Westmeath County Council

Kilbeggan Wastewater Treatment Plant - Discharge Licence Application

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Appropriate Assessment

October 2010 MGW0058CR0032

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EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:39 Kilbeggan Wastewater Discharge Licence Application - Appropriate Assessment

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION...... 1

2 APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 3

3 APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 5

3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 5 4 STAGE 1 - SCREENING...... 7

4.1 STEP 1 - MANAGEMENT OF THE SITE ...... 7 4.2 STEP 2 - PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 7 4.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION...... 7 4.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 12 5 STEP 3 - CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NATURA 2000 SITES ...... 21

5.1 RIVER SHANNON CALLOWS CSAC – SITE CHARACTERISTICS ...... 22 5.2 RIVER SHANNON CALLOWS CSAC – QUALIFYING FEATURES AND POTENTIAL THREATS AND IMPACTS...... 22 5.3 RIVER SHANNON CALLOWS CSAC – CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES ...... 24 5.4 MIDDLE SHANNON CALLOWS SPA...... 24 5.5 MIDDLE SHANNON CALLOWS SPA – QUALIFYING FEATURES AND POPULATION SIGNIFICANCE ...... 25 5.6 MIDDLE SHANNON CALLOWS SPA – CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES ...... 25 6 STEP 4 - ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 26

7 SUMMARY AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 32 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Location of Kilbeggan WWTP discharge point Relative to Natura 2000 Sites

Figure 1.2 Outline Steps for an Appropriate Assessment

Figure 4.1 Schematic Location Plan of Sampling Points and Relevant Discharges

Figure 6.1 Flow Diagram for Screening Water Services Infrastructure Projects: Kilbeggan WWTP Discharge Licence

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List of Tables

Table 4.1 Waste Assimilative Capacity (WAC) Of River Brosna

Table 4.2 Kilbeggan WWTP - Proposed Upgrade Works – Phase 1

Table 4.3 Proposed Treatment Standards of Kilbeggan WWTP Upgrade Phase 1

Table 4.4 EPA Monitoring Data for Receiving Waters (River Brosna)

Table 4.5 Potential In-Combination Effects of Other Plans and Projects

Table 5.1 Qualifying Habitats of the River Shannon Callows cSAC and Associated Threats and Impacts

Table 5.2 Qualifying Species of the River Shannon Callows cSAC

Table 5.3 Qualifying Species of the Middle Shannon Callows SPA and their Population Significance

Table 6.1 Stage 1 - Screening Matrix for Kilbeggan and Environs Discharge Licence Application

Appendices

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Appendix A Drawings

Appendix B Water Quality Monitoring - River Brosna

Appendix C NPWS - Site Synopsis

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1 INTRODUCTION

Westmeath County Council submitted the Kilbeggan Wastewater Discharge Licence Application to the EPA on the 17th September 2008 in accordance with the requirements of the Wastewater Discharge (Authorisation) Regulations 2007 (SI 684, 2007).

The Kilbeggan Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was constructed in 1986 to cater for a design loading population equivalent (PE) of 2,250. It is currently operating for a loading of approximately 2,600 PE and also treats surface water from a combined sewerage system. Treated effluent from Kilbeggan WWTP is currently being discharged into the River Brosna. This river eventually discharges to the River Shannon approximately 45km downstream of Kilbeggan WWTP where the Grand Canal also discharges to the River Shannon. The point at which the River Brosna discharges to the River Shannon has been designated the River Shannon Callows candidate Special Area of Conservation (cSAC) (site code: 000216) and the Middle Shannon Callows Special Protection Area (SPA) (site code: 004096) (also referred to as Natura 2000 sites).

There are also another three cSAC sites located close to the River Brosna between the WWTP and the point at which it discharges to the River Shannon.

- Clare Bog cSAC (side code:000572) (approximately 1.5km south of the River Brosna), - Ferbane Bog cSAC (side code:000575) (approximately 1 km south of the River Brosna), For inspection purposes only. and Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

- Moyclare Bog cSAC (side code: 000581) (approximately 1 km south of the River Brosna).

Given the nature of the wastewater discharge, the nature of these three Natura Sites (bogs) and their distance from the River Brosna, it is not considered that these sites need to be considered further in the appropriate assessment process for Kilbeggan wastewater treatment discharge licence.

Figure 1.1 shows the location of Kilbeggan WWTP and its discharge point relative to these Natura Sites.

On the 1st July 2010 the EPA issued Westmeath County Council with a Section 18 Notice under SI 684 of 2007 to supply additional information in relation to Kilbeggan Wastewater discharge licence application (Ref D0103-01). Point 5 of this notice requests the following:

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EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:39 . 100 ent. used, used, 50 Kilometers D01 Rev. 0 MGW0058 +353 91 400200 91 +353 534199 91 +353 ireland@rpsgroup.com rpsgroup.com/ireland MGW0058MI0048D01  Drawing No. Drawing File Ref. File MI0048 Project No. Project Lyrr Building, Lyrr Park, Technology & Business IDA Galway, Mervue, Ireland T F E W Legend cSAC cSPA River Natura 2000 Sites 2000 Natura EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:39 P.J.G M.C.S M.W. Kilbeggan WWTP Kilbeggan Point Discharge WWTP DischargeWWTP Licence 1.1 N.T.S August '10 August AA ScreeningAA for Kilbeggan discharge point Relative to to Relative point discharge 1. This drawing is the property of RPS Group Ltd. It is It Ltd. Group RPS of property the is This drawing 1. copied, be not must and document confidential a cons written prior without divulged contents its or Head Malin Datum, Ordnance to referred are levels All 2. 0005010 EN Licence Ireland Survey Ordnance 3. Ireland. of Government ©Copyright Westmeath Westmeath Location of Kilbeggan WWTP Kilbeggan of Location County Council County Approved by: Approved Notes Date: Checked by: Checked Client Project Title Figure Details Issue by: Drawn Scale: Discharge Point Discharge Point Discharge Point Discharge Discharge Point Discharge Point Discharge Discharge Point Discharge Discharge Point Discharge Point Discharge Point Discharge KilbegganWWTP KilbegganWWTP KilbegganWWTP KilbegganWWTP KilbegganWWTP KilbegganWWTP KilbegganWWTP KilbegganWWTP KilbegganWWTP

Clara Bog cSAC Clara Bog cSAC Clara Bog cSAC Clara Bog cSAC Clara Bog cSAC Clara Bog cSAC Clara Bog cSAC Clara Bog cSAC Clara Bog cSAC

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Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. other any for required owner copyright of Consent For inspection purposes only. purposes inspection For Ferbane Bog cSAC Ferbane Bog cSAC Ferbane Bog cSAC Ferbane Bog cSAC Ferbane Bog cSAC Ferbane Bog cSAC Ferbane Bog cSAC Ferbane Bog cSAC Ferbane Bog cSAC Moyclare Bog cSAC Moyclare Bog cSAC Moyclare Bog cSAC Moyclare Moyclare Bog cSAC Moyclare Bog cSAC Moyclare Moyclare Bog cSAC Moyclare Moyclare Bog cSAC Moyclare Bog cSAC Moyclare Bog cSAC Moyclare Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Middle Shannon Callows SPA Kilbeggan Wastewater Discharge Licence Application - Appropriate Assessment

RPS has been commissioned by Westmeath County Council to prepare an Appropriate Assessment Screening Report in response to the above. The assessment was conducted in line with the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, Article 6(3), the 2009 EPA Guidance Document - Waste Water Discharge Licensing- Appropriate Assessment and the recommendations and protocol set out in the Water Services Circular Letter L8/08: Water Services Investment and Rural Water Programmes – Protection of Natural Heritage and National Monuments (2nd September 2008).

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2 APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

The Kilbeggan wastewater discharge licence application details the current practice of discharging treated effluent from the WWTP to the River Brosna which in turn discharges to the River Shannon, approximately 45 km downstream. The point at which it discharges to the Shannon forms part of the River Shannon Callows candidate Special Area of Conservation (cSAC) (site code: 000216) and the Middle Shannon Callows Special Protection Area (SPA) (site code: 004096) (Natura 2000 sites). As a result an Appropriate Assessment Screening Assessment is required under the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, Article 6(3) and (4), Assessment of Plans and Projects Significantly Affecting Natura 2000 Sites.

Articles 6(3) and (4) of the Directive, state the following;

6.3 ‘Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to Appropriate Assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site's conservation objectives... the competent national authorities shall agree to the plan or project only after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned….’

6.4 ‘If, in spite of a negative assessment of the implications for the site and in the absence of alternative solutions, a plan or project must nevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. of overriding public interest… the Member State shall take all compensatory measures necessary to ensure that the overall coherence of Natura 2000 is protected...’

The Screening exercise will be conducted in line with the recommendations and protocol set out in the Guidance from the EU Commission and DEHLG (2009, Rev Feb. 2010) Appropriate Assessment of Plans & Projects, Guidance for Planning Authorities. 1

The assessment is prepared in accordance with the following guidelines;

• Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland Guidance for Planning Authorities (DOEHLG 2009, rev 2010),

1 (a) European Communities, 2000. Managing Natura 2000 sites: The provisions of Article 6 of the ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC (b) European Communities, 2002. Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites: Methodological guidance in the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC. (c) European Communities, 2007. Guidance document on Article 6(4) of the ‘Habitat Directive’ 92/43/EEC. (d) DEHLG 2009 (Feb 2010). Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland – Guidance for Planning Authorities.

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• Waste Water Discharge Licensing- Appropriate Assessment , EPA , 2009, • Circular Letter L8/08: Water Services Investment and Rural Water Programmes – Protection of Natural Heritage and National Monuments, Water Services, September 2008, • Managing Natura 2000 Sites: the provisions of Article 6 of the ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (EC, 2000); • Assessment of Plans and Projects Significantly Affecting Natura 2000 Sites: Methodological guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (EC, 2002); • Guidance document on Article 6(4) of the 'Habitats Directive' 92/43/EEC – Clarification of the concepts of: alternative solutions, imperative reasons of overriding public interest, compensatory measures, overall coherence, opinion of the commission; (EC, 2007). • Guidelines on the information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements (EPA 2002), • Advice Notes on current practice in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements (EPA, 2003), • European Communities (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Amendment) Regulations, 1989 – 2001, • Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management Draft Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment (IEEM 2005), and • Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats. Version EUR 27. European Commission 2007. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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3 APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The Department of the Environment Heritage and Local Government guidelines (DELHG, 2009) outlines the European Commission’s methodological guidance (EC, 2002) promoting a four- stage process to complete the AA, and outlines the issues and tests at each stage. An important aspect of the process is that the outcome at each successive stage determines whether a further stage in the process is required.

