DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology, Published Online on 9 May 2013 As Doi:10.1130/G34298.1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geology, Published Online on 9 May 2013 As Doi:10.1130/G34298.1 Geology, published online on 9 May 2013 as doi:10.1130/G34298.1 Geology Can turbidites be used to reconstruct a paleoearthquake record for the central Sumatran margin? Esther J. Sumner, Marina I. Siti, Lisa C. McNeill, Peter J. Talling, Timothy J. Henstock, Russell B. Wynn, Yusuf S. Djajadihardja and Haryadi Permana Geology published online 9 May 2013; doi: 10.1130/G34298.1 Email alerting services click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article Subscribe click www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ to subscribe to Geology Permission request click http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa to contact GSA Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. Notes Advance online articles have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet appeared in the paper journal (edited, typeset versions may be posted when available prior to final publication). Advance online articles are citable and establish publication priority; they are indexed by GeoRef from initial publication. Citations to Advance online articles must include the digital object identifier (DOIs) and date of initial publication. © Geological Society of America Geology, published online on 9 May 2013 as doi:10.1130/G34298.1 Can turbidites be used to reconstruct a paleoearthquake record for the central Sumatran margin? Esther J. Sumner1*, Marina I. Siti1, Lisa C. McNeill1, Peter J. Talling2, Timothy J. Henstock1, Russell B. Wynn2, Yusuf S. Djajadihardja3, and Haryadi Permana4 1Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO14 3ZH, UK 2National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO14 3ZH, UK 3Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jakarta, Indonesia 4Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesia Institute for Sciences, Bandung 40135, West Java, Indonesia ABSTRACT a good place to test this assumption, as it expe- Turbidite paleoseismology aims to use submarine gravity fl ow deposits (turbidites) as prox- rienced two very large earthquakes in 2004 ies for large earthquakes, a critical assumption being that large earthquakes generate turbid- (Mw 9.1) and 2005 (Mw 8.7) and has a good inde- ity currents synchronously over a wide area. We test whether all large earthquakes gener- pendent record of large magnitude earthquakes ate synchronous turbidites, and if not, investigate where large earthquakes fail to do this. over the past 200 yr (Figs. 1 and 2). The Sumatran margin has a well-characterized earthquake record spanning the past 200 yr, We examined sediment cores from the Suma- including the large-magnitude earthquakes in 2004 (Mw 9.1) and 2005 (Mw 8.7). Sediment tran margin to investigate whether recent major cores collected from the central Sumatran margin in 2009 reveal that surprisingly few turbi- earthquakes (in 2004 and 2005) and previous dites were emplaced in the past 100–150 yr, and those that were deposited are not widespread. earthquakes in 1797, 1861, 1907, and 1935 Importantly, slope basin deposits preserve no evidence of turbidites that correlate with the (Fig. 1) generated synchronous widespread tur- earthquakes in 2004 and 2005, although recent fl ow deposits are seen in the trench. Adja- bidites. We also consider: What predisposes dif- cent slope basins and adjacent pairs of slope basin and trench sites commonly have different ferent margins to being more or less suitable for sedimentary records, and cannot be correlated. These core sites from the central Sumatran turbidite paleoseismology (Table 2)? margin do not support the assumption that all large earthquakes generate the widespread synchronous turbidites necessary for reconstructing an accurate paleoearthquake record. Regional Setting The Sumatran margin results from subduc- INTRODUCTION Turbidites caused by earthquakes are inferred tion of the Indian-Australian plates beneath the Paleoseismic records that extend back beyond through evidence of synchronous triggering Sunda plate. The subduction zone is divided into historical records are essential for understanding of multiple turbidity currents over a wide geo- structural segments that commonly defi ne the and modeling subduction earthquake processes graphic area. Synchronous triggering is often earthquake rupture length and hence magnitude over multiple earthquake cycles. These records established by counting the number of turbidites (Fig. 1). Within the study area, the accretionary can lead to improved hazard assessment and before and after a channel confl uence (Table 1; prism