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Morphological Diversity of Garra Rufa (Heckel, 1843) Populations in Iran

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Morphological Diversity of Garra Rufa (Heckel, 1843) Populations in Iran Iran. J. Ichthyol. (September 2015), 2(3): 148–154 Received: May 19, 2015 © 2015 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: August 23, 2015 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: http://www.ijichthyol.org Morphological diversity of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) populations in Iran Yazdan KEIVANY*, Ali NEZAMOLESLAMI, Salar DORAFSHAN Department of Natural Resources (Fisheries Division), Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. * Email: [email protected] Abstract: In this study 485 specimen of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) from 29 populations from six river systems and basins including Tigris, Karkheh, Karun, Persis (Helleh and Mond), Hormuz and Maharlu were collected by a 5mm mesh sized seine net, anesthetized in 1% clove oil solution, fixed in 10% formalin and transferred to the laboratory for further investigations. Some 28 morphometric, 25 morphometric proportion and 10 meristic traits were examined. Different mean comparison methods, parametric and non-parametric analyses were used for statistical analyses. In comparison of the six aforementioned basins, for the proportions, Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for all the other traits, but the ratios of dorsal fin base/SL and pectoral fin/SL, showed significant differences (P<0.05). Amongst the meristic traits, except the number of vertebrae, caudal fin rays and pharyngeal teeth, all other traits were significantly different. Based on the compared data, none of the populations could be distinguished from each other. Keywords: Cyprinidae, Meristics, Morphometrics, Morphology, Doctor fish. Introduction relationship for this fish in Iran. Durna et al., (2009) The doctor fish (sanglis or gelecheragh in Persian), studied the genetic diversity of this species in Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843), is found in the Tigris- Anatolia, Turkey. Patimar et al. (2010) examined the Euphrates, Ceyhan, Asi (Orontes), Quwayq and growth parameters of this fish from the Kangir River Jordan river basins and coastal drainages of the in Ilam. Abedi et al. (2011) examined the age in a eastern Mediterranean and is one of the commonest population in Armand Stream in Chaharmahal & species in catches of southwestern Iran (Coad 2015; Bakhtiari Province. Nezamoleslami et al. (2015) Froese & Pauly 2015). In Iran, it is found in the studied the karyotype of the fish in Semorom River, Tigris, Persis, Maharlu, Kor and Hormuz basins Iran. However, there is little detailed information on (Berg 1949; Bianco & Banarescu 1982; Coad 1998; the morphometric and meristic variation of G. ruffa Abdoli 2000; Keivany etArchive al. 2015). The wide populations of in SIDIran (Berg 1949; Abdoli 2000; Coad distribution in Southwest Asia and inadequate 2015; Keivany et al. 2015). The aim of this study was examination of variation may mask distinct taxa, to investigate the morphometric and meristic although this is not apparent in their morphometric diversity of this species in different basins of Iran. and meristic features (Coad 2015). Rahemo (1995) studied the age of this fish in the Materials and methods Tigris River, Iraq. Gozukara & Cavas (2004) studied Specimens of G. rufa were collected from different the karyology of G. rufa from the Eastern rivers of Tigris (border rivers connecting to Tigris Mediterranean river basins in Turkey. Yazdanpanah tributaries in Iraq), Karkheh, Karun, Persis, Hormuz (2005) studied the fish in Zanjiran spring in Fars. and Maharlu basins in summer 2010 (Table 1). The Esmaeili & Ebrahimi (2006) gave a length-weight specimens were caught by a 5mm mesh sized seine 148 www.SID.ir Keivany et al.