudi (R.Puthupattinam) ...... , ...... 51 6.5.1. Introduction ...... 51 6.5.2. R. Puthupattinam Village Location ...... 51 6.5. 3. Project Location ...... 51 6.5. 4. Project Description ...... 51 6.5.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 52 6.6 Pillaiyarthidal Village ...... · ...... 54 6.6.1 Village Location...... 54 6.6.2 Project Location ...... 54 6.6.3 Project Description ...... 54 6.6.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 55 6.7 Peiyamadaipaichal (Palakudi) Village ...... ,58 6. 7.1 Village Location...... 58 6.7.2 Project Location ...... 58 6.7.3 Project Description ...... 58 6.7.4 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 59

Ramanathapuram District ...... 62

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited iii Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

7.1. Introduction ...... 62 7.2. Muthuregunathapuram ...... 63 7.2.1. Introduction ...... 63 7.2.2. Village Location ...... 63 7.2.3. Project Location ...... 64 7.2.4. Project Description ...... 64 7.2.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 67 7.3 Iranian Valasai Village ...... 67 7. 3.1. Introduction ...... 67 7.3.2. Iranian Valasai Village Location...... 67 7. 3. 3. Project Location ...... 67 7.3.4. Project Description ...... 67 7.3.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 68 7.4. Town ...... 70 7.4.1. Introduction ...... 70 7.4.2. Village Location ...... 70 7.4.3. Project Location ...... 70 7.4.4. Project Description ...... 70 7. 4. 5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 73 7.5. Mullimunai ...... 73 7.5.1. Introduction ...... 73 7.5.2. Mullimunai Village Location ...... 73 7.5. 3. Project Location ...... 73 7.5.4. Project Description ...... 73 7.5.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 75 7.6. Keelamunthal ...... 76 7. 6.1. Introduction ...... 76 7.6.2. Kee/amunthal Village Location ...... 76 7.6.3. Project Location ...... 76 7.6.4. Project Description ...... 76 7.6.5. Environmental Profile ofProject Area...... 77 7.7. Adancheri ...... 79 7. 7.1. Introduction ...... 79 7. 7. 2. Adancheri Village Location ...... 79 7. 7. 3. Project Location ...... 79 7. 7. 4. Project Description ...... 79 7. 7. 5. Environmental Profile of the Project Area ...... 80 7.8 Natarajapuram (Rameswaram) Village ...... 82 7.8.1. Introduction ...... 82 7.8.2. Natarqjapuram (Rameswaram) Village Location ...... 82 7.8.3. Project Location ...... 82 7.8.4. Project Description ...... 82 7. 8. 5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 85 7.9 Rameswaram (South Karaiyur) Village ...... 85 7. 9.1. Introduction ...... 85 7.9.2. Rameswaram (South Karaiyur) Village Location ...... 85 7.9.3. Project Location ...... 85 7.9.4. Project Description ...... 85 7.9.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 87

Thoothukudi District ...... 89 8.1. Brief Profile of the District ...... 89 8.2. II (Muthariaayr colony) ...... 90 8.2.1. Introduction ...... 90 8.2.2 Location ...... 90 8.2. 3 Project Description ...... 90 8.2.4 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 93 8.3. Kayalpattinam south ...... 94

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited iv Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

8.3.1. Introduction ...... 94 8.3.2 Location ...... 94 8.3.3 Project Description ...... 94 8.3.4 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 97 8.4. Kel Tiruchendur (Aianthalai) ...... 97 8.4.1. Introduction ...... 97 8.4.2. Kef Tiruchendur (alanthalai) Village Location ...... 97 8. 4. 3 Project Location ...... 97 8.4.3 Project Description ...... 97 8.4.4 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 100 8.5. Kulasekaranpattinam (manapadu) ...... 100 8.5.1. Introduction ...... I 00 8.5.2 Location: ...... 100 8.5.3 Project Description: ...... 102 8.5.4 Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 103 8.6. Periathalai ...... 103 8. 6.1. Introduction ...... 103 8.6.2 Location ...... 103 8.6.3 Project Description ...... 105 8.6.4 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 106 8.7 Tiruchendur (Amali Nagar) Village ...... 106 8. 7.1. Introduction ...... 106 8. 7.2. Village Location...... 106 8. 7.3. Project Location ...... 106 8. 7. 4. Project Description ...... 106 8.6.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... ,...... 109 8.8 Tharuvaikulam Village ...... 109 8.8.1. Introduction ...... 109 8.8.2. Tharuvaikulam Village Location ...... 109 8.8.3. Project Location ...... 109 8.8.4. Project Description ...... 109 8.8.5. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 110

Kanyakumari District ...... ll2 9.1 Brief Profile of District ...... 112 9.2. Kanyakumari Village ...... 114 9.2.1. Introduction ...... 114 9. 2. 2. Kanyakumari Village Location ...... 114 9.2. 3. Project Location ...... 114 9.2.4. Project Description ...... 114 9.2. 5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 115 9.3. Pozhikarai, Rajakamangalam ...... 117 9.3.1. Introduction ...... 117 9.3.2. Location ...... 117 9.3.3 Project Description ...... 119 9.3.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 120 9.4 Pozhikarai,Puthenthurai, Kesavanputhenthurai ...... 120 9.4.1 General ...... 120 9.4.2 Location ...... 120 9.4.3 Project Description ...... 122 9.4.4. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 12 3 9.5 Thoothur ...... 123 9.5.1. General ...... 123 9.5.2. Location ...... 123 9.5.3. Project Description ...... 124 9.5.4. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 126 9.6 Vallavilai ...... 127 9.6.1. Genaral ...... 127

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited v Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

9.6.2. Location ...... I27 9.6.3. Project Description ...... I27 9.6.4. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... I29 9.7 N eerodi, ...... 131 9. 7.I. Introduction ...... I3I 9. 7. 2. Village Location...... I3I 9. 7. 3. Project Description ...... I3I 9. 7. 4. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... I3 3 9.8 Village ...... 135 9.8.I. Introduction ...... I35 9.8.2. Midalam Village Location ...... I35 9.8. 3. Project Location ...... I35 9.8.4. Project Description...... I35 9.8.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 136

Villupuram District ...... 138 10.1. Brief Profile ofVillupuram District ...... 138 10.2. Bommaiyarpalayam (Pillaichavadi) ...... 140 I0.2.I General ...... I40 I0.2.2 Location ...... I40 I0.2.3 Project Description ...... I40 I0.2.4 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... I43 10.3. Panichamedu ...... 143 I0.3.I General ...... I43 I0.3.2 Location: ...... I43 I0.3.3 Project Description ...... I43 I 0. 3.4 Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... I45 10.4. South (Ekkaiarkuppam) ...... 147 I0.4.I General ...... I47 I0.4.2 Location ...... I47 I0.4.3 Project Description ...... I48 I 0. 4. 4 Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... I49 10.5. Mandavai Pudukuppam ...... 151 I0.5.I General ...... I5I I0.5.2 Location ...... I5I I0.5.3 Project Description ...... I5I I0.5.4 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... I 54 10.6. Chettinagar ...... 155 I0.6.I General ...... I55 I 0. 6.2 Location ...... I 55 I0.6.3 Project Description ...... I 57 I 0. 6. 4 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... I 58 10.7. Nochikuppam ...... 158 I0.7.I General ...... I58 I 0. 7.2 Location ...... I 58 I 0. 7. 3 Project Description ...... I 58 I 0. 7.4 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... I6I 10.8. Keelputhupattu ...... 161 I0.8.I General ...... I6I I0.8.2 Location ...... I6I I0.8.3 Project Description ...... I63 I 0. 8.4 Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... I64 10.9. Anumandaikuppam ...... 164 I0.9.1. General ...... I64 I0.9.2 Location ...... I64 I0.9.3 Project Description ...... I65 I 0. 9. 4 Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... I67

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited VI Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

List of Tables TABLE2.1. CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN THIRUVARUR DISTRICT...... 2 TABLE2.2 PROJECT DETAILS OF VUA YAPATHI VILLAGE IN THIRUNELVELI DISTRICT ...... 4 TABLE2.3: PROJECT DETAILS OF THIRUVEMBALAPURAM VILLAGE IN THIRUNELVELI DISTRICT ...... 7 TABLE 3.1. CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT ... 10 TABLE3.2. PROJECT DETAILS OF UTHANDI VILLAGE IN KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT ...... 12 TABLE 3.3 PROJECT DETAILS OF PUDUPA TTINAM VILLAGE IN KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT ...... 15 TABLE4.1. CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT ... 19 TABLE4.2. PROJECT DETAILS OF KILLAI (NORTH) KOZHAIYARAU VILLAGE IN CUDDALOREDISTRICT ...... 20 TABLE4.3. PROJECT DETAILS OF THIYAGA VALLIMADURA NAYAKKANPETTAI VILLAGE ...... 23 TABLE 5.1 CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN DISTRICT .... 27 TABLE5.2. PROJECT DETAILS OF VELANKANNI VILLAGE ...... 29 TABLE 5.3. PROJECT DETAILS OF MANICKAPANGU VILLAGE IN ...... 32 TABLE 5.4. PROJECT DETAILS OF KAVERIPOOMPATTINAMVILLAGE IN NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT ...... 35 TABLE5.5. PROJECT DETAILS OF VANAGIRI VILLAGE IN NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT ...... 38 TABLE6.1 CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT ... 41 TABLE6.2. PROJECT DETAILS OF ANTHONYARPURAM VILLAGE IN PUDUKOTTAI DISTRICT...... 42 TABLE 6.3. PROJECT DETAILS OF A VUDAIYARPATTINAM VILLAGE IN PUDUKOTTAI DISTRICT ...... 45 TABLE6.4. PROJECT DETAILS OF KOTTAIPATTINAM VILLAGE IN PUDUKOTTAIDISTRICT...... 48 TABLE 6.5. PROJECT DETAILS OF R. PUTHUPATTINAM VILLAGE IN PUDUKOTTAI DISTRICT...... 51 TABLE6.6 PROJECT DETAILS OF PILLAIYARTHIDAL VILLAGE IN PUDUKOTT AI DISTRICT...... 54 TABLE 6.7 PROJECT DETAILS OF PEIYAMADAIPAICHAL (PALAKUDI) VILLAGE IN PUDUKOTTAI DISTRICT. 58 TABLE 7.1 CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT.. .. 63 TABLE7.2. PROJECT DETAILS OF MUTHUREGUNATHAPURAM VILLAGE ...... 64 TABLE 7.3. PROJECT DETAILS OF IRANIAN V ALASAI VILLAGE IN RAMANA THAPURAM DISTRICT ...... 67 TABLE 7.4. PROJECT DETAILS OF RAMESWARAM VILLAGE ...... 70 TABLE 7.5. PROJECT DETAILS OF MULLIMUNAI VILLAGE ...... 74 TABLE 7.6. PROJECT DETAILS OF KEELAMUNTHAL VILLAGE ...... 76 TABLE 7.7. DETAILS OF PROJECT IN ADANCHERI VILLAGE ...... 80 TABLE 7.8. PROJECT DETAILS OF NATARAJAPURAM VILLAGE IN DISTRICT ...... 82 TABLE 7.9. PROJECT DETAILS OF RAMESWARAM (SOUTH KARAIYUR) VILLAGE ...... 86 TABLE 8.1. CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN ...... 89 TABLE8.2: PROJECT DETAILS OF VILLAGE IN THOOTHUKUDI-Il ...... 93 TABLE 8.3: PROJECT DETAILS OF VILLAGE IN KALAY ALPA TTINAM ...... 96 TABLE 8.4: PROJECT DETAILS OF VILLAGE IN ALANTHALAJ...... 99 TABLE 8.5: PROJECT DETAILS OF VILLAGE IN MANAPADU ...... 102 TABLE 8.6: PROJECT DETAILS OF VILLAGE IN ALANTHALAI...... 105 TABLE 8.7: PROJECT DETAILS OF KEELA TIRUCHENDUR VILLAGE IN THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT ...... 106 TABLE 8.8: PROJECT DETAILS OF THARUVAIKULAM VILLAGE IN THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT ...... 109 TABLE9.1: CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN VILLUPURAM DISTRICT ...... 113 TABLE9.2: PROJECT DETAILS OF KANYAKUMARI VILLAGE IN ...... 114 TABLE 9.3: PROJECT DETAILS OF RAJAKAMANGALAM VILLAGE ...... 119 TABLE9.4: PROJECT DETAILS OF PUTHENTHURAI, KESAVANPUTHENHURAI VILLAGE ...... 122 TABLE 9.5: PROJECT DETAILS OF EZHUDESOM ...... 126 TABLE 9. 6: PROJECT DETAILS OF VALLA VILA I -KOLLENKODE VILLAGE ...... 127 TABLE9.7: PROJECT DETAILS OF NEERODI VILLAGE IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT ...... 131 TABLE 9. 9: PROJECT DETAILS OF MIDALAM VILLAGE IN KANNIYAKUMARI DISTRICT ...... 135 TABLE 10.1: CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN VILLUPURAM DISTRICT...... 139 TABLE 10.2: PROJECT DETAILS OF SUNNAMBUKULAM VILLAGE IN THIRUV ALLUR DISTRICT ...... 142 TABLE 10.3: PROJECT DETAILS OF SUNNAMBUKULAM VILLAGE IN THIRUV ALLUR DISTRICT ...... 144 TABLE 10.4: PROJECT DETAILS OF MARAKKANAM SOUTH EKKIYARKUPPAM VILLAGE ...... 148 TABLE 10.5 PROJECT DETAILS OF MANDAVAIPUDUKUPPAM VILLAGE ...... 154 TABLE 10.6: PROJECT DETAILS OF CHETTINAGAR VILLAGE ...... 157 TABLE 10.7: PROJECT DETAILS OF NOCHJKUPPAM VILLAGE ...... 160 TABLE 10.8: PROJECT DETAILS OF KEELPUTHUPATTU VILLAGE ...... 163 TABLE 10.9: PROJECT DETAILS OF ANUMANDAIKUPPAM VILLAGE ...... 167 TABLE 11.1: CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN THIRUVARUR DISTRICT ...... 168 TABLE 11.2 PROJECT DETAILS OF THILLAIVIZHAGAM VILLAGE IN THIRUVARUR DISTRICT ...... 170 TABLE 12.1: CRZ CATEGORIZATION OF EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN THANJA VUR DISTRICT ...... 174 TABLE 12.2. PROJECT DETAILS OF PUDUPATTINAM VILLAGE IN THANJAVUR DISTRICT ...... 175

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited viii Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

Thiruvarur District ...... 168 11.1. Brief Profile of Thiruvarur District ...... 168 11.2 Thillaivizhagam ...... 169 11.2.1. Introduction ...... I69 I 1.2.2 Village Location...... 169 I 1.2.3 Project Location ...... I69 11.2.4 Project details ...... I70 10. 9. 4 Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 17 I

Tbanjavur District ...... 173 12.1. Brief Profile of Thanjavur District ...... 173 12.2. Pudupattinam Village ...... 174 12. 2.1. Introduction ...... 174 12.2.2. Project Location ...... I75 12.2.3. Project Description ...... I75 I2.2.4. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 176 12.3. Karisavayal ...... 178 12.3.1. General ...... 178 I2.3.2. Location ...... 178 12.3.3. Project Description ...... 180 12.3.4 Environmental Profile of the project area ...... 18I 12.4 Nadium ...... 181 I2.4.1. General ...... 18I 12.4.2. Location ...... I8I 12.4.3. Project Description ...... 183 12. 4.4. Environmental Profile of the project area ...... I 84 12.5. Marakkavalasai ...... 184 12.5.1. General ...... 184 I2.5.2. Location ...... 184 12.5.3. Project Description ...... I85 12. 5.4. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... I 87 12.6. Thiruvathevan- 2 ...... 188 12. 6.1. General ...... 188 12.6.2. Location ...... 188 12.6.3. Project Description ...... 188 12. 6. 4. Environmental Profile ofthe project area ...... 191 12.7 Vilangulam Village...... 191 I 2. 7.1. Introduction ...... 191 12. 7.2. Vilangulam Village Location ...... 191 12. 7. 3. Project Location ...... 191 I2. 7.4. Project Description ...... I91 12.7.5. Environmental Profile oftheprojectarea ...... I94

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited vii Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

TABLE 12.3. PROJECT DETAILS OF KARISAVA YAL VILLAGE IN THANJA VUR DISTRICT ...... 180 TABLE 12.4: PROJECT DETAILS OF NADnJM VILLAGE IN THANJAVUR DISTRICT ...... 183 TABLE 12.5: PROJECT DETAILS OF MARAKKAVALASAI VILLAGE IN THANJAVUR DISTRICT ...... 187 TABLE 12.6: PROJECT DETAILS OF THIRUVA THEVAN VILLAGE IN THANJAVUR DISTRICT ...... 190 TABLE 12.6: PROJECT DETAILS OF VILANGULAM VILLAGE IN THANJA VUR DISTRICT ...... 191

List of Plates

PLATE2. 1: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT VUAY APATHI VILLAGE ...... 5 PLATE2.2: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT THIRUVEMBALAPURAM VILLAGE .... 8 PLATE3.1. VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT UTHANDI VILLAGE ...... 13 PLATE3.2. VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT PUDUPATTINAM VILLAGE ...... 16 PLATE4.1 VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT KILLAI VILLAGE ...... 21 PLATE4.2. VIEWS OF SHELTER LOCATION AT THIYAGA VALLIMADURA NAYAKKANPETT AI ...... 24 PLATE 5.1. VIEW OF PROPOSED SHELTER LOCATION AT VELANKANNI VILLAGE...... 29 PLATE 5.3. VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT MANICKAPANGU VILLAGE ...... 33 PLATE5.4. VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION ATKA VERIPOOMPATTINAMVILLAGE .. 36 PLATE5.4. VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT V ANA GIRl VILLAGE ...... 39 PLATE6.1. VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT ANTHONYARPURAM VILLAGE ...... 43 PLATE6.2. VIEW OF THE PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN A VUDAIYARPATTINAM ...... 46 PLATE6.3. VIEW OF THE PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN KOTTAIPATTINAM ...... 49 PLATE6.4. VIEW OF THE PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN R.PUTHUPATTINAM ...... 52 PLATE6.5 VIEW OF THE PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN PILLAIYARTHIDAL ...... 57 PLATE 6.6 VIEWS DEPICTING THE EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AND APPROACH ROUTE IN PERIYAMADAIPOYCHAL ...... 60 PLATE 7 .1. VIEW OF THE PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN MUTHUREGUNA THAPURAM VILLAGE. 65 PLATE 7 .2. VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT IRANIAN V ALASAI VILLAGE ...... 68 PLATE 7.3. VIEW OF THE PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN RAMESWARAM VILLAGE ...... 71 PLATE 7.4. VIEW OF THE PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN MULLIMUNAI...... 75 PLATE 7.5. VIEW OF THE PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN KEELAMUNTHAL...... 77 PLATE 7.6 VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT AD AN CHERI VILLAGE ...... 79 PLATE 7.7. VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT NATARAJAPURAM VILLAGE ...... 83 PLATE 7.8. VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT RAMESWARAM VILLAGE ...... 87 PLATE 8.1: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN THOOTHUKUDI ...... 91 PLATE8.2: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION IN KAYALPA TTINAM ...... 94 PLATE8.3: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT VEMBAR ...... 99 PLATE8.4: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT MANAPADU ...... 100 PLATE8.5: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT PERlATHALA ...... 103 PLATE 8. 6: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT KEELA TIRUCHENDUR VILLAGE .. 107 PLATES. 7: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT THARUVAIKULAM VILLAGE ...... 110 PLATE9. 1: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT UTHANDI VILLAGE ...... 115 PLATE9. 2: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION RAJAKAMANGALAM ...... 117 PLATE 9. 3: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION ...... 120 PLATE 9. 4: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION ...... 124 PLATE9. 5: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION-VALLAVILA!...... 128 PLATE9. 6: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT UTHANDI VILLAGE ...... 132 PLATE9. 7: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT MIDALAM VILLAGE ...... 136 PLATE 10. 1: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER BOMMAIYARPALA YAM (PILLAICHAV ADI) ...... 142 PLATE 10.2: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT P ANICHAMEDU ...... 144 PLATE 10.3: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT MARAKKANAM SOUTH ...... 148 PLATE 10.4 VIEWS OF PROPOSED MANDA VAl PUDUKUPPAM HABITATION ...... 151 PLATE 10.5: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER AT CHETTINAGAR ...... 155 PLATE 10.6: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER AT NOCHIKUPPAM ...... 160 PLATE 10.7: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER AT KEELPUTHUPATTU ...... 163 PLATE 10.8: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER AT ANUMANDAIKUPPAM ...... 165 PLATE 11.1 VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT THILLAIVIZHAGAM VILLAGE ..... 171 PLATE 12. 1: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT SHOLLINGANALLUR VILLAGE ..... 176 PLATE 12.2: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT KARISA VA YAL ...... 178

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PLATE 12.3: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT NADIUM ...... 183 PLATE 12.4: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT MARAKKA VALASAI...... 185 PLATE 12.5: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT THIRUV ATHEVAN ...... 190 PLATE 13.6: VIEWS OF PROPOSED EVACUATION SHELTER LOCATION AT VILANGULAM VILLAGE ...... 192

List of Figures

Figure 2.1. Location Map of Project villages in Tiruvallur District...... 3 Figure 2. 2: Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Vijayapathi Village ...... 6 Figure 2. 3: Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Thiruvembalapuram Village ...... 9 Figure 3.1. Location Map of Project villages in Kancheepuram District ...... II Figure 3.2. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Uthandi Village ...... 14 Figure 3.3. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Pudupattinam Village ...... 17 Figure 4.1 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Killai(North) Village ...... 22 Figure 4.2. Map showing the location of habitations and shelter location at Thiyagavallimadura Nayakkanpettai ...... 25 Figure 5.1 Location Map ofTaluks having project villages in Nagapattinam District ...... 28 Figure 5.2. Map showing the locations ofhabitation and Shelter location ...... 31 Fig 5.3. Map showing location ofhabitations and Shelter location in Manickapangu Village ...... 34 Fig 5.4 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Kaveripoompattinam Village .. 37 Figure 5.5. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Vanagiri Village ...... 40 Figure 6.1. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Anthonyarpuram Village ...... 44 Figure 6.2. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Avudaiyarpattinam ...... 47 Figure 6.3 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Kottaipattinam ...... 50 Figure 6.4. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Puthupattinam ...... 53 Figure 6.5 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Pillaiyarthidal Village ...... 56 Figure 6.6 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Peiyamadaipaichal Village ...... 61 Figure 7.1. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Muthuregunathapuram Village 66 Figure 7.2. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Iranian Valasai Village ...... 69 Figure 7.3. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Rameswaram Village ...... 72 Figure 7.4. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Mullimunai Village ...... 74 Figure 7.5. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Keelamunthal village ...... 78 Figure 7.6. Map showing Location of habitations and shelter location in Adanchery Village ...... 81 Figure 7.7. Map showing location ofhabitations and Shelter location in Natarajapuram Village ...... 84 Figure 8.1. Map showing the location of habitations and Shelter location in Muthariaayr colony Village92 Figure 8.2. Map showing the location of habitations and Shelter location in Kalayalpattinam Village .... 95 Figure 8.3. Map showing the location of habitations and Shelter location in Kel Tiruchendur ...... 98 Figure 8.4: Map showing the location of habitations and Shelter location at Manapadu ...... 101 Figure 8.5. Map showing the location of habitations and Shelter location at Periyathalai ...... 104 Figure 8. 6: Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Keela Tiruchendur Village ..... 108 Figure 8. 7: Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Tharuvaikulam Village ...... Ill Figure 9.1. Location Map ofTaluks having project villages in Kanyakumari District...... 113

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Figure 9.2. Map showing the location of habitations at Kanyakumari ...... 116 Figure 9.3. Map showing the location of habitations at Rajakamangalam ...... 118 Figure 9.4. Map showing the location of habitations at Kesavanputhenthurai ...... 121 Figure 9.5. Map showing the location of habitations at Thoothur ...... 125 Figure 9.6. Map showing the location of habitations at Vallavilai ...... 130 Figure 9.7. Map showing the location of habitations at Neerodi ...... 134 Figure 9.8: Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Midalam Village ...... 137 Figure 10.1. Location Map ofTaluks having project villages in Villuppuram District ...... 139 Figure 10.2. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter at Pillaichavady ...... 141 Figure 10.3. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter locations Panichamedu ...... 146 Figure 10.4. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter locations at Marakkanam South ...... 150 Figure 10.5. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter at Mandavai Pudukuppam ...... 153 Figure 10.6. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter ...... 156 Figure 10.7. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter locations at Nochikuppam ...... 159 Figure 10.8. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter at Keelputhupattu ...... 162 Figure 10.9. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter locations at Anumandhaikuppam ...... 166 Figure 11.1. Location Map ofThiruvarur District ...... 169 Figure 11.2. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Thillaivizhagam Village ...... 172 Figure 12.1 Location Map of Taluks having project villages in Thanjavur District ...... 174 Figure 12.2 Map showing location ofhabitations and Shelter location in Pudupattinam Village ...... 177 Figure 12.3 Map showing location of habitation and Shelter location ...... 179 Figure 12.4 Map showing location of habitation and Shelter location at Nadium ...... 182 Figure 12.5. Map showing location of habitation and Shelter location ...... 186 Figure 12.6. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter locations at Thiruvathevan ...... 189

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Introduction The detailed assessment of project villages of the II project districts falling in CRZ category were carried out with the understanding of the baseline environmental profile of the project area.. The environmental set up of each project village was examined in detail for assessing the environmental and social issues specific to each village with respect to its geographical location, location of the evacuation shelters, presence of environmental and social sensitive features etc. During field visits, baseline environmental data were collected and the focus group discussions were carried out during field studies. Information on the proposed evacuation shelter locations regarding the citing, information on existing evacuation shelters - Tsunami houses, flooding/inundation records of past, distance from major roadway, access facility, suitability of the location etc. was recorded. This exercise was to help to identify the project specific impacts to each village and to prepare site specific mitigation measures to avoid any negative impacts. Village specific environmental settings are covered in this report. This report also highlights the Project details in each village. The structure of the Report is given below: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: District Chapter 3: Kancheepuram District Chapter 4: District Chapter 5: Nagapattinam District Chapter 6: Pudukottai District Chapter 7: Chapter 8: Thoothukudi District Chapter 9: Kanyakumari District Chapter 10: Villuppuram District Chapter 11: Thiruvarur District Chapter 12: Thanjavur District

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Thirunelveli District

2.1. Brief Profile of the District

Thirunelveli the penultimate southern most district of Tamil Nadu. The Thirunelveli District is located in the world map, between 080 8' and 090 23' latitude and 770 09' and 770 54' longitude. The total geographical area of the district is 6,823 sq. km. The district is surrounded by the State ofKerala, Gulf of Mannar and the districts of Virudhunagar, Thoothukudi and Kanniyakumari. Total population of the district is 28, 01,194. The coastal regions are cooler than the interior parts by about a degree in summer and southwest monsoon seasons and warmer by one to two degrees during the rest of the year. From about the middle of February, temperature increases steadily. In May which is usually the hottest month in the interior, the mean daily maximum temperature is 37.1 degree Celsius. The weather is quite hot in May and June and the maximum temperature some times reaches 45 degree Celsius. The average rain fall in the district is 814.8 mm per annum. Koonthankulam Birds Sanctuary is a unique sanctuary actively protected and managed by the Koonthakulam village community. The largest breeding water bird reserve in south attracts more than one lakh birs annually. It is located 35 kms away from Tirunelveli i. More than 43 water birds both resident and migratory are visiting every year regularly .