comprises elongate trench-parallel slope help mitigate tragedies of the scale experienced Goldfi nger, 2011). Along the central Sumatran basins that are generally poorly connected. No around the Indian Ocean in 2004. Turbidites margin this test is not possible due to the lack canyons extend across the entire accretionary (deposits of submarine sediment gravity fl ows) of through-going channel systems. Instead, prism and most Sumatran terrestrial sediment is are increasingly being used worldwide to recon- synchronous triggering can be identifi ed by the trapped within the forearc basin (Fig. 1). struct records of major earthquakes on active presence of turbidites of similar age within mul- margins (Table DR1 in the GSA Data Reposi- tiple independent slope basins (Table 1; Gràcià METHODS tory1). Turbidite paleoseismology can provide et al., 2010), and between adjacent slope and greater spatial and temporal coverage than other trench locations. Coring Rationale paleoseismological methods, such as coseismi- Turbidite paleoseismology is underpinned by Piston cores and multicores were collected on cally submerged supratidal marsh records (e.g., the assumption that large earthquakes generate the RV Sonne in February 2009. To minimize Nelson et al., 1995) and uplifted or subsided widespread turbidites. The Sumatran margin is the risk of direct terrestrial input, cores were coastal corals (e.g., Zachariasen et al., 1999). To apply turbidite paleoseismology, it is nec- essary to be able to recognize turbidites caused TABLE 1. METHODS FOR RECOGNIZING EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED TURBIDITES by earthquakes rather than other triggers such How do you know if a turbidite records Comment as storms, river discharge, and slope failure due earthquake triggering? to sediment loading (Piper and Normark, 2009). 1. Confl uence test: Same number of turbidites on Number of turbidites can vary with height above Turbidites caused by storms and river discharge upstream and downstream sides of confl uence channel fl oor, as fl ow thickness is variable are, as much as possible, avoided by coring in indicates synchronous widespread triggering deep water away from direct terrestrial inputs. (Goldfi nger et al., 2003) 2. Synchronous deposition of turbidites in Uncertainties in dating “synchronous” turbidites multiple basins indicates widespread slope failure *E-mail: [email protected]. (e.g., this study; Gràcià et al., 2010) 1GSA Data Repository item 2013212, supplemen- 3. Turbidite volume is much larger than that Deposit volume rarely precisely known; fl ows may tal methods, Tables DR1–DR4 (locations and data), expected for other trigger mechanisms such as incorporate sediment river fl oods (e.g., Talling et al., 2007) and Figures DR1–DR4 (Pb profi les and seafl oor 4. Earthquake timing is independently known, as Need to date turbidite precisely, and/or core seafl oor bathymetery), is available online at www.geosociety observed, or through reliable historical records (e.g., soon after event; most reliable .org/pubs/ft2013.htm, or on request from editing@ 2004 and 2005; Sumatra earthquakes, this study) geosociety.org or Documents Secretary, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. Note: Only method 4 could also test whether some large earthquakes fail to produce a widespread turbidite. GEOLOGY, July 2013; v. 41; no. 7; p. 1–4; Data Repository item 2013212 | doi:10.1130/G34298.1 | Published online XX Month 2013 GEOLOGY© 2013 Geological | July Society2013 | ofwww.gsapubs.org America. For permission to copy, contact Copyright Permissions, GSA, or [email protected]. 1 Geology, published online on 9 May 2013 as doi:10.1130/G34298.1 96° E 98° E (normal and ungraded) as well as outsized grains 2004 2002 2002 and mud clasts. Mw 9.1 Mw 7.3 Simeulue B Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C 2004 Sumatra dating was used to date sediments containing Simeuluem 1907 suffi cient planktonic foraminifera (Globigeri- noides ruber and G. sacculifer) (Table DR3). 1861 6PC6 Nias Sediment age was also constrained using excess 4MC 5MC5 2005 210Pb, and sedimentation rates were calculated 2005 2MC MwMw87 8.7 1935 2° N using a constant sedimentation rate model (see 1PC 1907 1861 supplementary methods in the Data Repository, Mw 7.8 Mw~8.5 Trench Batu Is. and Table DR4). 1797 RESULTS 1000 Nias Simeulue Region 2000 The two slope basin cores (4MC, 5MC) con- 8PC tain no evidence for a turbidite associated with 3000 7MC the 2004 and 2005 earthquakes (Fig. 2). There Bathymetry 4000 are no turbidites in the past ~3000 yr within core 9MC 5MC. The uppermost 3 cm of 4MC comprises 5000 m 10PC hemipelagite: if the underlying turbidite were 1935 emplaced in 2004 or 2005 we would expect to 100 km Mw 7.7 0° see no hemipelagite above it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Time-Varying Interseismic Strain Rates and Similar Seismic Ruptures on the Niasesimeulue Patch of the Sunda Megathrust