-Morphological diversity of Garra rufa populations in Iran Table 1. Number, mean total length and weight of Garra rufa from different rivers and basins. Mean total length±Sd Mean Weight±Sd Basins Rivers Counts (mm) (g) Alvand 12 102.25±16.00 13.72±5.00 Chamgordalan 30 79.11±15.00 7.29±4.00 Doirej 26 70.36±10.16 3.99±1.80 Godarkhosh 7 55.37±18.00 2.63±2.80 Tigris Kangir 5 62.66±3.00 2.92±0.50 Little Zab 6 61.74±9.00 2.92±1.00 Mimeh 31 79.63±9.69 5.45±1.90 Sirvan 16 69.31±6.00 3.90±1.10 Zimakan 14 60.15±14.91 2.72±1.59 Chaghalvandi 24 87.89±29.69 11.84±9.65 Chardavol 7 43.07±35.10 2.92±4.00 Karkheh Gamasiab 10 68.59±19.83 4.73±4.09 Kakareza 58 89.78±15.78 9.86±5.35 Kashkan 17 117.82±32.74 22.25±15.40 Saymareh 5 82.31±43.65 12.24±19.47 Beshar 33 79.74±20.74 6.80±4.66 Karun Karun 10 106.69±18.00 15.44±6.93 Katola 4 72.45±22.00 5.14±4.00 Marbor 15 80.98±21.77 7.53±7.44 Ahram 9 71.36±12.25 4.83±3.03 Bahoosh 8 66.90±4.65 3.77±0.80 Darolmizan 11 49.22±10.64 1.55±0.81 Persis Karzin 16 31.72±7.91 00.41±0.44 Mond 17 74.07±10.96 4.55±2.53 Safid 5 60.73±19.48 2.86±2.00 Shahpour 4 78.60±19.82 5.20±3.00 Sheldan 33 49.05±5.96 1.30±0.53 Hormuz Axe Rostam 19 54.57±12.00 2.00±1.00 Maharloo Pirbanoo 5 59.36±3.00 2.89±0.55 Total 485 net, anesthetized in 1% clove oil solution, fixed in orbital length to head length and dorsal fin height to 10% formalin and transferred to laboratory for head length were calculated. Ten meristic characters further examination. Twenty-eight morphometric including branched and unbranched dorsal fin ray, characters were measured including, standard length, pectoral fin ray, pelvic fin ray, branched and body depth, body width, head length, snout length, unbranched anal fin ray and caudal fin ray numbers, eye diameter, interorbital width, post orbital length, lateral line scales, scale above the lateral line, scale predorsal length, prepelvic Archivelength, preanal length, below of the lateral SID line, predorsal scales, keel scales, dorsal fin height, dorsal fin base, pectoral fin base, pharyngeal teeth numbers and total vertebrae, on the pelvic fin base, anal fin base, pelvic fin length, left side whenever possible, were counted. Counts pectoral fin length, caudal peduncle length and and measurements were done under a caudal peduncle depth and 25 ratios including head stereomicroscope. Measurements were performed to length to standard length, body depth to standard the nearest 0.01mm. length, pectoral fin length to standard length, pelvic The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was fin length to standard length, caudal peduncle depth used to compare males and females for morphometric to standard length, predorsal length to standard characters after testing for heterogeneity. The non- length, snout length to head length, eye diameter to parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare head length, interorbital width to head length, post different meristic characters among basins. These 149 www.SID.ir Iranian Journal of Ichthyology (September 2015), 2(3): 148-154 Table 2. The 25 mean calculated ratios for Garra rufa from different basins. Tigris Karkheh Karun Persis Hormuz Maharlu Ratio Mean±Sd Mean±Sd Mean±Sd Mean±Sd Mean±Sd Mean±Sd SL/FL 0.90±0.01 0.89±0.02 0.90±0.02 0.89±0.01 0.88±0.06 0.89±0.02 SL/TL 0.83±0.02 0.84±0.02 0.84±0.02 0.81±0.02 0.81±0.06 0.85±0.01 Body depth/caudal peduncle depth 1.78±0.02 1.70±0.12 1.82±0.14 1.85±0.16 1.70±0.19 1.90±0.07 Body depth/SL 0.20±0.02 0.21±0.02 0.21±0.02 0.21±0.02 0.20±0.03 0.23±0.01 Head L/SL 0.23±0.01 0.23±0.01 0.22±0.01 0.25±0.01 0.25±0.02 0.24±0.01 Snout L/Head L 0.45±0.04 0.48±0.05 0.47±0.05 0.41±0.04 0.42±0.03 0.43±0.02 Orbital diameter/Head L 0.23±0.02 0.22±0.02 0.21±0.02 0.26±0.03 0.24±0.02 0.23±0.02 Barbel 1 L/Head L 0.16±0.03 0.15±0.03 0.15±0.02 0.19±0.03 0.15±0.02 0.18±0.02 Barbel 2 L/Head L 0.11±0.03 0.01±0.03 0.10±0.02 0.14±0.02 0.11±0.02 0.17±0.02 Disk width/ Head Width 0.43±0.04 0.42±0.05 0.43±0.03 0.44±0.05 0.42±0.05 0.39±0.02 Disk L/ Head Width 0.41±0.04 0.40±0.05 0.42±0.06 0.37±0.03 0.38±0.03 0.34±0.03 Postorbital L/Head L 0.41±0.03 0.40±0.03 0.41±0.02 0.43±0.03 0.44±0.06 0.44±0.02 Postorbital L/Head width 0.59±0.04 0.61±0.04 0.58±0.03 0.61±0.04 0.64±0.04 0.63±0.03 Caudal peduncle L/SL 0.16±0.01 0.17±0.01 0.17±0.01 0.17±0.02 0.18±0.02 0.15±0.01 Caudal peduncle depth/SL 0.01±0.01 0.18±0.01 0.11±0.01 0.11±0.08 0.11±0.01 0.12±0.00 Predorsal L/SL 0.46±0.02 0.46±0.04 0.46±0.01 0.48±0.01 0.44±0.11 0.43±0.07 Caudal peduncle depth/Caudal 0.64±0.17 0.70±0.09 0.69±0.11 0.69±0.01 0.64±0.06 0.75±0.03 peduncle L Preanal L/Sl 0.75±0.02 0.74±0.02 0.74±0.02 0.74±0.02 0.75±0.08 0.73±0.02 Dorsal fin base/SL 0.17±0.02 0.17±0.01 0.17±0.01 0.17±0.01 0.17±0.03 0.14±0.03 Dorsal ray/Body depth 0.10±0.14 1.03±0.01 1.03±0.01 1.10±0.12 1.10±0.12 0.90±0.08 Predorsal L/preanal L 0.62±0.02 0.62±0.05 0.61±0.02 0.65±0.02 0.59±0.14 0.59±0.08 Dorsal ray/SL 0.22±0.02 0.22±0.01 0.20±0.02 0.24±0.01 0.24±0.03 0.20±0.02 Pelvic fin L/SL 0.18±0.01 0.18±0.01 0.18±0.01 0.18±0.01 0.18±0.02 0.18±0.07 Pectoral fin L/SL 0.22±0.01 0.21±0.02 0.21±0.02 0.22±0.01 0.22±0.02 0.21±0.01 Pectoral-Pelvic distance/preanal L 0.35±0.02 0.34±0.03 0.34±0.03 0.35±0.03 0.36±0.01 0.35±0.01 analyses were carried out using Excel 2010 and SPSS 5.51cm (5.08±3.31) for Maharlu basins (Table 1).
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