Total 8 villages under 1 Taluk have been identified for the proposed evacuation shelters in this district. The list of villages is given below Levinja puram(kuttapuli), Chettikulam, Vijayapathi, Thiuvembalapuram, Karaisuttuputhur, Karaisuttu Ovari , Kuttam(anna nagar,kuttapanai) , Kuttam(kuduthalai) Among these Vijayapathi and Thiuvembalapuram falls in CRZ category Table 2.1. CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Thirunelveli District

Sl. Revenue ViUage Survey Distance Distance from Type of CRZ No. of No. from sea Backwater Backwater Category Shelter shore (m) shore(m) body

1 Vijayapathi 345 900 50 Canal III

2 Thiuvembalapuram 468/lAl 900 - - III

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Tirunelveli District Taluks

Table 2.1:

Figure 2.1. Location Map of Project villages in Thirunelveli District 2.2 Vijayapathi Village 2.2.1. Introduction This section presents environmental impact assessment studies on the proposed evacuation shelter at Vijayapathi village of Thirunelveli District. 2.2.2. Vijayapathi Village Location Vijaypathi village has 13 Hamlets. It is located in Radhapuram Revenue Block in Radhapuram Taluk. There are about 13 Hamlets under Vijaypathi, out of which five Hamlets are on sea shore. Mela vijaypathi, Kela vijaypathi, idinthakarai, Thillaivanamthoppu, Thomaiyarpuram and A vadaiyaipuram are the sea shore Hamlets. It is approximately 4 to 5 Km from Kudangulam Thermal Plant. 2.2.3. Project Location The location identified for the construction of evacuation shelter is the land in Survey No. 345 in Arulmugu Viswamithirar Akilanda Eswari Temple compound, kela vijaypathi. Location for the shelter is around 900 m from sea shore. The location of the shelter is at a very high level than the land near sea shore and is found to be suitable. The temple is having electricity and water supply. The shelter at this location is to serve the four hamlets; Idinthakarai, Thillaivanamthoppu, Thomaiyarpuram and A vadaiyaipuram. The proposed site is about 2 km from the Idinthakarai, 800 m from Thillaivanamthoppu; 1.5 km from Thomaiyarpuram and 1.8 km from A vadaiyaipuram. Free land area available at this site is more than 2 acres and the area allotted for the construction of the shelter is 50 cents. The Alternative use of the shelter will be as Community hall. Mela vijaypathi and Kela vijaypathi hamlets are far away from the sea shore so those people are in safer locations and don't need shelter. A colony named CASA colony constructed by an NGO, CASA is located about 1 km from the Idinthakarai habitation and it has one cyclone shelter.

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2.2.4. Project Description The project location is a vacant land and the Survey No. 345. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 2000. The extent of land allotted is 50 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 900m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation varies from 800m to 2000m. Project details of Vijayapathi village are summarized in Table 2.2. Table 2.2 Project details ofVijayapathi village in Thirunelveli District

18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along Nil the evacuation route - and other details

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 2.1. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

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Shelter site near Temple in Kelavijaypathi Road to Thillaivanamthoppu from Shelter location Plate 2. 1 : Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Vijayapathi village

2.2.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a vacant land and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 900m distance and is 50m away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed locations falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological monuments under ASI's CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major or minor eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village.

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_....,__ --...... ---u .. ~ .....y._....,...

Figure 2. 2: Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Vijayapathi Village

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

2.3. Thiruvembalapuram Village 2.3.1. Introduction This section presents environmental impact assessment studies on the proposed evacuation shelter at Thiruvembalapuram village of Thirunelveli District. 2.3.2. Village Location Thiruvambalapuram village has 16 Hamlets. It is located in Radhapuram Revenue Block in Radhapuram Taluk. There are about 16 Hamlets under Thiruvambalapuram, out of which four Hamlets are on sea shore. Nadar kuthankuli, Alagar kuthankuli, Fathima nagar and Kuthankuli are the sea shore Hamlets. 2.3.3. Project Location The location identified for the construction of evacuation shelter is the Salt pan poromboke in Survey No. 468/lAl in Fathima nagar. Location for the shelter is around 900 m from sea shore. The location of the shelter is at quite higher level than the land near sea shore and is found to be suitable for shelter construction. The location has water supply and electricity. The shelter at this location will serve the four hamlets; Nadar kuthankuli, Alagar kuthankuli, Fathima nagar and Kuthankuli. The proposed shelter site is about 500 m from the Kuthankuli, 300 m from Fathima nagar; 1.5 km from Alagar kuthankuli and 1.0 km from Nadar kuthankuli. Free area available at this site is more than 60 cents. And the area allotted for the construction of the shelter is 50 cents. The Alternative use of the shelter will be as Community hall. People living in Tsunami houses near to the shelter location can also make use of shelter. 2.3.4. Project Description The project location is a vacant land and the Survey No. 468/lAl. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 3000. The extent of land allotted is 50 Cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 900m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation varies from 500m to 3000m. Project details of Thiruvembalapuram village are summarized in Table 2.4. Table 2.3: Project details ofThiruvembalapuram village in Thirunelveli District

6 Population of individual habitation

l3 If School building- No of floors and Class rooms

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14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors 2 floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each (Nadar kuthankuli-0.5Km, Alagar Hamlet kuthankuli-3Km, Fathima nagar -1.5Km and Kuthankuli-l.OKm) 16 Type of Road BTandCC 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 6.000Km 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along Reconstruction of750m bridge is the evacuation route - span and other details required.

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 2.4. Figure 2.5 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

. ' "' - '' . (~?'' -· I

~ --~"" ·~-

Shelter location: Salt Poromboke near Inner road of Tsunami colony near Fathima Fathima nagar nagar Plate 2.2: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Thiruvembalapuram village 2.3.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a vacant land and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 900m distance and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed locations falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major or minor eco­ sensitive issues of concern found near the project village

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 8 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report ~ ....~ . ~ . -- . - .. ~· . . ..

...___,..,__,. --.... 1F -

Figure 2. 3: Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Thiruvembalapuram Village

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Kancheepuram District 3.1. Brief Profile of the District

Kancheepuram district is situated on the northern East Coast of Tamil Nadu and is adjacent by and Chennai city and is bounded in the west by and Thiruvannamalai district, in the north by Thiruvallur district and Chennai district, in the south by Villuppuram district in the east by Bay ofBangal. It lies between 11 °00' to 12°00' North latitudes and 77° 28' to 78° 50' East longitudes. The district has a total geographical area of 4393.37 Sq. km and coastline of 57 Km. The Kancheepuram district had a population of 28,77,468 as of 2001. It is 53.34% urbanised. The literacy of the district is 77.61%. The pre-monsoon rainfall is almost uniform throughout the district. The coastal taluks get more rains rather than the interior regions. This district is mainly depending on the seasonal rains, the distress conditions prevail in the event of the failure of rains. Northeast and Southwest monsoon are the major donors with 54% and 36% contribution each to the total annual rainfall. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people with 47% of the population engaged in it.Paddy is the major crop cultivated in this district. Groundnuts, Sugarcane, Cereals & Millets and Pulses are the other major crops. The is one of the most important river running through the district. Tanks and wells are the main sources of irrigation in this district. The Uthandi village selected for the construction of Shelter location is falling under CRZ category. The details are depicted in Table 3.1. Figure 3.1 shows the taluk location of the District. Table 3.1. CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Kancheepuram District

Sl. Revenue Village Survey Distance Distance from Type of CRZ No. No. of from sea Backwater Backwater Category Shelter shore(m) shore (m) body

Sozhinganallur Taluk

1 Uthandi 3/443 500 515 Canal III

2 Puduppatinam 179/2 1400 85 Canal III

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Kancheepuram Distri Taluks Sholinganallur

Figure 3.1. Location Map of Project villages in Kancheepuram District 3.2. Uthandi Village

3.2.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Uthandi village of Kancheepuram District. 3.2.2. Uthandi Village Location Uthandi is a revenue village under the Sholinganallur Taluk of Kancheepuram District. The village Uthandi is located at km 25/4 of (SH-49) and falls at the southern end of Chennai Metropolitan Area limits. State Highway-49 bifurcates the village and from this area Toll road begins. A Toll plaza of this Scenic beautiful High way is located at Uthandi village. 3.2.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in the High School premises in survey no 3/443 of Uthandi Revenue Village which comes under St. Thomas Mount Panchayat Union. The proposed location inside the school campus is opposite to the VGP School of Management and near by International school of Business and Research (IBSR). The habitations of this village are Uthandi village and Nainar Kuppam. Of this Uthandi village is spread on both sides of the East coast Road. The old uthandi village is on the western side of the State Highway and they are not prone to any disaster. The vacant lands available on the eastern sides of Uthandi village have been gradually occupied by big institutions, Posh Bungalows and Farm houses. Nainar kuppam, a fishermen habitation, which is near by the sea is prone to natural calamities or disasters. Hence, only people from Nainar Kuppam are to be served by this evacuation shelter. A village (bitumen) road (Anna street or V.V.V. Salai)) at Km 241740 of East Coast Road (SH-49) is branching towards east leading to the Nainar kuppam habitation of Uthandi village. On this road, the fishermen habitation is at a distance of about 760 m from ECR. The proposed shelter location is at Uthandi village. Although the habitation and proposed evacuation shelter location are on the Eastern side and at 860 m straight distance, there is no direct access from habitation to the shelter location. As

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 11 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages the constructions have blocked the way, the people have to reach East Coast Road and then travel for a length of 660 metres on ECR and take left turn to reach the shelter location. Hence, Nainar kuppam people have to travel 1.90 km distance to reach the proposed shelter location which is inside the High school premises. The site is 500 m away from the coastal area and 515 m away from backwaters. 3.2.4. Project Description The project location is a School Building with available land and the Survey No. 3/443. The building type is School Auditorium. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 20 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 500 m. Total Length of the evacuation route from each habitation to the proposed evacuation shelter is 1900 m. Project details of Uthandi village are summarized in Table 3.2. Table 3.2. Project details ofUthandi village in Kancheepuram District

SLNo. Items Details I Revenue Village Uthandi 2 Survey no 3/443 3 Taluk Sholinganallur 4 Land Classification High School, Uthandi 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served I (Nainarkuppam) 6 Population of individual habitation N ainarkuppam -1809 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 500m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Nainarkuppam- 1.90 km. 10 Extent ofland allotted for shelter construction 20 cents 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community School Auditorium

Hall) I 13 If School building- No of floors and Class rooms Two floors- 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors 15 Leng_th of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet Nainarkuppam- 1.90 km. 16 Type of Road (WBM - 100m,CC - 380m,BT - I l420m)

17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1.90 Km I 18 Approximate length of new road to be constructed 176m

19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil I evacuation route - span and other details --- Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 3.1.

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Uthandi -Proposed Shelter Location Shelter Location To ECR - Connecting CC Road Plate 3.1. Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Uthandi village Figure 3.2 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report. 3.2.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 500 m and is 515 m from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed locations falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological monuments under ASI's CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site. As the project location fall under CRZ category, this project requires CRZ clearance.

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~~ LJ ......

EZi3 IICO -+ EVACU

Figure 3.2. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Uthandi Village

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3.3. Pudupattinam Village 3.3.1. Introduction This section comprises environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Pudupattinam village of Kancheepuram District. 3.3.2. Pudupattinam Village Location Pudupattinam is a revenue village under the Thirukazhukundram Taluk of Kancheepuram District. Village Pudupattinam is located on the southern part of Kalpakkam town where atomic power plant (Madras Atomic Power Station- MAPS) and the Atomic research centre (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research- IGCAR) are located. The State Highways- SH49 (East Coast Road) bifurcate the Pudupattinam village in North South direction. Buckingham canal is running through the eastern edge of the village. 3.3.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is the Kalam porompoke land in survey no 179/2 of Pudupattinam Revenue Village which comes under Thirukazhukundram Panchayath Union. The proposed location is opposite to the Pudupattinam Village Panchayat office and nearer to the Angalamman temple. The settlements coming under this village are Pudupattinam village, Pudupattinam meenavar pagudhi, Ooster Kuppam, Indira Kudiyiruppu, RMI Nagar and Raja Nagar. Of these, pudupattinam village is far from the sea and not prone to any flood incidences as the rain water immediately drains out into the B-canal. Pudupattinam meenavar pagudhi is nearer to the shore and far from the proposed shelter location. Hence, the shelter is meant to accommodate people from Ooster Nagar, Indira Kudiyiruppu and Raja Nagar. Raja nagar settlement was newly formed by the Scheduled Caste community migrated from the pudupattinam Meenavar pagudhi which was built by an NGO with people's participation. Indira Kudiyiruppu and Ooster nagar are very near to the location. A village road at Km 72/2 of East Coast Road- ECR (SH-49) is heading towards east leading to the Karaithittu settlement of Vayalur village. The proposed location is near to the road comes at a distance of about 200 m from ECR. This road has a width of 3 m and has a bituminous surface with poor condition. From ECR at a distance of 20 m, there is requirement of a new Pipe Culvert with 1.2 m dia pipe, which will raise the road level to 1.5 m height. Raja Nagar habitations which is on the eastern side of the proposed location is at 900 m distance. This road has a bituminous surface and is in good condition with width of 3.0 m. Indira Kudiyiruppu, Ooster nagar are the habitations at a distance of 350 m which are located on the north eastern side of proposed shelter location. The proposed location is a vacant land. The site is 1.400 Km away from the coastal area. 3.3.4. Project Description The project location is a vacant (Kalam-Poromboke) land and the Survey No. 179/2. The type of building is Community Hall. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 50 cents. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation is 1250 m. Project details ofPudupattinam village are summarized in Table 3.3. Table 3.3 Project details of Pudupattinam village in Kancheepuram District

3 (Raja Nagar, Indira Kudiyiruppu and Ooster

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6 Population of individual habitation Raja Nagar-500, Indira Kudiyiruppu- 250 and Ooster Nagar-130 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 1400 m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Raja Nagar- 900 m, Indira (Kudiyiruppu and Ooster Nagar)- 350 m 10 Extent ofland allotted for shelter construction 50- Cents II Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Community Hall Hall) 13 If School building - No of floors and Class - rooms I4 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors 3800 sq ft per floor- Two floors I5 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet Raja Nagar- 900 m, Indira (Kudiyiruppu and Ooster Nagar)- 350 m 16 Type of Road BTRoad I7 Total Len_g!_h of Evacuation Route I250 m 18 Approximate length of new road to be I567 constructed m 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the 8 Culverts (single Row 1.2 m dia ) evacuation route - span and other details

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 3.2.

Proposed Shelter Location- Approach road from Raja Approach road to Proposed Pudupattinam Nagar To Proposed Shelter Shelter Location from Indira Location Nagar and Ooster Kuppam Plate 3.2. Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Pudupattinam village Figure 3.2 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3- Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

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• c, ~~~~ '-!-- ~':; EVACUATION ROUTE INTERNAL ROAD HABITATION BOUNDARY SI!A SHOAl! LINI! EXISTING EARJloEN ROAD EORROAD RIVER/CANAL

Figure 3.3. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Pudupattinam Village

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3.3.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Community hall and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 1400 m and is more than 100 m from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. Although it is not a flood prone area, water collects for a depth of less than 2 foot during heavy monsoon. Excess rain water gets drained to the Buckingham Canal swiftly. Only one Tamarind tree needs to be removed for the construction of evacuation shelter. The proposed locations falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. As the project location fall under CRZ areas, Clearance is required. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village.

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4.1. Brief Profile of the District

Cuddalore District is one of the coastal districts of Tamil Nadu state. The city of Cuddalore is the 2 district headquarters. The district has an area of3,678 krn • It is bounded on the north by Villuppuram District, on the east by the Bay of Bengal, on the south by Nagapattinam District, and on the west by Perambalur District. The district has a population of 2,285,395 as per the Census of 2001. It is 33.01% urbanised. The district has a literacy of 71.85%. This is lesser than the state's average. In Cuddalore District, there are 6 taluks, 13 Blocks, 5 Municipalities and 16 Town Panchayats. Length of Coastal line is 57.5 krn. The district lies between 78° 42' and 80°12' east latitude and 12°27'30" and 11 °10'45" north longitude. The most part of the district is a flat plain slopping very gently to the sea on the east. The hills are only on the southwestern border. Mount Capper plateau or the Red hills run parallel to the sea 1. Utilization of land area in Cuddalore district is up to 65% only. The area under Horticultural and Plantation crops in Cuddalore district is marginally increasing. 2. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has increased at a higher rate thus straining the bio­ environment. But usage ofbio-fertilizers and pesticides has only increased marginally. The Cuddalore district has a coastal line of 54 krn. The Inland fresh water area spreads for about 8113 (81.13 sq. krn.) hectares and estuaries and brackish water area are 8072 (80.72 sq.krn.) hectares. Marine fishing is practiced in 41 coastal villages of the district. The population of Cuddalore district has grown from 11.45 lakh in 1951 to 21.23 lakh in 200 I. The Pichavaram mangrove (11 °24'-11 °27'N and 79°46'-79°48') is situated about 45km south of Cuddalore. It consists of number of small and large islets surrounded by numerous creeks, canals and channels. Pichavaram has a great wealth of biological diversity in mangrove ecosystem. Pichavaram is an important habitat for a variety of resident and migratory waterfowls and other birds. About 200 species of birds have been recorded. The Pichavaram mangroves show the great potential for fishery source The details of the villages falling under CRZ category is given below in Table 4.1. Table 4.1. CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Kancheepuram District

Sl. Revenue Village Survey Distance Distance from Type of CRZ No. No. of from sea Backwater Backwater Category Shelter shore(m) shore (m) body

1 Killai- 521/7 1600 650 Canal III Kozhaiyarau Village

Thiyagavalli 349 1300 675 Canal 2 Madura N ayakkanpettai III

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4.2. Killai (North) Kozhaiyarau Village

4.2.1. Introduction This section presents environmental settings of the proposed evacuation shelter at Killai (North) Kozhaiyarau village of Cuddalore District. 4.2.2. Killai (North) Kozhaiyarau Village Location Killai (North) Kozhaiyarau is a panchayat town in Cuddalore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Killai North is situated on the North bank of the mouth of the Vellar River at a distance of 30 km from Cuddalore. From Chennai, Kiiiai North can be reached through the National Highway NH-45A stretch between Cuddalore and Chidambaram. 4.2.3. Project Location The location identified by Revenue officials for construction of the evacuation shelter is in Government open land, north of temple near Kozhaiyarau and the land is classified as natham in survey no 521/7, Killai (North) Kozhaiyarau Viilage, Chidambaram Taluk in Killai panchayat Union. This location has been changed to Mudalsalodai School compound area in survey no 521/7 based on the request of Killai North Municipal Chairman. Kozhaiyarau and Mudasalodai are barrier islands and means of connectivity to these islands from the main Killai is by crossing Vellar river bridge (Kiiiai Bridge). The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from NH-45A off Km 95/500 off Mutlur road and it is at a distance of 6.8 to 7.5 Km. It is about 1.6 Km from the sea shore.and is 650 m away from backwater. This village has two habitations to be served namely Kozhaiyarau and Mudasalodai, by the proposed location. The accessibility from the respective habitations to the proposed location is around 700m. The habitations are well connected with narrow road of width 2 to 3m only. For approach roads, maintenance is required. During detailed study, it has been found that the hamlet of Mudasalodai is surrounded by backwater streams on two sides and by the Bay of Bengal on the other side. Both drought and flood affect the village. Cyclonic rainfall brings floods and destroys huts. Most of the settlement is near to the coast and parallel to the coast. Mudasalodai hamlet is a relatively low-lying area. The most highly vulnerable area of Mudasalodai hamlet has total 603 families and Kozhaiyarau hamlet with minimum population has 63 families. Considering these facts, Killai North Municipal Chairman requested for a change in location to near to the petrol bunk and inside Mudalsalodai School compound area. 4.2.4. Project Description The project location is a vacant land (natham) and the Survey No. 521/7. The type of building is School building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 25 cent. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 1500 m to 1700 m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation is 1850 m. Project details of Killai (North) Kozhaiyarau village are summarized in Table 4.2. Table 4.2. Project details ofKillai (North) Kozhaiyarau village in CuddaloreDistrict

0 111 1 ' ··''j:+T"., .~P>." 7::::;+:. A:vc: 1 11 "Jfjj'j ' ': ! ~) 7° ";p;ilit~""""y;i8'"}c3° ":f!ii ~:,:.;f•>".,,,f!fi ~~.,.:;:w::d Fe'; ;i::•H''•;::>f.iiiF'':.::::i>fii":.::.r~" 11 10 ~:;>·'cp>" 00 >+: 4; iPc •til" I Revenue Village Kozhaiyarau 2 Survey no 521/7 3 Taluk Chidambaram 4 Land Classification natham 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Kozhaiyarau and Mudasalodai 6 Population of individual habitation 2000 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 1.6Km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Kuzhayaru 850 m , Mudasalodai I Km

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10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 25 cent 11 Inundation Possibility Yes 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community School building Hall) 13 If School building - No of floors and Class four classrooms , Two floors rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors - 15 Leng_th of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet 1.850 m 16 TypeofRoad BtRoad 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1850 m 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil evacuation route - SJJan and other details

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 4.1. Figure 4.6 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

Identified site for proposed evacuation shelter Newly constructed Killai Bridge connecting Killai Village cross Vellar river Plate 4.1 Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Killai village

4.6.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a natham Vacant Land and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 1600 m and 650m away from backwater sources. There is possibility of inundation at the shelter location in Kozhaiyarau village because of the low lying area. There are no major or minor eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village and the project village or the evacuation shelter location does not fall under ecologically sensitive area. As the project location fall under CRZ category, this project requires CRZ clearance

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Figure 4.1 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Killai (North) Village

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4.3. Thiyagavallimadura Nayakanpettai

4.3.1. Introduction This section deals with the environmental setting of the project village at Thiyagavallimadura Nayakkanpettai in Cuddalore District 4.3.2. Village Location Thiyagavallimadura Nayakkanpettai is a panchayath village in Cuddalore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the Cuddalore Town & nearby State by NH- 45A. In north side it is surrounded by Thiyagavalli and South by Parangipettai and it is well connected to taluk head quarter town Cuddalore by National Highway NH-45A. 4.3.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in an open land near to newly constructed Tsunami houses at higher elevated area and the land is classified as natham poromboke in survey no 349, Thivagavalli madura Nayakkanpettai Village, Cuddalore Taluk in Cuddalore Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity to the proposed location is from NH-45A off Km 79/200 and it is at a distance of3.5 KM. Identified location is about 500m from the sea shore. This village has three habitations to be served namely Nanjalingampettai, Nayakkanpettai and Thammanampettai by the proposed location. The accessibility from the respective habitation to the proposed location is around 150 m to 1.5 Km. Thivagavalli madura Nayakkanpettai is coastal habitation. Sea water flooding is a constant threat. All the hamlets are very close to sea at a distance of 50 to 150m but the proposed shelter location is at a distance of 500m from the sea shore. An increase in sea-level implies a major risk to those whose livelihoods depend on coastal ecosystems. There are 393 Tsunami houses in this village. The population that needs evacuation shelter in the nanjalingampettai, Nayakkanpettai and Thammanampettai habitations is around 2000 people. 4.3.4. Project Description. The project location is an open land with available land and the Survey No. 349. The building type is Community Hall building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 2000. The extent of land allotted is 25 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 1300 m and 675 m away from back water source. Total length of the evacuation route from each habitation to the proposed evacuation shelter is 2090 m. Project details of Thiyagavallimadura Nayakkanpettai village are summarized in Table 4.3. Table 4.3. Project details ofThiyagavallimadura Nayakkanpettai Village

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Sl Items Details No. 10. Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 25 Cents 11. Inundation Possibility No 12. Type of Shelter (School building/Community Community hall Hall) 13. If School building- No of floors and Class - rooms 14. If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors Two floors 15. Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet Nanjalingampettai280 m , Nayakkanpettai 330 m and Thammanampettai1.480 m) 16. Type ofRoad BT Road and CC Road 17. Total Length of Evacuation Route 2.09 km 18. Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19. Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the 0.9 m dia culvert evacuation route. Give span and other details. Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 4.2. Figure 4.3 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3- Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

View of proposed site for evacuation shelter at N about selection of routes Views of Shelter Location at Thiyagavallimadura Nayakkanpettai

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------Figure 4.2. Map showing the location of habitations and shelter location at Thiyagavallimadura Nayakkanpettai

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4.3.5. Environmental Profile of the Project Area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 500 m and is 496 m from backwater sources. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological monuments under ASI's CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. As the project location fall under CRZ category, this project requires CRZ clearance.

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N agapattinam 5.1. Brief profile of the District

It is a coastal district of Tamil Nadu, located on the eastern coast with Bay of Bengal as the boundary. The District lies between Northern Latitude 10.7906 degrees and 79.8428 degrees eastern longitude. This district is known for its rich religious heritage and communal harmony. Nagapattinam district was carved out from the erstwhile Thanjavur district during 1991. Nagapattinam is a unique district with all its historical and cultural significance. Agriculture being one of the major economies of the district, contributes a higher share of rice production in the State. Fishing along with para marine activities like dry fish, Prawn farming constitutes the second Major economy for the district. Forestry activities in Nagapattinam district is being carried out by Wildlife Division, Nagapattinam with Wildlife Warden as the administrative head. The division consists of 4 Ranges with headquarters at Nagapattinam, Kodiakkarai, Muthupet and Thanjavur. The Wildlife Sanctuary in Nagapattinam District along with the adjoining Great Vedharanyam swamp in Tamil Nadu is one the best wintering habitats for waterbirds, especially the migrant shorebirds from their artie breeding grounds. The area also provides wintering grounds for thousands of terns and gulls migrating from Europe and West Asia, flamingos from Iran Caspian Sea and Rann of Kutchh. Particularly noted for its flamingos, also for herons, teals, curlews and plovers and black buck and wild pig. The birds ringed in Point Calimere were reported from 14 countries, revealing its linkages with other wetlands across the country.

Total 4 villages under 2 Taluks have been identified for the proposed evacuation shelters is coming under CRZ category in this district. The list of villages is given below. Table 5.1 CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Nagapattinam District

SI. Revenue Village Survey Distance CRZ Category No. No. of from sea Shelter shore (m)

I Velankanni l/3A2 350m III

2 Manickapangu 154/2 570 III

Kaveri 392/1,4 540 3 poompatinam III

4 Vanagiri 397/3B 340 III

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Nagapattln.-n District Taluks

Figure 5.1 Location Map ofTaluks having project villages in Nagapattinam District

5.2. V elankanni

5.2.1. Introduction The section reports the environmental setting of the project village at Velankanni in Nagapattinam District. 5.2.2. Village Location Velankanni is a panchayat town in Nagapattinam district in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is a small town located on the shores of the Bay of Bengal, 350 km south ofChennai (Madras) and 12km south ofNagapattinam on the , in Tamil Nadu. 5.2.3. Project Location The land identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is classified as Natham survey no: 1/3A2, Velankanni Village, Taluk in Municipality. The existing major connectivity to the proposed location is from East Coast road which is at a distance of 2.5 Km from the proposed shelter location. Identified location is about 350 m from the sea shore. This village has only four coastal habitations, namely Pookaratheru, Uthirimathakoil Street, Ariyanattu Street and Sebasthiyar Street, to be served by the proposed shelter. The accessibility from the respective habitation to the proposed location is around 1Km to 1.5Km. The proposed location has no history of inundation. Although Sebasthiyar street hamlet is included in this group, the access to the proposed shelter from this hamlet is difficult as the newly laid railway track cuts across the route leading to the shelter from the hamlet. The Vellayar, a minor branch of the Cauvery River, runs on the south of the village and flows into the sea. Presently, no designated evacuation shelter is available in this location. One school building with pupil strength of 1300 and two community halls having a holding capacity of 350 each are present in this village. The prayer hall attached to the Church can accommodate a huge population. 5.2.4. Project Description The project location is a Natham land and the Survey No. l/3A2. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The shelter

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 28 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages distance from the sea shore is 350 m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation is 1.30 km. Project details ofVelankanni village are summarized in Table 5.1. Table 5.2. Project details ofVelankanni village

SI.No. Items Details 1. Revenue Village Velankanni 2. Surv~no 1/3A2 3. Taluk Keevalur 4. Land Classification Natham 5. No and Name of Hamlets to be served 4 (Pookaratheru, Uthirimathakoil street, Ariyanattu Street and Sebasthiyar street) 6. Total Population 11000 7. Population that need Shelter 1000 8. Distance of shelter from seashore 350m 9. Distance of shelter from each Habitation Pookaratheru - 550 m, Uthirimathakoi1 street - 890 m, Ariyanattu Street - 1.28 Km. 10. Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 11. Inundation Possibility No 12. Type of Shelter (School Community Hall building/Community Hall) 13. If School building -No of floors and Class rooms 14. If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors Two floors 15. Length of Evacuation Route from each Pookaratheru - 550 m, Uthirimathakoil Hamlet street - 890 m, Ariyanattu Street - 1.28 km. 16. Type of Road CC and BT Roads 17. Total Length of Evacuation Route Km 1.30 18. Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19. Any new bridge or culvert necessary along Nil the evacuation route. Give span and other details.