    Quaternary Science Reviews 122 (2015) 258e281 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Time-varying interseismic strain rates and similar seismic ruptures on the NiaseSimeulue patch of the Sunda megathrust * Aron J. Meltzner a, b, , Kerry Sieh a, b, Hong-Wei Chiang a, c, Chung-Che Wu c, Louisa L.H. Tsang a, Chuan-Chou Shen c, Emma M. Hill a, Bambang W. Suwargadi d, Danny H. Natawidjaja d, Belle Philibosian b, e, Richard W. Briggs f a Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore b Tectonics Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA c High-precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC d Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bandung 40135, Indonesia e Equipe de Tectonique et Mecanique de la Lithosphere, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 75238 Paris, France f Geologic Hazards Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA article info abstract Article history: Fossil coral microatolls from fringing reefs above the great (MW 8.6) megathrust rupture of 2005 record Received 11 March 2015 uplift during the historically reported great earthquake of 1861. Such evidence spans nearly the entire Received in revised form 400-km strike length of the 2005 rupture, which was previously shown to be bounded by two persistent 22 May 2015 barriers to seismic rupture. Moreover, at sites where we have constrained the 1861 uplift amplitude, it is Accepted 4 June 2015 comparable to uplift in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Time-Varying Interseismic Strain Rates and Similar Seismic Ruptures on the Nias-Simeulue Patch of the Sunda Megathrust
    Quaternary Science Reviews 122 (2015) 258e281 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Time-varying interseismic strain rates and similar seismic ruptures on the NiaseSimeulue patch of the Sunda megathrust * Aron J. Meltzner a, b, , Kerry Sieh a, b, Hong-Wei Chiang a, c, Chung-Che Wu c, Louisa L.H. Tsang a, Chuan-Chou Shen c, Emma M. Hill a, Bambang W. Suwargadi d, Danny H. Natawidjaja d, Belle Philibosian b, e, Richard W. Briggs f a Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore b Tectonics Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA c High-precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC d Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bandung 40135, Indonesia e Equipe de Tectonique et Mecanique de la Lithosphere, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 75238 Paris, France f Geologic Hazards Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA article info abstract Article history: Fossil coral microatolls from fringing reefs above the great (MW 8.6) megathrust rupture of 2005 record Received 11 March 2015 uplift during the historically reported great earthquake of 1861. Such evidence spans nearly the entire Received in revised form 400-km strike length of the 2005 rupture, which was previously shown to be bounded by two persistent 22 May 2015 barriers to seismic rupture. Moreover, at sites where we have constrained the 1861 uplift amplitude, it is Accepted 4 June 2015 comparable to uplift in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Fujinoetal-Margeo-Simeulue.Pdf
    Marine Geology 357 (2014) 384–391 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/margeo Ambiguous correlation of precisely dated coral detritus with the tsunamis of 1861 and 1907 at Simeulue Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia Shigehiro Fujino a,⁎, Kerry Sieh b,1, Aron J. Meltzner b,1,EkoYuliantoc, Hong-Wei Chiang d,1 a Active Fault and Earthquake Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Site C7 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan b Tectonics Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA c Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia d High-precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC article info abstract Article history: Precise U–Th dates from coral detritus in two pre-2004 tsunami deposits on Simeulue Island in Aceh Province Received 7 March 2014 allow us to correlate the deposits with historically documented tsunamis in the recent few centuries, but because Received in revised form 19 September 2014 of potential discordance between the death dates of the corals and deposition of the sand layers, ambiguity in this Accepted 28 September 2014 correlation remains. Pits at coastal lowland sites exposed sand layers beneath the 2004 tsunami deposit at Available online 22 October 2014 Busung and Naibos on southern Simeulue Island. The layers share sedimentological characteristics with the de- Communicated by J.T. Wells posit of the 2004 tsunami, and are interpreted as pre-2004 tsunami deposits. Historical accounts document earth- quakes and tsunamis in 1907 and 1861 and suggest that the 1907 tsunami was larger locally than any others Keywords: historically.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Diverse Megathrust Fault Behavior Related to Seismic Supercycles, Mentawai Islands, Sumatra