The four stages are summarised diagrammatically in Figure 2.1. Stages 1-2 deal with the main requirements for assessment under Article 6(3). Stage 3 may be part of the Article 6(3) Assessment or may be a necessary precursor to Stage 4. Stage 4 is the main derogation step of Article 6(4).

Figure 2.1 Four Stages of Appropriate Assessment

3.1.1 Stage 1: Screening for Appropriate Assessment

Screening is the process that addresses and records the reasoning and conclusions in relation For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. to the first two tests of Article 6(3):

(i) whether a plan or project is directly connected to or necessary for the management of the site, and (ii) whether a plan or project, alone or in combination with other plans and projects, is likely to have significant effects on a Natura 2000 site in view of its conservation objectives.

If the effects are deemed to be significant, potentially significant, or uncertain, or if the screening process becomes overly complicated, then the process must proceed to Stage 2 (AA).

Screening should be undertaken without the inclusion of mitigation, unless potential impacts clearly can be avoided through the modification or redesign of the plan or project, in which case the screening process is repeated on the altered plan. The greatest level of evidence and

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EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:39 Kilbeggan Wastewater Discharge Licence Application - Appropriate Assessment justification will be needed in circumstances when the process ends at screening stage on grounds of no impact. This report fulfils the information necessary to enable the appropriate authority to screen the proposed development for the requirement to prepare an Appropriate

Assessment.

The structure of this assessment follows the methodology as recommended in the EPA guidance note: Waste Water Discharge Licensing – Appropriate Assessment (2009) using the following format:

Stage 1 – Screening

- Step 1: Management of the Site

- Step 2: Description of the Project or Plan

- Step 3: Characteristics of the Site

- Step 4: Assessment of Significance

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4 STAGE 1 - SCREENING

To determine whether an Appropriate Assessment is required, an initial screening assessment must be conducted. This stage identifies the likely impacts, if any, on the River Shannon Callows candidate Special Area of Conservation (cSAC) (site code: 000216) and the Middle Shannon Callows Special Protection Area (SPA) (site code: 004096) resulting from the Kilbeggan WWTP discharge. Other relevant significant plans and projects are also considered at this stage in order to assess any in combination affects on the Natura 2000 sites.

This stage of the assessment provides details of the Kilbeggan WWTP and associated discharge, the existing environment including surface and ground water quality and the characteristics of the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA. It follows the methodology proposed in the EPA guidance document “Waste Water Discharge Licensing – Appropriate Assessment”.

4.1 STEP 1 - MANAGEMENT OF THE SITE

The Kilbeggan wastewater discharge licence is not considered necessary to the successful management of the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA.

4.2 STEP 2 - PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

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4.3.1 Existing WWTP

The Kilbeggan Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) is located 1.5km south-west of Kilbeggan town approximately 32km east of Athlone (Refer to Figure 1.1). The plant was constructed to cater for a design loading from a population equivalent of 2,250 Population Equivalent (PE) in 1986, and is currently operating for a design loading from a population equivalent of approximately 2,895 PE. The plant receives wastewater from both domestic and industrial sources. The domestic effluent enters the works via two pipelines, the first from the town system and the second from Clara Road. A third pipeline conveys industrial effluent from the Exel Meat Plant located adjacent to the treatment plant.

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The WWTP is manned from 8 am to 4:30pm Monday to Friday and is manned for 3 hours on both Saturday and Sunday.

The WWTP consists of the following:

• The domestic effluent enters an inlet sump via two pipelines, the first from the town system and the second from Clara Road. From here it is pumped to the inlet works. A third pipeline conveys industrial effluent from the Dunbia (formerly Galtee) Meat Plant located adjacent to the treatment plant directly to the inlet works. • A screened emergency overflow pipeline is located in the inlet sump which directs flow to the River Brosna in the event of pump failure or high hydraulic loads. • Preliminary treatment works consist of an auger screen and a collection skip with an overflow back to the inlet sump. • A forward feed pump pumps the flow to the aeration tank. This sump has an unscreened emergency overflow to the River Brosna. • A 450m3 aeration tank. • A 160m3 final settlement tank which settles out the sludge by gravity and discharges it to the sludge pumping station. The clarified effluent flows into a flow monitor chamber where it is discharged to the River Brosna. • Outlet flow measurement consists of a magnetic flow meter, and a flow proportional composite sampler (which is currently unused). • The activated sludge pumping station discharges sludge to the picket fence thickener and For inspection purposes only. returns the RAS to the aerationConsent tank of copyright for further owner required treatment. for any other use.

• A picket fence thickener, and • A single belt sludge press which has recently been put back in operation.

Details of the site layout can be seen in Drawing MGW0058DG0007 in Appendix A.

The final effluent from the WWTP discharges to the River Brosna east of the plant (SW1). There are also a number of storm water and emergency overflows from the Kilbeggan Wastewater Works. Storm water overflow SW2 is located on the Kilbeggan collection network, at manhole C69. The outfall is located approximately 140m upstream of the treatment plant. SW3 is located on the inlet pumping station at the WWTP and overflows in the event of pump failure or high hydraulic loads. SW4 is located on the forward feed pump sump at the WWTP and overflows in the event of pump failure. SW5 is located at the Tullamore Road pumping station and overflows in the event of pump failure. Refer to Drawing No. MGW0058DG0009 in Appendix A for the locations of these discharge points.

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The capacity of the River Brosna to assimilate the discharge from the treatment works was calculated for BOD and SS based on the 95%ile flow in the river, and for orthophosphate based on the median flow in the river. See Table 4.1 below for details of the calculations.

Table 4.1 Waste Assimilative Capacity (WAC) of River Brosna

Receiving water flow used WAC Substance m3/s kg/day BOD 95%ile flow 0.83 73.50 SS 95%ile flow 0.83 364.18 Orthophosphate Median flow 3.09 2.67

These calculations are based on conservative allowable increases in the river of 1mg/l for BOD, 5mg/l for SS and 0.01 mg/l for phosphorous.

4.3.2 Proposed Upgrade of WWTP

A Preliminary Report was prepared in December 2006 which recommended an upgrade of the WWTP to a capacity of 7,850 PE in two phases. The Preliminary Report was approved by the DEHLG in May 2008 and Westmeath County Council has commenced the design of the Phase I upgrade of the WWTP to cater for a PE of 5,000 as well as the upgrade for the collection system in 2008. Part 8 Planning has been obtained for the upgrade and Contract Documents for the collection system upgrade and Phase I of the WWTP are currently nearing completion. It is hoped that construction of the WWTP For inspection upgrade purposes only. and the collection system upgrade will Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. commence in the near fututre, but will be subject to DEHLG approval and funding. A summary of the recommended works is set out in the Table 4.2 below.

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Table 4.2 Kilbeggan WWTP - Proposed Upgrade Works – Phase 1 Phase 1 Plant Component Short Tem Required Works 10 Year Window 5000 PE Required to replace existing New Inlet Pump, Sump & inverted siphon arrangement.

Rising Main Included in network development works Replace Electrics Renew Sump Covers, Ladders Existing Inlet Pump & etc…

Sump Automatic sampler Replace pumps to allow for a raised inlet facility New Screening Facility Screen, Rotary Drum Grease Removal Plant Grease removal Stormwater Management Screen Overflow Storm Tanks for 290 cu.m (6 DWF) Replace Pumps Upgrade Electrics Forward Feed Pump Sump Access, Ladders etc… (from screen) Removal of requirement by putting in raise screening facility Aeration Tanks & Access Point for aerator New increased size aerators (2 x Aerators maintenance 15 kW) Replace Scum Box Secondary Clarifier Rewiring Electrics Additional clarifier Outlet Automatic sampler Sludge Recycling/ Waste RAS/ WAS metering Additional pumping capacity Pumping Stations Picket Fence Thickener Replace M&E components Forward Feed Sludge N/A Replacement Pumps Full Replacement (7850 PE Polydosing system N/A capacity) Rehabilitation/ Replacement for Single Belt Sludge Press N/A For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other5000 use. PE capacity

DO meters Telemetry, Control & Inlet and Outlet Meters New SCADA system Scada RAS/ WAS metering Standby Power Supply Add ferric dosing plant for P Miscellaneous Technical Assistance removal Fencing, alarm system, paths, Siteworks safety concerns

The existing storm overflow SW2 will be made redundant as part of the contract for the upgrade of the collection system. The upgrade to the WWTP will remove the overflow at the inlet sump (SW3) and the forward feed pump sump (SW4). A storm water tank and overflow will be provided at the WWTP. The Tullamore Road pumping station (SW5) is due to be decommissioned once a proposed development on the Tullamore Road is completed.

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Tender documents are nearing completion for the design of the Phase I upgrade to the WWTP for a treatment capacity of 5,000PE. The Phase I Upgrade will be carried out in such a manner so that the WWTP can ultimately be upgraded (Phase II) to cater for a PE of 7,850. It is proposed that effluent from the upgraded WWTP will be discharged to the River Brosna. Table 4.3 shows a summary of the design data for the upgraded WWTP.

Waste assimilative capacity (WAC) calculations for the River Brosna have also been generated for Phase 1 upgrade of the WWTP and the results are presented in Table 4.3 below. The figures have been calculated based on compliance with the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009.

Table 4.3 Proposed Treatment Standards of Kilbeggan WWTP Upgrade Phase 1

Parameter Proposed Compliance Standard Required in Effluent Waste Maximum Surface Water Assimilative Permissible Capacity Level Effluent required to meet Concentration required Surface (mg/l) Water Standards (mg/l) 125mg/l COD 125 Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation, - 2001 2.2mg/l to achieve high status in line with the BOD 25 European Communities Environmental 65.34 Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 For inspection purposes only.0.090mg/l Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. to achieve high status in line with the Ammonia 1 European Communities Environmental 3.19 Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 15mg/l Nitrates 15 Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation, - 2001 0.025mg/l to achieve high status in line with the Orthophosphates 2 European Communities Environmental 2.37 Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 35mg/l Suspended Solids 35 Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation, 323.71 2001

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4.4 Existing Environment

Treated effluent from Kilbeggan WWTP is currently being discharged into the River Brosna. This River rises in Lough Owel north of Mullingar in County Westmeath and discharges to the Shannon close to Shannon Harbour, County Offaly. The majority of the length of this River has been designed as a Nutrient Sensitive Area under the Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulations 2001. This designation requires additional treatment of wastewater discharges involving the removal of Phosphorus and Nitrogen. While the river has not been designated as a Salmonid river it has good stocks of brown trout, and small runs of salmon are known to enter the river during the summer months.