Views of proposed shelter location is shown in Plate 5.1. Figure 5.2 gives an exaggerated view of the habitations and shelter location. ' "'"

. ''",. ' ' >..-__.;r..:,.,i,-' -· •• "'; ---~~:::.-;;..·::.-- ...;,~:· -,~..,._.:~-~

Proposed evacuation shelter location at Approach road to the proposed evacuation velankanni location Plate 5.1. View of Proposed Shelter location at Velankanni Village.

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5.2.5. Environmental profile of the Project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Natham and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 350 m and away from backwater sources. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. There is possibility of inundation at the shelter location in Velankanni village because of the low lying area. As the project location fall under CRZ category, this project requires CRZ clearance

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Figure 5.2. Map showing the locations of habitation and Shelter location

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

5.3 Manickapangu Village

5.3.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Manickapangu village ofNagapattinam District. 5.3.2. Manickapangu Village Location Manickapangu is a revenue village in Nagapattinam district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to Nagappitnam Town and to NH 45A. On north side, it is bordered by Vanagiri and on the South by . It is well connected to Taluk headquarter town, Nagapattinam, by NH-45A road. 5.3.3. Project Location The land identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is classified as Thoppu poraamboke in survey no 154/2, Manickapangu Village, in Panchayat union. Existing major connectivity to the proposed location is from NH45A and is at a distance of about 6.5km. Identified location is about 575 m from the sea shore. This village has seven coastal habitations namely Kuttiyandiyur, Vellakoil, Pillai theru, Perumalpettai, Manickapangu, Pudupettai and Vulluvar Street to be served by the proposed shelter. Average distance of the proposed sites from the habitations is I. 770 km. The identified location is at a higher elevation with no history of inundation. Manickapangu is near the Port. This village has two elementary schools which were constructed about 30 years back. All the eight hamlets have community halls. 5.3.4. Project Description The project location is an Open land Thoppu Poromboke and the Survey No. 154/2. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 2000. The extent of land allotted is 50 Cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 575 m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation is 5100 m. Project details of Manickapangu village are summarized in Table 5.4. Table 5.3. Project details of Manickapangu village in Nagapattinam District

Kuttiyandiyur - 2.70 Km, Vellakoil - 2.20 Km, Pillai theru and Perumalpettai - I.2Km, Valluvar street - 800 m, Manickapangu - l.50Km, Pudupettai - 2.30 Km I 0 Extent ofland allotted for shelter construction 50 Cents

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SLN Items Details o. 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Community Hall Hall) 13 If School building - No of floors and Class - rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors Two floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Kuttiyandiyur - 2.70 Km, Vellakoil - 2.20 Hamlet Km, Pillai theru and Perumalpettai - 1.2Km, Valluvar street - 800 m, Manickapangu - 1.50Km, Pudupettai - 2.30 Km 16 Type of Road CC and BT Roads 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 5.100 Km 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil evacuation route - span and other details

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 5.3. Figure 5.5 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

View of proposed Evacuation shelter location Approach road leading to the proposed site Plate 5.3. Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Manickapangu village

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF HABITATIONS AND SHELTER

Fig 5.3. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Manickapangu Village

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 34 Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

5.3.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in an open land (Thoppu Poromboke) and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 575 m distance and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site.The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major or minor eco-sensitive issues of concern near the project village. 5.4. Kaveripoompattinam Village 5.4.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Kaveripoompattinamvillage of Nagapattinam District. 5.4.2. Kaveripoompattinam Village Location Kaveripoompattinam is a panchayat village in Nagapattinam district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the Town by SH-22 to NH-45A. On north side, it is bordered by Melamooverkarai and on the South by Vanagiri. It is well connected to Taluk headquarter town, Sirkazhi, by NH-45A. 5.4.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is near to newly constructed Tsunami Houses and M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation campus and the land is classified as Natham in survey no 392/1,4, Kaveripoompattinam Village, Sirkazhi Taluk in Sirkazhi municipality. Existing major connectivity to the proposed location is from Tiruvengadu to Poompuhar road (SH-22) and is at a distance of 7.5 Km from the NH-45A. Identified location is about 540m from the sea shore. This village has three habitations to be served namely Poompukar, Pudukuppam and Kundarimedu (Muddinmedu) by the proposed shelter which is a coastal habitation. The accessibility from the respective habitation to the proposed location is around 2.0 km to 7.5 km. The proposed location is in low lying area. Kaveripoompattinam is also called Poompukar where the Cauvery River is flowing to its south side and merges with Bay of Bengal. This is called Cauvery Sangamam. This village has two community halls, one each in Poompukar and Pudukuppam habitations. This can accommodate about 300 persons in Poompukar and 800 people in Pudukuppam. It has been observed that Kundarimedu habitants are around 7.5 km away from the proposed location and the population available here is only about 88 members. Pudukuppam hamlet has a population of750 people, where the existing community hall can serve as evacuation shelter during emergency periods. 5.4.4. Project Description The project location is a vacant land Natham and the Survey No. 392/1, 4. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 2000. The extent of land allotted is 10 cents the shelter distance from the sea shore is 540 m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation is 10250 m. Project details of Kaveripoompattinamvillage are summarized in Table 5.5. Table 5.4. Project details of Kaveripoompattinamvillage in Nagapattinam District

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SL.NO. ITEMS DETAILS Kundarimedu) 6 Po_l)ulation of individual habitation 5200 7 Population that need Shelter 2000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 540m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Poompukar - 2.00Km, Pudukuppam - 5.0 Km and Kundarimedu- 7.4 Km 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 10 cent 11 Inundation Possibility Yes 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Community Hall Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Class rooms - 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors Two floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet Poompukar - 2.00Km, Pudukuppam - 5.0 Km and Kundarimedu-7.4 Km 16 Type ofRoad CC and BT Roads 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 10.25 Km 18 Approximate length of new road to be constructed Nil 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil evacuation route - span and other details

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 5.4. Figure 5.6 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3- Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

' - .... ' ·.. ~ft~~·..-:c~·:r~~~ , \< ~;· .,..,. .. ·.. ,, Proposed Evacuation Shelter Location Approach road leading to the proposed site Plate 5.4. Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Kaveripoompattinamvillage

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MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF HABITATIONS AND SHELTER

Fig 5.4 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Kaveripoompattinam Village

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

SLNo. Items Details 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 2 (Melevanagiri and Keezhevanagiri) 6 Population of individual habitation 5000 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 340m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Melevanagiri- 760 m and Keezhevanagiri - 800 m 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 25 cents 11 Inundation Possibility Yes 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Hall) Community Hall 13 If School building -No of floors and Class rooms - 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors Two floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet Melevanagiri- 760 m and Keezhevanagiri - 800 m 16 Type ofRoad CC Roads 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1.65 Km 18 Approximate length of new road to be constructed Nil 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil evacuation route - span and other details Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 5.4. Figure 5.5 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

.,_ '• •:' ~\..,- ,._:t~>~- • '-1.

Proposed Evacuation Shelter Location Approach road leading to the proposed site Plate 5.4. Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Vanagiri village 5.5.5 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a vacant land Arasunatham and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 340 m and away from backwater sources. There is possibility of inundation at the shelter location in Vanagiri village because of the low lying area. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project village or the evacuation shelter location falls under ecologically sensitive area. Hence requires CRZ clearance.

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5.4.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a vacant land Natham and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 540 m ms and away from backwater sources. There is possibility of inundation at the shelter location in Kaveripoompattinam village because of the low lying area. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. There are no major or minor eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village and the project village or the evacuation shelter location does not fall under ecologically sensitive area. The project village or the evacuation shelter location falls under ecologically sensitive area. Hence require CRZ clearance 5.5. V anagiri Village

5.5.1. Introduction This Report presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Vanagiri village of Nagapattinam District. 5.5.2 Vanagiri Village Location Vanagiri is a revenue village in Nagapattinam district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the Nagappitnam Town and NH45A. It is bordered by Kaveripoompattinam and on the South by Manickapangu. It is well connected to Taluk headquarter town, N agapattinam, by East Coast road. Project Location 5.5.3 Project Location The land identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is classified as Arasu natham survey no 397/3B in Vanagiri Village, Sirkazhi Taluk in Sirkazhi Panchayat union. Existing major connectivity to the proposed location is from NH45A and is at a distance of 7.0 km. Identified location is about 340 m from the sea shore. This village has two coastal habitations namely Melevanagiri and Keezhevanagiri to be served by the proposed shelter. Average distance of the proposed sites from the habitations is about 800 m. The identified location is relatively low lying and prone to inundation. Identified site in Vanagiri is near to the library building. This village has a community hall. About 720 Tsunami houses have been constructed and occupied by the local population. The need for the proposed evacuation shelter is justified considering the devastation brought in by the Tsunami in 2004 to the settlements. Large numbers of cattle population is observed. 5.5.4 Project Description The project location is a vacant land (Arasunatham) and the Survey No. 397/3B. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 25 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 340m. The length of the evacuation route from each habitation varies from 760 m to 800 m. Project details ofVanagiri village are summarized in Table 5.2. Table 5.5. Project details ofVanagiri village in Nagapattinam District SLNo. Items l)etalis 1 Revenue Village Vanagiri 2 Survey no 397/3B 3 Taluk Sirkazhi 4 Land Classification Arasunatham

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Figure 5.5. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Vanagiri Village

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Pudukottai District

6.1. Introduction

Pudukkottai District was carved out of and Thanjavur districts in January 1974. The district has an area of 4663 Sq. km. with a coast line of 39 Km. The district lies between 78.25' and 79.15' ofthe Eastern Longitude and between 9.50' and 10.40' of the Northern Latitude. It is bounded by Tiruchirappalli district in the North and West, in the South, Bay of Bengal in the East and Thanjavur district in the North East. Total Population of the district is 14, 59,601 s per 2001 census. The district has peculiar climate and receives rainfall in all the seasons which represent 666.40 mm in 2006-07. The maximum precipitation is contributed by the North East Monsoon 441.10mm followed by the South west monsoon 225.30 mm. The maximum temperature during the period 40.9 C and minimum 17.8 C Out of the total I 0 villages under 2 Taluks identified for the proposed evacuation shelters in this district , 6 villages fall CRZ Category. Table 6.1 CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Kancheepuram District

Sl. Revcmue Village Survey Distance CRZ Category No. No. of from sea Shelter shore(m)

1 Anthonyarpuram 290/14 415 III

2 A vudaiyarpattinam 1/2 333 III

3 Kottaipattinam 218/3 236 III

4 Periyamadaippaichal 109/2 III

5 N attanipurasaikudi 53/4 400 III

6 Pillaiyarthidal 44/1 III

6.2. Anthonyarpuram (Manamelkudi)

6.2.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Anthonyarpuram Village of Pudukottai District. 6.2.2. Anthonyarpuram Village Location Manamelkudi is a Taluk of Pudukkottai District of the Indian State of Tamil N adu. The head quarters of the Taluk are the Town of Manamelkudi. It is located at a distance of 60 km from Pudukkottai. Manamelkudi is located at 10'01 '38.31 "Nand 79' 14'27.20"E.

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6.2.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is a vacant land in Anthonyarpuram village and the land is classified as Natham Poramboke land in survey no 290/14, in Manamelkudi Taluk and Manamelkudi Panchayat union. Shelter location is about 415 m away from the sea shore. The proposed evacuation shelter location is situated in high level land that needs no filling. From the main approach road to the shelter location earthen road exists and this road is proposed to be improved as all weather roads. The Proposed evacuation shelter has to serve for four habitations namely Nailor, Pathakadu, Agrakaram, and Anthonyarpuram. 6.2.4. Project Description The project location is vacant land in Anthonyarpuram village and the land is classified as Natham Poramboke land in survey no 290/14. The type of building is Community Hall. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 0.7 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 415 m. From the proposed shelter location the distance to the Nallur habitataion is 1.9 km, Pathakadu habitation distance is 2.4 km, Agrakaram habitation is 3 km, and Anthonyarpuram habitation is 0.7 km. In these four habitations facilities like community hall and cyclone shelter are not available. More numbers of cattle population are identified in all habitations. Project details of Anthonyarpuram village are given in Table 6.1. Table 6.2. Project details of Anthonyarpuram village in Pudukottai District

Nallur 1.894 km, Pathakadu 2.350 km, Agrakaram3.020, and Anthonyarpuram 3.840 km 3.841km 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter 0.7 cent

Community hall

13 If School building- No of floors and Class rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of Two floors floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Nallur 1.894 km, Pathakadu 2.350 km, Hamlet Agrakaram3.020, and Anthonyarpuram 3.840 km 3.841km

18 Approximate length of new road to be constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary Nil along the evacuation route. Give span and other details.

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Figure 6.1 is an exaggerated view showing evacuation shelter and population location. Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 6.1. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Anthonyarpuram village 6.2.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Community Hall and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 415 m and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site .. As the project location falls under CRZ category, CRZ Clearance is required for the project village.

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-, ~CE~

...... ~:..--~:._~- '\;,; ·~~~;~; ·r-i~: •' iT.t~~r-~: • ..::l' ·~~'~ 4,._:- .. '"' ' .

'···~:Sa l;,:,/' ~

'x' ltl._. _, •• ~...,_,.*~ ..... __ ...... t,._

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.... '. ~.

_ -.Y-INGIImiTBI HIIUMII -.!.BUILD­ ,._HOUEII I}EVMaMT~~- SCHOOL

Figure 6.1. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Anthonyarpuram Village

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II: Environmental Setting of Project Villages

6.3. Avudaiyarpattinam

6.3.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at' Village of Pudukottai District. 6.3.2. Avudaiyarpattinam Village Location Avudaiyarpattinam is a coastal Panchayat village in Pudukkotai District of Tamil Nadu State. The eastern boundary of Avudaiyarpattinam is Bay of Bengal; Western boundary is with Nagapattinam­ Tuticorin ECR; Northern side is bordered with Puthupattinam village and the southern side by Kananttankadu village. Avudaiyarpattinam is located at 10'01 '21,81 "Nand 79' 14' 12.72"E. 6.3.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in a vacant land in Avudaiyarpattinam village and the land is classified as Natham Poramboke in survey no 1/2, in Manamelkudi Taluk, Manamelkudi Panchayat union. Shelter location is about 333 m away from the sea shore. As there is no sufficient space available in the existing Panchayat Union Middle School, vacant land nearer to the school has been selected for the construction of evacuation shelter. The proposed evacuation shelter location is situated in a high levelland with no inundation possibility. The approach road to the shelter location is BT road in good condition. This Proposed evacuation shelter location has to serve for three habitations namely, Avudayarpattinam, Pothayankudiyiruuppu and Ponnagaram. An existing cyclone shelter is present in Ponnagaram and is being utilized by Indian Red Cross Society as a Children's home. In all these habitations more numbers of cattle populations are noted. Mainly the habitants belong to fishers' community. 6.3.4. Project description The project location is vacant land in A vudaiyarpattinam village and the land is classified as Natham Poramboke land in survey no 2/4. The type of building is School building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 0.7 cents. The shelter distanced 333 m from the sea shore. From the proposed shelter location, the distance to A vydaiyarpattinam is 0.3 km, Pothayankudiyiruppu habitation is 1.073 km and Ponnagaram habitation is one km. In these four habitations facilities like community hall and cyclone shelter are not available. Project details of Avudaiyarpattinam village are given in Table 6.3. Table 6.3. Project details of Avudaiyarpattinam village in Pudukottai District 'T; ,, !eww=w w >:w:IWia~lli'*' '' "hvz4:~@Jliibli:fN£ti%1HffibllllllliibP:ttMiWl(~, ,,,, 1 Revenue Village A vudaiyarpattinam 2 Survey no 1/2 3 Taluk Manamelkudi 4 Land Classification Natham 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 3 (A vudayarpattinam, Pothayankudiyiruuppu and Ponnagaram) 6 Population of individual habitation 1700 7 Population that need Shelter 500 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 333m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Avudayarpattinam, Pothayankudiyiruuppu and Ponnagaram 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 0.08.0

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SI.No. Items Details II Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community School Building Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Class Three floors - 6 class rooms rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors - 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet A vudayarpattinam 0.3 77m, Pothayankudiyiruuppu I 073 and Ponnagaram I 026 16 Type ofRoad BT and CC Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1.900 km 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil evacuation route. Give span and other details. Figure 6.2 is an exaggerated view showing evacuation shelter and population location. Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 6.2. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I of EIA Report.

Approach road to Avudaiyarpattinam habitation Plate 6.2. View ofthe Proposed evacuation shelter location in Avudaiyarpattinam 6.3.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Community Hall and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 333m and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site.As the project location falls under CRZ area. CRZ Clearance is required for this project.

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'ffiEE EXISTING EVACW.TION SHB.TER HOUSES SMALL BUILDING EVACUATION ROUTE MARKING

Figure 6.2. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Avudaiyarpattinam

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II: Environmental Setting of Project Villages

Figure 6.3 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Kottaipattinam

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II: Environmental Setting of Project Villages

6.4. Kottaipattinam

6.4.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Kottaipattinam Village of Pudukottai District. 6.4.2. Village Location Kottaipattinam is a coastal Panchayath village in Pudukottai District of Tamil Nadu State. The eastern boundary ofKottaipattinam is Bay of Bengal, Western boundary is with Manchakudi village, and Northern side is borded by Puthukudi village and the southern side by Jagathampattinam village. Kottaipattinam is located at 9'58'48.53"N and 79'11 '55.63"E 6.4.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in a vacant land in Kottaipattinam Government Higher Secondary School premises and fall in the survey No 218/3 and the land is classified as Government Poramboke in Manamelkudi Panchayath union. Shelter location is about 236 m away from the sea shore. The proposed evacuation shelter location is situated in a low lying region and filling has to be done for a height of 1.5 m, to the level of the existing ECR. This Proposed evacuation shelter location has to serve for Kottaipattinam habitation only. There is an existing community hall present in this village but it does not have the basic amenities like, drinking water facility, electricity connection and sanitary facilities. An existing cyclone shelter is also located near to the school campus of the Kattumavadi village, with basic amenities which is presently used as a student's hostel. The habitation is located very near to the sea shore and very vulnerable to natural calamities. Cattle populations are identified in Kottaipattinam habitation. Mainly the habitants belong to fishers' community. 6.4.4. Project Description The project location is a Govt. Poromboke land with survey No 218/3. The type of building is School building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 50 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 236 m. From the proposed shelter location, the distance to Kottaipattinam habitation is 1.5 km. Project details of Kottaipattinam village are summarized in Table 6.4. Table 6.4. Project details of Kottaipattinam village in PudukottaiDistrict

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SLNo. Items DetaUs 16 Type of Road BT Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1.500 km 18 Approximate length of new road to be constructed Nil 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil evacuation route. Give span and other details.

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 6.3. Figure 6.3 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 -Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

View of the Proposed evacuation shelter location in Kottaipattinam 6.4.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Govt. poromboke land and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 236 m distance and away from backwater sources. This Project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site.

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6.5. Nattanipurasaikudi (R.Puthupattinam)

6.5.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at R. Puthupattinam Village of Pudukottai District. 6.5.2. R. Puthupattinam Village Location R. Puthupattinam is a coastal Panchayath village in Pudukottai District of Tamil Nadu State. R.Puthupattinam is situated on the eastern side of the Nagapattinam- Rameswaram ECR in the Chainage of 139/050. The distance from district head quarter Pudukkottai to R. Puthupattinam is about 65 km. The nearest Town for R.Puthupattinam is Mimisal which is at one km distance. The eastern boundary of R. Puthupattinam is Bay of Bengal; Western boundary is with Nagapattinam­ Tuticorin ECR; Northern side is bordered with Kolluanaru Town and the southern side is by Semankottai and Arasanagari pattinam villages. R.Puthupattinam is located at geographical co­ ordinates of9'54'44.29"N and 79'08'24.43"E 6.5.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is a vacant land in R.Puthupattinam village and the land is classified as Government Poramboke land in survey no 53/4, in A vudaiyar Kovil Taluk and A vudaiyar Kovil Panchayat union. Shelter location is about 400 m away from the sea shore. The proposed evacuation shelter location is situated in a high level land near to the existing cyclone shelter. The approach road to the shelter location is CC road in good condition. This Proposed evacuation shelter location has to serve for three habitations namely R.Puthupattinam, Ganapathipattinam and Arasanagaripattinam. There is an existing cyclone shelter and community hall present in the village. From the proposed shelter location, the distance to R.Puthupattinam habitation is 200 m, Ganapathipattinam habitation is 4.4 km and Arasanagaripattinam is 4.5 km. Mainly the habitants belong to fishers' community. 6.5.4. Project Description The project location is a Govt. Poromboke land with Survey No. 53/4. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent ofland allotted is 50 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 400 m. The length of the evacuation route from each habitation varies from 200 m to 4000 m. Project details of R. Puthupattinam village are summarized in Table 6.5. Table 6.5. Project details of R. Puthupattinam village in Pudukottai District

10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 51 Disas ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II: Environmental Setting of Project Villages

SI.No. Items Details II Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Community Hall Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Class - rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors Two floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each R.Puthupattinam0.565 m , Hamlet Ganapathipattinam 4.440 km,and Arasanagaripattinam 4.460 ian 16 Type of Road BT and CC Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 5.400 km 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along Nil the evacuation route. Give span and other details.

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 6.4. Figure 6.4 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report

Proposed Shelter location in R. Puthu m Plate 6.4. View ofthe Proposed evacuation shelter location in R.Puthupattinam 6.5.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Govt. poromboke land and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 400 m distance and is 337 maway from backwater sources. Apartfrom this there are some coastal backwaters and inland pond within this village.The location falls under CRZ area. Hence CRZ clearance is required. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 52 Dis as ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II: Environmental Setting ofProject Villages

-.11011 ......

,._. _,'"_._ IIIHIIIL TRR -_._...... , IOUIOEIBI---- Figure 6.4. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Puthupattinam

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 53 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai

6.6 Pillaiyarthidal Village

6.6.1 Village Location Pillaiyarthidal is a small coastal village of Pudukkottai District of the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. Pillaiyarthidal is situated adjacent to the ECR Chainage is 115+800. Pillaiyarthidal is located at 10'05' 11,73' N 79' 13 '21,78 E. 6.6.2 Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is a vacant land in Pillaiyarthidal village and the land is classified as Assessed Waste Dry land in survey no 44/1, in Manamelkudi Taluk and anamelkudi Panchayat union. Shelter location is about 640 m away from the sea shore. The proposed evacuation shelter location is situated in low level area when compared to the approach road level and needs to be filled up at least 1m above the existing ECR level. From the ECR to the shelter location, the access road is earthen, which needs to be developed. The proposed shelter location will be served for the Pillaiyarthidal habitation only. A part of the habitation lives in huts very near to sea shore. The distance from the habitation to the shelter location is 0.6 km. In Pillaiyarthidal habitation, facilities like community hall and cyclone shelter are not available. In Pillaiyarthidal habitation minimum number of cattle population noted.

The study considers social, physical and environmental conditions of the region and also focuses on shelter systems such as human living facilities, community feeding provisions, livestock shelters and sanitation systems such as toilets, sewerage etc. Mainly the habitants belong to fishers' community. 6.6.3 Project Description Project details Pillaiyarthidal Village are given in Table 6.6. A map showing the location of habitations and evacuation shelters is attached as Figure 6.5. Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Pillaiyarthidal Village are exhibited in Plate 6.1. Table 6.6 Project details of Pillaiyarthidal village in Pudukottai District SI.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Pillaiyarthidal 2 Survey no 4411 3 Taluk Manamelkudi 4 Land Classification ADW 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 1 (Pillaiyarthidal)

6 Population of individual habitation 400 7 Population that need Shelter 1000

8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.640m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 0.630m

10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 1.255 Hectares

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11 Inundation Possibility Yes 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Community Hall Hall) 13 If School building- No offloors and Class - rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors Two floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet

16 Type of Road BT and CC Road 17 Total Length ofEvacuation Route 0.632m 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil evacuation route - span and other details

6.6.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is Assessed Waste Dry land and is 640m away from the sea shore This locations is only 65m away from a pond. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site. The location falls under CRZ area. Hence CRZ clearance is required.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 55 Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Program Design and Construction of Evacuation Shelters in Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report - 12 Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Pudukottai District

MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF HABITATIONS AND SHELTER

~li

S{

......

- ~~IIIDJR: ...... --ICILCIIIIEia.,.,...... --

Figure 6.5 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Pillaiyarthidal Village

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 56 Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Program esign and Construction of Evacuation Shelters in Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report - 12 Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Pudukottai District

Plate 6.5 View of the proposed evacuation shelter location in Pillaiyarthidal

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 57 Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Program Design and Construction of Evacuation Shelters in Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report - 12 Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Pudukottai District

6. 7 Peiyamadaipaichal (Palakudi) Village

6.7.1 Village Location Palakudi is a coastal village in Pudukkottai District of Tamil N adu State. The eastern boundary of Palakudi is Bay of Bengal; Western boundary is with Parvathyambalpuram; Northern side is bordered with Athivayal village and the southern side with Kumarappanvayal village. Palakudi is well connected by Nagapattinam - Tuticorin ECR. From the ECR Palakudi village is located on the Western side. Palakudi is located at 9'56'38-, 02'N 79'09'50, 76 E I 12.2; 79.95. 6.7.2 Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in a vacant land in Palakudi village ,nearer to the school building , (This land is near to some school) and the land is classified as Assessed Dry Waste land in survey no 109/2 , in Manamelkudi Taluk and Manamelkudi Panchayat union. Shelter location is about 300 m away from the sea shore. The proposed location comes near to the backwater area. The shelter location is sandy, situated in low lying region and filling should be done for a height of about one m above the ground to the level of the existing ECR road. This Proposed evacuation shelter has to serve for four habitations namely, Palakudi, Athivayal, Muthanedal and Parvathyambalpuram. The habitations are located in low lying areas. From the shelter location to Palakudi habitation distance is 798 km, Athivayal habitation is 1.4 km, Muthanenthal habitation distance is 1.35 km and Parvathyambalpuram habitation distance is 2 .OkM. In the proposed four habitations minimum numbers of cattle population noted. Facilities like, community hall and cyclone shelter are not constructed in these habitations. 6.7.3 Project Description The study considers social, physical and environmental conditions of the region and also focuses on shelter systems such as human living facilities, cooking provisions, livestock shelters and sanitation systems such as toilets, sewerage etc. Mainly the habitants belong to fishers' community. Project details Peiyamadaipaichal (Palakudi) Village are given in Table 6.4. A map showing the location of habitations and evacuation shelters is attached as Figure 6.4. Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Peiyamadaipaichal (Palakudi) Village are exhibited in Plate 6.4. Table 6.7 Project details ofPeiyamadaipaichal village in Pudukottai District Sl.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Periyamadaipoychal 2 Survey no 109/2 3 Taluk Manamelkudi 4 Land Classification ADW 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 4 (Palakudi, Athivayal, Muthanedal and Parvathyambalpuram) 6 Population of individual habitation 1450 7 Population that need Shelter 500

8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.300 m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Palakudi, Athivayal, Muthanedal and Parvathyambalpuram 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter 0.81.0 construction

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 58 Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project Design and Construction of Evacuation Shelters in Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report - 12 Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Pudukottai District

II Inundation Possibility Yes I2 Type of Shelter (School School Building building/Community Hall) 13 If School building -No of floors and Three floors - 6 class rooms Class rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of - floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Palakudy 0.800m, Ahivayal Hamlet 1.400 km, Muthenthal 1.350 km, parvathyammalpuram I. 950 km 16 Type ofRoad BT Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 3.450 km I8 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed I9 Any new bridge or culvert necessary Nil along the evacuation route - span and other details

6.7.4 Environmental Profile ofthe project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is Assessed Waste Dry land and is 300m away from the sea shore This locations is only 55m away from backwater. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The location falls under CRZ area. Hence CRZ clearance is required

Proposed Shelter location at Palakudi Proposed E.W.S location at Panchayat Union Middle school at Palakudi

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Approach road to Palakudi habitation

Plate 6.6 Views depicting the evacuation shelter location and approach route in Periyamadaipoychal

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 60 Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project Design and Construction of Evacuation Shelters in Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report - 12 Coastal Districts ofTamil Nadu Pudukottai District

BiH,. .._--­ ..Ell) -....u.-.a.a----

Figure 6.6 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Peiyamadaipaichal (Palakudi) Village

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Ramanathapuram District 7.1. Introduction

2 Ramanthapuram District has an area of 4175 km • It lies between 9° 05' to 9° 50' North latitudes and 78° 10' to 79° 27' East longitudes. It has a population of 11, 87,604 (as of2001 census). It is bounded on the north by Sivaganga District, on the northeast by Pudukkottai District, on the east by the Palk Strait, on the south by the Gulf of Mannar, on the west by Thoothukudi District, and on the northwest by Virudhunagar District. Total 24 villages under 4 Taluks have been identified for the proposed evacuation shelters in this district 53.68% of the land area in Ramanathapuram District is utilised for cultivation. Hence 1. 31% of the land area remains as cultivatable wasteland. 2. The utilisation of chemical fertilisers and bio-fertilisers in the district is high. 3. Typic Chromusterts (0.60%), Vertic Heplustalfs (0.58%) and other types are the soil types of Ramanathapuram District.