    Characterization of Diverse Megathrust Fault Behavior Related to Seismic Supercycles, Mentawai Islands, Sumatra Thesis by Belle Philibosian In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2013 (Defended May 29th, 2013) ii 2013 Belle Philibosian All Rights Reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The pronoun “we” is used throughout this thesis rather than “I” as a reflection of the contributions of many people to my results. The published papers that have come and will come from my thesis always have a long list of co-authors. First and foremost I would like to thank my two advisors Kerry Sieh and Jean-Philippe Avouac for their vital insight, inspiration, and unwavering support. The other members of my thesis committee, Paul Asimow, Joann Stock, and Mark Simons have also provided a great deal of helpful guidance along the way. Danny Hilman Natawidjaja made vital contributions by providing the raw data from his previous work as well as assisting with field work and logistics. This project would not have been possible without the excellent field and logistics support from my Indonesian colleagues Mudrik R. Daryono, Bambang W. Suwargadi, Dudi Prayudi, and Imam Suprihanto, and all the crew members of the K.M. Andalas. All of the uranium-thorium dating was performed by Hong-Wei Chiang, Chung-Che Wu, and Ke (Coco) Lin under the guidance of Chuan-Chou “River” Shen at the HISPEC Laboratory at the National Taiwan University; thanks to all of them for taking time out of their own projects to process my samples and discuss the trials and tribulations of age- dating corals.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indian Ocean Tsunami: Economic Impact, Disaster Management and Lessons
    The Indian Ocean Tsunami: Economic Impact, Disaster Management and Lessons Prema-chandra Athukorala and Budy P. Resosudarmo Division of Economics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to document and analyze the immediate economic impact of the Indian Ocean tsunami generated by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 and the disaster management process in the immediate aftermath of the disaster with a focus on the two worst affected countries – Indonesia (Aceh province) and Sri Lanka. The 26 December Tsunami is unique among large disasters in recorded human history, not only because of the sheer number of causalities and massive displacement of people, but also because of the unprecedented international donor response and the logistic challenges faced by international organizations and aid agencies in organizing and coordinating relief efforts. Our preliminary findings points to the importance of educating the public about simple precautions in the event of a disaster and enforcement of coastal environmental regulations as disaster prevention policies. The findings also makes a strong case for designing policies and programs, as an integral part of national development strategy, for mitigating the impact of natural disasters on the poor and highlights the need for combining international aid commitments with innovative approaches to redressing problems of limited aid absorptive capacity in disaster affected countries. Key Words: tsunami, disaster management, Indonesia, Sri Lanka JEL Classification: I32, O53 Q54 Forthcoming in Asian Economic Papers 1 2 The Indian Ocean Tsunami: Economic Impact, Disaster Management and Lessons∗ Sociologist, psychologists, historians, and policy planners have all devoted considerable attention to the nature, sources, and consequences of disaster and recovery, but the professional economic literature is distressingly sparse.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Policies and Institutional Capacity for Early Warning and Disaster Management in Indonesia January 2007