4.4.1 EPA Water Quality Monitoring

The Environmental Protection Agency conducts an ongoing monitoring programme by which river water quality is assessed with respect to biological and physico-chemical criteria. All of the major rivers and their more important tributaries are included in the programme. One EPA Monitoring Station is located upstream and two are located downstream of the Kilbeggan WWTP (see Figure 4.1)

EPA Kilbeggan EPA EPA Monitoring WWTP Monitoring Monitoring Station Outlet Station Station 0400 0450 0500 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

100m u/s & d/s

Figure 4.1 Schematic Location Plan of Sampling Points and Relevant Discharges

The River Brosna is not listed in the Quality of Salmonid Waters Regulations 1998; however it is an established salmon-fishing river. Therefore the Quality of Salmonid Waters Regulations should be taken into account when assessing the impacts of the emissions from the WWTP.

Table 4.4 shows the EPA monitoring results for chemical water quality for the River Brosna in comparison with the Salmonid Water Quality standards. Monitoring station 0400 is upstream of the Primary discharge of the WWTP while the monitoring station 0450 and 0500 are downstream from the WWTP. The latest monitoring data available for Station 0400 is from the

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Table 4.4 EPA Monitoring Data for Receiving Waters (River Brosna)

BOD5 Total Ortho-P (mg/l) Ammonia (mg (mg/l) N/l) Monitoring Station 0400 1.3 0.34 0.16 Monitoring Station 0500 1.7 0.03 0.01 Standard required to achieve high status in 2.2 0.09 0.025 line with the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009

All of the chemical parameters analysed downstream of the existing WWTP discharge point are in compliance with the requirements of the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 in order to achieve high water quality status. However, levels of ammonia and orthophosphate are elevated above the required level of these regulations for the monitoring station upstream of the discharge point.

The biological rating of these monitoring stations was also recorded by the EPA. The most recent biological or Q-rating available for Station 0400 (upstream of the WWTP discharge point) is from 2005 and a rating of Q3 (moderately polluted) was recorded. Station 0450 (just downstream of the WWTP discharge point) had a Q rating of 3-4 (slightly polluted) in 2008 as did Station 0500 (further downstream). For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

Of note is the fact that the EPA monitoring station located further downstream at the point where the Brosna discharges to the Shannon had a Q-rating of 4 when tested in 2009 (Station No 1000).

4.4.2 Westmeath County Council Water Quality Monitoring

Ambient monitoring upstream and downstream of the primary discharge is also carried out by Westmeath County Council, and these results are detailed in Tables 4.5. Water quality monitoring carried out by Westmeath County Council upstream and downstream of Kilbeggan WWTP indicates that the River Brosna is relatively unpolluted in this region. Appendix B show the results of water quality monitoring carried out by Westmeath County Council from 2007- 2008. An average value for the main parameters tested are presented in Table 4.4 and compared to the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters)

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Regulations 2009. These results show that levels of BOD and Phosphorus are within the requirements of the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 for high water quality status. Levels of ammonia are slightly elevated both upstream and downstream of the WWTP discharge point when comparing them to the requirements for high water quality status.

Table 4.4 Water Quality – Receiving Waters (Westmeath County Council. 2007-2008)

BOD5 Total Ammonia (mg Ortho-P (mg/l) N/l) (mg/l) 100 meters u/s 1.2 0.2 0.015 100 meters d/s 1.325 0.2 0.023 Standard required to achieve 2.2 0.09 0.025 high status in line with the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009

Having regard to the Water Quality (Dangerous Substances) Regulations (2001), the only non- compliances are in relation to Boron, Selenium and Barium, recorded downstream of the WWTP on the 08/04/08.

Other than the non-compliances discussed above, the water quality of the River Brosna is relatively good and is in compliance with the requirements of the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 in achieving a high water quality standard. The exception to this are Forslightly inspection purposeselevated only. levels of ammonia both upstream and Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. downstream of the WWTP discharge point. The only non-compliances having regard to the Water Quality (Dangerous Substances) Regulations, are in relation to Boron, Selenium and Barium, recorded downstream of the WWTP on the 08/04/08.

There are no public water supplies or group water scheme abstraction points located downstream of the WWTP. Other than the non-compliances discussed above, the water quality is relatively of good to high quality.

4.4.3 The Shannon River Basin District

The River Brosna is situated in the Shannon River Basin District (RBD) and has been included in the Brosna River Catchment sub-basin water body. This sub-basin has been attributed a poor water quality status and a requirement in line with the Water Framework Directive to improve it

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EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:40 Kilbeggan Wastewater Discharge Licence Application - Appropriate Assessment to good status (Q3-4) by 2015. This classification does not necessarily reflect accurately the existing water quality in and around the WWTP discharge point and downstream of this point. The sub-basin is extensive in area covering the extent of Lough Ennell some distance upstream. The sub-basin includes an EPA monitoring point at Butlers Bridge, north of Lough Ennell which has recorded consistently low Q-ratings (polluted status) since 1971. As a result this has influenced the entire sub-basin attributing it a poor status.

4.4.4 Other Plans and Projects

In accordance with the EU guidance document on Appropriate Assessment, “Assessment of Plans and Projects Significantly Affecting Natura 2000 Sites”, other plans and projects in the area must be considered in addition to Kilbeggan WWTP discharge. This is required in order to identify any possible cumulative or in-combination impacts of the discharge with other plans or developments on the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA.

Taking into consideration the large area of the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA and the distance of the Kilbeggan discharge point from these designated sites (approximately 45km); the extent of other plans and projects has been limited to those that may have an effect on the River Brosna. These plans and projects are considered further in this respect in Table 4.5.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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Table 4.5 Potential In-Combination Effects of Other Plans and Projects

Name of Project or Plan Key Policies/Issues/Objectives Directly Related To The River Shannon Callows cSAC and Impact on the Brosna River Middle Shannon Callows SPA and in turn on the qualifying features of the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA.

Land Use Plans

Westmeath County Development Plan Water Quality and Groundwater Protection

P-EH1 It is the policy of the Council to support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive and the Shannon & Eastern District River Basin Management Plans for the County.

P-EH2 The Council will take steps to ensure the quality of surface and ground waters and will implement the overriding principle that ‘the polluter pays’ in respect of breaches of environmental laws.

Natural Heritage

O-EH2 To protect, manage and enhance the natural heritage, biodiversity, landscape and environment of County Westmeath in recognition of its importance as a non-renewable resource, unique identifier and character of the county and as a natural resource asset. Positive Impact O-EH3 It is a key objective to ensure as far as possible that development does not impact adversely on wildlife habitats and species. In the interests of sustainability, biodiversity should be conserved for the benefit of future generations. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

O-EH4 The “polluter pays” and the “precautionary principles” are integral components of planning policies for environment and heritage. If uncertainty exists regarding the potential impact of a proposed development full account will be taken of the precautionary principle and the proposed development will be resisted unless or until its effects are more clearly understood.

Special Protected Areas (SPA) and Special Areas of Conservation (SAC)

P-EH7 To protect and conserve wild bird species and their habitats, especially rare or vulnerable species and regularly occurring migratory species.

P-EH8 To protect and conserve proposed candidate Special Areas of Conservation.

P-EH9 To protect plant, animal, species and habitats which have been identified by the Habitats Directive, Birds Directive, Wildlife Act (1976) and (Amendment Act) 2000, and the Flora Protection

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Order S.I No. 94 of 1999.

P-EH10 To require appropriate environmental assessment such as EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) or ecological appraisal for developments not directly connected with or necessary to the management of a European site, or a proposed European Site and which are likely to have significant effects on the site individually or cumulatively.

P-EH11 To consult with appropriate prescribed bodies and Government agencies when assessing development proposals affecting designated sites of European importance.

Wetlands and Watercourses

P-EH22 The Council shall ensure that the County’s floodplains, wetlands and watercourses are retained for their biodiversity and flood protection values.

O-EH36 To consult Fisheries Board and the National Parks and Wildlife Service on any development proposal concerning riparian areas and watercourses and to take account of the requirements for the protection of fisheries habitat during construction and development works at river sites.

O-EH37 To maintain good ecological status of wetlands and watercourses in support of the provisions of the Water Framework Directive and Ramsar Convention.

Water Quality

P-EH55 The Council shall adhere to the implementation of provisions of the Shannon River Basin Management Plan to assist the process of achieving good water status for the river catchment and ensure that future development within this LCA will adhere to the principles of this plan.

Preservation of Habitat Value For inspection purposes only. P-EH56 The Council will ensureConsent that ofdeve copyrightlopment owner willrequired not for impact any other on use. the significant conservation value of this area. The Council will conserve and enhance the high nature conservation value of the area and seek to maintain the interconnectivity or eco-networks linking these sites such as small woods, wetlands and hedgerows.

Offaly County Development Plan Environment 2009-2015 P12-01 It is Council policy to comply with the provisions of the EU Water Framework Directive in order to fulfil obligations relating to water quality in the county and to implement the provisions of the River Basin Management Plans i.e. Eastern River Basin District, Shannon River Basin District and South East Positive Impact River Basin District. To this end, the Council will continue to co-operate with other statutory authorities / agencies and stakeholders in the preparation and implementation of existing water quality monitoring and management plans and also implementation of River Basin District Management Plans.

O12-01 It is an objective of the Council to protect and preserve the quality of surface water, ground water and drinking water in the county through the relevant legislative provisions.

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O12-03 It is an objective of the Council in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency to continue its programme of monitoring water quality in the county’s waterbodies to ensure that the objectives under the Water Framework Directive 2000 are met. O12-04 It is an objective of the Council to implement the relevant provisions of Water Pollution Legislation. O12-05 It is an objective of the Council to protect the county’s waters from pollution, particularly by over- enrichment by nutrients, especially nitrates and phosphorous.

O12-06 It is an objective of the Council to issue and monitor, where appropriate, effluent licences for discharges to sewers and waterbodies.

Natural Heritage

P15-01 It is Council policy to prohibit any development that would be harmful to or that would result in a significant deterioration of habitats and/or disturbance of species in a Special Protection Area (SPA), Special Area of Conservation (SCA) and candidate Special Area of Conservation (cSAC), Natural Heritage Area (NHA) and Proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA).