Rameshwaram Temples are the important places of Hindu religious worship in the South. Climate & Rain fall The district has a hot tropical climate temperature ranging from 22.3 C (min) to 37.8 C (max) and the relative humidity is high at 79% on an average and it ranges between 80% to 90% in coastal areas Agriculture Ramanathapuram district is deficient in rainfall. There are no major rivers providing perennial water supply for cultivation. Till the advent of independence, most of the areas were Zamindari areas and as such there was not enough enthusiasm for the ryots to develop agriculture. With the implementation of the schemes under the successive five-year plans and with the introduction of ryotwari settlement on the abolition of Zamindari system, fillip has been given to agriculture in the district. Ecological Sensitive Area- Gulf of Mannar (GOM)

GOM is the southeast coast of India extends from Rameswaram island in the north to Kanyakumari in the south The GOM Biosphere Reserve was set up on 18.2.89 jointly by the Government oflndia and Government ofTamilnadu. The Govt. ofTamilnadu in G.O.M.S.No. 962 dated 10.9.86 notified under the intention to declare the 21 islands as Marine National Park for the purpose of protecting marine wildlife and its environment including depths of 3.5 fathoms on the bay side to 5 fathoms on the seaward side under the section 35(1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. This biosphere reserve extends from Rameswaram to Tuticorin, lies between 78°5'E - 79°30'E longitudes and 8°45'N - 9°25'N and extends to a distance of 140km. There are almost 21islands running almost parallel to the coastline of Gulf of Mannar. The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park has the core area of about 560Km2 from Rameswaram to Tutucorin lying within the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve covering an area of 10,500Km2 on the south-east coast of India. It is one of the world's richest regions from marine biodiversity perspective and the first marine Biosphere Reserve in Southeast Asia. The Biosphere Reserve comprises 21 islands with estuaries, mudflats, beaches, forests of the near shore environment, including. marine components like algal communities, sea grasses, coral reefs, salt marshes and mangroves. The Govt. of Tamilnadu has declared the ecosystem off

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Rameswaram coast as a Marine National Park area under the Wildlife Act of 1972. The GoMBR consists of three important ecosystems i.e.mangrove, seaweed /seagrass and coral reef and associated fauna such as fishes, sponges, gorgonids, holothurians, pearl oyster, chank beds, endangered turtles and the endangered mammal, the Dugong dugong. All the three highly productive ecosystems harbor a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna making it biologically one of the richest coastal regions in India and also world's richest region from a marine biodiversity perspective.

Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary is otherwise known as "Chitrangudi Kanmoli" and is located at 9o19'N and 78o28' E. It is a part ofChitrangudi village ofMudukulathur taluk, Ramanathapuram district The sanctuary area is within the community tank embankments The sanctuary offers ideal habitat for winter migratory birds with considerable diversity in nesting and feeding behaviours

Mela-Keela Selvanoor Bird Sanctuary is located near Sayalkudi in Ramanathapuram district. The sanctuary was declared in the year 1998. This is the biggest birds sanctuary in Tamil nadu. The total area of the sanctuary is 593.08 ha. Pelicans, Painted Storks, Open billed Storks, White ibis, Spoon bills and Egrets regularly nest in the sanctuary

8 villages in Ramanthapuram Districtfall in CRZ category and Village wise details are given below.

Table 7.1 CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Nagapattinam District

SL Revenue Village Surve:r Distanee. from CRZ No. No. of. sea shore (m) Category Sh·~ I III 1 Pethanenthal muthu raghunathapuram 172/6 291 III 2 Iranian valasai() 269/2 570 III 3 Mullimunai 10/7 293 III 4 Keelamunthal(Periyakulam) 563/93 470 III 5 Adanchari 8111A1 240 Rameswaram II 6 (Natarajapuram) 1253/18B 1300 7 627/500- II Rameswaram(Town)-1 1B 301 II 8 Rameswaram(South karaiyur) 1046/6 680

7.2. Muthuregunathapuram

7.2.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Muthuregunathapuram Village of Ramanathapuram District. 7.2.2. Village Location Muthuregunathapuram: is a small fishing hamlet situated in the Eastern side of State Highway. Muthuregunathapuram village has its boundary on the eastern side with

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 63 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chenoai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II: Environmental Setting of Project Villages

Gulf of Mannar of Bay of Bengal; Western side it is surrounded by Pathanenthal village, on the Northern side of Muthuregunathapuram is Nayaru River, and on the Southern side it shares its boundaries with Devipattinam Town. The Geographical coordinate of Muthuregunathapuram is -- 9'30'06'83 'N---78' 54'24', 60 7.2.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is the vacant land available in Panchayat Union primary school premises in Survey No.172/6, and is classified as Punjai Government Poramboke of Revenue village of Pathanenthal, Panchayat Union is Ramanathapuram and the Panchayat is Vennathur. The area available for the proposed shelter is 7.5 cent. The proposed shelter location and the adjoining area are situated in a low lying land and hence filling should be done for a height of one m from the existing road level. At present earthen connectivity is there to the proposed shelter location. The connectivity road to the shelter from the approach road and a pipe culvert is proposed. The connectivity road has to be developed to the distance of about 50 m. The distance from the shore to the proposed evacuation shelter location is about 290 m. The proposed evacuation shelter location has amenities of water and electricity. By this proposed evacuation shelter location, two habitations are chosen to be served namely Muthuregunathapuram and Pathanenthal. From the shelter location the distance to Muthuregunathapuram habitation is 1.3 km, and Pathanenthal habitations is 5.2 Km. mainly habitants belongs to fisher's community. 7.2.4. Project Description The project location is a Govt. Poromboke land with Survey No. 172/6. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent ofland allotted is 50 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 291 m. The length of the evacuation route from each habitation varies from 1.3 km to 5.2 km. Project details of Muthuregunathapuram village are summarized in Table 7.2. Table 7.2. Project details ofMuthuregunathapuram village

18 Approximate length of new road to be constructed

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Sl.No. Items Details 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the New pipe culvert of 1.2m dia evacuation route. Give span and other details. Views of proposed shelter locations are provided m Plate 7.1. Figure 7.1ts an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA ,.....,.,.,,.,. ....

Metal road connectivity in Proposed new connectivity road to the Muthu habitation shelter Plate 7.1. View of the proposed evacuation shelter location in Muthuregunathapuram Village.

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-­,..,__, ------EA-UNE -·­""""

Figure 7.1. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Muthuregunathapuram Village

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

7.2.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Govt. poromboke land and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 291 m distance and is only 50 m away from backwater body. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The location falls in CRZ and hence CRZ clearance is required. 7.3 Iranian V alasai Village

7.3.1. Introduction This Report presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Iranian Valasai village ofRamanathapuram District. 7.3.2. Iranian Valasai Village Location Iranian Valasai is a coastal Panchayat village in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located in between Devipattinam and Terbogi villages of the district. The eastern boundary of Iranian Valasai is Thavukadu village; western side is bounded by Palanivalasai village; southern side is bounded with Mangamma salai and the northern side surrounded by Gulf ofMannar. 7.3.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in a vacant land, classified as Patta land (Valyar Samudaya land) in survey no 269/2, in Athiyuthu Panchayat, Ramanathapuram Panchayat union, . The proposed Shelter location is about 570 m away from the sea shore. This Proposed evacuation shelter has to serve one habitation only, Iranian Valasai habitation. The habitation is well connected with the nearby town Devipattinam by BT roads, having width 3m. The proposed shelter location at Iranian Valasai village comes at higher level and hence inundation history was not recorded during the recent past years. Shelter location is adjacent to the existing approach road and easily accessible by the habitants. The approach road (BT) has pot holes and needs some repair work. More number of cattle is present in this area. There is no community hall and cyclone shelters in Iraniyan Valasai'village. There is no enough land is available in the existing P.U. Elementary School, and hence the Patta land has been selected for the construction of the proposed evacuation shelter. In this habitation, through Tsunami rehabilitation project, 37 Tsunami houses are allotted and constructed within the village boundary. Mainly the habitants belong to fishers' community. 7.3.4. Project Description The project location is an Accessed Waste Land, Govt. Poramboke and the Survey No. 269/2. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 30 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 570 m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation is 585 m. Project details oflranian Valasai village are summarized in Table 7.3. Table 7.3. Project details of Iranian Valasai village in Ramanathapuram District

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 67 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

SI.No. Items DetaUs 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 1- Irranyan valasai 6 Population of individual habitation 1140 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 570m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 585 m 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 30- Cents

11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Community Hall HalD 13 If School building - No of floors and Class - rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors 3800 ~ ft l'_er floor Two floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each 585m Hamlet 16 Type of Road BTRoad 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 585m 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along Nil the evacuation route - span and other details

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 7.2. Figure 7.2 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I of EIA Report.

Proposed shelter location with cattle Approach road to Iraniyan Valasai population

Plate 7.2. Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Iranian Valasai village 7.3.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Accessed Waste Land, Govt. Poramboke and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 570 m distance and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The evacuation shelter location fall under CRZ and therefore CRZ clearance is required for this project.. There are no major or minor eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 68 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental setting of Project Villages

EVACUATION ROUTE I~NOIID ...,.,.AT'IDN 8QlJNDMW' .J- -N RI>IID IEAIHOAEUNE -/CANAL pOND

- I'ROI'c.EDEVACtM11DN8HELTERf.

~ EMLYWAANINDBYII'TEII ..,. EVACUATION RCUTE-

Figure 7.2. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Iranian Valasai Village

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 69 Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai

Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II: Environmental Setting of Project Villages

SLNo. Items Details 6 Population of individual habitation 2500 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 301m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 6 (Sangumal-1.97 km, Olaikuda- 3.8km, Mandi Street,0.8 km, Agasthiyartheertham 0.9 km, P.Vadakadu- 4.7 km, and Vittipillaimudakku Street - 0.9 km) 10 Extent ofland alloted for shelter construction 30- Cents 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community School Building Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Class Three floors rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors No

15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Sangumal- 2.0 km, Olaikuda- 3.9 Hamlet km, Mandi Street- 0.93 km, Agasthiyartheertham- 4.71 km, P.Vadakadu- 4.7 km and Vittipillaimudakku Street- 0.9 km 16 Type of Road BTRoad 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 9430m 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the evacuation route. Give span and other details. Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 7.3. Figure 7.2 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA

Plate 7.3. View of the proposed evacuation shelter location in Rameswaram Village.

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7.4. Rameswaram Town

7.4.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Rameswaram Village of Ramanathapuram District. 7.4.2. Village Location Rameswaram is a town in Ramanathapuram district in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on an island separated from the mainland by the Pamban channel. It is considered one of the holiest places of in India. Hence, it is a bustling pilgrim centre. It is situated in the Gulf of Mannar at the very tip ofthe Indian peninsula Rameswaram is located at 9.28°N 79.3°£. It has an average elevation of I 0 meters (32 feet). The religious island is spread in an area of 61.8 square kilometers and happens to be in the shape of a conch. The Ramanatha Swamy Temple occupies major area of Rameswaram. The masterpiece of Dravidian architecture boasts of the largest temple corridor in India. Different rulers built the Ramanatha Swamy Temple over a period of time starting from the 12th century. The temple comprises of twenty-two wells where the taste of the water of each well is different from the other. 7.4.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in Government poramboke land near to the Government Higher Secondary School premises in Rameswaram town, . The proposed location falls under the survey No. 627/500-lB and the nature of the land is classified as Government Poramboke. The school is located at the northern side of the south car street of the Ramanatha Swamy Temple. Both side of the south car street is thickly built-up commercial area. The school is well connected with approach road and the distance from the school to the shelter location is 15m. The distance from the shore to the proposed evacuation shelter location is about 300 m. Six habitations are chosen to be served by this proposed evacuation shelter location based on the approach distance and degree of vulnerability. The habitation names are: Sangumal, Olaikuda, Mandi Street, Agasrhiyartheertham, P.Vadakadu and Vittipillaimudukku Street. Of these, Agasrhiyartheertham, Sangumal and Olaikuda habitations are situated very near to the coast. Cattle population is noticed in all habitations. Existing shelters, Inundation chance of habitation and shelter location in these habitations facilities like, community hall, cyclone shelter are not provided shelter systems such as human iiving facilities, cooking provisions, livestock shelters and sanitation systems. Mainly all the habitants belong to fisher's community. 7.4.4. Project Description The project location is a Govt. Poromboke land with Survey No. 627/500-lB. The type of building is School Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is I 000. The extent of land allotted is 30 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 30 I m. The length of the evacuation route from each habitation varies from 0.8 km to 4.7 km. Project details ofRameswaram village are summarized in Table 7 .4. Table 7.4. Project details ofRameswaram village

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RNERICNW. T - Iii] -- • -.LBIII.IIDD EZE 8CHDDL tii:l ~IW..I.

Figure 7.3. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Rameswaram Village.

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7.4.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Govt. poromboke land and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 301 m distance and away from backwater sources. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ hence CRZ clearance is required.

7.5. Mullimunai

7.5.1. Introduction This section presents the environmental setting of Mullimunai Village of Ramanathapuram District. 7.5.2. Mullimunai Village Location Mullimunai is a coastal Panchayat village in Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu State. The eastern boundary of Mullimanai is Gulf of Mannar of Bay of Bengal; Western boundary is Nagapattinam- Tuticorin ECR; Northern side border is with Puthupattinam village and the southern side by Kananttankadu village. Mullimunai is located at 9°39'20.90''N and 78°57'59.32"E. 7.5.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is a vacant land in Mullimunai village and the land is classified as Natham in surveys no 1017, in Thiruvadanai Taluk and Thiruvadanai Panchayat union. Shelter location is about 293 m away from the sea shore. The proposed evacuation shelter location is situated in low lying region and filling should be done for a height of one m to match with the level of the existing approach road. Due to sea water entering into the area, opposite to the shelter location water gets collected during Monsoon season. The approach road to the shelter location is BT road which is in good condition. This Proposed evacuation shelter location is for Mullimunai habitation only. From the proposed shelter location, the distance to Mullimanai habitation is 1.320 km. More number of cattle populations is noted in Mullimanai habitation. In Mullimanai village an existing community hall is present. This community hall does not have the basic amenities like, drinking water facility, electricity connection and sanitary facilities. Mainly the habitants belong to fishers' community.

7.5.4. Project Description The project location is a Govt. Poromboke land with Survey No. 1017. The type of building is Community Hall. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 30 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 293 m. The total length of the evacuation route from Mullimunai habitation is 1.32 km. Project details of Mullimunai village are summarized in Table 7.5.

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t--4 CMYERJ lliii ...... lYM.L ---­T,_ Eii3-- Eii3·-­ ....,.,...... _IIUID ...

Figure 7.4. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Mullimunai Village

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Table 7.5. Project details ofMullimunai village SLNo. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Mullimunai 2 Survey no 1017 3 Taluk Thiruvandanai 4 Land Classification Natham 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Mullimunai 6 Population of individual habitation 2500 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 293m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Mullimunai 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 30 cents 11 Inundation Possibility Yes 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Hall) Community Hall 13 If School building- No of floors and Class rooms - 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors 3800 sq ft per floor Two floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet 16 Type of Road BT and CC Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1320m 18 Approximate length of new road to be constructed Nil 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil evacuation route. Give span and other details. Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 7.4. Figure 7.4. is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA

Backwater area opposite to the shelter location Plate 7.4. View of the proposed evacuation shelter location in Mullimunai 7.5.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Govt. poromboke land and is 293m away from the sea shore and is only 40 away from backwater sources. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village.

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7.6. Keelamunthal

7.6.1. Introduction The section deals with the environmental setting of project village of Keelamunthal village of Kadalady Taluk. 7.6.2. Keelamunthal Village Location Keelamunthal is a coastal village in Gulf of Mannar of Bay of Bengal in Ramanathapuram District. The East and West side is bordered by Punjai lands, northern side bordered by forest land and the southern side is bordered by Bay of Bengal. The ECR is running between North and south side the Keelamunthal. From ECR, the distance to Keelamunthal is 7 Km connecting to SH - 3 7 Chain age is 66+600, boundaries, connectivity roads etc. 7.6.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is an vacant land at Keelamunthal and the land is classified as Natham Poramboke in survey no 563/93, in Kadalady Taluk, Ramanathapuram district. Shelter location is about 470m away from the sea shore. The approach road to the shelter location is BT road with some pot holes. The Proposed evacuation shelter has to serve for two habitations, namely Keelamunthal and Melamunthal. Fro m the proposed shelter location the distance to Keelamunthal habitation is 0.53 km and melamunthal habitation is 1.7 km. The proposed shelter location is in an elevated land. Both the habitations are located well away from the sea shore. New Tsunami houses are allotted to majority of population. In Keelamunthal habitation, due to the non availability of suitable land in the existing school campus, a vacant land has been selected. In Keelamunthal and Melamunthal habitation, facilities like community hall and cyclone shelters are not available. In these two habitations, more numbers of cattle population noted. In general Keelamunthal habitation gets inundation during monsoon time. 7.6.4. Project Description The project location is in a Natham Poramboke in survey no 563/93. The type of building is Community Hall. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 500. The Extent of land allotted for shelter construction is 40 cent. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 470 m. The total length of the evacuation route from Keelamunthal habitation is 1.911 km. Project details of Keelamunthal village are summarized in Table 7.6. Table 7.6. Project Details ofKeelamunthal village.

Land Classification Natham No and Name of Hamlets to be served 2 Keelamunthal and Melamunthal 6 Po ulation of individual habitation 3IOO 7 Po ulation that need Shelter 500 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 470m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Keelamunthal 0.53km and Melamunthal I.7 km IO Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 40-Cent II Inundation Possibili No I2 Type of Shelter (School building I Community Community Hall Hall)

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SLNo. Items Details 13 If School building- No of floors and Class rooms - 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors 3 800 sq ft per floor Two floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet Keelamunthal 590 m and Melamunthal 1.31 km 16 Type of Road BTRoad 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1911 m 18 A~oximate length of new road to be constructed Nil 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the No evacuation route. Give span and other details. V tews of proposed shelter locations are provtded m Plate 7 .5. Figure 7.5 ts an exaggerated vtew showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

Plate 7.5. View of the proposed evacuation shelter location in Keelamunthal. 7.6.5. Environmental Profile of Project Area. Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Govt. poromboke land and 470 m away from the sea shore. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. This location is 1600 m away from backwater body.The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village.

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Figure 7.5. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Keelamunthal village

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7.7. Adancheri

7.7.1. Introduction This section deals with the Environmental setting of Adanchery Village of taluk of Ramanathapuram District. 7.7.2. Adancheri Village Location Adancheri is a coastal Panchayat village in Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu State. Adancheri is situated in between Valinokam and villages of Ramanathapuram district. The distance from nearest place Erwadi is 3.5 km and has good road connectivity. The eastern boundary of Adancheri is Erwadi groups habitations; Western boundary is with Panchayat Union Middle school of Adancheri; the south side boundary is surrounded by Gulf of Mannar of Bay of Bengal and Northern side is bordered by Erwadi and road. 7.7.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is a vacant land in Adancheri village and the land is classified as Patta land in survey no 81/lAl (Patta No.9), in Kadalady Taluk and Kadalady Panchayat union. Shelter location is about 240 m away from the sea shore. Due to the non availability of sufficient free land in the existing school premises In Adancheri, the Patta land has been selected for the construction of evacuation shelter. The proposed shelter location is a low lying area when compared to the level of existing approach road and there is a possibility for inundation during monsoon season. Filling should be done for considerable height in order to avoid inundation problem. The access road from the approach road to the shelter location is BT and it is covered with sand due to the ongoing construction works of Tsunami houses in Adancheri habitation. This Proposed evacuation shelter location has to serve for two habitations, namely Adancheri and Madathoorani. From the proposed shelter location the distance to Adancherry habitations radius 40 m and Madathoorani habitation is 2.8 km. In these two habitations, no community hall and cyclone shelter not available. More number cattle populations are noted in these habitations. Mainly the habitants belong to fishers; community.

Proposed shelter location in Adancheri Access road to Shelter location

Plate 7.6 Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Adancheri Village

7.7.4. Project Description The project location is in a Patta Land in Survey no. 81/lAl (Patta No.9), in Kadalady Taluk and Kadalady Panchayat union. The type of building is Community Hall. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 240 m. The total length of the

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 79 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report II Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II: Environmental Setting of Project Villages evacuation route from Adancheri habitation is 2.940 km. Project details of Adancheri village are summarized in Table 7.7. Table 7.7. Details of Project in Adancheri Village

Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the evacuation route. Give and other details. Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 7.6. Figure 7.6 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I of EIA Report. 7.7.5. Environmental Profile ofthe Project Area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Patta land and 240 m away from the sea shore. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under AS I' s Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village.

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-..---IIMIIDMI ___ ,_ --Lilli[HABITAT'IIltl....,.... ~~------~~ ~ l.ill-...--- r .... b I!M.Y_I.. tmn!ll fiil - -TIONROU'JR_.. 6i3 IICIIQOI.

Figure 7.6. Map showing Location of habitations and shelter location in Adanchery Village

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7.8 Natarajapuram (Rameswaram) Village

7.8.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Natarajapuram village of Ramanathapuram District. 7.8.2. Natarajapuram (Rameswaram) Village Location Natarajapuram is a small village situated in between Rameswaram and Dhanushkodi main road (NH-49). The distance from Rameswaram to Natarajapuram is about 6 km. The eastern and southern side of Natarajapuram ends with Gulf of Mannar. The northern side is surrounding by N atarajapuram habitations, and the western side ofNatarajapuram has thick forest region. 7.8.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in the vacant land available in Natarajapuram Tsunami colony area which falls under the Survey No.1253/18B. The nature of the land is classified as Natham Poramboke. The total extent of open area available is 0.0800 Sq.m. The proposed shelter location is well connected with approach road (NH-49) with existing connectivity road. The distance from the shelter location and the main road is about 20 m. The distance from sea shore to the proposed evacuation shelter location is about 2000 m. The proposed location has water and electricity sources. Five habitations, namely Kothandaramar Kovil, Thavukadu, Mukuntharayar Sathiram, Natarajapuram and Ramakrishnapuram are chosen to be served by the proposed shelter considering their location in the multi-hazard prone areas and approach distances. Through Tsunami Rehabilitation projects, there are 103 houses allotted for the above said habitations in the Natarajapuram Tsunami housing area. Kothandaramar Kovil, Thavukadu and Mukuntharayar Sathiram habitation people are living in huts near the coast, though these people have concrete houses in Natarajapuram and Krishnapuram. For the convenience of fishing and fishing related purposes they permanently stay in the huts during the normal seasons. During the detailed survey considerable live stock population was noted. The proposed shelter location is in high land no need for filling. Nearby the proposed evacuation shelter location, one Small community hall exists at Ramakrishnapuram. But this community hall does not have water and toilet facilities. Therefore, it is practically not suitable for shelter purposes. During the field survey of the proposed site and on interaction with local habitants and during consultation with the Revenue officials and other elected representatives of the five habitations it is understood that about 700 people may require evacuation shelter during disaster periods. 7.8.4. Project Description The project location is an open land Natham Poromboke and the Survey No. 1253/18B. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 20 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 2000m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation is 11498m. Project details of Natarajapuram village are summarized in Table 7.8 Table 7.8. Project details ofNatarajapuram village in Ramanathapuram District

I w''" i!LIIterlll,, ~ '."ill --y1 Revenue Village N atarajapuram 2 Survey no 1253118B 3 Taluk Rameswaram 4 Land Classification Natham Poromboke

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SI.No. Items Details 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Kothandaramar Kovil, Thavukadu, Mukuntharayar Sathiram, Natarajapuram and Ramakrishnapuram 6 Population of individual habitation 2300 7 Population that need Shelter IOOO 8 Distance of shelter from seashore m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Kothandaramar Kovil5 .2km, Thavukadu-6km, Mukuntharayar Sathiram-l0.4km, Natarajapuram- 0.5km and Ramakrishnapuram- 0.7km 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 20 Cents

11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Community Hall Hall) 13 If School building - No of floors and Class - rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors 3800 sg ft Q_er floor Two floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Kothandaramar Kovil-5.2 km Hamlet Thavukadu- Mukuntharayar Sathiram- l0.2km Natarajapuram 0.7km and Ramakrishnapuram 16 Type of Road BT Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1l498m 18 Approximate length of new road to be 360m constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along NO the evacuation route - span and other details

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 7.7. Figure 7.10 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

Proposed shelter location at Natarajapuram Approach road to shelter location Plate 7.7. Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Natarajapuram village

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LmEND:­ &VACUATION RIDUTII! IIIITERNAL ~ - HMIITATION IIOUNDIIRY IEAIIHOR& LIIE RIVER I CNIAL POIII)

"'"AEE

"'"AEE

GJ3 HOU8E8 EVACUATION RIDUTII! _.NGI

- 8MIW. BUilDINCil

Figure 7.7. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Natarajapuram Village

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7 .8.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a open land Natham Poromboke and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 2000m distance and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major or minor eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village. 7.9 Rameswaram (South Karaiyur) Village

7.9.1. Introduction This Report presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Rameswaram (South Karaiyur) village of Ramanathapuram District. 7.9.2. Rameswaram (South Karaiyur) Village Location South Karaiyur: is a small fishermen hamlet located, in between Rameswaram and Dhanushkodi, in the Rameswaram Island. The main approach road to South karaiyur is the Rameswaram Dhanushkodi road (NH-49). From the main road a branch road diverting from Verkodu, directly leads to South Karaiyur habitation. The existing approach road from the main road is good with some pot holes. The distance from Rameswaram to South Karaiyur is about one Km. The eastern side of the south Karaiyur is surrounded with Cherrankottati and Sethupathy Nagar fishing hamlelts. The Western boundary is with Panchayat Union Middle School. Northern side is surrounded with the villages of Maruthupandiar Nagar, Pulidevan Nagar and Verkodu. The Northern side of the South Karaiyur is surrounded by Natarajapuram and Ramakrishnapuram. 7.9.3. Project Location The land selected for the proposed evacuation shelter location is in the open land in the Panchayat Union Middle School Campus at South Karaiyur. The location comes under Survey No.1046/3B and the total extent area is 27078 sq.ft. The land is classified as Tharisu Government Poramboke. The location is having electricity and water supply connection facilities from Municipality water tank available at Karaiyur. The shelter location is 680 m away from the sea. Total 16 habitation areas are chosen to serve by the proposed evacuation shelter location based on the approach distance. The habitations are Cherran Kottai, Sethupathynagar, Kadarkarai mariamman koil street, Pulithevan Nagar, Cherankottai, Verkodu, Indira Nagar, Old Market street, Ambedkar Nagar, Attamal Street, Maruthupandiar Nagar, Santhana Mariammam Koil street, Monthoppu, Dhuraimugaveethi, N.S.K.Street and Pallivasal street. Of these, Monthoppu, Kadarkarai mariamman Koil Street, Attammal veethi, Indira Nagar, Pulithevan Nagar, Cherran kottai and Sethupathy Nagar habitations have mostly huts. Through the Tsunami Rehabilitation projects, for Cherran kottati habitation 113 houses and for Sethupathy Nagar 48 tsunami houses are allotted in Natarajajpuram region. However for fishing purpose still they are living in their original houses. There is no existing community hall and cyclone shelters for these habitants. During the detailed survey, large number of cattle population was observed in all habitations. The proposed shelter location situated in high levelland and therefore filling is not required 7.9.4. Project Description The project location is a School premises and the Survey No. 87/73. The type of building is Community Hall Building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 50 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 680 m. The total length of the