    U.S. INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM (US IOTWS) PROGRAM REVIEW OF POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR EARLY WARNING AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA JANUARY 2007 January 2007 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by the IRG-Tetra Tech Joint Venture. U.S. INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM (US IOTWS) PROGRAM REVIEW OF POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR EARLY WARNING AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA (OCTOBER 1-13, 2006) JANUARY 2007 Prepared for U.S. Agency for International Development by IRG & Tetra Tech Joint Venture under Contract No. EPP-I-02-04-00024-00 U.S. IOTWS Program Document No.14-IOTWS-06 DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................................ 1 Preface ..................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 4 1. Policy and Legislative Environment for Disaster Management .................... 6 1.1 Legislative Environment .......................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Institutional Environment ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The 25 October 2010 Sumatra Tsunami Earthquake: Slip in a Slow Patch Susan L
    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 38, L14306, doi:10.1029/2011GL047864, 2011 The 25 October 2010 Sumatra tsunami earthquake: Slip in a slow patch Susan L. Bilek,1 E. Robert Engdahl,2 Heather R. DeShon,3 and Maya El Hariri1 Received 20 April 2011; revised 13 June 2011; accepted 15 June 2011; published 28 July 2011. [1] Various models for the generation of tsunami earthquakes and shallow afterslip [e.g., Hsu et al., 2006; earthquakes have been proposed, including shallow Konca et al., 2008] (Figure 1). Approximately 700 km north, earthquake slip through low strength materials. Because another tsunami earthquake may have occurred along these physical fault conditions would likely affect other Simeulue Island in 1907 [Kanamori et al., 2010]. earthquakes in the same rupture zone, source properties of [3] Given that models link shallow slip in weak near‐trench other events may provide a guide to locations of tsunami materials to tsunami earthquake occurrence, an important earthquakes. The 25 October 2010 Mw = 7.8 Mentawai question is whether these fault conditions also impact the tsunami earthquake and surrounding events provide a test rupture of other events in the same area. Our efforts here of this hypothesis. We determine slip patterns for the address this question by first defining the rupture area and mainshock and relocate aftershocks, with the majority source characteristics of the 2010 event as well as relocating occurring in the near trench region. The two largest aftershocks of the event. We then compare the rupture extent magnitude aftershocks occurred within the downdip end of to source parameters computed for other regional earthquakes the mainshock rupture area and have long moment‐ in order to assess the possibility of consistent slow behavior normalized rupture duration, likely related to fault zone along specific patches of the plate interface.
    [Show full text]
  • Tsunami Earthquake” Based on Macroseismic, Seismological, and Tsunami Observations, and Modeling
    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Reassessment of the 1907 Sumatra “Tsunami Earthquake” based on macroseismic, seismological, and tsunami observations, and modeling Martin, Stacey Servito; Li, Linlin; Okal, Emile A.; Morin, Julie; Tetteroo, Alexander E. G.; Switzer, Adam D.; Sieh, Kerry E. 2019 Martin, S. S., Li, L., Okal, E. A., Morin, J., Tetteroo, A. E. G., Switzer, A. D., & Sieh, K. E. (2019). Reassessment of the 1907 Sumatra “Tsunami Earthquake” based on macroseismic, seismological, and tsunami observations, and modeling. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 176(7), 2831‑2868. doi:10.1007/s00024‑019‑02134‑2 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/136833 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024‑019‑02134‑2 © 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. All rights reserved. This paper was published in Pure and Applied Geophysics and is made available with permission of Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Downloaded on 07 Oct 2021 21:17:42 SGT Please contact first author for final PDF 1 1 A reassessment of the 1907 Sumatra “tsunami earthquake” based on 2 macroseismic, seismological, and tsunami observations and modelling 3 4 Stacey Servito Martin1†, Linlin Li1, Emile Okal2, Julie Morin3, Alexander Tetteroo4, Adam 5 Switzer1,5, Kerry Sieh1 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 12 2 Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, U.S.A. 13 3 Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France 14 4 Institute for History, Leiden University, Netherlands 15 5Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 16 17 † Corresponding author: [email protected] 18 Please contact first author for final PDF 2 19 Abstract 20 On 4 January 1907 an earthquake occurred off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, with 21 an instrumental surface-wave magnitude (MS) in the range of 7.5 to 8.0 at periods of ~40s.