P15-02 It is Council policy to require any planning application that proposes development within or immediately adjacent to an area designated as illustrated on Map(s) 15.1 to be accompanied by an ecological impact assessment, assessing the impact of the proposal on these areas with conservation designations.

P15-03 It is Council policy to support and co-operate with statutory authorities and others in support of measures taken to manage proposed or designated sites in order to achieve their conservation objectives.

P15-04 It is Council policy to have regard to the views and guidance of the National Parks and Wildlife For inspection purposes only. Service of the Department of theConsent Environment, of copyright owner Heritage required and for any Local other use.Government in respect of proposed development where there is a possibility that such development may have an impact on sites with nature / conservation designations.

P15-11 It is Council policy to conserve, protect and enhance where possible wildlife habitats such as rivers, streams, canals, lakes, and associated wetlands including reed-beds and swamps, ponds, springs, bogs, fens, trees, woodlands and scrub, hedgerows and other boundary types such as stone walls and ditches which occur outside of designated areas providing a network of habitats and corridors essential for wildlife to flourish.

P15-18 It is Council policy to protect riparian corridors by reserving land along their banks for ecological corridors and maintain them free from inappropriate development, where appropriate, and to discourage culverting or realignment.

O15-01 It is an objective of the Council to ensure that any development proposal in the vicinity of, or affecting a designated site, provides sufficient information to show how its proposals will impact on the

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habitat of the site, and appropriate amelioration, and the Council will consult with the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government. O15-02 It is an objective of the Council to conserve and protect the natural heritage of the county and to conserve and protect European and National designated sites within the county including Special Protection Areas (SPAs), Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), candidate Special Areas of Conservation (cSACs), Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs), Proposed Natural Heritage Areas (pNHAs), Ramsar Sites, Statutory Nature Reserves, Biogenetic Reserves and Wildfowl Sanctuaries. O15-03 It is an objective of the Council to protect, conserve and enhance the county’s biodiversity and natural heritage and the principle of enhancement will be taken into account in the Development Control Process. It is a particular objective to protect plants, animal species and habitats which have been identified by the Habitats Directive, Birds Directive, Wildlife Act and the Flora Protection Order.

Kilbeggan Local Area Plan O-KB1 Residential development will only be permitted on up to 50% of the remaining undeveloped No Impact Residential zoned lands in the Kilbeggan Village Plan for the term of the County Development Plan 2008 – 2014.

O-KB3 To secure the physical improvement of land adjacent to the River Brosna and create a riverside walk through the centre of Kilbeggan for leisure purposes.

Water and Nature Conservation Management Plans and Pollution Reduction Programmes

NPWS Conservation A Conservation Management Plan for the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Positive Impact Management Plans Callows SPA has not yet been published by the NPWS.

Shannon RBD Management Plan The Shannon RBD Draft Management Plan issued in December, 2008 sets out a number of objectives and measures for all water bodies in the For Shannon inspection purposes Catchment. only. Positive Impact Objectives: Ensure that the statusConsent of ofwaters copyright supporti owner requiredng protected for any other areas use. is protected and (where necessary) improved by 2015. To maintain the Annex I habitats for which the SAC and SPA has been selected at favourable conservation status. Measures: Implement 11 EU Directives, 9 other basic requirements.

IPPC There is one IPPC facility (P0820-01) located directly downstream of the Kilbeggan WWTP discharge Potentially Negative Impact: If point. The facility has one surface water discharge point to the River Brosna for surface water run-off conditions of IPPC licence are and one discharge directly to the WWTP for process waste waters. not met.

A second IPPC licenced facility (P0781-02) is located south east of Kilbeggan and discharges treated No Impact: If conditions of wastewater to a tributary of the River Brosna. IPPC licence are met.

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Local Authority Discharge There are currently three other discharge licence applications with the EPA which discharge directly to Potentially Negative Impact: If the River Brosna and four certificate applications. In addition there are four other discharge licence conditions of discharge applications which discharge to tributaries of the River Brosna. licence are not met.

No Impact: If conditions of discharge licence are met.

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5 STEP 3 - CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NATURA 2000 SITES

The synopses for designated sites produced by NPWS are a source of information used when investigating important habitats or species likely to be found within areas that have been officially designated because of their conservation importance. Appendix C contains the site synopsis for the River Shannon Callows candidate Special Area of Conservation (cSAC) (site code: 000216) and the Middle Shannon Callows Special Protection Area (SPA) (site code: 004096).

The WWTP discharges treated effluent to the River Brosna which in turn discharges to the River Shannon some 45km downstream of Kilbeggan WWTP. The point at which the River Brosna discharges to the River Shannon has been designated the River Shannon Callows candidate Special Area of Conservation (cSAC) (site code: 000216) and the Middle Shannon Callows Special Protection Area (SPA) (site code: 004096) (also referred to as Natura 2000 sites).

Details of the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA are detailed in the following sections and include:

- Site Characteristics: a general overview of the designated sites,

- Qualifying Features: The Qualifying Features of a designated site include the Habitats listed in Annex I and the Species listed in Annex II of the Habitats Directive for which a cSAC

must be designated by member states. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

On the Natura 2000 Form prepared by the NPWS for each SAC site the ecological and species information is provided. For habitats, details of the percentage cover and representivity are provided. The percentage cover for each habitat is described and the degree of representivity gives a measure of 'how typical' a habitat type is. Representivity is ranked on a scale from A to D as follows; A - Excellent, B -Good, C – Significant and D - Non-significant.

For species, the population significance is based on the relative size or density of the population in the site with that of the national population. Population Significance is ranked on a scale from A to D as follows; A - 100>=p>15%, B - 15>=p>2%, C - 2>=p>0% and D - Non-significant population.

- Potential Threats and Impacts: The issues and practices that have the potential to interfere

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with or destroy qualifying features of that site, and

- Conservation Objectives: Once a site has been designated as an SAC or SPA, a management plan should be formulated for the site which sets out the conservation objectives for the site. Every effort should then be made to ensure that these objectives are fulfilled, in order to prevent potential impacts to the qualifying features of the site and maintain as far as possible their favourable conservation status.

5.1 River Shannon Callows cSAC – Site Characteristics

According to the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) sites synopsis, the River Shannon Callows is a long and diverse site which consists of seasonally flooded, semi-natural, lowland wet grassland, along and beside the river between the towns of Athlone and Portumna. It is approximately 50 km long and averages about 0.75 km wide (reaching 1.5 km wide in places). Along most of its length the site is bordered by raised bogs, esker ridges and limestone-bedrock hills. The River Shannon Callows is mainly composed of lowland wet grassland. It has the largest area of lowland semi-natural grassland and associated aquatic habitats in Ireland and one in which there is least disturbance of natural wetland processes.

Botanically, it is extremely diverse with two legally protected species of plants and many scarce species. In winter the site is internationally important for numbers and species of waterfowl. In spring it feeds large numbers of birds on migration and in summer it holds very large numbers of breeding waders, rare breeding birds For and inspection the purposes endangered only. Corncrake, as well as a very wide Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. variety of more common grassland and wetland birds. The presence of Otter, an Annex II species, adds further importance to the site.

5.2 River Shannon Callows cSAC – Qualifying Features and Potential Threats and Impacts

The qualifying features of the River Shannon Callows cSAC along with the main threats and impacts to these features are listed in Table 5.1 and Table 5.2.

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Table 5.1 Qualifying habitats of the River Shannon Callows cSAC and associated threats and impacts

Habitat Type (Annex I of the Habitat Main Threats and Impacts % Cover of Representativity Conservation Habitats Directive) Code Site Status Lowland hay meadows 6510 Mowing/cutting, restructuring of agricultural land holding, routes, landfill, (Alopecurus pratensis, drainage, modifying structures of inland watercourses, urbanised areas, 2 A Bad Sanguisorba officinalis) grazing 91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus Inappropriate grazing levels; invasive species; clearance for 1 B Bad excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion agriculture or felling for timber; increased development. incanae, Salicion albae) Molinia meadows on 6410 Drainage and burning, afforestation, invasive species, grazing; calcareous, peaty or clavey- dumping, fertilisation, restructuring agricultural land, communication 2 A Bad silt-laden soils (Molinion routes, cultivation, mowing/cutting, modification of inland water caeruleae) structures, sand and gravel extraction. 8240 Removal of limestone pavement, removal of scrub, dispersed habitation, stock feeding, agricultural improvement, quarry, disposal inert material, electricity lines, infilling wetlands, routes, abandonment of grazing, agricultural structure, burning, discharges, Limestone pavements 1 B Poor disposal household waste, dumping dredgings, forestry, grazing, improved access, landfill, nautical sports, paths and restructuring agric land holding.

Table 5.2 Qualifying species of the River Shannon Callows cSAC

For inspection purposes only. Species Type Species Code Main ThreatsConsent and of copyright Impacts owner required for any other use. Population Significance Use of pesticides, fertilization, hunting, trapping, poisoning, water pollution, infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, marshes or pits, management of aquatic C Otter (Lutra lutra) 1355 and bank vegetation for drainage purposes, removal of sediments, canalization of inland water course.

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5.3 River Shannon Callows cSAC – Conservation Objectives

In the absence of a NPWS Management Plan for the site, the following general conservation objectives are assumed for the River Shannon Callows cSAC. These are based on general conservation principles and existing management plans for similar cSAC’s in Ireland.

Objective 1: To maintain and where possible enhance the 4 no. Annex I habitats for which the cSAC has been designated under the Habitats Directive,

Objective 2: To maintain the 1 no. Annex II species for which the cSAC has been designated under the Habitats Directive,

Objective 3: To maintain the extent, species richness and biodiversity of the entire site, and

Objective 4: To initiate and maintain effective liaison between NPWS, relevant authorities, landowners and any other interested parties regarding conservation of the site.

Possible Strategies to Achieve Objectives

• Regulate and monitor where possible the activities as set out in Tables 5.1 and 5.2, • Initiate and maintain communication and consultation between all relevant stakeholders of the River Shannon Callows cSAC, and For inspection purposes only. • Maintain and monitor a favourableConsent of copyright water owner requiredquality for status.any other use.

5.4 Middle Shannon Callows SPA

According to the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) sites synopsis, the Shannon Callows has by far the largest area of lowland semi-natural grassland and associated aquatic habitats in Ireland and one in which there is least disturbance of natural wetland processes. Botanically, it is extremely diverse. In winter the site is internationally important for the total numbers of birds (regularly exceed 20,000) and for Whooper Swan in particular. It also holds nationally important populations of a further five species. Some of the wintering species are listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive, including Whooper Swan, Greenland White- fronted Goose and Golden Plover. In summer the site supports important populations of breeding waders. Perhaps the most important species which occurs in the site is Corncrake

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(the site holds 40% of the national total), as this is listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive and is Ireland’s only globally endangered species.