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 85 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages evacuation route from each habitation is 4907 m. Project details of Rameswaram (South Karaiyur) village are summarized in Table 7.9. Table 7.9. Project details of Rameswaram (South Karaiyur) village 0 ~ :~ulls"':l~' ;;f/JJ~"2 ,:J:/ ~,0:~1lf ;l:il:;r ,;II; j~:0:J![ -s:. ~,.;& '; ~~ll~t ., ;V'>, ,JI 1 Revenue Village Rameswaram 2 Survey no 1046/3B 3 Taluk Rameswaram 4 Land Classification School premises 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 16 - (Cheran Kottai,Sethupathi N agar,Kadarkarai mariamman koil street,Pulidevan Nagar,Karaiyur Cheankottai, Verkodu,Indira Nagar, Old market street,Ambedkar Nagar,Attamal street,Maruthupandiar Nagar,Santhana Mariamman koil street,Manthoppu,Dhuraimuga Veethi,N.S.K Street,Pallivasal Street) 6 Population of individual habitation 11000 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 680m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Cheran Kottai 0.935km, Sethupathy Nagar 1.150 km, Kadarkarai mariamman koil street 0.800 m, Pulidevan Nagar 0.560 m, Karaiyur C heankotta0.900 mi, Verkodu 1.400 km, Indira Nagar 1.200 km, Old market street 1.800 km, Ambedkar Nagar 1.500km, Attamal street 1.400 km, Maruthupandiar Nagar 0.650 m, San thana Mariamman koil street 1.600 km, Manthoppu 1.300 km,Dhuraimuga Veethi 1.500 km, N.S.K Street 1.400 km, Pallivasal Street 1.700 km 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter 50- Cents construction 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School School premises building/Community Hall) 13 If School building - No of floors and Class Three Floor rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors - 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Cheran Kottai 0.935 km, sethupathy Hamlet Nagar 1.150 km,Kadarkarai mariamman koil street 0.800 m,Pulidevan Nagar 0.560 m,Karaiyur C heankotta 0.900 mi,Verkodu 1.400 km,Indira Nagar 1.200 km,Old market street 1.800 km, Ambedkar Nagar 1.500 km, Attamal street 1.400 km, Maruthupandiar Nagar 0.650 m, Santhana Mariamman koil street 1.600 km, Manthoppu 1.300 km,

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SLNo. Items Deta8s Dhuraimuga Veethi 1.500 km, N.S.K Street 1.400 km, Pallivasal Street 1. 700 km 16 Type ofRoad BTRoad 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 4907m 18 Approximate length of new road to be 50m constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along No the evacuation route - span and other details

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 7.8. Figure 7.11 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report. •

Plate 7.8. Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Rameswaram village 7.9.5. Environmental Profile ofthe project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a School premises and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 680 m distance and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location does fall under CRZ areas and CRZ clearance is required for this project. There are no major or minor eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village

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.EVACUATION..___ ..cuTE ..-rl"ATION 80UND11RY PF1CP08ED ..VACUATION RQIIID RAILWAYL.- &A8HORE LJIIE RIVER/~ ...... CU.VI!RT PCIIID tl 1DPLI!. Eii3 IICHOOL T TREE I!AIIILY -INCi8Y8'TEM EiJ3 HOU8E8 8MI\LL _,LDINCi ..... } I!VAQ.~o~>nON ROUTE- Figure 7.8. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Rameswaram (South Karaiyur) Village

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited Disaster Managemen&&d Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai

Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental setting of Project Villages

Thoothukudi District 8.1. Brief Profile of the District

The district ofThoothukudi is situated in the extreme south-eastern corner of Tamil Nadu state. It is bounded on the north by the districts of Tirunelveli, Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram, on the east and south-east by Gulf of Mannar and on the west and south-west by the district of Tirunelveli. Total area of this district is 4621 sq. km and the administrative headquarters is an urban agglomeration and also one of the taluk headquarters within the district. Thoothukudi also known as Tuticorin is a city and a municipality in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city is also known as "Pearl City". It is a seaport which serves southern Tamil Nadu including the inland cities of , and Tirunelveli.The main food crop in this district is paddy. Out of the total area of 450954 hectares, 169689 hectares are brought under the cultivation of different crops which is nearly 40% of total area of the district. The important food crops in the district are paddy, cholam, cumbu, ragi, varagu, samai and commercial crops are banana,cotton chilly, sugarcane and groundnut. Vallanadu Sanctuary is located in Vallanadu Village of Srivaikundam Taluk of Thoothukudi District in Tamil Nadu at Tirunelveli- Thoothukudi road at the distance of 16 kilometres away from Tirunelveli Town and is the southernmost place in India where a natural population of Blackbuck exists. The Vallanadu Blackbuck Sanctuary is an isolated hillock with scrub forest in Toothukudi Revenue District situated on eastern side ofTirunelveli- Tuticorin highway. Total 7 villages under 3 Taluks have been identified as falling under CRZ category in this district The list of villages is given below.The details of the villages falling to CRZ category is given in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1. CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Thoothukudi District Sl. Revenue Village Survey Distance Distance from Type of CRZ No. No. of from sea Backwater Backwater Category Shelter shore shore (m) body (m) 1 Thoothukudi II 445 250 II (muthariaayr colony) 2 Kayalpattinam south 3172A2 400 397 River III Kel Tiruchendur 58/B 400 3 (alanthalai) III Kulasekaranpattinam 138/26 250 367 River III 4 (manapadu) 5 Periathalai 606/2D 200 III 6 Tharuvaikulam 345/1 600 III

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 89 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai iiL ltevenue Viu..ge Survey·· Distaaee Distance from Type of CRZ No. No. of from sea Ba~ter Bae~ter Category Sltelt~r shore shore(m) body (m) Keel 920 III 7 Tiruchendur(Amali Nager) 296

8.2. Thoothukudi II (Muthariaayr colony)

8.2.1. Introduction Muthariyar colony is a village coming under Thoothukudi Taluk of Thoothukudi District 8.2.2 Location The location identified for the construction of evacuation shelter is the vacant land in Survey No. 445 in the Premises of Bishop Caldwell Higher Secondary school on Beach road in Thoothukudi city. Location for the shelter is around 250 m from sea shore. The location is at a higher elevation than the land near sea shore and there is no problem of inundation. The School is having electricity and water supply. Free area available at this site is about 50 cents. And the area allotted for the construction of the shelter is 20 cents. In the given land the school Boy's Hostel Mess is functioning. It was made clear by the principal of the school that the building will be demolished and hindrance free land given for the construction of the Shelter. Six hamlets are to be served by this shelter namely: Inicico Nagar, Anna Colony, Thereshpuram, Madavan Nair colony, Muthariyar colony and Vivekanandar colony. At present there is no Evacuation shelter found in the place. Inico nagar is at a distance of 2 km from the Shelter site and 10 m from the seashore. Anna Colony is 750 m from the Shelter site and 10 m from the seashore. Back water stream is running on northern part of colony. Thereshpuram is 900 m from the Shelter site and 10 m from the seashore. Madavan Nair colony, abutting Thereshpuram, is 1.1 km from the Shelter site and l 0 m from the seashore. Muthariyar colony, abutting Madavan Nair colony, is 1.8 km from the Shelter site and 30 m from the seashore. Vivekanandar colony is 3.1 km from the Shelter site and 30m from the seashore. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 8.1.

8.2.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the Revenue Authorities the populations details are given below: Muthariyar colony: 450, Vivekanandar colony: 200, Madavan Nair colony: 650, Thereshpuram: 1400, Anna nagar: 600 and Inico nagar: 750: totaling to 4050.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 90 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai All the five Hamlets are very near to sea shore. Out of the total population of all the five Hamlets, population of around 3500 needs shelter during emergencies like cyclones or Tsunami. However a population of 3000 has been considered for arriving at the shelter size.

Boy's Hostel Mess - Location for Shelter Thoothukudi Plate 8.1: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location in Thoothukudi

The extent of land available is more than 50 cents and land allotted for shelter construction is 20 cents. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Accordingly, shelter with class room arrangement has been fixed with provision for basic amenities such as water, sanitation, electricity, medical room etc. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter. It is requested by the principal that the Shelter should be constructed as an auditorium for the school without compromising the primary use prerequisites. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. However, considering availability of free land in a school compound where the building will have continuous usage, the location selected is acceptable. The shelter can be accessed by other habitats through existing road network.

Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non­ load bearing walls without stilt floor. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building.

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MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF HABITATIONS AND SHELTER

,._- .g, OWIIII:tWG'IIMC -­liil- Figure 8.1. Map showing the location of habitations and Shelter location in Muthariaayr colony Village

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8.3. Kayalpattinam south

8.3.1. Introduction Kalayalpattinam is the Revenue name of this village. It comes under Tiruchendur Revenue Block and Tiruchendur taluk. Kayal pattinam is located between coordinates 8°33'33.10"N and 78° 7'40.27"E. This village has about 5 sea shore hamlets to be served including Kalayalpattinam. Mangalavadi, Singidurai, Kadaykudi and Arunachalapuram are the other hamlets on the sea shore. 8.3.2 Location The location identified for the construction of evacuation shelter is the vacant land in Survey No. 317 /2A2 in the Premises of Govt. Higher Secondary school in Kadaykudi hamlet (also called koombutharai). Location for the shelter is around 400 m from sea shore. The location of the shelter is at quite higher level than the land near sea shore and this site do not get flooded. The School is having electricity and water supply connection. Free area available at this site is more than 1 acre and it belongs to Church. The area allotted for the construction of the shelter is 15 cents. The Alternative use of the shelter will be as Class rooms for the School. The shelter at this location will serve five hamlets; Kalayalpattinam, Mangalavadi, Singidurai, Kadaykudi (/Koombuthurai) and Arunachalapuram. Shelter site is inside the Kadaykudi (/Koombuthurai) hamlet. Kalayalpattinam habitants live 200 m from the sea shore and 2 km from the shelter location. Singidurai is 2 km from the Shelter site and only 60 m from the seashore. Kadaykudi (/Koombuthurai) habitation area starts at a distance of 80 m from the seashore. Arunachalapuram is at 350 m distance from the Shelter site and 550 m from the seashore. Mangalavadi is 3.5 km away from the Shelter site and 300 m from the seashore. There is a cyclone shelter present in CASA Tsunami house colony near mangalawadi. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure: 8.2

Govt. H.S.S functioning near to the proposed Proposed site for Evacuation shelter site for shelter- koombuthurai construction- Koombuthurai Plate 8.2: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location in Kayalpattinam

8.3.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the Revenue Authorities, the population details are given below: Kalayalpattinam: 6800, Mangalavadi: 800, Singidurai: 800, Kadaykudi (/Koombuthurai): 400 and Arunachalapuram: 380 totaling to 9180 people.

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The identified location for shelter being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6 m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1: 10 is proposed for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use during the disaster period. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are planned. Table 8.2: Project details ofvillage in Thoothukudi-11

SI.No. Items Details I Revenue Village Thoothukudi-II 2 Survey No 445 3 Taluk Thoothukudi 4 Land Classification Govt:Poromboke aided HSS 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Six:Muthariyar Colony, Vivekanandar Colony, Madavan Nair Colony, Thereshpuram, Anna Nagar and Inico Naga 6 Population of individual habitation 450;200;650;1400;600;700. 7 Population that need Shelter 3500 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.250 Km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 1.800Km;3 .1 OOKm; 1.1 00Km;0.900Km;0.750K m;2.000Km. 10 Extent of land alloted for shelter 10.50 cents construction 11 Inundation Possibility Nil 12 Type of Shelter (School School building building/Community Hall2_ 13 If School building - No of floors and 3 Floors Class rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of NA floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each 1.000Km Hamlet 16 Type ofRoad BT Road and CC Road in streets 17 Total Leng!_h of Evacuation Route 9.650Km 18 Approximate length of new road to be 0.300Km constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary Nil along the evacuation route. Give span and other details. 8.2.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 250 m. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 93 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental setting of Project Villages

._.. lili .....-~W~~.~~mCa~ .... -- .T­ Gil- '(:] --...,. --... ~ _'"..... ·-­ ~-­--__ ---

Figure 8.2. --Map showing the location of habitations and Shelter location in Kalayalpattinam Village

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 95 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai

Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental setting of Project Villages All the five Hamlets are very near to sea shore. Out of the total population of all the five Hamlets, it is assessed that population of around 2500 needs the shelter during emergency. The extent of land available is more than 1 Acres but it belongs to Church and land allotted is 15 cents. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a building with class room arrangement to function alternatively as a regular school building has been fixed with provision for basic amenities. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter. It is requested that the Shelter should be constructed as class rooms for the school without compromising the primary use prerequisites. Though shelters are community assets and it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets, considering the availability of sufficient land free of cost for the construction of shelter as well as having good/easy connectivity to the shelter from the hamlets the identified site is recommended. Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor considering the cattle population of the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. This location being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1: 10 is provided for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use during the disaster period. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Table 8.3: Project details of village in Kalayalpattinam SLNo. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Kalayalpattinam 2 Survey No 317/2A2 3 Taluk Tiruchendur 4 Land Classification School premises 5 No. and Name of Hamlets to be served Five:Kalayalpattinam, Mangalavadi, Singidurai, Kadaykudi and Arunachalapuram 6 Population of individual habitation 6800;800;800;400;380. 7 Population that need Shelter 2500 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.400 Km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 0.1 OOKm; 1.500Km;2.000Km 10 Extent of land alloted for shelter 20 cents construction 11 Inundation Possibility Nil 12 Type of Shelter (School School building building/Community Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and 3 Floors Class rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of NA floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet 16 Type of Road BT Road and CC Road in streets 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary Nil along the evacuation route. Give span and other details.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 96 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental setting of Project Villages 8.3.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 400 m and is 397 m from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village. 8.4. Kel Tirucbendur (Aianthalai)

8.4.1. Introduction Alanthalai is the Revenue name of this village. Alanthalai comes under Tiruchendur Revenue Block in Tiruchendur taluk. It is located between between the longitude and latitude coordinates 8°27'54.84 "N and 78° 5'58.13 "E. Soosai nagar and Alanthalai hamlets are near to the seashore. 8.4.2. Kel Tiruchendur (alanthalai) Village Location Alanthalai is the Revenue name of this village. Alanthalai comes under Tiruchendur Revenue Block in Tiruchendur taluk. Soosai nagar and Alanthalai hamlets are near to the seashore. 8.4.3 Project Location The location identified for the construction of evacuation shelter is the vacant land in survey No. 58/lB in the premises of Holy Carmel High School. Location for the shelter is around 400 m from sea shore. Land starting after 100 m from seashore is relatively at higher level than the seashore area. The selected site for shelter construction never gets inundated and is safe. Here Tsunami waves had entered 1OOm inside land. The School is having electricity and water supply connections. Free area available at this site is more than 1 acre. And the area allotted for the construction of the shelter is 20 cents. The Alternative use of the shelter will be as Class rooms for the School. The shelter at this location has to serve the 2 hamlets namely Soosai nagar and Alanthalai. Alanthalai habitants live near to the seashore about 100 m away from seashore. Soosai nagar is 600 m from the shelter location and 250 m away froq1 seashore. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 8.3. 8.4.3 Project Description The Vulnerable population in Soosai nagar Hamlet is 160 and that of Alanthalai: hamlet is 1600.Both Hamlets are very near to sea shore. Population of around 2000 needs the shelter during emergencies like cyclones or Tsunami. The authorities orally agreed to allot land for shelter construction, but official written permission to construct shelter inside the school compound is yet to be received from the church authorities. The extent of land available is around 1 Acres and land allotted is 20 cents. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a shelter with class room arrangement has been fixed tentatively with provision for basic amenities. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter. It is requested that the Shelter should be constructed as Class rooms for the school without compromising the primary use prerequisites of shelter. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. The location selected is recommended.

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MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF HABITATIONS AND SHELTER

,____ - ...... t --=y __...- _ ~--- ·-::}EWGIU'IGIIIIWJUIE ....

Figure 8.3. Map showing the location of habitations and Shelter location in Kel Tiruchendur

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 98 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai

Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental setting of Project Villages

Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Vern bar

Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor considering the cattle population of the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. This location being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1 : 10 is provided for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use during the disaster period. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Table 8.4: Project details of village in Alanthalai

SLNo. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Alanthalai 2 Survey No 58/lB 3 Taluk ' Tiruchendur 4 Land Classification Pattaland 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Two:Soosai Nagar and Alanthalai 6 Population of individual habitation 1600 7 Population that need Shelter 2000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.400 km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 0.100Km;0.600 km 10 Extent of land alloted for shelter 20 cents construction 11 Inundation Possibility_ Nil 12 Type of Shelter (School School building building/Community Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and 3 Floors Class rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of NA floors 15 Length.ofEvacuation Route from each 0.100 km;0.600 km Hamlet 16 Type of Road BT Road and CC Road in streets 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 0.700 km 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil

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SI.No. Items Details constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary Nil along the evacuation route. Give span and other details.

8.4.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 400 m and is 367 m from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village.

8.5. Kulasekaranpattinam (manapadu)

8.5.1. Introduction Manapadu is the Revenue name of this village. Kulasekarapattinam comes under Udangudi Revenue Block in Tiruchendur taluk. It is situated between longitude and latitude coordinates 8°22'23.65"N and 78° 3'32.33"E. 8.5.2 Location: The location identified for the construction of evacuation shelter is the vacant land in Survey No. 138/26 in the compound of Holy Ghost Middle school in Manapadu village. Location for the shelter is around 250 m from sea shore. The location of the shelter is at higher level than the land near sea shore and this site is found to be a safe location. The School is having electricity and water supply. Free area available at this site is more than 50 cents. And the area allotted for the construction of the shelter is 18 cents. The Alternative use of the shelter will be as Class rooms for the School. The shelter at this location will serve the habitants living near seashore. At present no Evacuation shelter is found in the village.A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 8.4.

View of Manapadu Village Proposed location- Holy Ghost Middle Schoo Ma Plate 8.4: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Manapadu

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~ -----...... _

Figure 8.4: Map showing the location of habitations and Shelter location at Manapadu

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8.5.3 Project Description: As per the data collected from the Revenue Authorities, the total population of Kulasekarapattinam village is 6000 people. The boundary of the village is 50 m away from the seashore. Population of around 1200 is living near to the seashore. Population of around 2000 can be considered to be served by shelter during emergencies like cyclones or Tsunami. The extent of land available is around 50 Cents and land allotted for shelter construction is 18 cents. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a shelter with class room arrangement has been finalised with provision of basic amenities. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter. It is requested that the Shelter should be constructed as Class rooms for the school without compromising the primary use prerequisites of shelter. The location selected is appropriate as it is near to the habitation area. Building shall be RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor considering the cattle population present in the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. The identified location for shelter being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1: 10 is proposed for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use during the disaster period. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are planned. Table 8.5: Project details of village in Manapadu

I SI.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Manapadu 2 Survey No 138/26 3 Taluk Tiruchendur 4 Land Classification Private Land 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served One:Manapadu 6 Population of individual habitation 6,000 7 Population that need Shelter 2000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.250 Km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 10 Extent of land alloted for shelter 18 cents construction 11 Inundation Possibility Nil 12 Type of Shelter (School School building building/Community Hall) 13 If School building - No of floors and 3 Floors Class rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of NA floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each 0.100Km Hamlet 16 Type of Road BT Road and CC Road in streets 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route O.lOOKm 18 Approximate length of new road to be O.lOOKm constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary Nil along the evacuation route. Give span and other details.

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8.5.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 250 m and is 700 m from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site.The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village. 8.6. Periathalai

8.6.1. Introduction Periyathalai is the Revenue village.comes under Revenue Block in Sathankulam taluk. It is located between the longitude and latitude coordinates 8°19'57.17"N and 77°58'1.98"E. 8.6.2 Location The location identified for the construction of evacuation shelter is the vacant land in Survey No.606/2D in the compound of Government aided Chirumalar High school in Periyathalai village. Location for the shelter is around 200 m from sea shore. The location of the shelter is at higher level than the land near sea shore and this site is found to be suitable for the shelter location. The School is having electricity and water supply. Free area available at this site is 20 cents. And the full area is allotted for the construction of the shelter. The Alternative use of the shelter will be as Class rooms for the School. The shelter at this location will serve the habitants living near seashore.At present no Evacuation shelter is found in the village. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure: 8.5.

Land allotted for the shelter- Chirumalar The old building present adjacent to the High school, Periyathalai vacant land inside school compound-This will be demolished to give space for shelter construction Plate 8.5: Views of proposed evacuation shelter locati«;ln at Periathala.

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MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF HABITATIONS AND SHELTER

Figure 8.5. Map showing the location of habitations and Shelter location at Periyathalai

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8.6.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the Revenue Authorities the population and other details are given below:The total population of Periyathalai village is approximately 8000. The houses of the village are 50 m away from the seashore. Population of around 2000 is living near to the seashore. This population needs the shelter during emergency. The extent of land available is around 20 Cents and same area is allotted for shelter construction. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Accordingly, shelter with class room arrangement for a capacity of 2000 people has been finalised with provision for basic amenities such as water, sanitation, electricity, medical room etc. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter. It is decided that the Shelter shall be constructed as Class rooms for the school without compromising the primary use prerequisites. Shelters are community assets and it is suitable to locate them near to the hamlets. Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor allowing for the protection of cattle population present in the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. The identified location for shelter being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1: 10 is proposed for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use during the disaster period. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are planned. Table 8.6: Project details of village in Alanthalai SLNo. Items Detail$ 1 Revenue Village Periyathalai 2 Survey No 606/20 3 Taluk Sathankulam 4 Land Classification AidedHSS 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served One:Periyathalai 6 Population of individual habitation 8,000 7 Population that need Shelter 2000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.200 Km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 10 Extent ofland alloted for shelter construction 20 cents 11 Inundation Possibility Nil 12 Type of Shelter (School School building building/Community Hall) 13 If School building - No of floors and Class 3 Floors rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors NA 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each 0.200Km Hamlet 16 TypeofRoad BT Road and CC Road in streets 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 0.200Km 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along Nil the evacuation route. Give span and other details.

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8.6.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 400 m and is away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village.

8.7 Tiruchendur (Amali Nagar) Village

8.7.1. Introduction This section presents environmental impact assessment studies on the proposed evacuation shelter at Keela Tiruchendur (Am ali Nagar) village of Thoothukudi District. 8.7.2. Village Location Keela Tiruchendur is the Revenue name of this village. Keela Tiruchendur comes under Tiruchendur Revenue Block in Tiruchendur taluk. Tiruchendur is a famous tourist place in Tamilnadu. Lord Subramanya Swamy Temple is located on the seashore of Tiruchendur. Thousands of tourists visit this place. There are about 3 Hamlets under Keela Tiruchendur to be served with an evacuation shelter namely Tiruchendur, Veerapandiyapattinam and Amalinagar. 8.7.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is a vacant land in Muthukuda village and the land is classified as Government Poramboke in survey no 87173, in Avudaiyar Kovil Taluk and A vudaiyar Kovil Panchayat union . Shelter location is about 800 m away from the sea shore. There is an existing cyclone shelter and community hall in this village. The proposed evacuation shelter location is situated nearby the existing cyclone shelter and is in a high level. The habitation is located 300 m away from the shore and some part of the Muthukuda habitations, people are living in huts very near to the back water region. The approach road to the shelter location is BT road which is in good condition. The Proposed evacuation shelter has to serve for Muthukuda habitation only. From the proposed shelter location, the distance to Muthukuda habitation is 1OOm. The location selected is at a higher elevation. 8.7.4. Project Description The project location is a Natham and the Survey No. 296. The type of building is School building the population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 25 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 920m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation is 3600m. Project details of Keela Tiruchendur village is summarized in Table 8.5. Table 8.7: Project details ofKeela Tiruchendur village in Thoothukudi District

Revenue Village 2 Survey no 296 3 Taluk Tiruchendur 4 Land Classification Natham 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Three:Tiruchendur, V eerapandiyapattinam and Amalinagar 6 Population of individual habitation Tiruchendur: 16000, V eerapandiyapattinam : 10000 and

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Amalinagar :I200. 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.920 Km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation O.I OOKm; I.500Km;2.000Km IO Extent of land allotted for shelter 25 cents construction II Inundation Possibility Nil I2 Type of Shelter (School School building building/Community Hall) 13 If School building - No of floors and Class 3 Floors rooms I4 If Community_ Hall Plinth area/No of floors NA I5 Length of Evacuation Route from each O.IOOKm;I.500Km;2.000Km Hamlet I6 Type of Road BT Road and CC Road in streets

I7 Total Length of Evacuation Route 3.600Km I8 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed I9 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along Nil the evacuation route - span and other details

Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 8.6. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

Location identified for shelter inside Tuticorn - Tiruchendur Road school connecting Veerapandiyapattinam with Tiruchendur Plate 8. 6: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Keela Tiruchendur village

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-­--...--___,_ .... --­---- IIMLY_...... ,_. ==~~ ...... --

Figure 8. 1: Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Keela Tiruchendur Village

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SI.No Items Details 4 Land Classification School premises 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Five: Three in Tharuvaikulam,One each in Pattinamarthur and V ellapatti 6 Population of individual habitation 3200(three habitations); 1000; 1600 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.600Km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 0.350 Km, 3.000 Km, 6.000 Km 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter 20 cents construction 11 Inundation Possibility Nil 12 Type of Shelter (School School building building/Community_ Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Class 3 Floors rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors NA 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each 0.300 Km, 4.100Km, 3.300Km, Hamlet 1.800Km, 2.900 Km 16 Type of Road BT road for connectivity and CC road for streets 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 9.350Km 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along Nil the evacuation route - span Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 8.7. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

• Road towards Shelter location - Shelter site inside School compound - Tharuvaikulam Tharuvaikulam Plate 8. 7: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Tharuvaikulam village 8.8.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a vacant land and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 600m distance and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site.The project location fall under CRZ areas and CRZ clearance is required for this project. There are no major or minor eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village

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8.6.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a vacant land and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 920m distance and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site.As the project location fall under CRZ areas, CRZ clearance is required for this project. There are no major or minor eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village 8.8 Tharuvaikulam Village 8.8.1. Introduction This chapter presents environmental impact assessment studies on the proposed evacuation shelter at Tharuvaikulam village of Thoothukudi District. 8.8.2. Tharuvaikulam Village Location Tharuvaikulam is the Revenue name of this village. Tharuvaikulam comes under Revenue Block and Ottapidaram taluk. It is located 10 km from Thoothukudi town in the sea shore. Fishing is the major occupation and industry of villagers. Salt mining is another lucrative industry. Population is mostly Catholics. There are about three hamlets near sea shore under Tharuvaikulam. Pattinamarthur and Vellapatti are the other two hamlets. 8.8.3. Project Location The location identified for the construction of evacuation shelter is the vacant land (Survey N: 345/1) in the compound of Govt. Aided Higher Secondary school in Tharuvaikulam village. Location for the shelter is 600 m away from sea shore. The location of the shelter is at quite higher level than the land near sea shore and from local enquiry it is understood that the site never got inundated. The School is having electricity and water supply connections in working conditions. Free area of land available at this site is around one acre and area allotted for the construction of the evacuation shelter is 20 cents. In normal times the shelter will be used as School. The shelter at this location is proposed to serve the three hamlets, Tharuvaikulam, Pattinamarthur and Vellapatti. Shelter site is located inside the Tharuvaikulam village. Tharuvaikulam habitants live 250 m away from the sea shore. Temporary huts are also seen built near seashore for fishing acitivites. Pattinamarthur is 3 km away from the Shelter site and at 600 m distance from the seashore. Vellapatti is 6 km away from the Shelter site and 1 km from the seashore. At present no Evacuation shelter is found in the village. Vellapatti hamlet is situated about I Km from sea shore, and the people are not vulnerable to calamities. Moreover, the area between the sea coast and the habitation area is covered with thorny bushes. Casurina plantation also is existing in some area. Hence, the community is safe and this population need not be considered to work out the shelter capacity 8.8.4. Project Description The project location is a School premises and the Survey No. 345/l. The type of building is School building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 20 cents the shelter distance from the sea shore is 600m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation is 9350m. Project details ofTharuvaikulam village are summarized in Table 8.8. Table 8.8: Project details ofTharuvaikulam Village in Thoothukudi District

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.TER

, _,_,...... ,.___...... __ ...... __ _ ...... -----·- T------­liD-- ..lt.,_ ~....,,... ~ .....y ...... ,.. fia- :}---

Figure 8. 7: Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Tharuvaikulam Village

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Kanyakumari District 9.1 Brief Profile of Kanyakumari District Kanyakumari is the southern most district of Tamil Nadu. The district lies between 77° 15' and 77° 36' of the eastern longitudes and 8° 03' and 8o 35' of the northern Latitudes. The District is bound by Tirunelveli District on the North and the east. The South Eastern boundary is the Gulf ofMannar. On the South and the South West, the boundaries are the and the . On the West and North West it is bound by . With an area of 1672 sq. km. It occupies 1.29 %of the total extent of Tamil Nadu. It ranks first in literacy among other districts in Tamil Nadu. Total 19villages under 3 Taluks have been identified for the proposed evacuation shelters in this district (For locations of Taluks and villages please refer Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2 in Chapter 3 - Project Description). The list of villages is given below. • Agastbeeswaram Taluk 1 Kanyakumari 2 Kovalam 3 Keelamanakudi 4 Thengamputhur I Melamanakudy 5 Neendakarai-B • Taluk - 6 Kadiapattinam 7 Periavilai 8 9 • Vilavancodel Taluk - 10 Midalam 11 Kiliyur 12 Pozhikarai I Rajakamangalam 13 Puthenthurai 14 Painkulam I thengapattinam 15 Ezhudesom I erayu mandirai 16 Poothurai 17 Ezhudesom thoothur 18 Kollencode I Vallavilai 19 Kollencode I Neerodi I Marthandamthurai

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Figure 9.2. Location Map of Taluks having project villages in Kanyakumari District Among these villages, Kanyakumari, Pozhikarai/Rajakamangalam, Puthenthurai, Ezhudesam thoothur, KollencodeNallavilai, Kollencode/Neerodi/ Marthandamthurai and Midalam belongs to CRZ category. Therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location. Hence, the provisions of the CRZ notification are applicable for the project. Table 9. 1: CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Villupuram District Distance Survey Distance from Type of Sl. from sea CRZ Revenue Village No. of Backwater Backwater No. shore Category . Shelter shore(m) body (m) 1 Kanyakumari 608 380 - - III 2 Pozhikarai!Rajakamangalan 418/2C 400 - - III 3 Puthenthurai 42/1 200 - - III 4 Ezhudesam thoothur 296/8 420 - - III 5 KollencodeN allavilai 480/2 400 217 Nala III Ko llencode/N eerodi/ 570 950 30 Nala III 6 Marthandamthurai 7 Midalam 7/13 1300 III Village wise project details of villages which fall under CRZ category are presented in the following Sections.