    [Show full text]
  • Peta Sumber Dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017
    PETA SUMBER DAN BAHAYA GEMPA INDONESIA TAHUN 2017 Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perumahan dan Permukiman Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat PETA SUMBER DAN BAHAYA GEMPA INDONESIA TAHUN 2017 Disusun Oleh : Tim Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional EDITOR Prof. Ir. Masyhur Irsyam, MSE, Ph.D. Prof. Sri Widiyantoro, M.Sc, Ph.D. Dr. Danny Hilman Natawidjaja Dr. Irwan Meilano, ST, M.Sc. Ariska Rudyanto, S.Si,Dipl.Tsu, Msc. Dr. Sri Hidayati Dr. Wahyu Triyoso Dr. Nuraini Rahma Hanifa Dr. Didiek Djarwadi Ir. Lutfi Faizal Sunarjito, S.T., M.T. ISBN : 978-602-5489-01-3 Penerbit : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perumahan dan Permukiman Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Jalan Panyaungan Cileunyi Wetan Kabupaten Bandung 40393 Telp 022 7998393 Fax 022 7998392 Cetakan Pertama, September 2017 Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang Dilarang keras menerjemahkan, memfotocopy, atau memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit ii MENTERI PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PERUMAHAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA KATA SAMBUTAN Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh Puji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat-Nya sehingga Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Republik Indonesia dapat menerbitkan buku Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017. Penerbitan buku ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan bangsa dan negara Indonesia dalam memahami dan mengenal sumber-sumber karakteristik kegempaan serta dampak dan risiko yang akan ditimbulkannya. Gempa adalah salah satu fenomena alam yang tidak dapat kita hindari atau tidak dapat dicegah. Kemunculan peristiwa gempa sangatlah sulit untuk diprediksi secara akurat. Oleh karena itu, hal ini menempatkan gempa sebagai salah satu bencana terbesar di Indonesia karena risiko yang dapat ditimbulkan.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.1.2 Overview of Tsunami Disaster in Indonesia
    Final Report 4.1.2 Overview of Tsunami Disaster in Indonesia Table 4.1.1 shows the tsunami incidents in Indonesia during 1960 -2006. Serious tsunami disasters in recent years include Flores (1992) with more than 1,950 dead, East Java (1994) with 240 dead, Biak (1996) with 107 dead, the Sumatra Earthquake and tsunami (2004) with about 300,000 dead, West Java (2006) with more than 668 dead. Coastal Areas of Indonesia have been attacked by tsunami at the frequency of once every year, and the potential of the tsunami hazards could be highest in the world. Table 4.1.1 Tsunami Cases in Indonesia During 1960-2006 MAX RUN-UP VICTIM No. YEAR EPICENTER AREA HEIGHT(m) (DIED/INJURED) 1 1961 8,2 Lat. S; 122Long.E NA 2/6 NTT, Central Flores 2 1964 5,8 Lat. N; 95,6 Long.E NA 110/479 Sumatra 3 1965 2,4 Lat. S; 126 Long.E NA 71 died Maluku, Seram, Sanana 4 1967 3,7 Lat. S; 119,3 Long.E NA 58/100 Tinambung South Sulawesi 5 1968 0,7 Lat. N; 119,7 Long.E 8/10 392 died Tambo Central Sulawesi 6 1969 3,1 Lat. S; 118,8 Long.E 10 64/97 MajeneSouth Sulawesi 7 1977 11,1 Lat. S; 118,5 Long.E 5-8 316 died NTB, Sumbawa Island 8 1977 8 Lat. S; 125,3 Long.E NA 2/25 NTT, Flores, Atauro Island 9 1979 8,4 Lat. S; 115,9 Long.E NA 27/200 NTB,Sumbawa,Bali,Lombok 10 1982 8,4 Lat.