5.5 Middle Shannon Callows SPA – Qualifying Features and Population Significance

The qualifying features of the Middle Shannon Callows SPA along with their population significance are listed in Table 5.3.

Table 5.3 Qualifying species of the Middle Shannon Callows SPA and their population significance

1 Species Population significance Conservation Concern Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) International Amber List - Medium Greenland White -Fronted Goose Amber List - Medium Regional - Local (albifrons flavirostris) Amber List – Medium Golden Plover (Pluvialis National Red List – High (breeding apricaria) populations) Red List- High (breeding Corncrake (Crex crex) Global populations) Red List – High (wintering Bewick’s Swan (Cygnus bewickii) Regional - Local populations) Merlin (Falco columbarius) n/a Amber List - Medium Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) n/a Amber List - Medium Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) n/a Amber List - Medium 1 BoCCI List

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5.6 Middle Shannon Callows SPA – Conservation Objectives

In the absence of a NPWS Management Plan for the site, the following general conservation objectives are assumed for the Middle Shannon Callows SPA. These are based on general conservation principles and existing management plans for similar sites in Ireland.

Objective 1: To maintain the bird species of special conservation interest, for which this SPA has been listed, at favourable conservation status.

Objective 2: To maintain the extent, species richness and biodiversity of the entire site, and

Objective 3: To initiate and maintain effective liaison between NPWS, relevant authorities, landowners and any other interested parties regarding conservation of the site.

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6 STEP 4 - ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

This Step explores the requirement for further assessment. This is completed using two approaches:

• Screening Protocol in line with DEHLG Circular letter L8/08, and • Screening Matrix for Appropriate Assessment in line with EU Commission Guidance.

6.1.1 Screening Protocol in line with DEHLG Circular Letter L8/08

Below is a flow diagram for screening water services infrastructure projects. This diagram is taken from Appendix I of the Water Services Schemes, Natural Heritage Checklist (Circular L8/08, DEHLG). It is used to determine if the potential impacts of a water services project on a Natura 2000 site need to be fully assessed.

The answers to the questions in the flow chart are as follows;

Question 1 - Answer = No: The Kilbeggan WWTP and associated discharge point are not located within the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA. Question 2a – Answer = Yes: The Kilbeggan WWTP discharges to the River Brosna which in turn discharges 45 km downstream to the River Shannon (the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA). For inspection purposes only. Question 3 – Answer = Yes:Consent Some of copyright of the owner qualifying required for any otherhabitats use. and species of the River

Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA are water dependant. Question 5 – Answer = No: There is no WFD sub-basin management plan for either of the sites or there protected habitats/ species.

Conclusion: Assess Impacts The impacts for this project are assessed in Section 6.1.2.

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For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

Figure 6.1 Flow Diagram for Screening Water Services Infrastructure Projects: Kilbeggan WWTP Discharge Licence

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6.1.2 Screening Matrix for Appropriate Assessment in line with EU Commission Guidance

Having established that an assessment of impacts is required using the flow diagram for screening water services infrastructure projects a screening matrix is used to look in more detail at the potential impacts resulting from the WWTP discharge on the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA. This section follows the format of the Screening Matrix provided in Annex 2 of the following document;

“Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites- Methodology guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, European Commission, 2001”.

The findings of the screening matrix are summarised in Table 6.1 below.

Table 6.1 Stage 1 - Screening Matrix for Kilbeggan and Environs Discharge Licence Application

Describe the individual elements of the project (either alone or in combination with other plans or projects) likely to give rise to impacts on the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA.

- If the WWTP is not upgraded there is potential in the future for the existing WWTP at Kilbeggan to become overloaded and in combination with activities outside the boundary of the discharge licence agglomeration (septic tanks, agricultural activity, other discharges etc.) to increase nutrient levels in the receiving waters of the River Brosna which eventually discharges to the River Shannon (River Shannon Callows cSAC and Middle Shannon Callows SPA.) For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. - Potential in times of heavy rainfall for untreated stormwater to entre River Brosna and in combination with other similar discharges to increase nutrient levels in the river which eventually discharges to the River Shannon (River Shannon Callows cSAC and Middle Shannon Callows SPA.)

Describe any likely direct, indirect or secondary impacts of the project on the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA by virtue of:

- Size and Scale Given the overall size of the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA and their distance from Kilbeggan WWTP (approximately 45km) this application does not have a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the site in this regard.

- Land-Take There will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard.

- Distance from Natura 2000 site or key features of the site Kilbeggan WWTP discharge point is approximately 45km upstream of the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA.

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- Resource Requirements There will be no requirement for water or any other resources to be taken from the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA for the continued functioning of Kilbeggan WWTP and associated discharge. As a result there will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the site in this regard.

- Emissions

The water quality of the River Brosna at Kilbeggan WWTP discharge point meets the requirements of the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 for good water quality status. The point at which the Brosna meets the Shannon also had a Q rating of 4- (good) in 2009. As a result it is not likely that the discharge is having a negative impact on the qualifying features of the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA. To ensure that this trend continues the WWTP is being upgraded to cater for the current and future capacity. There will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard.

- Excavation Requirements No excavation is anticipated. As a result there will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard.

- Transportation Requirements There will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard.

- Duration of construction, operation, decommissioning There will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard.

Describe any likely changes to the site arising as a result of the following:

- Reduction of Habitat There will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard. For inspection purposes only. - Disturbance to Key Species Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

There will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard.

- Habitat or Species Fragmentation There will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard.

- Reduction in species density There will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard.

- Changes in key indicators of conservation value The water quality of the River Brosna, which discharges to the River Shannon can be considered a key indicator of conservation value for both the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA.

The water quality of the River Brosna at Kilbeggan WWTP discharge point meets the requirements of the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 for good water quality status. The point at which the Brosna meets the Shannon also had a Q rating of 4- (good) in 2009. As a result it is not likely that the discharge is having a negative impact on the key indicators of conservation value i.e. water quality, in this regard.

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There is potential in times of heavy rainfall for untreated stormwater to enter the River Brosna which in combination with other untreated stormwater eventually discharges to the River Shannon. However considering the distance upstream (approx. 45km) of the discharge point relative to the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA it is not considered that the discharge is having a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard.

- Climate change There will not be a significant impact (direct, indirect or secondary in nature) on the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA in this regard.

Describe any likely impacts on the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA site as a whole in terms of:

- Interference with key relationships that define the structure and function of the site

It is not likely that there will be any significant impacts resulting from Kilbeggan Wastewater Discharge Licence on any key relationships that define the structure and function of either the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA.

Provide Indicators of significance as a result of the identification of effects set out above in terms of:

- Loss No loss is expected.

- Fragmentation No fragmentation is expected.

- Disruption No disruption is expected.

- Disturbance No disturbance is expected.

- Change to key elements of the site The Q-biotic index level in the River Brosna For inspection will purposesbe us edonly. as an indicator of significance to monitor Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. water quality.

Describe from the above those elements of the project or plan, or combination of elements, where the above impacts are likely to be significant or where the scale or magnitude of impacts is not known.

The water quality of the River Brosna at Kilbeggan WWTP discharge point meets the requirements of the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 for good water quality status. The point at which the Brosna meets the Shannon also had a Q rating of 4- (good) in 2009. As a result it is not likely that the discharge is having a negative impact on the qualifying features of the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA. To ensure that this trend continues the WWTP is being upgraded to cater for the current and future capacity.

This is as a result of a combination of the following factors:

1. With the exception of slightly elevated levels of ammonia upstream and downstream of the WWTP discharge point, the water quality in the River Brosna at and downstream of the WWTP discharge point is currently in compliance with the requirements of the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 in achieving a high water quality standard. Q ratings downstream of the discharge point were Q3-4 (moderate status) when last tested in 2008.

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2. The proposed upgrade of the WWTP will ensure that levels of all nutrients will be within the limits required to ensure a continued high water quality standard. 3. The WWTP discharge point is approximately 45km upstream of the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA.

There may be potential, in times of heavy rainfall, for untreated stormwater to enter the River Brosna which in combination with other untreated stormwater discharges may have an impact on the water quality of the River. However again given the distance of the Kilbeggan WWTP discharge from the River Shannon, it is not likely that there will be any significant negative impact resulting.

The Stage 1 of the Appropriate Assessment process has concluded that no significant effects are likely on the qualifying features of the Shannon Callows cSAC and Middle Shannon Callows SPA resulting from Kilbeggan WWTP Discharge either alone or in combination with other plans and projects.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

MGW058RP00017 31 Rev. F01

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:40 Kilbeggan Wastewater Discharge Licence Application - Appropriate Assessment

7 SUMMARY AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The AA Screening Assessment has been completed for the Kilbeggan WWTP Discharge relative to the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA.

The following points should be noted:

• With the exception of slightly elevated levels of ammonia upstream and downstream of the WWTP discharge point, the water quality in the River Brosna at and downstream of the WWTP discharge point is currently in compliance with the requirements of the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 in achieving a high water quality standard. Q ratings downstream of the discharge point were Q3-4 (moderate status) when last tested in 2008.

• The proposed upgrade of the WWTP will ensure that levels of all nutrients will be within the limits required to ensure a continued high water quality standard.

• The WWTP discharge point is approximately 45km upstream of the River Shannon Callows cSAC and the Middle Shannon Callows SPA.

• There may be potential, in times of heavy rainfall, for untreated stormwater to enter the River Brosna which in combination with other untreated stormwater discharges For inspection purposes only. may have an impact on Consentthe water of copyright quality owner required of the for anyRiver. other use. However given the distance of

the Kilbeggan WWTP discharge from the River Shannon, it is not likely that there will be any significant negative impact resulting.

The water quality of the River Brosna at Kilbeggan WWTP discharge point meets the requirements of the European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 for good water quality status. The point at which the Brosna meets the Shannon also had a Q rating of 4- (good) in 2009. As a result the discharge is not having a negative impact on the qualifying features of the River Shannon Callows cSAC or the Middle Shannon Callows SPA either alone or in combination with other plans or projects. To ensure that this trend continues the WWTP is being upgraded to cater for the current and future capacity.