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9.2. Kanyakumari Village 9.2.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter location at anyakumari village in Kanyakumari District. 9.2.2. Kanyakumari Village Location Kanyakumari coastal village in Taluk, located in the southern tip of Kanyakumari district in the state of Tamil Nadu. The district is a major tourist attraction in India. the Land's end, and the confluence of three water bodies, is 20 km to the south of , the administrative headquarters of the district, with tourist attractions of its own which include the Vivekananda Rock Memorial, 133 ft ( 41 m) high statue of Tamil poet-saint Tiruvalluvar - both on the mid-sea on rocky islands; the place is also famous for its distinctly beautiful (reddish) sunrise and sunset. Kanyakumari is well connected with road network; two major National Highways (NHs) are emanating from Kanyakumari town. One is the NH 7 that starts from the Kanyakumari town and runs to Madurai and the other is the NH 4 7 that runs to Salem through Kerala. Kanyakumari village habitations are located between 8°05'13.27"N to 8°04'54.40"N and 77°33'15.10"E to 77°33'05.33"E. 9.2.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in the premises of Government Primary school, Kanyakumari; in Survey no 608, Revenue Village Kanyakumari. Back side of the school is suitable for the proposed evacuation shelter construction. The building can be utilized for the school purpose during non-emergency periods. National Highway 7 from Kanyakumari to Madurai is passing in front of the school. The habitation area is located on the other side of the road near to sea shore. The shelter has to serve only one habitations namely Kanyakumari. The proposed location is at a distance of 380 m from sea coast and comes at a location much above the sea level. The school is located in a commercially built up area surrounded by multistoried buildings. Govt. Hospital and Kanyakumari Railway station is very near to the proposed site. · The route identified for the Kanyakumari habitation for reaching at shelter location has a length of 680 m. The existing road is in good condition up to the Our Lady of Ransom Church located within the hamlet. The road connecting from the church to the habitation is narrow and both side of the road is fully occupied with houses. Other than this main connectivity, there are two narrow roads; these roads are passing through the commercial built up. Traffic jam is very common in this area mainly because of tourism. The land mass close to the habitation area is hilly and uneven. Many of the natives are into fishing activity and other maritime professions. Tourism is one of the main activities of the town; and many locals are employed in shell-craft and other tourism-related businesses. The habitations are very near to the sea shore. Breakwaters are constructed at many places in the sea to resist the wave force and there by protecting the habitants from the rough sea. The seashore also is well protected with seawall. School is having electricity and water supply connections. 9.2.4. Project Description The project location is a School Building with available land and the Survey No. 608. The building type is School Auditorium. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is I 000. The extent of land allotted is 10 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 380m. Length of the evacuation route from each habitation to the proposed evacuation shelter is 680 m. Project details of Kanyakumari village are summarized in Table 9.2. Table 9.2: Project details of Kanyakumari village in Kanyakumari District

A12:astheeswaram 4 Land Classification Government Primarv school

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Premises 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 1 (Kanyakumari) 6 Population of individual habitation Kanyakumari-13786 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore Km0.380 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Kanyakumari-0.680Km 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 10 cents 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Hall) School building 13 If School building- No of floors and Class rooms 3 floors 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors - 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet 16 Type ofRoad BTandCC 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route in m 1.000Km 18 Approximate length of new road to be constructed Nil 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil evacuation route. Give span and other details.

Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Uthandi village Figure 7.1 is an exaggerated view showing shelter and population location. Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report. 9.2.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition- ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 500 m and is 700 m from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 3(Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site.The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village.

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I lnl- EZi:l OCHDOL 'lJ EM.Y_ID_

Figure 9.2. Map showing the location of habitations at Kanyakumari

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9.3. Pozhikarai, Rajakamangalam 9.3.1. Introduction Pozhikarai and Rajakamangalam are two coastal habitations in Rajakamangalam revenue village of Kanyakumari district. Rajakamangalamthurai is one of the most renowned coastal villages in KanyaKumari district, It is located on the West coast of the Arabian Sea, 15 km West, from KanyaKumari, 10 km South, from Nagercoil and 15 Km East, from Colachel. Pozhikarai and Rajakamangalam habitations are located between go 6'56_gg"N 77°22'2g.13"E and go 6'4g.24"N 77°22'5g.30"E. 9.3.2. Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is at the premises of Primary Health Centre at Rajakamangalam, in survey no. 1375 I 1 in Revenue Village Rajakamangalam. The open land near to the Health centre is allotted for construction of proposed shelter. The distance from Rajakamangalam habitation to the proposed shelter location is only 400 m. The site is located near to the Govt. staff quarters building of health centre. The Rajakamangalam habitants are living very near to the sea. This is one of the vulnerable erosion prone areas in Kanyakumari district. The village people are worried about the erosion problem. The seashore is not well protected with sea wall and because of this severe damages are happening to the houses near to the coast. So the evacuation shelter can be effectively utilized during any natural hazard situation. The location of PHC comes at a higher level where there will not be any threat of flooding. The location is 400m away from coast. Pozhikarai and Rajakamangalam are the habitations proposed to be accommodated in this shelter. But the distance from Pozhikarai to the Rajakamangalam Primary health centre is more than 2 km. Pozhikarai habitants can access the shelter proposed for Kesavan Puthenthurai habitation easily. The Internal road of Rajakamangalamthurai village is in good condition. An early warning system proposed for the Rajakamangalam habitation is located at the Primary Health Centre building, Rajakamangalam. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 9.3.

Proposed Shelter Location - PHC Approach road from Shelter to main Road

Plate 9. 2: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location Rajakamangalam

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Figure 9.3. Map showing the location of habitations at Rajakamangalam

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9.3.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the field officers during detailed site survey, vulnerable population of the village is 725 people. There are no Tsunami houses present in this village. It is assessed that a population of 500 people has to be served here by a shelter during emergency and the size is fixed accordingly. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Land required for the construction of shelter is 20 cents. Thus at this location, a multi purpose hall to accommodate a population of 500 people has been considered with provision for basic amenities. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a waiting I meeting hall of the PHC which can be used for other community purposes also without compromising the primary use prerequisites of shelter. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. Building shall be RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls. No stilt floor is considered here. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. In soft and weak soils, piles shall be proposed as foundation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. Buildings shall be designed as earth quake resistant structures. Water storage tanks shall be provided over rooftop. The location being at a higher level with no possibility of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.60 m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1:10 is provided for easy and quick access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Stair case is proposed from first floor to roof top. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Kitchen provision is added to make use of during disaster periods. Table 9.3: Project details ofRajakamangalam Village SL Items :Dcaits .. No ·' 1 Revenue Village Rajakamangalam 2 Survey no 1375 I 1 3 Taluk Vilavankode 4 Land Classification Primary Health Centre 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 2 (Pozhikarai and Rajakamangalam ) 6 Total Population 725 7 Population that need Shelter 500 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.400 km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation (Pozhikarai-2.000 km and Rajakamangalam- 0.400 km) 10 Extent of land alloted for shelter construction 20 cents 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building I Community Waiting I meeting hall of the PHC Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Class 2 floors rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area I No of floors - 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet (Rajakamangalam-0.600 km and 2.00 km) 16 Type ofRoad BTandCC 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route in m 2.600 km 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil

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Sl. Items Details No evacuation route. Give span and other details. 9.3.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 400 m. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 3(Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village. 9.4 Pozhikarai,Puthenthurai, Kesavanputhenthurai 9.4.1 General Pozhikarai, Puthenthurai and Kesavanputhenthurai are three coastal habitations in Dharmapuram revenue village of Kanyakumari district. These 3 habitations are situated in between Rajakamangalamthurai and Pallam coastal habitations. Coastal length of Pozhikarai - Puthenthurai is about 3.2 km. Pozhikarai,Puthenthurai and Kesavanputhenthurai habitations are located between go 6' 24.39" N no 24' g_62" E and go 6' 2.7g" N no 25' 24.33" E. 9.4.2 Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is at St. Maria Annai Higher Seccondary School, Kesavanputhenthurai Revenue Village Dharmapuram. The land allotted for the construction of shelter is at the back side of school; the land consists of plantation. Distance from seashore to the proposed shelter location is 200 m. Village people living along the sea shore of Kesavanputhanthurai can easily access the proposed shelter location. Where as, the habitation from Pozhikarai and Puthenthurai have to travel long distance to reach at this shelter. The distance from Pozhikarai to the shelter location is 600 m and from Puthenthurai distance is 1 km. The shelter location is well connected with a coastal road passing parallel to the sea shore. The School is having Electricity and water supply. A community hall and church are present at seashore ofkesavan puthenthurai

osed Shelter Location: back side of school Plate 9. 3: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location

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HMn'AliCIIIIOI.ICWft' 6i3- -- ...... ~ IWLY.__..,..... Figure 9.4. Map showing the location of habitations at Kesavanputhenthurai

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9.4.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the field officers, population of the village is 3130. There are no Tsunami houses constructed in this village. Out of the total population a part is settled in safe areas. The existing community hall will accommodate a population of around 1500 people. Hence the shelter has to serve only the remaining population of about 1000 people during emergency and the size of shelter is fixed accordingly. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a building with class room arrangement has been fixed for a capacity of 1000 people with provision for basic amenities. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a regular school building without compromising the primary use prerequisites of shelter. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. Considering availability of free of cost land in the school premises 200 away from Kesavanputhenthurai habitation, the location selected is recommended. Building shall be RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls without stilt floor. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. In soft and weak soils, piles shall be proposed as foundation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. Buildings shall be designed as earth quake resistant structures. Water storage tanks shall be provided over rooftop. This location being at a higher level with no possibility of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.60 mabove ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1 : 10 is provided up to first floor level for easy and quick access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Stair case is proposed from first floor to roof top. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Staffroom shall be utilized as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use of during disaster periods. Table 9.4: Project details ofPuthenthurai, Kesavanputhenhurai Village 81. Items Detafts No. "··· I Revenue Village Kuttapuli (Levenjipuram) 2 Survey no - 3 Taluk Dharmapuram 4 Land Classification School Premises 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 3 (Pozhikarai, Puthenthurai, Kesavanputhenthurai) 6 Total Population 3130 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.200 km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation (Pozhikarai-0.6 km and Puthenthurai-1 km, Kesavanputhenthurai-1.20 km ) 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 20 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building I Community School building Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Class rooms 3 floors 14 If Community Hall Plinth area I No of floors - 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet (Pozhikarai-0.6 km and Puthenthurai- 1.0 km, Kesavanputhenthurai-1.2 km ) 16 Type of Road BTandCC 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route in m 3.0km

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1g Approximate length of new road to be constructed Nil 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the Nil evacuation route. Give span and other details.

9.4.4. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 200m. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 3(Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village. 9.5 Ezhudesam Thoothur 9.5.1. General , a coastal village is situated in the Arabian Sea coast. It is headquarter of Thoothoor panchayat, consisting of five villages, namely Thoothoor, , , Poothurai and Erayumanthurai. Thoothoor is located in Taluk, Kanyakumari District,. It is located 45 km West ofNagercoil, the head quarter ofKanyakumari District. Thoothoor is almost exclusively a fishing village, even though a little group of people are involved in agriculture, especially in coconut plantation, besides their primary occupation and other professions. The fishing operation in this village is more often restricted to a coastline of about one-Kilometer length. Its total population is about 6000. This village is bounded in the north by the A.V.M Canal [Anantha Victoria Marthandavarma], south by the Arabian Sea, east by Poothurai village and west by Chinnathurai village. But most of the people of this village are settled at the north of Thoothoor Panchayat up to a length of about 500 meters due to Tsunami warning. Recently the Tamil Nadu Government has constructed a Housing Colony namely St. Thomas Colony in this zone. Those who are settled in the above zone also consider themselves part and parcel of the village ofThoothoor. The habitation is located between go 15' 59.56" N, no 7' 59.51" E and go 15' 30.60" N, no g• 3g.14" E 9.5.2. Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is at Government aided PIUS XI HSS, Thoothur in Survey no 296/8, in Revenue village Ezhudesom. The land allotted for shelter location is in the premises of PIUS XI higher secondary school. Thoothur tsunami house are at eastern side of the land. The A VM canal running parallel to the sea shore is very near to proposed shelter location. The distance from the seashore to the AVM canal is around 320-360m. Road connectivity from Thoothur habitation to the proposed shelter will become easy after the completion of the Bridge. The shelter location is elevated compared to the sea coast and there is no possibility of flooding. It is at a distance of 420 m from the coast. Habitations of Thoothur, Chinnathurai, Eraviputhenthurai, and Erayumanthurai are to be served by the shelter here. This school was initially identified as shelter location for Neerodi habitation which is far away from the location. Thoothur habitations are close to this school and Consultant has interchanged the locations. NOC and other documents have already been obtained from the school authorities. Distance from Thoothur to Poothurai village is about 1.5 km. 500 m length of the road connecting these two villages are in good condition. The remaining 1 km length road is in very bad condition. The width of the road is 4 to 4.5 m

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The Thoothur habitants are living near to the sea shore. The houses are mainly of tiled and concrete roof buildings. The seashore and the built-up are very close; but are well protected with seawall. An early warning System proposed for Thoothur village is located at Primary Health Centre. Another Early Warning system proposed for Chinnathurai village is also near to Thoothur Village. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 9.4 9.5.3. Project Description As per the data collected from the field officers, population of the village is 3722, out of these; some population has been shifted to the new housing colony situated in the locality. Hence the shelter has to serve only the rest of the population during emergency. The population that needs shelter is assessed as around 1000 people, and the size of shelter is fixed accordingly. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a building with class room arrangement for a capacity of 1000 people has been fixed with provision for basic amenities. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a regular school building without compromising the primary use prerequisites of a shelter. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. Here the location is just 400 m away from Thoothur habitation and the location selected is suitable

Existing bridge across AVM canal Proposed Shelter Location- PIUS XI HSS Thoothur Plate 9. 4: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor considering the cattle population of the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. In soft and weak soils, piles shall be proposed as foundation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. Buildings shall be designed as earth quake resistant structures. Water storage tanks shall be provided over roof top

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I --­...... ~­ ~--y-- -·--- fil'l- ! }EVI4MTK1N~--- Figure 9.5. Map showing the location of habitations at Thoothur

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental setting of Project Villages

Though this location is at a higher level with no possibility of inundation, the plinth level is considered 1 to 1.5 m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1: 10 is provided up to first floor level for easy and quick access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Stair case is proposed from first floor to rooftop. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use of during disaster periods. Table 9.5: Project Details ofEzhudesom

: SI.No. .·· .. Items DetailS'···· 1 Revenue Village Ezhudesom 2 Survey no 296 I 8 3 Taluk Vilavancode 4 Land Classification School Premises 5 No. and Name of Hamlets to be served 4 nos. (Thoothur, Chinnathurai, Eraviputhenthurai and Erayummanthurai) 6 Total Population 3722 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.420 km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation - 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter 25 cent construction 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building I School building Community Hall) 13 If School building- No. of floors and 3 floors Class rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area I No of - floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each - Hamlet 16 Type of Road BTandCC 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route in m 1.800 km 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary Nil along the evacuation route. Give span and other details. 9.5.4. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 420 m. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 3(Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under AS I' s CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 126 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental setting of Project Villages 9.6 Vallavilai 9.6.1. Genaral Vallavilai habitation is on southern side of Kollencode Revenue village of Kanyakumari District. Marthandanthurai habitation is on Northern side ofVallavilai Habitation. The habitation is well connected with Major District Road and State Highway. National Highway 47 is 8.5 km away from here. Vallavilai habitation located between 8°17' OO"N no 06' 30.33"E and 8°16' 44.20''N no 06' 57" E. 9.6.2. Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is at Govt. Primary school, Marthandanthurai in Survey no 551, in Village Kollencode. This shelter location can be used by part of marththandanthurai habitation also. Vallavilai, Marthandanthurai and Neerodi are adjacent habitations, close to each other. The location allotted for the shelter construction is near to the Govt Primary school. The school is having one concrete building and another tiled roof building. An old damaged building is also is there. A big play ground is present adjoining the school compound. A part of this also can be utilized if sufficient area is not available in the school premises for the shelter construction. The playground is Government land used by local people. The local Panchayath president also supports this proposal. The proposal was presented to the Special Deputy Collector during the initial site visit. The surrounding area of the location is having coconut plantation. The approach road connecting main road and proposed shelter location has 3 meter width and 90 meter length. The distance from Vallavilai habitation to the shelter is 400m only. The shelter location is slightly above the general ground level of the coast but with out inundation possibility. The sea shore is just 400 m away but the A VM canal comes in between the shelter location and habitation. The main bridge across A VM canal connects the road accessibility between the Vallavilai habitations to proposed shelter. This is the only vehicular crossing for the village people to cross the canal. Two small bridges, towards the south of canal, are used as foot bridges. The A VM canal is running parallel to the sea shore in Kollencode revenue village, the distance from the seashore to the canal is around 200-250 m. , Marthandanthurai and Vallavilai habitations are close to each other and people are living very near to the seashore. They have two main bridges to cross the A VM canal from the seashore. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 9.5 9.6.3. Project Description As per the data collected from the field officers, total population of the village is 5400. Out of these a section has already been shifted to the new Tsunami houses which were constructed at safe locations. It is assessed that around 1200 people are vulnerable during a calamity. Hence the shelter has to serve only this population during emergency and the size is fixed accordingly. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. The area required for the construction of shelter is 20 cents. Thus at this location, a building with class room arrangement for a population of 1000 people has been fixed with provision for basic amenities. Significance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a regular school building without compromising the primary use prerequisites. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. However, considering availability of free of cost land in the Govt primary school premises, the location selected is agreed. Table 9. 6: Project details ofVallavilai -Kollenkode Village

SI.No• . Items Details I Revenue Villa_ge Kollenkode 2 Survey no 551 3 Taluk Vilavankode

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 127 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental setting of Project Villages SI.No. Items Details 4 Land Classification School Premises 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 1 V allavilai 6 Population of individual habitation 5400 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.400 km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 1.6km 10 Extent of land alloted for shelter construction 45 11 Inundation Possibility No Type of Shelter (School building I 12 School building Community Hall) If School building- No of floors and Class 13 3 floors rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors - Length of Evacuation Route from each 15 1.6km Hamlet 16 Type ofRoad BTandCC 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route in m 1.6km Approximate length of new road to be 18 Nil constructed Any new bridge or culvert necessary along 19 the evacuation route. Give span and other - details.

Plate 9. 5: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location- Vallavilai Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls without any stilt floor. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. In soft and weak soils, piles shall be proposed as foundation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. Buildings shall be designed as earth quake resistant structures. Water storage tanks shall be provided over roof top. This location being at a higher level with no possibility of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.60 m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1:10 is provided up to first floor level for easy and quick access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Stair case is proposed from first floor to roof top.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 128 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental setting of Project Villages Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use of during disaster periods. 9.6.4. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 400 m. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 3(Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village.

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Eiii:_,._ 4:t MN.Y ...... I'N1BI 'iia'- i}~..m-...c -----_,_...... Figure 9.6. Map showing the location of habitations at Vallavilai

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9.7 Neerodi, Marthandanthurai 9.7.1. Introduction Neerodi and Marthandanthurai habitations are located adjacent to each other, on Northern side of Kollencode Revenue village of Kanyakumari District. The Kerala - Tamilnadu Boundary is sharing the north side ofNeerodi habitation. These habitations are well connected with Major District Road and State Highway. National Highway 47 is 8 km away from here. Neerodi and Marthandanthurai habitations are located between 8°17' 14.33''N no 07' 33.73"E and 8°17' OO''N no 06' 30.33"E. 9.7.2. Village Location The shelter location identified by the Revenue Department for the habitants of Neerodi hamlet is Government aided PIUS XI School which is 4 Km away. As open land is found available in the nearby Government Primary Health Centre at Marthandanthurai, in survey no: 555 I 2, in Revenue Village Kollencode, this location has been identified for construction of the evacuation shelter. The Govt. land is presently used as a Play ground by the villagers. The location identified for the shelter is near to the Primary Health Centre, on the north side of A VM Canal. A new Library Building which is under construction is also present near to the proposed Shelter location. A narrow bridge present to cross the A VM canal, near the proposed shelter location, is not designed for vehicular traffic, and is presently using for pedestrian passage only. The approach road connecting the main road (N eerodi- V allavilai) to the shelter location is in poor condition and this concrete road has to be improved. The distance from the Neerodi habitation to the shelter location is about 950 m, but the distance is only 300 m from the Marthandanthurai habitation. Though the location selected is not at a higher elevation, sea water inundation will not occur here as it is behind the habitation area after crossing A VM canal. Presently this area has coconut plantation. A VM canal is running parallel to the sea shore in Kollencode revenue village. The distance from the seashore to the AVM canal is around 200-250m. Village people of Neerodi, Marthandanthurai and Vallavilai are living near to the seashore. They have six approaches from the seashore to cross the A VM canal. Two main Bridges across the A VM canal is the main connectivity for the transportation of Buses and other vehicles, whereas other 4 bridges are not having proper width and approach road. The PHC Marthandanthurai is having Electricity and water connections. A map showing the location of habitation, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 9.6 9.7.3. Project Description As per the data collected from the field officers, population of the Neerodi village is 5795 and Marthandanthurai village is 7189, so the total population is 12984. Out of these, approximately 4217 people are considered vulnerable population of both the villages. A part has already been shifted to the new Tsunami houses. A population of 2000 needs shelter here during emergency and the size of shelter is fixed accordingly. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. 20 cents of land is required for shelter construction. Thus at this location, a shelter to accommodate a population of 2000 people has been fixed with provision for basic amenities. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a multi­ purpose hall without compromising the primary use prerequisites. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. However, considering availability of free land in the primary health centre premises 950 m away from Neerodi habitations and 300m from Marthandanthurai habitation, the location selected is acceptable. Table 9.7: Project details ofNeerodi village in Kanyakumari District

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SI.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Villa_ge Kollenkode 2 Survey no 555 I 2 3 Taluk Vilavankode 4 Land Classification Primary Health Centre Premises 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 2 {Neerodi, Marthandanthurai) 6 Population of individual habitation 7 Population that need Shelter 2000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 0.400 km 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation (Neerodi-950 m, Marthandanthurai-300 m) Extent of land alloted for shelter 10 35 construction 11 Inundation Possibility No Type of Shelter (School building I 12 Multipurpose hall Community Hall) If School building- No of floors and Class 13 2 floors rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area I No of floors - Length of Evacuation Route from each 15 (Neerodi-950 m, Marthandanthurai-300 m) Hamlet 16 Type of Road BTandCC 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route in m 1.250 km Approximate length of new road to be 18 Nil constructed Any new bridge or culvert necessary along 19 the evacuation route. Give span and other - details. Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls without stilt floor. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. In soft and weak soils, piles shall be proposed as foundation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. Buildings shall be designed as earth quake resistant structures. Water storage tanks shall be provided over roof top.

Proposed Shelter Location- PHC Road condition & built up- Neerodi- Marthandanthurai Marthandanthurai Plate 9. 6: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Uthandi village

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Though this location is at a higher level with no possibility of inundation, the plinth level is considered 1 to 1.5 m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1: 10 is provided up to first floor level for easy and quick access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Stair case is proposed from first floor to roof top. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Kitchen provision is added to make use of during disaster periods 9.7.4. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 400 m. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 3(Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village.

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Figure 9.7. Map showing the location of habitations at Neerodi

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9.8 Midalam Village 9.8.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter location at Midalam village of Kanniyakumari District. 9.8.2. Midalam Village Location Midalam is a small village, which is 30 km away from Nagercoil, head quarters of Kanyakumari District. Midalam shares border with Enayam, Thengapattinam, on the west side Kurumbanai, Colachel on the east. is on the north and Arabian Sea is on the south. It is connected with nearby villages and town by road .. 9.8.3. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is at Govt. Middle School, Devicode in Survey no 7/13, in revenue Village Midalam. The plot allotted for the shelter is at the back of school. Distance from Midalam habitation to the proposed shelter location is 1.40 km and distance from sea is 1.3 Km. Road connectivity between Shelter and habitation includes Karungal - Midalam road. The bituminous surface of the road is in good condition. Small portion of the road is damaged at Midalam village. The adjacent area of shelter location mainly consists of coconut plantation. The govt. school is having Electricity and water. 9.8.4. Project Description The project location is a Govt. Middle School and the Survey No. 7/13. The type of building is School building. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 500. The extent of land allotted is 10 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 1300m. The total length of the evacuation route from each habitation is 3400m. Project details ofMidalam village are summarized in Table 9.9. Table 9. 1: Project details ofMidalam village in Kanniyakumari District

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I the evacuation route - span and other details Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 9.7. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I of EIA Report.

Proposed shelter location within school A view of coastal area of Midalam compound Plate 9. 7: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Midalam village 9.8.5. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Govt. Middle School and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 1300m distance and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 3(Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site.As per the available sources, the project location fall under CRZ areas and require CRz clerance. There are no major or minor eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village

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Figure 9.81: Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Midalam Village

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Villupuram District 10.1. Brief Profile of Villupuram District Villupuram District, formed in 1993, lies between 11 38' 25" Nand 12 20' 44" S 78 15' 00" Wand 79 42' 55" E with an area of 7222.03 Ha. The residual part of the erstwhile South Arcot district was named as Cuddalore District. It is surrounded on east and south by Cuddalore District, the West by Salem and Dharmapuri District and on the north by Thiruvannamalai and District. At present Vilupuram district comprises of 1490 Revenue Villages, 4 Revenue Divisions, 8 Administrative Taluks, 22 Blocks, 15 Town Panchayat Unions, 1104 Village Panchayats and 3 Municipalities. Coast line of district is 40.7 km long. Total 11 villages under 2 Taluks have been identified for the proposed evacuation shelters in this district. The list of villages is given below. • Vanur Taluk 1. Boommaiyarpalayam Pillachavadi, 2. Boommaiyarpalayam 3. Kottaikuppam • Thindivanam Taluk - 4. Alagankuppam village, 5. Panichumedu 6. Ekkiyarkuppam 7. Mandavaikuppam 8. Chettinagar 9. N ochikuppam 10. Keelputhupattu 11. kuppam Among these Boommaiyarpalayam Pillachavadi, Panichumedu, Ekkiyarkuppam, Mandavaikuppam, Chettinagar, Nochikuppam, Keelputhupattu and Anumandai kuppam belongs to CRZ category whle Alagankuppam village, Boommaiyarpalayam and Kottaikuppam belongs to non CRZ category.

