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Peta Sumber Dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017 PETA SUMBER DAN BAHAYA GEMPA INDONESIA TAHUN 2017 Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perumahan dan Permukiman Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat PETA SUMBER DAN BAHAYA GEMPA INDONESIA TAHUN 2017 Disusun Oleh : Tim Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional EDITOR Prof. Ir. Masyhur Irsyam, MSE, Ph.D. Prof. Sri Widiyantoro, M.Sc, Ph.D. Dr. Danny Hilman Natawidjaja Dr. Irwan Meilano, ST, M.Sc. Ariska Rudyanto, S.Si,Dipl.Tsu, Msc. Dr. Sri Hidayati Dr. Wahyu Triyoso Dr. Nuraini Rahma Hanifa Dr. Didiek Djarwadi Ir. Lutfi Faizal Sunarjito, S.T., M.T. ISBN : 978-602-5489-01-3 Penerbit : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perumahan dan Permukiman Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Jalan Panyaungan Cileunyi Wetan Kabupaten Bandung 40393 Telp 022 7998393 Fax 022 7998392 Cetakan Pertama, September 2017 Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang Dilarang keras menerjemahkan, memfotocopy, atau memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit ii MENTERI PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PERUMAHAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA KATA SAMBUTAN Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh Puji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat-Nya sehingga Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Republik Indonesia dapat menerbitkan buku Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017. Penerbitan buku ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan bangsa dan negara Indonesia dalam memahami dan mengenal sumber-sumber karakteristik kegempaan serta dampak dan risiko yang akan ditimbulkannya. Gempa adalah salah satu fenomena alam yang tidak dapat kita hindari atau tidak dapat dicegah. Kemunculan peristiwa gempa sangatlah sulit untuk diprediksi secara akurat. Oleh karena itu, hal ini menempatkan gempa sebagai salah satu bencana terbesar di Indonesia karena risiko yang dapat ditimbulkan. Sebagaimana diketahui seluruh wilayah Indonesia berada pada kawasan Cincin Api Pasifik, yaitu suatu kawasan yang paling sering mengalami gempa. Oleh karena itu dapat dikatakan, Indonesia selalu berhadapan dengan ancaman goncangan akibat pergerakan lempeng tektonik. Goncangan ini setidaknya dapat terjadi hampir setiap hari dengan kekuatan sekitar magnitudo 5 atau 6. Kekuatan yang lebih tinggi di atas magnitudo 7 juga berpotensi muncul yang diprediksi yang setiap tahunnya dapat terjadi dua hingga tiga kali. Risiko bahaya yang ditimbulkan sungguh luar biasa, baik berdasarkan iii korban jiwa maupun kerusakan infrastruktur dan terganggunya lingkungan hidup. Hal ini dapat dirasakan ketika gempa yang terjadi di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya, Provinsi Aceh pada hari Rabu,7 Desember 2016, Pukul 05.03.36 WIB. Gempa dengan kekuatan magnitudo 6,5 menimbulkan korban jiwa 104 orang, 139 orang luka berat, 718 orang luka ringan, dan 43.529 orang harus mengungsi. Disamping itu, gempa tersebut telah mengakibatkan kerugian infratruktur yang sangat besar. Puluhan ribu rumah dan gedung mengalami kerusakan dan roboh, jalan dan jembatan rusak, dan terganggunya sinyal komunikasi sehingga menimbulkan pemadaman listrik. Menyadari begitu besarnya dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh peristiwa gempa sebagaimana yang terjadi di Pidie Jaya, pemerintah dan seluruh lapisan masyarakat dituntut untuk selalu waspada dengan melakukan berbagai tindakan pencegahan. Melalui “kesiapsiagaan” berbagai dampak atau risiko yang mungkin timbul dapat diminimalkan. Untuk itu, semua informasi sumber gempa, penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi untuk penanganan pencegahan, penelitian dan penyiapan standar pedoman manual mitigasi bencana harus disebarkan kepada seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Tersusunnya buku Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017 oleh Tim Pemutakhiran Peta Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017 dan Penyiapan Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional dapat dijadikan ukuran capaian kinerja dari para peneliti dan akademisi dari beberapa kementerian dan lembaga, serta para praktisi dan asosiasi, untuk kepentingan bangsa dalam mempersiapkan masyarakat Indonesia untuk mampu menyiapkan diri dalam menghadapi bencana gempa kelak. Data sumber kegempaan yang ada hingga saat ini dapat menjadi acuan dasar yang lengkap dan akurat, khususnya dalam menyusun pemutakhiran peta bahaya gempa 2017, sehingga proses penyiapan peta ini dapat berlangsung secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan. iv Saya berharap bahwa buku ini dapat disebarluaskan dan dipublikasikan kepada seluruh masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya untuk dijadikan acuan bagi para peneliti dan akademisi serta seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Terkait Peta Bahaya Gempa Indonesia 2017 diharapkan dapat dijadikan rujukan dan diterapkan dalam perencanaan dan perancangan infrastruktur tahan gempa di Indonesia. Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh. Jakarta, September 2017 MENTERI PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PERUMAHAN RAKYAT, Dr. Ir. M. Basuki Hadimoeljono, M. Sc. v vi KATA SAMBUTAN Puji syukur kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT karena atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya buku Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia tahun 2017 yang ditulis oleh tim yang dibentuk oleh Surat Keputusan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat No 364.1/KPTS/M/2016 di Bandung, tertanggal 10 Juni 2016 Tentang “Tim Pemutakhiran Peta Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2007 dan Penyiapan Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional” dapat terbit. Buku ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu sumber data dan informasi yang terkait dengan ilmu kegempaan. Selain itu, penerbitan buku ini diharapkan dapat menyadarkan seluruh masyarakat Indonesia dalam memahami bahwa wilayah Indonesia sangat rawan terhadap bahaya gempa. Peristiwa gempa tidak dapat dihindari dan diprediksi secara tepat kapan akan terjadi. Hal ini tentunya akan menimbulkan ancaman bagi seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Segala upaya untuk mengurangi risiko bahaya gempa perlu dilakukan dengan tindakan pencegahan sebagai tindakan preventif penanggulangan bencana. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan pemutakhiran Peta Hazard Gempa Indonesia 2010 yang dilakukan pada tahun 2017. Peta Bahaya Gempa Indonesia 2017 yang terdapat dalam buku ini dapat dijadikan acuan dan diterapkan untuk kepentingan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengendalian pembangunan infrastruktur, khususnya untuk mengurangi risiko bahaya gempa. Akhirnya, saya mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh tim penyusun yang terdiri dari para peneliti dan akademisi dari Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Kementerian Ristek dan Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Perhubungan, Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Badan Informasi Geospasial, Institut Teknologi Bandung, dan unsur asosiasi/praktisi, serta Geoscience Australia yang telah mendukung dan menyempatkan waktunya untuk menyelesaikan tugas yang telah diamanahkan kepada kita semua. vii Demikian, atas kerja sama yang telah dilaksanakan saya ucapkan terima kasih dan semoga Allah SWT selalu meridai setiap langkah kita dalam melaksanakan pembangunan . Kepala, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan, Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Dr. Ir. Danis H. Sumadilaga, M. Eng. Sc. viii KATA PENGANTAR Menindaklanjuti penugasan Bapak Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat tentang perlunya pemutakhiran Peta Bahaya Gempa 2010 yang digunakan sebagai standar perencanaan gedung dan infrastruktur tahan gempa Indonesia, maka Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perumahan dan Permukiman, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan, telah selesai melakukan menyusun Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017. Proses penyusunan Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017 saat ini berbeda dengan yang telah dilaksanakan sebelumnya. Proses pemutakhiran peta yang dilakukan saat ini telah memperhatikan rencana penyusunan yang terarah, terpadu, terkoordinasi, secara berkala dan berkelanjutan. Untuk itu, diperlukan Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional (PuSGeN) yang mewadahi kegiatan yang melibatkan para peneliti, para akademisi, dan para pakar/praktisi dengan fungsi memberikan informasi ilmiah kegempaan untuk mempersiapkan bangsa Indonesia dalam menghadapi bahaya dan risiko gempa. Adapun tugasnya adalah 1) meneliti dan mengembangkan, mendiseminasi serta mempromosikan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, perangkat-perangkat, dan praktik-praktik pengurangan risiko bencana gempa, 2) membangun sinergi antardisiplin ilmu dan kelembagaan yang terkait dengan gempa. PuSGeN beranggotakan tim penyusun dari Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Kementerian Riset Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Perhubungan, Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Badan Informasi Geospasial, Institut Teknologi Bandung, dan unsur asosiasi serta didukung oleh Geoscience Australia. Adapun pelaksanaan kegiatan Tim Pemuktahiran Peta Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017 dan Penyiapan Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional dibebankan kepada DIPA Kegiatan Pengembangan Kerja Sama di Pusat Litbang Perumahan dan Permukiman, Badan Litbang, Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Tahun Anggaran 2017. Hasil capaian kegiatan PuSGeN adalah tersusunnya “Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017” serta konsep “Organisasi dan Tata Laksana Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional”. Adapun jenis kegiatan yang dilaksanakan berupa rapat masing-masing kelompok ix kerja (pokja), rapat rutin semua ketua pokja setiap dua minggu, rapat konsinyasi masing- masing
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