In order to ensure that that the current situation is maintained it is proposed to implement the following measures:

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- Monitor the water quality status on a monthly basis at the existing WWTP upstream and downstream of the discharge point - Prepare a management procedure for the operation of the WWTP during times of prolonged rainfall and prolonged power loss, and - During the upgrade works of the existing WWTP ensure the following measures are implemented:

• Good working practices, • Adequate site supervision and security, • Construction staff will be briefed to ensure that environmental issues are taken into consideration and that guidelines and codes of practice such as CIRIA C502 Environmental Good Practice on Site (www.ciria.org) are followed, • Development of working methods to protect areas of importance, • Programming to minimise environmental disturbance, • Supervision and control of deliveries and storage, • Pollution Prevention Control Measures, and • Emergency response plans.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

MGW058RP00017 33 Rev. F01

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41

Appendix A

Drawings

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41

Appendix B

Water Quality Testing – River Brosna

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41 TABLEF.1(i)(a): SURFACE/GROUNDWATERMONITORING (PrimaryDischargePoint–onetableperupstreamanddownstreamlocation) Discharge Point Code: aSW1u MONITORINGPOINTCODE: Upstream

Results(mg/lunlessotherwisespecified) Sampling method Limitof Analysismethod Parameter Standard (Note1) 30/01/07 27/03/07 30/05/07 18/07/07 (grab,drift Quantitation /technique etc.) pH (pH units) 7.40 7.75 7.73 7.60 ≥6and≤9* Grab Temperature(˚C) 6.5 8.5 12.5 16.5 25 Grab ElectricalConductivity 1,000 (@25 oC)(S/cm) SuspendedSolids ≤25* Ammonia(asN) 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.31 1* BiochemicalOxygen 0.5 0.8 1.4 1 ≤5* Grab Demand ChemicalOxygenDemand 40(A3) DissolvedOxygen(%sat’n >60% O2) Hardness(mg/lCaCo 3) N/A TotalNitrogen(asN) 1 Nitrite(asN) ≤0.05 Nitrate(asN) 50 TotalPhosphorus(asP) N/A Orthophosphate(asP) 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.5 Grab unfiltered For inspection purposes only. Sulphate(SO 4) Consent of copyright 200 owner required for any other use. Phenols(sum) Note2 (ug/l) 0.0005 Note1:SurfaceWaterRegulations1989A1unlessotherwisespecified *SalmonidWatersRegulations(1998) Note2:USEPAMethod604,AWWAStandardMethod6240,orequivalent.

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41 TABLEF.1(i)(a): SURFACE/GROUNDWATERMONITORING (PrimaryDischargePoint–onetableperupstreamanddownstreamlocation) Discharge Point Code: aSW1u MONITORINGPOINTCODE: Upstream (cont.)

Results(mg/lunlessotherwisespecified) Sampling Analysis method Limitof method/ Parameter Standard (Note1) 07/08/07 04/09/07 08/10/07 18/02/08 (grab,drift Quantitation technique etc.) pH (pH units) 7.47 7.60 7.65 7.81 ≥6and≤9* Grab Temperature( ˚C) 16.5 15.5 12.5 11.1 25 Grab ElectricalConductivity 1,000 (@25 oC)(S/cm) SuspendedSolids 4 ≤25* Grab Ammonia(asN) 0.29 0.15 0.08 0.32 1* BiochemicalOxygen Grab 1.3 0.7 0.7 ≤5* Demand ChemicalOxygenDemand 40(A3) DissolvedOxygen(%sat’n >60% O2) Hardness(mg/lCaCo 3) N/A TotalNitrogen(asN) 1 Nitrite(asN) ≤0.05 Nitrate(asN) 50 TotalPhosphorus(asP) N/A Orthophosphate(asP) Grab 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.5 unfiltered

Sulphate(SO 4) For inspection 200 purposes only. Phenols(sum) Note2 (ug/l) Consent of copyright owner required 0.0005 for any other use.

Note1:SurfaceWaterRegulations1989A1unlessotherwisespecified *SalmonidWatersRegulations(1998) Note2:USEPAMethod604,AWWAStandardMethod6240,orequivalent.

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41 TABLEF.1(i)(a): SURFACE/GROUNDWATERMONITORING (PrimaryDischargePoint–onetableperupstreamanddownstreamlocation) Discharge Point Code: aSW1u MONITORINGPOINTCODE: Upstream (cont.)

Results(mg/lunlessotherwisespecified) Sampling Analysis method Limitof method/ Parameter Standard (Note1) 26/03/08 28/04/08 (grab,drift Quantitation technique etc.) pH (pH units) 7.79 8.06 ≥6and≤9* Grab Temperature( ˚C) 10.3 11.5 25 Grab ElectricalConductivity 1,000 (@25 oC)(S/cm) SuspendedSolids 1 ≤25* Grab Ammonia(asN) 0.3 0.26 1* BiochemicalOxygen Grab 3 ≤5* Demand ChemicalOxygenDemand 40(A3) DissolvedOxygen(%sat’n >60% O2) Hardness(mg/lCaCo 3) N/A TotalNitrogen(asN) 1 Nitrite(asN) ≤0.05 Nitrate(asN) 50 TotalPhosphorus(asP) N/A Orthophosphate(asP) Grab 0.02 0.02 0.5 unfiltered

Sulphate(SO 4) For inspection 200 purposes only. Phenols(sum) Note2 (ug/l) Consent of copyright owner required 0.0005 for any other use.

Note1:SurfaceWaterRegulations1989A1unlessotherwisespecified *SalmonidWatersRegulations(1998) Note2:USEPAMethod604,AWWAStandardMethod6240,orequivalent.

F.1-3

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41 TABLEF.1(i)(b): SURFACE/GROUNDWATERMONITORING(DangerousSubstances) (PrimaryDischargePointonetableperupstreamanddownstreamlocation) Discharge Point Code: aSW1u MONITORINGPOINTCODE: Upstream Standard (Note1) Results (g/l) Sampling (g/lunlessotherwisespecified) Analysis method Limitof Parameter HardnessofWater method (grab, Quantitation measuredinmg/lCa /technique driftetc.) 01/11/05 CO 3 ≤100 >100 Atrazine <0.1 1.0 1.0 Grab Dichloromethane <1 10.0 10.0 Grab Simazine <0.1 1.0 1.0 Grab Toluene(mg/l) <1 10.0 10.0 Grab Tributyltin (Note2) 0.001 0.001 Xylenes(mg/l) <1 10.0 10.0 Grab Arsenic 0.4 25 25 Grab Chromium <0.02 5 30 Grab Copper <0.01 5 30 Grab Cyanide <3 10 10 Grab Fluoride 46 500 500 Grab Lead <0.1 5 10 Grab Nickel 1 8 50 Grab For inspection purposes only. Zinc Consent of copyright owner(Note3) required for any other use.100

Boron 2.0* Cadmium 0.005* Mercury 0.001* Selenium 0.01* Barium 0.10* Note1–WaterQuality(DangerousSubstances)Regulations,2001,unlessotherwisestated; *SurfaceWaterRegulations[1989] Note2–ThestandardforTributyltinshallapplyinrelationfotidalwatersonlyandshallbedeemedtobemetiftheresultsofmonitoringforbiologicaleffectsindicatenoreproductiveimpairmentingastropods. Note3–InthecaseofZinc,thestandardshallbe–

8g/lforwaterhardnesslessthanorequalto10mg/lCaCO 3

50g/lforwaterhardnessgreaterthan10mg/lCaCO 3andlessthanorequalto100mg/lCaCO 3

F.1-4

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41 TABLEF.1(i)(b): SURFACE/GROUNDWATERMONITORING (PrimaryDischargePoint–onetableperupstreamanddownstreamlocation) Discharge Point Code: aSW1d MONITORINGPOINTCODE: Downstream

Results(mg/lunlessotherwisespecified) Sampling Analysis method Limitof method/ Parameter Standard (Note1) 30/01/07 27/03/07 30/05/07 18/07/07 (grab,drift Quantitation technique etc.) pH (pH units) 7.47 7.70 7.65 7.48 ≥6and≤9* Grab Temperature(˚C) 6.5 8.5 13.5 16.0 25 Grab ElectricalConductivity 1,000 (@25 oC)(S/cm) SuspendedSolids ≤25* Ammonia(asN) 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.33 1* BiochemicalOxygen 0.6 2.4 1.4 1.1 ≤5* Grab Demand ChemicalOxygenDemand 40(A3) DissolvedOxygen(%sat’n >60% O2) Hardness(mg/lCaCo 3) N/A TotalNitrogen(asN) 1 Nitrite(asN) ≤0.05 Nitrate(asN) 50 TotalPhosphorus(asP) N/A Orthophosphate(asP) 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.027 0.5 Grab unfiltered For inspection purposes only. Sulphate(SO 4) Consent of copyright owner required for 200any other use. Phenols(sum) Note2 (g/l) 0.0005 Note1:SurfaceWaterRegulations1989A1unlessotherwisespecified *SalmonidWatersRegulations(1998) Note2:USEPAMethod604,AWWAStandardMethod6240,orequivalent.

F.1-5

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41 TABLEF.1(i)(b): SURFACE/GROUNDWATERMONITORING (PrimaryDischargePoint–onetableperupstreamanddownstreamlocation) Discharge Point Code: aSW1d MONITORINGPOINTCODE: Downstream (cont.) Results(mg/lunlessotherwise Sampling Analysis specified) method Limitof method/ Parameter Standard (Note1) (grab,drift Quantitation technique 07/08/07 04/09/07 08/10/07 18/02/08 etc.) pH (pH units) 7.56 7.6 7.65 7.77 ≥6and≤9* Grab Temperature(˚C) 16.5 15.5 12.5 10.6 25 Grab ElectricalConductivity 1,000 (@25 oC)(S/cm) SuspendedSolids 4 ≤25* Grab Ammonia(asN) 0.26 0.15 0.10 0.23 1* Grab BiochemicalOxygen 1.1 0.5 0.5 ≤5* Grab Demand ChemicalOxygenDemand 40(A3) DissolvedOxygen(% >60% sat’nO 2) Hardness(mg/lCaCo 3) N/A TotalNitrogen(asN) 1 Nitrite(asN) ≤0.05 Nitrate(asN) 50 TotalPhosphorus(asP) N/A Orthophosphate(asP) 0.023 0.030 0.007 0.080 0.5 Grab unfiltered For inspection purposes only. Sulphate(SO 4) Consent of copyright owner 200 required for any other use. Phenols(sum) Note2 (g/l) 0.0005 Note1:SurfaceWaterRegulations1989A1unlessotherwisespecified *SalmonidWatersRegulations(1998) Note2:USEPAMethod604,AWWAStandardMethod6240,orequivalent.