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Figure 10.1. Location Map ofTaluks having project villages in Villuppuram District As per the CRZ Notification, 2011 the projects within 500ms distance from seashore and lOOms from backwater sources fall under CRZ regulations. Since the project location in the following Villages is are within a distance of 500 m from the sea shore it falls under CRZ as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required. Table IO.l:CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Villupuram District Survey Distance Distance from Type of SL CRZ Revenue Village No. of from sea Backwater Backwater No. Category Shelter shore(ml shore (m) body Vanur Taluk Boommaiyarpalayam 322/ 375 - III I - Pillachavadi 13A Thindivanam Taluk 2 Panichumedu 84/1 500 - - III 3 Ekkiyarkuppam 324 I 2 500 - - III 4 Mandavaikuppam 812/2 390 -- III 5 Chettinagar 134/4 280 - - III 6 Nochikuppam 393/3 225 - - III 7 Keelputhupattu 206/1 380 - - III 8 Anumandai kuppam 353/1 350 - - III Village wise project details of villages which fall under CRZ category are presented in the following Sections.

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10.2. Bommaiyarpalayam (Pillaichavadi) 10.2.1 General Bommaiyarpalayam(Pillaichavady) is a coastal panchayat town in Villuppuram district in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the State Capital Chennai & nearby State Pondicherry by East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, Bommaiyarpalayam (Pillaichavady) is connected to Puducherry (Kalapeta) and south by Bommaiyarpalayam. It has a coastal length of about 600m. Bommaiyarpalayam (Pillaichavady) is located at 12°11' 06".58N 79°57' 48".24E/l2°10' 49".44N 79°57' 36".07E 10.2.2 Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is inside Panchayat union elementary school premises and the land is classified as Government Dry in survey no 322/13A, BommaiyarPalayam Village (Pillaichavady), Vanur Taluk in Vanur Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East Coast Road off Kml30/200 and it is at a distance of 150m. The location is about 375m from the sea shore. This village has three coastal habitations to be served namely Bommaiyarpalayam (Pillaichavady), Pillaichavadykuppam, Pillaichavady Colony by the proposed location. The accessibility from the respective habitants to the proposed location is around 150 to 500m. The habitations are well connected with narrow roads of width 2 to 3m. During detailed data collection it has been found that the identified site is along the East coast Road but the village hamlets are on the eastern side of the ECR and near to sea shore. These villages in coastal area are exposed to multiple hazards like coastal floods, tsunamis, cyclones and strong winds. The total population of these hamlets is 2400 people. The threat of sea-level rise and other coastal hazards substantially aggravate the vulnerability of these coastal hamlets. The location identified for the construction of evacuation shelter is at higher elevation. A map showing the location ofhabitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 10.2. 10.2.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the revenue officers, total population of the village is 2400. Out of these, approximately 40% population has already been shifted to the new Tsunami houses which were constructed at safe locations by various agencies. Thus the shelter has to serve only the rest of the population during emergency. As per guidelines for design and construction of cyclone/tsunami shelters published by Government oflndia, capacity assessment can be done considering 50 to 60% of total population of vulnerable locations. Based on this the capacity of shelter is fixed as 50% of total population. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Accordingly at this location, a building with four class rooms in each floor has been decided for a capacity of 1000 people with provision for basic amenities. Importance is given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a regular school building without compromising the primary use requirements as a shelter. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets and thus the site selected is agreeable. Area of land allotted for the shelter construction is 25 cents. Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor depending on the storm tide level and cattle population of the region. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building.

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

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Figure 10.2. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter at Pillaichavady

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited f41 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai

Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

Consultant team with high accuracy hand View of proposed location inside school premises held GPS marking boundary of proposed location Plate 10. 1: Views of proposed evacuation shelter Bommaiyarpalayam (Pillaichavadi) This location being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1:10 is provided for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use during the disaster period. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided.

Table 10~2:Project details of Sunnambukulam village in Thiruvallur District Sl.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Bommayarpalyam (Pillaichavaadi) 2 Survey no 322113 A 3 Taluk Vanur 4 Land Classification GD ( Govt. Dry Land ) Pillaichavady , Pillaichavady 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served (3)' Kuppam, Pillaichavady Colony Pillaichavady 811, Kuppam 573, Colony 6 Population of individual habitation 140 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 375m Pillaichavady 475m pillaichavady Colony 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 415m Pillaichavady Kuppam 650m 10 Extent of land alloted for shelter construction 25 cent 11 Inundation Possibility No Type of Shelter (School building/Community 12 As school Hall) If School building- No of floors and Class 13 Two floors, 8 class rooms rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors NA Length of Evacuation Route from each Pillaichavady 475m pillaichavady Colony 15 Hamlet 415m Pillaichavady Kuppam 650m 16 Type of Road Cement/Bituminous Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1540m Approximate length of new road to be 18 50m constructed

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SI.No. Items DetaiJs Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the 19 No evacuation route. Give span and other details. 10.2.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and is 375m away from the sea shore The area is not prone to any flood incidences. As per the available sources i.e. aerial distance, the project village or the evacuation shelter location does not fall under ecologically sensitive areas. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village at a distance of 10 kms radius. However, since the project location is within a distance of 500 m from the sea shore it falls under CRZ as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location. 10.3. Panichamedu 10.3.1 General Panichamedu is a coastal habitation of Markkanam south Village in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, it is connected to Kazhikuppam and south by Anumandaikuppam. It has a coastal length of about 1.6 Km. Panichamedu is located at 12°08' 22".75N 79°55' 57".04E/ 12°07' 54".15N 79°55' 39".42E 10.3.2 Location: The locations identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is adjacent to Muthalamman temple and the land is classified as Muthalamman Koil Promboke in survey no 84/1, Marakkanam south Village, Taluk in Marakkanam Town Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East Coast Road (E.C.R) off Km124/500 and it is a distance of 700m. It is about 500m from the sea shore. Two habitations namely Panichamedu and Keezpettai are to be served by the proposed shelter. The access road length from these village habitations to the proposed location is about 300m to 350m. The habitations are well connected with cement roads having width of3.75m. During detailed survey and investigations it has been found that the identified site is close to the approach road. The total population for the two hamlets is 1223 as per records. Panichamedu has 110 tsunami houses and Keezpettai has 90 tsunami houses. One community hall also exists in the village where the early warning system is proposed to be installed. Both the hamlets have well connected cement road network and basic amenities like water supply and electricity connections. The proposed location comes at a higher elevation compared to the village hamlets. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 10.3. 10.3.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the revenue officers, total population of the village is 1OOO.Out of these; approximately 40% population has already been shifted to the new Tsunami houses. Hence the shelter has to serve only the rest of the population of 600 people during emergency and the size of shelter is fixed accordingly. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a shelter of 1000 people capacity with 3800 sq ft floor area and with alternative function as community hall has been fixed with provision for basic amenities. Importance is given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as community hall without compromising the primary use prerequisites of a shelter. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 143 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages hamlets. Considering availability of free land in near vicinity the location selected is more ideal. Area of land allotted for the shelter construction is 25 cents ..

Plate 10.2: Views of proposed Evacuation shelter location at Panichamedu Building shall be two storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor depending on the storm tide level and considering the cattle population of the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. Table 10.3:Project details of Sunnambukulam village in Thiruvallur District Sl.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Panichumedu 2 Survey no 84/l 3 Taluk Tindivanam 4 Land Classification Government Dry(Koil Promboke) 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 2, Panichamedu and Keezpettai 6 Population of individual habitation Panichamedu 900, Keelpettai 300 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 500m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Panichamedu 350m Keelpettai 560 m Extent of land alloted for shelter 10 25 Cents construction 11 Inundation Possibility No Type of Shelter (School 12 84 I 1 building/Community Hal!l If School building- No of floors and Class 13 Two floors, 8 class rooms rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors NA Length of Evacuation Route from each 15 Panichamedu 350m, Keelpettai 560 m Hamlet 16 Type ofRoad B.TRoad 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 910m Approximate length of new road to be 18 No constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along No

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SI.No. Items Details the evacuation route. Give span and other details.

This location being at a higher level, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1: 10 is provided for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Kitchen and utility provisions are also considered. 10.3.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and is 500 m away from the sea shore i. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. As per the available sources i.e. aerial distance, the project village or the evacuation shelter location does not fall under ecologically sensitive areas. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's CentraVState list are located within the vicinity of the site. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village at a distance of I 0 kms radius. However, since the project location is within a distance of 500 m from the sea shore it falls under CRZ as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 145 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

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Figure 10.3. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter locations Panichamedu

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Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

10.4. Marakkanam South (Ekkaiarkuppam) 10.4.1 General Marakkanam South (Ekkaiarkuppam) is a coastal panchayat town in district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, Ekkaiarkuppam is connected to Naravakkam and south by Mandavai Pudukuppam. It has a coastal length of about 1.5Km. Marakanam South (EkkaiarKuppam) is located at 12°11' 06".58N 79°57' 48".24E I 12°10' 49".44N 79°57' 36".07E 10.4.2 Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in the new Tsunami houses compound premises, in private land transferred to Government which is classified as Government Dry (G.D) with survey no 324/2, Marakkanam south Village, in Marakkanam Town Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East Coast Road (ECR) off Km 1171100 and it is at a distance of 2.5Km. The location is about 500m from the sea shore. This village has two coastal habitations to be served namely ekkiyarkuppam and Konavayankuppam by the proposed shelter. The accessibility from the ekkiyarkuppam habitants to the proposed location is not more than 600m. The habitations are well connected with cement roads of width 3.75m. During detailed survey investigation it has been found that most of the population has been shifted to the newly constructed Tsunami houses. This village has a population of about 2130 people. 50 % of population that still remains in the sea shore requires the evacuation shelter. Konavayankuppam village is around 1.2km far from the proposed location. It has around 50 families with 250 members. The Middle school located in the village has strength of 300 students and the classes are up to 8th standard. Two community halls are also present. Due to non availability of land in school premises the location has been shifted near to tsunami house. The local population is satisfied with the selection of this location. The proposed location has no history of inundation in the past. The study considers social, physical and environmental conditions of the region and also focuses on shelter systems such as human living environment, cooking provisions, and livestock shelters and sanitation systems such as toilets, water wells. Basically all the habitants are fishers' community. The habitation area has well connected roads and electricity connection. Small number of cattle population has been observed.A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 10.4.

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Views of proposed Evacuation Shelter location at Marakkanam South 10.4.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the revenue officials, total population of the village is around 2000 people. Out of these, approximately 50% population has already been shifted to the new Tsunami houses which were constructed at the safe location. Hence the shelter has to serve only the rest of the population during emergency. As per guidelines for design and construction of cyclone/tsunami shelters published by Government of India, capacity assessment can be done considering 50 to 60% of total population of vulnerable locations. Based on this the capacity of shelter is fixed as 50% of total population. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a two storied building having each floor area approximately 3800 sq. ft has been set for 1000 people capacity with provision for basic amenities. Consideration is also given to the sustainable utility of the shelter as a regular community hall without compromising the primary use requisites as a shelter. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. However, considering availability of free of cost land in close vicinity, the location selected is acceptable. Area of land allotted for the shelter construction is 25 cents. Building shall be two storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor considering the cattle population of the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. This location being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1: 10 is provided for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Kitchen and utility provisions are also considered. Table 10.4:Project details ofMarakkanam South Ekkiyarkuppam village SI.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Marakkanam South Ekkiyarkuppam 2 Survey no 324 I 2 3 Land Classification Government Dry 4 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Ekkiyarkuppam and Konavayankuppam 5 Population of individual habitation Ekkiyarkuppam -2000 Konavayankuppam-200 6 Population that need Shelter 1000 7 Distance of shelter from seashore 500m Ekkiyarkuppam -270m, Konavayankuppam- 8 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 1.0km

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SLNo. ' Items Details Extent of land allotted for shelter 9 25 cents construction 10 Inundation Possibility Nil Type of Shelter (School building I 11 Community Hall Community Hall) If School building- No of floors and 12 NA Class rooms If Community Hall Plinth area I No of 13 Two floors floors Length of Evacuation Route from each Ekkiyarkuppam -270m, Konavayankuppam- 14 Hamlet 1.0km 15 Type of Road Cement Road 16 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1.3 km Approximate length of new road to be 17 Nil constructed Any new bridge or culvert necessary 18 Nil along the evacuation route. Give span

10.4.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and is 500 m away from the sea shore i. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. As per the available sources i.e. aerial distance, the project village or the evacuation shelter location does not fall under ecologically sensitive areas. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site.There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village at a distance of 10 kms radius. However, since the project location is within a distance of 500 m from the sea shore it falls under CRZ as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location.

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Figure 10.4. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter locations at Marakkanam South

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10.5. Mandavai Pudukuppam 10.5.1 General Mandavai Pudukuppam is a coastal habitation of Markkanam south Village in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, it is connected to Ekkaiarkuppam and south by Kazhikuppam. It has the coastal length of about l.OKm. Mandavai Pudukuppam is located at 12°09' 49".05N 79°56' 54".95E/ 12°09' 37".38N 79°56' 47".57E 10.5.2 Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is open school premises and the land is classified as Government Dry (G.D) in survey no 812/2, Marakkanam south Village, Tindivanam Taluk in Marakkanam Town Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East coast Road (E.C.R) offKml211350 and it is at a distance of 1.5 Km. It is about 390m from the sea shore. Only Mandavai Pudukuppam habitation is to be served by this shelter. There is road accessibility from the village to the proposed location which has a length of about 350m. The habitation is connected with cement road of width 3.75m. During detailed survey and investigation it has been found that the identified site which lies between School building and Sewage treatment plant will not have sufficient space for shelter construction and hence the location has been shifted to north-eastern side of the proposed location which is adjacent to connecting road to ECR. The hamlet has about 120 houses with 540 numbers of people. It is a small hamlet with 110 Tsunami houses and one community hall. This hamlet has good internal road network connectivity with cement roads and basic services such as water supply and electricity. The Middle school located in the village has strength of 60 students and new school building has already been sanctioned in school premises. The proposed location has no history of inundation in the recent past. No environmental or social issues have been absorbed here. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 10.5.

View of proposed location abutting the Connecting cement road to the proposed road location Plate 10.4 Views of proposed Mandavai Pudukuppam habitation 10.5.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the revenue officers, total population of the village is only 540. Out of these, approximately 40% population has already been shifted to the new Tsunami houses which were constructed at safe locations. Hence the shelter has to serve only the remaining population during

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 151 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages emergency and the size is arrived accordingly. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 152 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

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Figure 10.5. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter at Mandavai Pudukuppam

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As per the available sources i.e. aerial distance, the project village or the evacuation shelter location does not fall under ecologically sensitive areas. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village at a distance of 10 km radius. However, since the project location is within a distance of 500 m from the sea shore it falls under CRZ as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location. 10.6. Chettinagar 10.6.1 General Chettinagar is a coastal habitation of Chettikuppam Village in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, it is surrounded by Anumandhai and south by . It has a coastal length of about 650m. Chettinagar is located at 12° 06' 06".02N 79° 54' 30".61E/ 12° 05' 52".72N 79° 54' 20".60E 10.6.2 Location The location identified for construction of evacuation shelter is Elementary school premises and the land is classified as Natham in survey no 134/4, Chettinagar Village, Tindivanam Taluk in Marakkanam Town Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity to the proposed location is from NH-45A off Km129/350 and it is at a distance of 600m. The location is about 280m from the sea shore. There is two habitation namely chettinagar and Tana Nagar to be served by the proposed location. The accessibility from this village habitation to the proposed location is about 200m to 250m. The habitations are well connected with cement and Bituminous roads having width of 3 .OOm During detailed data collection it has been found that the identified site is abutting the approach road. The total population of this hamlet is around 1000 people. Chettinagar has 193 tsunami houses to which part of the population has already moved in. One community hall exists where the early warning system is proposed to be installed. Basic amenities such as water supply and electricity connection are available. The location selected for shelter construction is at a higher elevation. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 10.6.

Proposed location inside school compound Well connected cement road near to the identified site Plate 10.5: Views of proposed Evacuation shelter at Chettinagar

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Thus at this location, the shelter is to be constructed for a capacity of 500 people and a school building with three class rooms of standard size has been fixed with provision for basic amenities. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a regular school building without compromising the primary use requirements as shelter. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets at safe location. Here, the distance from the habitation to the proposed shelter location is only 350m. As Government land is available land acquisition formalities can be avoided. Area of land allotted for the shelter construction is 25 cents. Building shall be two storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor considering animal population of the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. This location being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1 : 10 is provided for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use during the disaster period. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Table 10.5 Project details ofMandavaipudukuppam village SI.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Mandavaipudukuppam 2 Survey no 812 I 2 3 Taluk Tindivanam 4 Land Classification Government Dry 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 1 Mandavai Pudukuppam 6 Population of individual habitation Mandavaipudukuppam - 540 7 Population that need Shelter 500 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 390m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 430m 10 Extent of land alloted for shelter 25 cents construction 11 Inundation Possibility NIL 12 Type of Shelter (School building I As school Community Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Class Two floors, 4 class rooms rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors NA 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each 430m Hamlet 16 Type ofRoad BTRoad 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 430m 18 Approximate length of new road to be Nil constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along Nil the evacuation route. Give span and other details. 10.5.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and is 430 m away from the sea shore i. The area is not prone to any flood incidences.

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Figure 10.6. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 156 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai

Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages 10.6.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the field officers, total population of the village is 1370. Out of these, approximately 60% population has already been shifted to the newly constructed Tsunami houses. Hence the shelter has to serve only the rest of the population during emergency and the size is fixed accordingly. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a shelter of 500 people capacity with two class rooms and to have alternate use as school building has been fixed with provision for basic amenities. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a regular class room without compromising the primary use prerequisites as a shelter. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. The location selected is very close to the habitation area and is suitable for shelter construction. Building shall be two storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor depending on the storm tide level and cattle population of the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. This location being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6 m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1 : 10 is provided for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use during the disaster period. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Table 10.6:Project details ofChettinagar village

SLNo. Items ' Details 1 Revenue Village Chettinagar 2 Survey no 134/4 3 Taluk Thindivanam 4 Land Classification Natham 5 Nos and Name of Hamlets to be served Two- chettinagar and Tana Nagar 6 Population of individual habitation Chettinagar- 1200 , Tana nagar- 170 7 Population that need Shelter 500 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 280m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Chettinagar 216 m, Tana Nagar 687 m 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter 0.10 aeres construction 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School As school building/Community Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Two floors, 4 class rooms Class rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of NA floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Chettinagar 216 m, Tana Nagar 687 m Hamlet 16 Type of Road Cement I Bituminous Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 900m 18 Approximate length of new road to be NIL constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary NIL along the evacuation route. Give span and

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 157 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu V o I ume II- Env1ronmenta . I Settmg ofPro)ect VI"II ages SI.No. Items DetaHs other details. 10.6.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and is 280 m away from the sea shore The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village. However, since the project location is within a distance of 500 m from the sea shore it falls under CRZ as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location. 10.7. Nochikuppam 10.7.1 General Nochikuppam is a coastal habitation of Koonimedu Village in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, it is surrounded by Chettinagar and south by Koonimedukuppam. It has a coastal length of about 1.25Km. Nochikuppam is located at 12° 05' 45".25N 79° 54' 16".40E/12° 05' 03".34N 79° 53' 49".55E 10.7.2 Location The identified location for construction of the evacuation shelter is adjacent to Meenakashi Amman Temple near to Tsunami Houses premises and the land is classified as Assessed Waste Dry in survey no 393/3, Koonimedu Village, Tindivanam Taluk in Marakkanam Town Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East Coast Road (E.C.R) off Km 131/015 and it is a distance of 620m. It is about 225m from the sea shore. There are three habitations namely Koonimedu Colony (Ambedkar Nagar), M.G.R Nagar and Nochikuppam to be served by the proposed shelter. The access roads from these village habitations to the proposed shelter location have length ranging between 300m to 600m. The habitations are well connected with cement and Bituminous roads ofwidth 3.75m. During detailed data collection it has been found that the identified site is abutting the approach road. The total population for three hamlets is 5000 people. Ambedkar Nagar has 270 tsunami houses, M.G.R Nagar has 160 tsunami houses and Nochikuppam has 194 Tsunami Houses. Only one private school, A.L.M school, exists in the village. There is no space available in the school premises for shelter construction. For MGR Nagar hamlet, new road is to be formed in order to reach the proposed location. One small community hall also exists where the existing early warning system is fixed. Basic amenities such as water supply and electricity are available in the locality. The location identified is at a higher elevation. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 10.7. 10.7.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the field officers, total population of the village is 5000. Out of these, approximately 50% population has already been shifted to the new Tsunami houses which were already constructed. Hence the shelter has to serve only the rest of the population during emergency. As per guidelines for design and construction of cyclone/tsunami shelters published by Government of India, capacity assessment can be done considering 50 to 60% oftotal population of vulnerable locations. Based on this the capacity of shelter is fixed as 50% of total population and the size is fixed accordingly. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 158 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

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Figure 10.7. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter locations at Nochikuppam

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 159 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai

Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu

Proposed location adjacent to Temple View of Tsunami House near Proposed location Plate 10. 6: Views of proposed Evacuation shelter at Nocbikuppam Accordingly, at this location, a shelter to house 2000 people has been fmalized with provision for basic amenities. Consideration is given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a community hall without compromising the primary use prerequisites as a shelter. Shelters are community assets and it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. Area of land allotted for the shelter construction is 25 cents. Building shall be two storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor depending on the storm tide level and cattle population of the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. This location is being at a higher elevation with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1: 10 is provided for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Kitchen and utility provisions are also considered. Table 10.7:Project details ofNocbikuppam village Sl.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Nochikuppam 2 Survey no 393/3 3 Taluk Tindivanam 4 Land Classification Assessed Waste Dry 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 3 nos. Koonimedu Colony (Ambedkar nagar), Konnimedu (MGR Nagar), Nochikuppam 6 Population of individual habitation 3200 7 Population that need Shelter 2000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 225m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Nochikuppam 320 m, Ambedkar Nagar 580 m, M.G.R Nagar 980 m 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 25 cents 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building I Community As community hall

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 160 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu V oume I II - E nvtronmenta . I S ettmg. o f P roJect . V'll1 ages Hall) 13 If School building - No of floors and Class NA rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No offloors NA 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet Nochikuppam 320 m, Ambedkar Nagar 580 m, M.G.R Na_gar 980 m 16 Type of Road Cement I Bituminous Road 17 Total Len_&h of Evacuation Route 1880 m 18 Approximate length of new road to be 215m constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along the No evacuation route. Give span and other details.

10.7.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and is 280 m away from the sea shore i. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No. 2(Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village at a distance of I 0 kms radius. However, since the project location is within a distance of 500 m from the sea shore it falls under CRZ as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location. 10.8. Keelputhupattu 10.8.1 General Keelputhupattu is a coastal habitation ofKeezputhupattu Village in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, it is surrounded by Koonimedukuppam and south by Gopichettikulam (Puducherry). It has a coastal length of about 2.25Km. Keezputhupattu IS located at 12° 04' 20".58N 79° 53' 20".39E/ 12° 02' 54".28N 79° 52' 36".08E 10.8.2 Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is inside Tsunami Houses premises and behind the Ocean Spray Hotel, the land is classified as Natham in survey no 206/1, Keezputhupattu Village, Tindivanam Taluk in Marakkanam Town Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from NH-45A offKm134/500 and it is a distance of 580m. It is about 380m from the sea shore. There are about three habitations namely Mudhalayarkuppam, Anichakuppam and Pudukuppam to be served by the proposed shelter. The route length from the village habitations to the proposed shelter location is about 300m to 1.5Km. The habitations are well connected with cement and Bituminous roads ofwidth 3.0m During detailed data collection it has been found that the Mudhalayarkuppam hamlet has 256 houses with 1000 people population. There is no community hall in this hamlet whereas Anichakuppam and Pudukuppam have one community hall. The population of Anchikuppam is around 1000 people and Pudukkupam has 300 people. The existing community hall serves the purpose during emergency periods. The necessity of evacuation shelter is more for the people of Mudhalayarkupppam hamlet. Basic amenities such as water supply and electricity are available. Location proposed for shelter construction is at a higher elevation. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 10.8.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 161 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

Figure 10.8. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter at Keelputhupattu

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 162 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai

Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

View of proposed location near Tsunami View of road connectivity to proposed location houses Plate 10. 7: Views of proposed Evacuation shelter at Keelputhupattu 10.8.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the revenue officers, total population of the village is 2300.0ut of these; approximately 40% population has already been shifted to the new Tsunami houses which were constructed at safe locations. Hence the shelter has to serve only the rest of the population during emergency. As per guidelines for design and construction of cyclone/tsunami shelters published by Government of India, capacity assessment can be done considering 50 to 60% of total population of vulnerable locations. Based on this the capacity of shelter is fixed as 50% of total population. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Therefore, at this location, a shelter for a capacity of 1000 people with three class rooms in each floor has been fixed with provision for basic amenities. Importance is also given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a regular school building without compromising the primary use prerequisites of the shelter. Shelters are community assets and it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. However, considering availability of Government land near to the school compound, the location is selected. Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor depending on the storm tide level and cattle population of the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. This location being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1: 10 is provided for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use during the disaster period. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Table 10.8:Project details ofKeelputhupattu village SI.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Keelputhupattu 2 Survey no 206/1 3 Taluk Tindivanam 4 Land Classification Natham 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served (3 ) ' Anichukuppam, Pudukuppam, Mudaliyarkuppam 6 Population of individual habitation Anichukuppam 1000, Mudaliyarkuppam 1200,

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Sl.No. Items Details Pudukuppam 300 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 380m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Anichukuppam 1.1 km, Mudaliyarkuppam 515 m, Puduku_ppam 1.8 km 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter 25 Cent construction 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building I As school Community Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Class Two floors, 8 class rooms rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinth area I No of NA floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each 2.75 Hamlet 16 Type of Road Cement I Bituminous Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 3.4km 18 Approximate length of new road to be No constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary along No the evacuation route. Give span and other details. 10.8.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and is 380m away from the sea shore i. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No.2 (Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central/State list are located within the vicinity of the site.The project location falls under CRZ area and hence CRZ clearance is required for this village .. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village. 10.9. Anumandaikuppam 10.9.1. General Anumandhaikuppam is a coastal habitation of Anumandhai Village in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the East Coast Road (ECR).It is surrounded by Panchimedu in the North and Chettikuppam in the South. It has a coastal length of about l.OKm. Anumandhaikuppam is located at 12° 07' 22".14N 79° 55' 19".74E I 12° 07' 04".77N 79° 55' 08".43E 10.9.2 Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is Elementary school premises and the land is classified as Government Dry in survey no 35311, Anumandhai Village, Tindivanam Taluk in Marakkanam Town Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East Coast Road (E.C.R) off Km1261250 and it is at a distance of 650m. It is about 350m from the sea shore. There is only one habitation Anumandhai Kuppam to be served by the proposed location. The accessibility from this village habitation to the proposed location is about 250m to 300m by road. The

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 164 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages habi~tion is well connected to the shelter location with cement and Bituminous roads having width 3.75m. During detailed survey investigation it has been found that the identified site is close to the approach road. The total population of this hamlet is around 1800 people. Anumandhai Kuppam has 178 new tsunami houses. One community hall exists where the early warning system is proposed to be installed. Basic amenities such as water supply and electricity is available. The proposed site is open, high land. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 10.9.

Approach road connecting the proposed View of the proposed location near temple location Plate 10. 8: Views of proposed Evacuation shelter at Anumandaikuppam 10.9.3 Project Description As per the data collected from the revenue officials, total population of the village is about 1800. Out of these, approximately 40% population has already been shifted to the new Tsunami houses which were constructed at safe locations. Hence the shelter has to serve only the rest of the population of about 1080 people during emergency. As per guidelines for design and construction of cyclone/tsunami shelters published by Government of India, capacity assessment can be done considering 50 to 60% of total population of vulnerable locations. Based on this the capacity of shelter is fixed as 50% of total population and the size of shelter is fixed accordingly. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a shelter for 1000 people with three number of class rooms has been considered with provision for basic amenities. Significance is given to the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter as a regular school building without compromising the primary use requisites of a shelter. As it is proper to locate the shelters near to the hamlets the location identified is suitable. Area of land allotted for the shelter construction is 25 cents. Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls with stilt floor considering the storm tide level and cattle population of the area. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 165 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai

Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages This location being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.6m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1 : 10 is provided for easy access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use during the disaster period. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women shall be provided. Table 10.9:Project Details of Anumandaikuppam Village SLNo. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Anumandaikuppam 2 Survey no 353 I 1 3 Taluk Thindivanam 4 Land Classification Government Dry Land 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 1no. Anumandai 6 Population of individual habitation 1800 ~ 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 350m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 300m 10 Extent of land alloted for shelter 25 cent construction 11 Inundation Possibility No 12 Type of Shelter (School building I School Community Hall) 13 If School building- No of floors and Two floors, 8 class rooms Class rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area I No of NA floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each 300M Hamlet 16 TypeofRoad Cement I Bituminous Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 300m 18 Approximate length of new road to be No constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert necessary No along the evacuation route. Give span and other details.

