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De Civiele Aspecten Van De Militaire Gemeenschap in Romeins Britannia

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De Civiele Aspecten Van De Militaire Gemeenschap in Romeins Britannia FACULTEIT LETTEREN EN WIJSBEGEERTE De civiele aspecten van de militaire gemeenschap in Romeins Britannia Ruben Verstraete Masterproef tot het behalen van de graad Master in de Geschiedenis Promotor: prof. dr. Koenraad Verboven Academiejaar 2010-2011 FACULTEIT LETTEREN EN WIJSBEGEERTE De civiele aspecten van de militaire gemeenschap in Romeins Britannia Ruben Verstraete Masterproef tot het behalen van de graad Master in de Geschiedenis Promotor: prof. dr. Koenraad Verboven Academiejaar 2010-2011 Verklaring in verband met de toegankelijkheid van de scriptie Ondergetekende, ………………………………………………………………………………... afgestudeerd Master in de Geschiedenis aan Universiteit Gent in het academiejaar 2010-2011 en auteur van de scriptie met als titel: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… verklaart hierbij dat zij/hij geopteerd heeft voor de hierna aangestipte mogelijkheid in verband met de consultatie van haar/zijn scriptie: 0 - de scriptie mag steeds ter beschikking worden gesteld van elke aanvrager; 0 - de scriptie mag enkel ter beschikking worden gesteld met uitdrukkelijke, schriftelijke goedkeuring van de auteur (maximumduur van deze beperking: 10 jaar); 0 - de scriptie mag ter beschikking worden gesteld van een aanvrager na een wachttijd van … . jaar (maximum 10 jaar); 0 - de scriptie mag nooit ter beschikking worden gesteld van een aanvrager (maximumduur van het verbod: 10 jaar). Elke gebruiker is te allen tijde verplicht om, wanneer van deze scriptie gebruik wordt gemaakt in het kader van wetenschappelijke en andere publicaties, een correcte en volledige bronverwijzing in de tekst op te nemen. Gent, ………………………………………(datum) ………………………………………( handtekening) Universiteit Gent Examencommissie Geschiedenis Academiejaar 2010-2011 ii Woord vooraf Deze masterproef vormt het sluitstuk op mijn opleiding in de Geschiedenis. Mijn liefde voor de geschiedenis van jongs af aan maakte mijn keuze voor deze universitaire opleiding gemakkelijk. Mijn kennismaking met de Grieks-Romeinse cultuur in de lessen Latijn en mijn bezoeken aan de ruïnes en de musea van de Mediterrane wereld dreven mij naar de studie van de Klassieke Oudheid. Hierbij ontwikkelde ik een interesse in de interactie tussen de Romeinen en de bedwongen bevolkingsgroepen in de Keltische provincies van het Romeinse Rijk. Voor het vak Historische Praktijk 2 nam ik het Iberische schiereiland onder de loep, mijn bachelorproef handelde over de grote steden van Gallia Narbonensis en ten slotte richt ik mij in mijn masterproef op de militaire gemeenschap in Britannia. Ik zou mijn promotor prof. dr. Verboven willen bedanken voor zijn toegewijde begeleiding, zowel bij het schrijven van mijn masterproef als in de voorgaande jaren. Ook wil ik mijn moeder bedanken om mij altijd gestimuleerd te hebben in mijn studies. Ten slotte wil ik nog mijn vriendin Sophany en opnieuw mijn moeder bedanken voor het nalezen en verbeteren van mijn masterproef. Ik heb dit onderzoek met veel plezier gevoerd en hoop dat het ook mijn lezer mag bekoren. Ruben Verstraete Gent, januari 2011 iii Inhoud Woord vooraf ...................................................................................................................................... iii Deel I: Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1 Opzet ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Bronnenbespreking ..................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Primaire Bronnen ................................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1 Literaire bronnen ......................................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 Inscripties .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Archeologische Bronnen ................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Secundaire Literatuur ........................................................................................................ 11 3 Theoretisch kader ...................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Community ........................................................................................................................ 13 3.2 Definitie stad ..................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Romanisatie ....................................................................................................................... 17 Deel II: Hoofdtekst ................................................................................................................................. 21 4 Beknopte geschiedenis .............................................................................................................. 21 4.1 Situatie aan de vooravond van de inval ............................................................................ 21 4.2 De veroveringsfases........................................................................................................... 24 4.3 Het bestuur van de provincie ............................................................................................ 35 5 De militaire nederzettingspatronen .......................................................................................... 41 5.1 De opbouw van de forten .................................................................................................. 41 5.1.1 De spreiding ............................................................................................................... 41 5.1.2 Architecturale opbouw en constructie ...................................................................... 46 5.2 De militaire vici en canabae .............................................................................................. 57 6 Civiele aspecten van militaire nederzettingen .......................................................................... 61 6.1 Het dagelijkse leven van de militairen .............................................................................. 61 6.1.1 Beroepsactiviteiten ................................................................................................... 61 6.1.2 Voedselvoorzieningen en consumptiepatronen ....................................................... 65 6.1.3 Training en plichten ................................................................................................... 68 6.1.4 Persoonlijk leven ....................................................................................................... 70 6.2 Niet-militairen in en nabij de forten .................................................................................. 74 7 De veteranengemeenschap ....................................................................................................... 78 7.1 Wie, wat, waar? ................................................................................................................. 78 iv 7.2 De veteranenkolonies ........................................................................................................ 79 8 Het nederzettingsaspect van de forten .................................................................................... 85 9 Het Romanisatie-effect van het Romeinse leger....................................................................... 89 Deel III: Besluit ....................................................................................................................................... 96 Bijlagen .................................................................................................................................................. 99 Bijlage I: Bijkomende kaarten, tabellen en figuren ....................................................................... 99 Bijlage II: Bronnenmateriaal ........................................................................................................ 123 Literair ..................................................................................................................................... 123 Epigrafisch ............................................................................................................................... 142 Inscripties op steen ............................................................................................................. 142 Tabulae Vindolandenses...................................................................................................... 150 Tabulae Luguvalienses ......................................................................................................... 170 Bibliografie .......................................................................................................................................... 171 Figuur 1: De provinciale administratie van Britannia ............................................................................ 36 Figuur 2: Plattegrond gebouwen in het fort te Inchtuthil ..................................................................... 54 Figuur 3: Stratenplan fort
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