F.1-6

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41

TABLEF.1(i)(b): SURFACE/GROUNDWATERMONITORING (PrimaryDischargePoint–onetableperupstreamanddownstreamlocation) Discharge Point Code: aSW1d MONITORINGPOINTCODE: Downstream (cont.)

Results(mg/lunlessotherwisespecified) Sampling Analysis method Limitof method/ Parameter Standard (Note1) 26/03/08 28/04/08 (grab,drift Quantitation technique etc.) pH (pH units) 7.78 8.04 ≥6and≤9* Grab Temperature(˚C) 10.1 11.6 25 Grab ElectricalConductivity 1,000 (@25 oC)(S/cm) SuspendedSolids 1 ≤25* Grab Ammonia(asN) 0.23 0.27 1* Grab BiochemicalOxygen 3 ≤5* Grab Demand ChemicalOxygenDemand 40(A3) DissolvedOxygen(%sat’n >60% O2) Hardness(mg/lCaCo 3) N/A TotalNitrogen(asN) 1 Nitrite(asN) ≤0.05 Nitrate(asN) 50 TotalPhosphorus(asP) N/A Orthophosphate(asP) 0.020 0.030 0.5 Grab unfiltered For inspection purposes only. Sulphate(SO 4) Consent of copyright 200 owner required for any other use. Phenols(sum) Note2 (g/l) 0.0005 Note1:SurfaceWaterRegulations1989A1unlessotherwisespecified *SalmonidWatersRegulations(1998) Note2:USEPAMethod604,AWWAStandardMethod6240,orequivalent .

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:41

TABLEF.1(i)(b): SURFACE/GROUNDWATERMONITORING(DangerousSubstances) (PrimaryDischargePointonetableperupstreamanddownstreamlocation) Discharge Point Code: aSW1d MONITORINGPOINTCODE: Downstream Standard (Note1) Results (g/l) Sampling (g/lunlessotherwisespecified) Analysis method Limitof Parameter HardnessofWater method (grab, Quantitation measuredinmg/lCa /technique driftetc.) 01/11/05 08/04/08 CO 3 ≤100 >100 Atrazine <0.1 <0.01 1.0 1.0 Grab Dichloromethane <1 <1 10.0 10.0 Grab Simazine <0.1 <0.01 1.0 1.0 Grab Toluene(mg/l) <1 <1 10.0 10.0 Grab Tributyltin (Note2) 0.001 0.001 Grab Xylenes(mg/l) <1 <1 10.0 10.0 Grab Arsenic 0.5 1 25 25 Grab Chromium 0.02 <0.93 5 30 Grab Copper <0.01 3 5 30 Grab Cyanide <3 <5 10 10 Grab Fluoride 42 500 500 Grab For inspection purposes only. Lead <0.1 1 Consent of copyright owner required5 for any other use.10 Grab

Nickel <1 2 8 50 Grab Zinc 15.4 (Note3) 100 Grab Boron 243 2.0* Grab Cadmium <0.09 0.005* Grab Mercury <0.2 0.001* Grab Selenium 1 0.01* Grab Barium 23 0.10* Grab Note1–WaterQuality(DangerousSubstances)Regulations[2001],unlessotherwisestated; *SurfaceWaterRegulations[1989] Note2–ThestandardforTributyltinshallapplyinrelationtotidalwatersonlyandshallbedeemedtobemetiftheresultsofmonitoringforbiologicaleffectsindicatenoreproductiveimpairmentingastropods. Note3–InthecaseofZinc,thestandardshallbe– 8g/lforwaterhardnesslessthanorequalto10mg/lCaCO 3 50g/lforwaterhardnessgreaterthan10mg/lCaCO 3andlessthanorequalto100mg/lCaCO 3

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:42

Appendix C

NPWS – Site Synopsis

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:42 SITE SYNOPSIS

SITE NAME: MIDDLE SHANNON CALLOWS SPA

SITE CODE: 004096

The Middle Shannon Callows SPA is a long and diverse site which extends for approximately 50 km from the town of Athlone (at southern point of Lough Ree) to the town of Portumna (northern point of Lough Derg). The site averages about 0.75 km in width though in places is up to 1.5 km wide. Water levels on the site are greatly influenced by the very small fall between Athlone and Portumna and by the weir at Meelick. The Shannon Callows has a common boundary with two other sites of similar habitats, the River Suck Callows and the Little Brosna Callows, both of which are also Special Protection Areas.

The site has extensive areas of callow, or seasonally flooded, semi-natural, lowland wet grassland, along both sides of the river. The callows are mainly too soft for intensive farming but are used for hay or silage or for summer grazing. Other habitats of smaller area which occur alongside the river include lowland dry grassland, freshwater marshes, reedbeds and wet woodland. Along most of its length the site is bordered by raised bogs, now mostly exploited for peat, esker ridges and limestone- bedrock hills. The diversity of semi-natural habitats and the sheer size of the site attracts an excellent diversity of bird species and significant populations of several species.

The composition of the lowland wet grassland varies, depending on elevation and flooding patterns. Two habitats listed on Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive are well represented within the site – MoliniaFor inspection meadows purposes only. and lowland hay meadows. The Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. former is characterised by the presence of the Meadow Thistle ( Cirsium dissectum ) and Purple Moor-grass ( Molinia caerulea ), while typical species in the latter include Meadow Fescue ( Festuca pratensis ), Rough Meadow-grass ( Poa trivialis ), Downy Oat-grass ( Avenula pubescens ) and Common Sorrel ( Rumex acetosa ). In places these two habitats grade into one another.

Low-lying areas of the callows with more prolonged flooding are characterised by Floating Sweet-grass ( Glyceria fluitans ), Marsh Foxtail ( Alopecurus geniculatus ) and wetland herbs such as Yellow Cress ( Rorippa spp.), Water Forget-me-not ( Myosotis scorpioides ) and Common Spike-rush ( Eleocharis palustris ). Most of the callows, however, consist of a plant community characterised by Creeping Bent ( Agrostis stolonifera ), Brown Sedge ( Carex disticha ), Common Sedge ( Carex nigra ), and herbs such as Marsh Marigold ( Caltha palustris ) and Marsh Bedstraw ( Galium palustre ). Scarce plant species associated with the grassland include Meadow-rue ( Thalictrum flavum ), Summer Snowflake ( Leucojum aestivum ) and Marsh Stitchwort ( Stellaria palustris ).

The dry grassland areas, especially where they exist within hay meadows, are species- rich, and can contain many orchid species and such species as Cowslip ( Primula

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:42 veris ), Adder's-tongue Fern ( Ophioglossum vulgatum ) and Spring-sedge ( Carex caryophyllea ), as well as an unusually wide variety of grasses. In places along the edge of the callows there occurs wet broad-leaved woodland dominated by both Birch (Betula pubescens ) and Alder ( Alnus glutinosa ) and dry broad-leaved woodland dominated by Hazel ( Corylus avellana ). There are also areas of raised bog and fen on old cut-away bog with species such as Black Bog-rush ( Schoenus nigricans ).

Two legally-protected plant species (Flora (Protection) Order 1999) occur in the site: Opposite-leaved Pondweed ( Groenlandia densa ) in drainage ditches, and Meadow Barley ( Hordeum secalinum ) on dry alluvial grassland. The Red Data Book plant Green-winged Orchid ( Orchis morio ) is known from dry calcareous grasslands within the site, while the site also supports a healthy population of Marsh Pea ( Lathyrus palustris ).

The Middle Shannon Callows qualifies as a site of International Importance for wintering waterfowl both on the total numbers regularly exceeding 20,000 birds (for example 27,581 in winter 1998/99) and for the Whooper Swan population (287 – average peak count 1995/96-1999/00). Whooper Swan is listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. Five further species occur in numbers of national importance (all figures are average peaks for winters 1995/96-1999/00) - Mute Swan 349, Wigeon 2,972, Golden Plover (listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive) 4,254, Lapwing 11,578 and Black-tailed Godwit 388. For some of these species, peak counts in the period have been considerably higher than the averages, such as 1,096 Black-tailed Godwits and 23,839 Lapwings. The importance of the site for species like Black- tailed Godwit and Whimbrel may have been underestimated if count coverage missed the brief spring peaks for these species. A wide range of other species occur in numbers of regional or local importance, including Bewick’s Swan (listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive) 7, Teal 77, Tufted Duck 33, Dunlin 369, Curlew 129, Redshank 31 and Black-headed Gull 1,061. Small numbers of Greenland White- fronted Goose (listed on Annex I of For theinspection EU purposes Birds only. Directive) use the Shannon Callows Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. (average 21, peak 55) and these are generally associated with larger flocks which occur on the adjacent Little Brosna Callows and River Suck Callows. The callow grasslands provide optimum feeding grounds for these various species of waterfowl, while many of the birds also roost or rest within the site.

The site is also of national importance for breeding waterfowl. The total population of breeding waders (Lapwing, Redshank, Snipe and Curlew) on the Shannon and Little Brosna Callows in 1987 was one of three major concentrations in Ireland and Britain. Since then, however, numbers of at least Lapwing and Redshank have shown serious declines (a full survey of the callows is being carried out in 2002). For example, at a monitoring site at the callows at Shannon Harbour, numbers of Lapwing fell from 29 to 10 pairs and Redshank from 26 to 10 pairs between 1987 and 1994. Black-tailed Godwit, a very rare breeding species in Ireland, nests or attempts to nest in small numbers each year within the site. A further scarce breeding species, Shoveler, also nests in small numbers each year (an estimated 12 pairs in 1987).

The Shannon Callows continues to hold approximately 40% of the Irish population of Corncrake, a species of global conservation concern that is also listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. Between 1997 and 2001, the average number of calling birds

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:42 was 60, with a peak of 69. BirdWatch Ireland, in association with Dúchas and the RSPB, operate a grant scheme to encourage farming practices that favour the Corncrake and this has probably been responsible for the stabilisation of numbers in recent years. A related scarce species, the Quail, is also known to breed within the callow grasslands.

A good variety of other bird species are attracted to this site. Birds of prey, including scarce species such as Merlin (listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive) and wintering Hen Harrier (listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive), are regularly reported hunting over the callows. A range of passerine species associated with grassland and swamp vegetation breed, including Sedge Warbler, Grasshopper Warbler, Skylark and Reed Bunting. Kingfisher (listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive is also regularly seen within the site. Whinchat, an uncommon breeding species, occur in small numbers.