    [Show full text]
  • M7.4 Simeulue, Indonesia Earthquake of 20 February 2008 Network
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXX U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prepared in cooperation with the Global Seismographic M7.4 Simeulue, Indonesia Earthquake of 20 February 2008 Network Tectonic Setting Epicentral Region 80° 90° 100° 110° 90° 92° 94° 96° 98° 100° 102° 20° 20° Phatthalung L A O S EXPLANATION Trang Mag ≥ 7.0 1934 Nicobar Is. Songkhla 0 - 69 km (India) Simeulue, Indonesia INDIA PLATE Pattani 70 - 299 1955 20 FebruSaraytu 2n008 8:08:32 UTC T H A I L A N D Yala 300 - 600 Kangar Narathiwat 2.778° N., 95.978° E. P h i l i p p i n e V I E T N A M Depth 35 km F a u l t Rupture Zones Alor Setar Kota Baharu B A Y O F C A M B O D I A Mw = 7.4 (USGS) 6° 6° B E N G A L 1941 Year of Earthquake 1983 An earthquake occurred 310 km (195 miles) SSE A N D A M A N 2005 Banda Aceh S E A Gulf of Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia, 310 km (195 10° of 10° 1936 miles) WSW Poifn aMngedan, Sumatra, Indonesia, 335 km Thailand S O U T H 2004 BURMA 1881 (210 miles) WNW of Sibolga, Sumatra, Indonesia, C H I N A N PLATE A 1545 (960 miles) NW of JAKARTA, Java. Earth- S E A W H 1941 A G S R I L A N K A L U 2004 A O 1917 quakes of this type sometimes cause tsunamis; P R T 1881 however, the USGS has no information than an SUNDA PLATE actual tsunami has been genIpeorhated.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Parameters Re-Determined from Historical Seismograms Of
    Başarır Baştürk et al. Earth, Planets and Space (2016) 68:158 DOI 10.1186/s40623-016-0528-8 FULL PAPER Open Access Seismic parameters re‑determined from historical seismograms of 1935‑Erdek– Marmara Island and 1963‑Çınarcık Earthquakes Nilay Başarır Baştürk1*, Nurcan Meral Özel1 and Marco Caciagli2 Abstract In this study, the original seismograms of the 1935-Erdek–Marmara Island and 1963-Çınarcık Earthquakes, recorded at local and regional distances, were vectorized. The epicentral locations have been calculated using available readings from original records and also ISS and seismic station bulletins for 04.01.1935-14:41 and 16:20 Marmara Island–Erdek Earthquakes and 18.09.1963-16:58 Çınarcık Earthquake. The epicenter determinations show that the first event in 04.01.1935 was located at 40.72N–27.72E, while the second one occurred at 40.61N–27.43E, indicating that both were located near the Marmara Island. Another finding is that the 1963 event was located at 40.80N–29.18E, near the Princes’ Island fault. Furthermore, moment tensor inversion method was applied on these earthquakes by using original seismograms, which provided an opportunity to illuminate the seismotectonic features of Marmara Region based on the retrieved fault mechanism solutions. For the first time, the fault mechanisms for 04.01.1935-14:41 and 16:20 Earthquakes were determined using moment tensor inversion from the original seismic waveforms. Likewise, the result obtained for the fault mechanism of 1963 Çınarcık Earthquake showed normal fault mechanism with much shallower depth than estimated before. Our preferred solutions showed that the fault mechanisms for the three events are normal faults and coincide with the seismotectonic structure of the Marmara Region.
    [Show full text]