10.9.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a school building and is 300 m away from the sea shore. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No.2 (Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central list /State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village at a distance of 10 km radius. However, since the project location is within a distance of 500 m from the sea shore it falls under CRZ as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 167 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

Thiruvarur District 11.1. Brief Profile of Thiruvarur District Thiruvarur District is one of the coastal districts of Tamil Nadu State. The city of Thiruvarur is the district headquarters. Tiruvarur district was formed on 1st January 1997. It is located between 10 °20' and 11 °07' Latitude (N-S) and between 79 °15' and 79 o 45' Longitude (E-W). It covers the geographical area of 2097.09 Sq. km and has the total population of 11, 69,474 including 5,80,784 males and 5,88,690 females. The district is situated at 10 m AMSL. The maximum temperature is 36.9°C and the minimum temperature is 29.8 °C. This district is known for its rich religious heritage (piligrimage centres), natural beauties and communal harmony. The total area under cultivation is 237715 Ha. Some of the major crops grown in Tiruvarur district are rice, pulses, sugarcane, groundnut, gingerly, and cotton. People of the district are also engaged in dairy, fishery and handloom industry. Muthupet mangrove swamp is one of the ecologically sensitive areas in Thruvarur District is in close association with the coastal wetlands of Vedaranyam spreading an area of approximately 6,800ha. out of which 77.20 ha is occupied by well grown mangrove and the remaining area is covered by poorly grown mangroves Mangrove zone of the forest is restricted to the edges of the brackishwater lagoon where the true mangrove species are distributed in varying degree of abundance. Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary is located in Thiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu. The total area of the sanctuary is 45 ha. The Sanctuary is home to variety of migratory water birds like Coot, Grey Heron, White Ibis, Open bill Storks, Night Heron and Purple Heron. Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary is also located in Thiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu. The sanctuary is a favourite flyaway spot for migratory birds and has recorded congregation upto 20000 birds

There are 2 revenue divisions, 7 taluks, 27 firkas, 573 villages, 10 community development blocks, 4 municipalities, 7 town panchayats, 430 panchayat villages, 18 district panchayat wards, 176 panchayat union wards and 3108 village panchayat wards.Tota1 6 villages under 1 Taluk have been identified for the proposed evacuation shelters in this district. The location of Taluk and villages are given in Figure 11.1 and Figure 11.2. As per the CRZ Notification, 2011 the projects within 500ms distance from seashore and lOOms from backwater sources fall under CRZ regulations. Since the project location in Sunnambukulam Village is at a distance of 500 m from the sea shore it falls under CRZ III as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location. Hence, the provisions of the CRZ notification are applicable for the project. Table 11.8:CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Thiruvarur District Survey Distance Distance from Type of Sl. CRZ Revenue Village No. of from sea Backwater Backwater No. Category Shelter shore_{_m) shore (_mj bod_y_ Gummudipoondi Taluk 1 Thillaivizhagam 48611 4000 300 Pond III

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'· ,. ,J

__ ,_

-..n'IIOIL .tJ -- ...... ------Figure 10.9. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter locations at Anumandhaikuppam

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Thiruvarur District Taluks

Figure 11.1. Location Map ofThiruvarur District

11.2 Thillaivizhagam 11.2.1. Introduction Thillaivizhagam is a revenue village in Thirutturaippundi Taluk, Thiruvarur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to Panchayath union town, Mutthupet. 11.2.2 Village Location Thiruvarur is located between Latitude (N-S) 10° 20' and 11° 07' and longitude (E-W) 79° 15' And 79° 45' Thillaivizhagam is located at 10 °24' 23.93" N 79° 32' 36.53"E I 10°23' 18.95''N 79° 32' 36.53"E. 11.2.3 Project Location The location identified is the open land, which is classified as punJal m survey no 486/1, in Thekkikadu hamlet of Thillaivizhagam Village, Thirutturaippundi Taluk. Identified location is about 4 Km from the sea shore. This village has eight habitations · namely Therkukadu, Armangadu, Omangadu, Namisikadu, Kovilady, Keelakkurai, Sangangadu, Melakadu, melakkurai and Kaluvankadu. However, only Therkukadu, Armangadu and Sangangadu are to be served by the proposed shelter. The average accessibility distance from the respective habitations to the proposed shelter location is around 1 to 3 Km. The proposed location comes at a higher level with no history of inundation.

Thillaivizhagam villager's major occupation is Agriculture. There are many small backwater streams running within the village. There are about 6 Govt. schools in the village with total capacity to accommodate 2000 people. There is one community hall present in the village which has capacity of 300 people and is in fair condition. The village experiences flood problems in rainy times, making some of the hamlets inundated for a height of about 2 feet. The vulnerable population to be catered by the proposed evacuation shelter is assessed as about 1600 people and 300 cattle.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 169 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages 11.2.4 Project details Project details of Thillaivizhagam village are given in Table 11.2. A map showing the location of habitations and evacuation shelters is attached as Figure 6.2. Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 11.1. Table 11.2 Project details of Thillaivizhagam village in Thiruvarur District Sl.No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Thillaivizhagam 2 Survey no 486/1 3 Taluk Thirutturaippundi 4 Land Classification Punjai 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be 3, Therkukadu, Armangadu, Sangangadu served 6 Population of individual Total population of all Three hamlets- ( habitation 3000) 7 Population that need Shelter 1600, (catle- 300) 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 4km 9 Distance of shelter from each Therkukadu -lkm, Armangadu- 2.5km, Habitation Sangangadu - 1.9km 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter 0.1011Ha construction 11 Inundation Possibility no 12 Type of Shelter (School building/Community Hall) Communiy hall 13 If School building -No of floors and Class rooms - 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No two floors, 5793sqftlfloor of floors 15 Length of Evacuation Route from each Hamlet - 16 Type ofRoad Bituminous road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 4.5km 18 Approximate length of new road - to be constructed 19 Any new bridge or culvert Reconstruction of existing slab culvert to two necessary along the evacuation cell Box of size 2 x 2 at road connecting route - span and other details Sangangadu hamlet.

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 170 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II -~~~~~~~~!£i~Yi!~~--.------,l"T""'

Back water stream parallel to road near to Shelter location

Plate 11.1 Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Thillaivizhagam Village 11.2.5 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition - ambient air quality, water quality and noise level, is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The proposed evacuation shelter is in a Communiy hall and is 4000 m away from the sea shore. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No.2 (Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central list /State list are located within the vicinity of the site. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. There are no major eco-sensitive issues of concern found near the project village at a distance of 10 km radius. However, since the project location is within CRZ as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location.

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Thanjavur District 12.1. Brief Profile of Thanjavur District Thanjavur District is the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu. The Big Temple and the other famous temples in the district are known all over the world. Thanjavur was the cultural capital of the country in 1790. 2 The district has an area of 3,396 km • It had a population of 2,216,138 as of 2001 census. It is geographically located with northern latitude 9.50' and 11.25' and eastern Longitude 78.45' and 79.25'. The district is in Central Tamil Nadu bounded on the northeast by Nagapattinam District, on the east by Tiruvarur District, on the south by the Palk Strait, of Bay of Bengal on the west by Pudukkottai District, and on the north by the river Kollidam, across which lie Tiruchirappalli and Perambalur districts. Though Brehadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list, the project villages are far away from the temple. Vedaranyam is one of the ecologically sensitive areas and is one of the coastal blocks in Thanjavur district which consists of tidal flats, salt pans, mangroves, salt marshes and reserve forests. It falls within the co-ordinates of 0°15'-10°22'N and 79°45'-79°52'E Vedaranyam is one of the six major Wildlife Sanctuaries and also an important coastal wetland in Tamilnadu. V edaranyam is the one of the major wintering grounds for migratory birds from North India, Europe, Asia and Africa. The number of reservoirs formed here for making salt, serve as feeding grounds for the migratory birds and to the resident bird population. These swamps host around 240 species of birds out of which 48% is aquatic and the rest is terrestrial

Total 14 villages under 2 Taluks have been identified for the proposed evacuation shelters in this district Out of this the following belongs to CRZ category:. • Pattukottai Taluk 1. Pudupattinam 2. Karisavayal • Peravurani Taluk 3. Nadium 4. Marakkavalasai 5. Thiruvathevan

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Thanjavur Di•trict Taluks

Figure 12.1 Location Map of Taluks having project villages in Thanjavur District

Village wise project details of villages which fall under CRZ category are presented in the following Section. As per the CRZ Notification, 2011 the projects within 500ms distance from seashore and lOOms from backwater sources fall under CRZ regulations. Since the project location in the following villages is at a distance of 500 m from the sea shore it falls under CRZ III as per CRZ Notification, 2011 and therefore, CRZ Clearance is required for this project location. Hence, the provisions of the CRZ notification are applicable for the project. Table 12.9:CRZ categorization of evacuation shelter location in Thanjavur District Distance Distance from Type of SL Survey No. CRZ Revenue ViUage from sea Backwater shore Backwater No. of Shelter Category shore (m) (m) body I Pudupattinam 2111 350 548 Pond III 2 Karisavayal 102/8 500 250 RiverNala III 3 Nadium 2711 500 192 NaJa III 4 Marakkavalasai 154/2/8 216 189 RiverNala III 5 Thiruvathevan - 2 327/3 500 169 Pond III (301/3) 6 Vilangulam 228/1 1530 164 RiverNala III

12.2. Pudupattinam Village 12.2.1. Introduction This section presents environmental setting of the proposed evacuation shelter at Pudupattinam Village of Thanjavur District. Pudupattinam is a coastal village in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to district headquarters of Thanjavur by the two State highways (SH-28 and SH-26) and also by the newly laid East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, Pudupattinam is bounded by Kollakkadu and south by Kallivayal. It has a coastal length of about 1.2 km.

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12.2.2. Project Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is open land near to community hall which is classified as patta land with survey no 2111, Pudupattinam village, Pattukottai taluk in Sethubavachatram Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East Coast Road (ECR) off km 87/900 and it is at a distance of 550m. The location is about 350m from the sea shore. This village has three coastal habitations to be served namely Muslim street, Karayar Street and Valival Street by the proposed location. The habitations are at a distance of 600m to 1.41 km. They are well connected with bituminous roads. During detailed survey investigation it has been found that the proposed open land near to the existing community Hall is located at the centre of all habitations. Since there is no space available at the Elementary school premises open land has been opted with help of Village President. The proposed location is generally located at higher location. Karayur street habitants are located at low lying area and the need for evacuation shelter is significant. New Tsunami houses are being constructed at Valival street habitation. Presently the population that need evacuation shelter at Muslim street is 500, at Karaiyur street is 800 and Valival street is 700 summing up the total to 2000. 12.2.3. Project Description The project location is an Open land with available land and the Survey No. 2111. The type of building is Community Hall. The population requiring the evacuation shelter is 1000. The extent of land allotted is 25 cents. The shelter distance from the sea shore is 350ms. The length of the evacuation route from each habitation varies from- Muslim street- 656 m, Karayar Street- 637 m and Valival Street- 1.453km. Project details ofShozhinganallur village are given in Table 12.2. Table 12.2. Project details of Pudupattinam village in Thanjavur District SLNo Items Details l Revenue Village Pudupattinam 2 Survey no 21/l 3 Taluk Pattukottai 4 Land Classification Pattaland 3 nos. (Muslim street, Karayar Street and 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Valival Street ) 6 Population of individual habitation 2200 7 Population that need Shelter 1000 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 350m Muslim street - 656 m, Karayar Street - 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation 637 m and Valival Street- 1.453 km 10 Extent of land allotted for shelter construction 25 Cents ll Inundation Possibility No Type of Shelter (School building/Community 12 Community Hall Halll If School building- No of floors and Class 13 rooms - 14 If Community Hall Plinth area/No of floors 3 floors, l 030 sq. ft I floor Length of Evacuation Route from each Muslim street - 656 m, Karayar Street - 15 Hamlet 637 m and Valival Street- 1.453 km 16 Type of Road BT and CC Road 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 1.906 km Approximate length of new road to be 18 Nil constructed Any new bridge or culvert necessary along 19 Nil the evacuation route - span and other details --

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Figure 12.2 is an exaggerated view showing evacuation shelter and population location. Views of proposed shelter locations are provided in Plate 12.1. Detailed information and Design details of a Typical Evacuation Shelter building and additional amenities are given in Chapter 3 - Project Description, Vol. I ofEIA Report.

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Proposed Evacuation Shelter Location Approach Road to the Proposed Shelter location Plate 12. 7: Views of proposed evacuation shelter location at Shollinganallur village 12.2.4. Environmental Profile ofthe project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. The project location is in a Community Hall and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 350 m and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. As the project location falls under CRZ category, CRZ Clearance is required for the project village.

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Figure 12.2 Map showing location of habitations and Shelter location in Pudupattinam Village

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 177 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages

12.3. Karisavayal 12.3.1. General Karisavayal is a coastal village in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to district head quarters of Thanjavur by the two State highways (SH-28 and SH-26) and also by the newly laid East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, Karisavayal is bounded by Kallivayal and south by Nadium. It has a coastal length of about 550m. 12.3.2. Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is Chinnamanai Middle school premises which is classified as Natham in survey no 102/8, Karisavyal village, Pattukottai taluk in Sethubavachatram Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East Coast Road (ECR) off km 911600 and it is at a distance of 250m. The location is about 450m from the sea shore. This village has only one coastal habitation to be served namely Chinnamanai by the proposed location. The habitation is at a distance of 50m to 500m. It is well connected with bituminous roads. During detailed survey investigation it has been found that the village has one community hall near the middle school and also existing evacuation shelter at Kollukadu. The existing community hall, which is used for Marriages, 1and the school building is used as evacuation shelter during emergency period. It has also been observed that there are no Tsunami houses in this village. The proposed location is ideal when compared to elevation of habitations which is generally low. The present population of village is more when compared to the past records, which suggests that only a population around 674 require the shelter. However during consultation with local people with the help of Tashildar and Village administrative officer it is found that the present population is about 1000. No Tsunami houses in this hamlet. The proposed location has no history of inundation. The study considers social, physical and environmental conditions of the region and also focuses on shelter systems such as human living environment, cooking provisions, and livestock shelters and sanitation systems such as toilets, water wells. Basically all the habitants are fishers' community. The habitation area has well connected roads and large number of cattle population also has been observed. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 12.3.

A roach Road to the Pro osed Shelter Location. Plate 12. 2: Views of proposed Evacuation Shelter location at Karisavayal

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Figure 12.3 Map showing location of habitation and Shelter location

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12.3.3. Project Description As per the data collected from the revenue officials, total vulnerable population of the village is around 1000 people. The existing school building and community hall can take care of safety of part of the population. Hence the shelter has to serve only the rest of the population during emergency. As per guidelines for design and construction of cyclone/tsunami shelters published by Government of India, capacity assessment can be done considering 50 to 60% of total population of vulnerable locations. Based on this the capacity of shelter is fixed as 50% of total population. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a three storied building with class room arrangement has been set for 500 people capacity with provision for basic amenities. Considering the sustainable utility aspect of the shelter a regular school without compromising the primary use requisites as a shelter is propsosed. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. Here the location comes within the habitation area and hence the location is acceptable. Building shall be three storied RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls. Separate arrangement with raised platform and RCC roof shall be made adjacent to the shelter building for housing the animals. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. In soft and weak soils, piles shall be proposed as foundation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. Buildings shall be designed as earthquake resistant structures. Water storage tanks shall be provided on roof top. This location being at a higher level with no history of inundation, the plinth level is considered 0.75m above ground level. Ramp with a slope of 1 : 10 is provided up to ground floor level for easy and quick access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Stair case is proposed from ground floor to roof top. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Table 12.3. Project details of Karisavayal village in Thanjavur District Items DetailS 1 Revenue Village Karisavayal 2 Survey no 102 I 8 3 Taluk Pattukottai 4 Land Classification Natham 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served 1 no. (Chinnamanai ) 6 Population of individual habitation 1000 7 Population that need Shelter 500 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 450m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Chinnamanai -7 44 m Extent of land allotted for shelter 10 25 Cents construction 11 Inundation Possibility No Type of Shelter (School building I 12 School building Community Hall) If School building- No of floors and Class 13 3 floors, 103 0 sq. ft I floor rooms If Community Hall Plinth area I No of 14 floors - Length of Evacuation Route from each 15 Chinnamanai -7 44 m Hamlet

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16 Type of Road BTRoad 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 744m Approximate length of new road to be 18 Nil constructed Any new bridge or culvert necessary along 19 the evacuation route. Give span and other one pipe culvert 1.2 m dia details.

12.3.4 Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Community Hall and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 350 m and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. As the project location falls under CRZ category, CRZ Clearance is required for the project village. 12.4 Nadium 12.4.1. General Nadium (Pillayarthidal)is a coastal village in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to district head quarters of Thanjavur by the two State highways (SH-28 and SH-26) and also by the newly laid East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, Nadium is bounded by Karisavayal and south by Marakkavalssai. It has a coastal length of about 500m. Nadium is located at 10 °15' 42".11N 79° 17' 44'.38E I 10° 15' 31 ".20N 79° 17' 33". 71E 12.4.2. Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is inside Panchayat union elementary school premises on the western side ofECR, which is classified as Tharisu with survey no 27/1, Nadium village, Peravurani taluk in Sethubavachatram Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East Coast Road (ECR) off Km93/800and it is at a distance of 15m. The location is about 500m from the sea shore. This village has only one coastal habitation to be served namely Pillarthidal habitant to the proposed location. The habitations are at a distance of 50m to 500m. They are well connected with bituminous roads. During detailed survey investigation it has been found that the identified location is near to the East Coast Road as well as Pillarthidal habitants are very near to the coastal areas which has larger risk of inundation. The scattered population of habitants with minor cattle population was been observed. The total population to be served by the proposed evacuation shelter is around 500. All the internal roads connecting the proposed location are well connected bituminous roads. The area is low lying. The study considers social, physical and environmental conditions of the region and also focuses on shelter systems such as human living environment, cooking provisions, and livestock shelters and sanitation systems such as toilets, water wells. Basically all the habitants are fishers' community. The habitation area has well connected roads and. Minor number of cattle population has been observed. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 12.4.

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Figure 12.4 Map showing location of habitation and Shelter location at Nadium

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Plate 12.8: Views of proposed Evacuation Shelter location at Nadium 12.4.3. Project Description As per the data collected from the revenue officials, total population of the village is around 383 people. The shelter has to serve only this population during emergency. As per guidelines for design and construction of cyclone/tsunami shelters published by Government of India, capacity assessment can be done considering 50 to 60% of total population of vulnerable locations. Based on this the capacity of shelter is fixed as 50% of total population. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Accordingly, considering the sustainable utility of the shelter a regular school building without compromising the primary use requisites as a shelter is proposed with a capacity of 500. A three storied structure with 1030sqft per floor is proposed. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. However, considering availability of free of cost land in close vicinity, the location selected is acceptable. Area of land allotted for the shelter construction is 25 cents. Building shall be three floors RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls. Separate arrangement with raised platform and RCC roof shall be made adjacent to the shelter building for housing the animals. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. In soft and weak soils, piles shall be proposed as foundation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. Buildings shall be designed as earthquake resistant structures. Water storage tanks shall be provided on rooftop. This location being at a lower level with possibility of inundation, the plinth level is considered 1.00 m above ground level and so shelter and surrounding location shall filled-up. Ramp with a slope of 1:10 is provided up to first floor level for easy and quick access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Stair case is proposed from first floor to roof top. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use of during disaster periods. Table 12.4:Project details ofNadium village in Thanjavur District Sl. No. Items Details 1 Revenue Village Nadium 2 Survey no 27/1 3 Taluk Peravurani 4 Land Classification Tharisu

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SLNo. Items Details 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Pillarthidal 6 Population of individual habitation 383 7 Population that need Shelter 500 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 500m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Pillarthidal - 900m Extent of land allotted for shelter IO 25 Cents construction II Inundation Possibility Yes Type of Shelter (School I2 School building building/Community Hall) If School building- No of floors and Class 13 Three floor, I030 sq. ft I floor rooms 14 If Community Hall Plinh area/No of floors - Length of Evacuation Route from each I5 Pillarthidal - 900 m Hamlet 16 Type of Road BTRoad 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 900m Approximate length of new road to be I8 Nil constructed Any new bridge or culvert necessary along 19 the evacuation route. Give span and other - details. 12.4.4. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Community Hall and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 350m and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. As the project location falls under CRZ category, CRZ Clearance is required for the project village. 12.5. Marakkavalasai 12.5.1. General Marakkavalasai is a coastal village in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to district head quarters of Thanjavur by the two State highways (SH-28 and SH-26) and also by the newly laid East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, Marakkavalasai is bounded by Nadiyum and south by Vilangulam. It has a coastal length of about 300m. 12.5.2. Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is inside Government middle School compound which is classified as Poromboke with survey no 154/2/8, Marakkavalasai village, Peravurani taluk in Sethubavachatram Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East Coast Road (ECR) offKm97/800 and it is at a distance of 15m. The location is about 216m from the sea shore. This village has only one coastal habitation to be served namely Karanguda habitant to the proposed location. They are well connected with bituminous roads. During detailed survey investigation it has been found that the identified location is inside school compound and is the only site available as per the village records. Since the village is bounded by backwaters on North and south side and Bay of Bengal on the east, the habitation is under larger risk of

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited 184 Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, ETRP, Chennai Design of Evacuation Shelters and Routes in Environmental Impact Assessment Report 12 Tsunami affected Coastal Districts of Tamil Nad Volume II- Environmental Setting of Project Villages inundation and other natural disturbances. Although, the identified site is low lying area when compared to habitations, there is no other suitable site available. The Proposed location has no electricity connection. Clustered population has been observed in the habitation area. The study considers social, physical and environmental conditions of the region and also focuses on shelter systems such as human living environment, cooking provisions, and livestock shelters and sanitation systems such as toilets, water wells. Basically all the habitants are fishers' community. The habitation area has well connected roads and. Minor number of cattle population has been observed. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 12.5

Approach Road to the proposed Evacuation Proposed Evacuation Shelter Location Shelter location Plate 12. 4: Views of proposed Evacuation Shelter location at Marakkavalasai 12.5.3. Project Description As per the data collected from the revenue officials, total population of the village is around 800 people. As per guidelines for design and construction of cyclone/tsunami shelters published by Government of India, capacity assessment can be done considering 50 to 60% of total population of vulnerable locations. Accordingly, the shelter has to serve 500 members of population during emergency. Based on this the capacity of shelter is fixed as 50% of total population. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size. Thus at this location, a three storied building having each floor area approximately 1030sq. ft has been set for 500 people capacity with provision for basic amenities. Giving consideration to sustainable utility of the shelter, a regular school building without compromising the primary use requisites as a shelter is proposed. As shelters are community assets, it is appropriate to locate them near to the hamlets. Considering availability of free of cost land in close vicinity, the location selected is acceptable. Area of land allotted for the shelter construction is 25 cents.

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Figure 12.5. Map showing location of habitation and Shelter location

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Building shall be RCC framed structure with column beam arrangement and non-load bearing walls. Foundation type shall be decided based on the results of geotechnical investigation. In soft and weak soils, piles shall be proposed as foundation. Rectangular shape is adopted for the building. Buildings shall be designed as earthquake resistant structures. Water storage tanks shall be provided on rooftop. This location being at a lower level with possibility of inundation, the plinth level is considered 1.0 m above ground level and shelter area and surroundings should filled-up to minimize inundation effect. Ramp with a slope of 1 : 10 is provided up to first floor level for easy and quick access of aged citizens and children to the shelter. Stair case is proposed from first floor to rooftop. Separate sanitary blocks for men and women are provided. Staffroom shall be utilised as a doctor's room during emergency times. Kitchen provision is added to make use of during disaster periods Table 12.510: Project details ofMarakkavalasai village in Thanjavur District

SLNo~ Items .,.,.. 1 Revenue Village Marakkavalasai 2 Survey no 154/2/8, 3 Taluk Peravurani 4 Land Classification School Premises Poromboke 5 No and Name of Hamlets to be served Karanguda 6 Population of individual habitation 1000 7 Population that need Shelter 500 8 Distance of shelter from seashore 216m 9 Distance of shelter from each Habitation Karanguda - 599 m Extent of land allotted for shelter 10 25 Cents construction 11 Inundation Possibility Yes Type of Shelter (School building I 12 School building Community Hall) If School building- No of floors and 13 3 floors, 1030 sq ftlfloor Class rooms If Community Hall Plinth area I No of 14 floors - Length of Evacuation Route from each 15 599m Hamlet 16 Type of Road BTRoad 17 Total Length of Evacuation Route 599m Approximate length of new road to be 18 Nil constructed Any new bridge or culvert necessary 19 along the evacuation route. Give span - and other details. 12.5.4. Environmental Profile of the project area Existing environmental condition ambient air quality, water quality and noise level is good at the project site. However, sanitation facilities may require improvement. The project location is in a Community Hall and away from the sea shore i.e. at about 350 m and away from backwater sources. The area is not prone to any flood incidences. The proposed location falls only in Seismic Zone No.2 (Least to Moderate) It is also noted that no World Heritage Site, Archeological Monuments under ASI's Central list /State list are located within the vicinity of the site.As the project location falls under CRZ category, CRZ Clearance is required for the project village.

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12.6. Thiruvathevan - 2 12.6.1. General Thiruvathevan (Somanathapattinam) is a coastal village in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to district head quarters of Thanjavur by the two State highways (SH-28 and SH-26) and also by the newly laid East Coast Road (ECR). In the North side, Thiruvathevan (Somanathapattinam) is bounded by Thiruvathevan (Annanagar Pudhu theru) and south by Kuppathevan. It has a coastal length of about 500m only. 12.6.2. Location The location identified for construction of the evacuation shelter is in open land adjacent to the fish drying unit which is classified as Tharisu in survey no 30113, Thiruvathevan (Somanathapattinam) village, Peravurani taluk in Sethubavachatram Panchayat union. The existing major connectivity for the proposed location is from East Coast Road (ECR) off Km107/200 and it is at a distance of 650m. The location is about 500m from the sea shore. This village has two coastal habitations to be served by the proposed location namely Somanathapatinam and Valavanpatinam habitations. The habitations are at an average distance of 150m to 2.0 Km. They are well connected with cement and bituminous roads. During detailed survey investigation it has been found that the identified location is near to the Muthu Mariamman Temple open land but during Festival seasons this land is used for religious activities so the village heads along with general public during consultation requested for location change to a place near to the existing fishermen community hall and Over head tank area with survey no 327/3. The existing School is one Km far from the proposed shelter. Construction of 85 new Tsunami houses is under progress. The Somanathapattinam habitants are about 300m away from the Mudiyanar river. The proposed location is low lying area, inundated during the rainy season. Most of the population shall be shifted to the newly constructed Tsunami houses. This village has a population of about 2100 people. 50 % of population that still remains in the sea shore requires the evacuation shelter. Valavanpatinam village is around 2.0Km far from the proposed location. It has around 230 families. The study considers social, physical and environmental conditions of the region and also focuses on shelter systems such as human living environment, cooking provisions, and livestock shelters and sanitation systems such as toilets, water wells. Basically all the habitants are fishers' community. The habitation area has well connected roads and. Minor number of cattle population has been observed. A map showing the location of habitations, shelter and evacuation route is attached as Figure 12.6 12.6.3. Project Description As per the data collected from the revenue officials, total population of the village is around 2095people. Out of these, approximately 50% population shall be shifted to the new Tsunami houses which were constructed at the safe location. Hence the shelter has to serve only the rest of the population during emergency. As per guidelines for design and construction of cyclone/tsunami shelters published by Government of India, capacity assessment can be done considering 50 to 60% of total population of vulnerable locations. Based on this the capacity of shelter is fixed as 50% of total population. A floor area requirement of 5 to 6 sq ft per person is considered in fixing the shelter size.

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---,_ - -_,_,.,. Figure 12.6. Map showing location of habitations and Shelter locations at Thiruvathevan

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