The wintering waterfowl within the Shannon Callows are difficult to monitor due to the size and inaccessibility of large parts of the site. In each winter there is usually one complete aerial census, as well as partial land-based counts. The population of Corncrake within the site is monitored each year and research is carried out on various aspects of the species’ ecology. The breeding waders are also surveyed at intervals. About 30 ha of the callows is a nature reserve owned by voluntary conservation bodies.

The Shannon Callows has by far the largest area of lowland semi-natural grassland and associated aquatic habitats in Ireland and one in which there is least disturbance of natural wetland processes. Botanically, it is extremely diverse. In winter the site is internationally important for the total numbers of birds (regularly exceed 20,000) and for Whooper Swan in particular. It also holds nationally important populations of a further five species. Some of the wintering species are listed on Annex I of the

EU Birds Directive, including Whooper For inspection Swan, purposes Greenland only. White-fronted Goose and Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Golden Plover. In summer the site supports important populations of breeding waders. Perhaps the most important species which occurs in the site is Corncrake (the site holds 40% of the national total), as this is listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive and is Ireland’s only globally endangered species.

20.6.2002

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:42 SITE SYNOPSIS

SITE NAME: RIVER SHANNON CALLOWS

SITE CODE: 000216

The River Shannon Callows is a long and diverse site which consists of seasonally flooded, semi-natural, lowland wet grassland, along and beside the river between the towns of Athlone and Portumna. It is approximately 50 km long and averages about 0.75 km wide (reaching 1.5 km wide in places). Along most of its length the site is bordered by raised bogs - many, but not all, in the process of large-scale harvesting - esker ridges and limestone-bedrock hills. The soils grade from silty-alluvial to peat. This site has a common boundary, and is closely associated, with two other sites of similar habitats, River Suck Callows and Little Brosna Callows.

The River Shannon Callows is mainly composed of lowland wet grassland. Different plant communities occur, depending on elevation, and therefore their flooding patterns. Two habitats listed on Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive are well represented within the site – Molinia meadows and lowland hay meadows. The former is characterised by the presence of the Meadow Thistle ( Cirsium dissectum ) and Purple Moor-grass ( Molinia caerulea ), while typical species in the latter include Meadow Fescue ( Festuca pratensis ), Rough Meadow-grass ( Poa trivialis ), Downy Oat-grass ( Avenula pubescens ), Common Knapweed ( Centaurea nigra ), Ribwort Plantain ( Plantago lanceolata ) and Common Sorrel ( Rumex acetosa ). In places these two habitats grade into one another.

Low-lying areas of the callows with more prolonged flooding are characterised by Floating Sweet-grass ( Glyceria fluitans ), Marsh Foxtail ( Alopecurus geniculatus ) and wetland herbs such as Yellow Cress ( Rorippa spp.), Water Forget-me-not ( Myosotis For inspection purposes only. scorpioides ) and Common Spike-rushConsent of copyright ( Eleocharis owner required for palustris any other use.). Most of the callows consist of a plant community characterised by Creeping Bent ( Agrostis stolonifera ), Brown Sedge ( Carex disticha ), Common Sedge ( Carex nigra ), and herbs such as Marsh Marigold ( Caltha palustris ) and Marsh Bedstraw ( Galium palustre ). While the more elevated and peaty areas are characterised by low-growing sedges, particularly Yellow Sedge ( Carex flava agg.) and Star Sedge ( Carex echinata ). All these communities are very diverse in their total number of plant species, and include the scarce species Meadow-rue ( Thalictrum flavum ), Summer Snowflake ( Leucojum aestivum ), and Marsh Stitchwort ( Stellaria palustris ).

Two further Annex I habitats, both listed with priority status, have a minor though important presence within the site. Alluvial forest occurs on a series of alluvial islands just below the ESB weir near Meelick. Several of the islands are dominated by well grown woodland of mainly Ash ( Fraxinus excelsior) and Willows ( Salix spp.). The islands are prone to regular flooding from the river.

At Clorhane, an area of limestone pavement represents the only known example in Co Offaly. It is predominantly colonised by mature hazel woodland, with areas of open limestone and calcareous grassland interspersed. The open limestone pavement comprises bare or moss covered rock or rock with a very thin calcareous soil cover

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:42 supporting a short grassy turf. The most notable plant in the grassy area is a substantial population of Green-winged Orchid ( Orchis morio) , which occurs with such species as Sweet Vernal-grass ( Anthoxanthum odoratum), Quaking Grass (Briza media ), sedges (Carex caryophyllea, C. flacca ), Common Bird’s-foot-trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra), and Narrow-leaved Plantain (Plantago lanceolata). Ferns associated with the cracks in the paving include Asplenium trichomanes, A. ruta-muraria, A. adiantum-nigrum, Polypodium australe. Bryophytes include Grimmia apocarpa and Orthotrichum cf. anomalum . Anthills are common within the open grassland. The Hazel wood is well-developed and has herbaceous species such as Primrose ( Primula vulgaris ), Common Dog-violet (Viola riviniana ), Wood Sorrel (Oxalis acetosella ) and Herb Robert ( Geranium robertianum ). The wood is noted for its luxuriant growth of epiphytic mosses and liverworts, with such species as Neckera crispa and Hylocomium brevirostre . Yew (Taxus baccata) occurs at one area.

Other habitats of smaller area but equal importance within the site are lowland dry grassland, drainage ditches, freshwater marshes and reedbeds. The dry grassland areas, especially where they exist within hay meadows, are species-rich, and of two main types: calcareous grassland on glacial material, and dry grassland on levees of river alluvium. The former can contain many Orchid species, Cowslip ( Primula veris ), abundant Adder's-tongue Fern ( Ophioglossum vulgatum ) and Spring-sedge (Carex caryophyllea ), and both contain an unusually wide variety of grasses, including False Oatgrass ( Arrhenatherum elatius ), Yellow Oatgrass ( Trisetum flavescens ), Meadow Foxtail ( Alopecurus pratense ), and Meadow Brome ( Bromus commutatus ). In places Summer Snowflake also occurs.

Good quality habitats on the edge of the callows included in the site are wet broad- leaved semi-natural woodland dominated by both Birch ( Betula pubescens ) and Alder (Alnus glutinosa ) and dry broad-leaved woodland dominated by Hazel ( Corylus avellana ). There are also areas of raised bog, fen on old cut-away bog with Black Bog-rush ( Schoenus nigricans ), and a 'petrifying stream' with associated species-rich For inspection purposes only. calcareous flush which supportsConsent Yellow of copyright Sedgeowner required ( Carex for any lepidocarpaother use. ), Blunt-flowered Rush ( Juncus subnodulosus ) and Stoneworts ( Chara spp.).

Two legally-protected plant species (Flora (Protection) Order 1999) occur in the site: Opposite-leaved Pondweed ( Groenlandia densa ) in drainage ditches, and Meadow Barley ( Hordeum secalinum ) on dry alluvial grassland. This is one of only two known inland sites for the Meadow Barley in Ireland. The Red Data Book plant Green- winged Orchid ( Orchis morio ) is known from dry calcareous grasslands within the site, while the site also supports a healthy population of Marsh Pea ( Lathyrus palustris ).

The site is of International Importance for wintering waterfowl as numbers regularly exceed the 20,000 threshold (mean of 34985 for 5 winters 1994/94-1998/99). Of particular note is an Internationally Important population of Whooper Swans (287). A further five species have populations of national importance (all figures are means for 5 winters 1995/96-1999/00): Mute Swan (349), Wigeon (2972), Golden Plover (4254), Lapwing (11578) and Black-tailed Godwit (388). Species which occur in numbers of regional or local importance include Bewick’s Swan, Tufted Duck, Dunlin, Curlew and Redshank. The population of Dunlin is notable as it is one of the few regular inland flocks in Ireland. Small flocks of Greenland White-fronted Goose

EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:31:42 use the Shannon Callows; these are generally associated with larger flocks which occur on the adjacent Little Brosna Callows and River Suck Callows.

Shoveler (an estimated 12 pairs in 1987) and Black-tailed Godwit (Icelandic race) (one or two pairs in 1987) breed within this site. These species are listed in the Red Data Book as being threatened in Ireland. The scarce bird Quail is also known to breed within the area. The Callows continues to hold over 40% of the Irish population of the globally endangered Corncrake, although numbers have declined in recent years. A total of 66 calling birds were recorded in 1999. The total population of breeding waders (Lapwing, Redshank, Snipe and Curlew) in 1987 was one of three major concentrations in Ireland and Britain. The breeding Redshank, numbers was estimated at 10% of the Irish population, making it Nationally significant. Also, the Annex I species Merlin and Hen Harrier are regularly reported hunting over the callows during the breeding season and in autumn and winter.

This site holds a population of Otter, a species listed on Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive, while the Irish Hare, which is listed in the Irish Red Data Book, is a common sight on the callows.

The Shannon Callows are used for summer dry-stock grazing (mostly cattle, with some sheep and a few horses), and permanent hay meadow. About 30 ha is a nature reserve owned by voluntary conservation bodies. The River Shannon is used increasingly for recreational purposes with coarse angling and boating accounting for much of the visitor numbers. Intermittent and scattered damage to the habitats has occurred due to over-deepening of drains and peat silt deposition, water-skiing, ploughing and neglect of hay meadow (or reversion to pasture). However, none of these can as of yet be said to be serious. Threats to the quality of the site may come from the siting of boating marinas in areas away from centres of population, fertilising of botanically-rich fields, the use of herbicides, reversion of hay meadow to pasture, neglect of pasture and hay meadow, disturbance of birds by boaters, anglers, birdwatchers and the general tourist. The maintenance of generally high water levels For inspection purposes only. in winter and spring benefitsConsent all aspects of copyright of owner the required flora for and any other fauna, use. but in this regard, summer flooding is a threat to breeding birds, and may cause neglect of farming.

The Shannon Callows has by far the largest area of lowland semi-natural grassland and associated aquatic habitats in Ireland and one in which there is least disturbance of natural wetland processes. Botanically, it is extremely diverse with two legally protected species of plants and many scarce species. Excellent examples of two habitats listed on Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive occur within the site – Molinia meadows and lowland hay meadows with good examples of a further two Annex habitats (both with priority status). In winter the site is internationally important for numbers and species of waterfowl. In spring it feeds large numbers of birds on migration. And in summer it holds very large numbers of breeding waders, rare breeding birds and the endangered Corncrake, as well as a very wide variety of more common grassland and wetland birds. The presence of Otter, an Annex II species, adds further importance to the site.

22.10.2003

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