How Women Won the Vote Additional Print & Online Resources

In recognition of Equality Day, and following up on the “How Women Won the Vote” Gazette, the NWHP has posted on its website an extensive new List of Resources on suffragists and the suffrage movement.

The Suffrage List offers “Cookbooks, Patterns, Songs and Surprises – Leads to a Variety of Votes for Women Resources,” with items in three dozen categories. The Reference Lists cite sixty-six biographies of suffragists, many of which are recent, and more than 500 books and links that offer more information. There is material on each state’s suffrage history that adds to the information in the Gazette. [link]

The National Women’s History Project’s 2017 Gazette, How Women Won the Vote, celebrates suffragists and activity in all the states and covers plans for the 2020 suffrage centennial. However, with limited space, it did not list any books or other media. So here are selected books, resources and additional links to encourage further research into individual suffragists and the multifaceted suffrage movement. The supplemental resources specifically for Suffragists Active in Every State appear at the end.

Also check out resources on the web. There is a wealth of information, books and lesson plans on suffrage and women’s history now available online.

These resources are divided into four sections: The Suffrage List Cookbooks, Patterns, Songs and Surprises – Leads to a Variety of Votes for Women Resources Suffrage Films, Books & Resources by Topic Biographies, Autobiographies and Books by Suffragists Recent and Classic, for Adults and Children Suffragists Active in Every State Additional Links, Books and Resources for Each State ______

The Suffrage List Cookbooks, Patterns, Songs and Surprises – Leads to a Variety of Votes for Women Resources

General Website

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American Journalism has organized a rich collection of links in preparation of their special issue on Women’s Suffrage and the Media in 2019 http://suffrageandthemedia.org/ The site also summarizes the ’ wonderful suffrage teaching resources. The Library is a primary archival center for suffragists’ papers and offers easy access to primary source material, lesson plans, photographs and documents http://suffrageandthemedia.org/source/womens-suffrage-teaching-resources-library-congress/

Art Artist and teacher Mireille Miller is organizing a middle school and older art project, “Women Leading the Way: Suffragists and ” [email protected]

Articles The Alert Collector: Women's Suffrage Movement by librarian Patricia F. Dolton https://journals.ala.org/index.php/rusq/article/view/2767/2757 Books, internet and films, U.S. and international Taking a New Look: The Enduring Significance of the American Woman Suffrage Movement by Robert P. J. Cooney, Jr. http://mith.umd.edu/womensstudies/ReadingRoom/History/Vote/enduring-significance.html

African American Suffragists Short biographies of 35 leaders http://www.suffragistmemorial.org/african-american-women- leaders-in-the-suffrage-movement/ Summary with sources and links https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African- American_women%27s_suffrage_movement

Become a Junior Suffragist What is a Junior Suffragist? - US National Park Service nps.gov/nama/learn/kidsyouth/upload/BEPA_Junior_Suffragist_Book.pdf

Biographies Who Were They? Brief biographies of 75 suffragists http://mith.umd.edu/womensstudies/ReadingRoom/History/Vote/75-suffragists.html Leading suffragists and Sheroes of History internationally profiled https://sheroesofhistory.wordpress.com/category/by-theme/suffragists-by-theme/

Blogs Smithsonian: Traveling for Suffrage, 4 part series http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2014/03/traveling-for-suffrage-part-1-two-women-a-cat-a- car-and-a-mission.html Anne Gass’ 2015 Road Trip commemorating Sara Bard Field’s 1915 trek http://www.suffrageroadtrip.com/

Cookbooks

The Suffrage Cookbook, Compiled by Mrs. L. O. Kleber, Equal Franchise Federation of Western Pennsylvania, 1915 https://archive.org/details/thesuffragecookb26323gut reprint available

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Washington Women's Cook Book by Linda Deziah Jennings, Washington Equal Suffrage Association, 1909 http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_60.cfm The Woman Suffrage Cook Book by Mrs. Hattie A. Burr, 1886 http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_43.cfm reprint available Cooking in Wyoming: Women's suffrage centennial edition by Clifford P. Hansen, 1969 Articles on suffrage cookbooks http://womensenews.org/2004/11/suffragists-knew-how-make-stir-holidays/ http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/05/454246666/how-suffragists-used- cookbooks-as-a-recipe-for-subversion

Descendents of Suffragists Suffragists and descendents article http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/11/granddaughters-of-the-revolution.html

Documents National Archives’ Digital Classroom Teaching With Documents Lesson Plan https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/woman-suffrage

Feminism 101 David Dinkins’ inspiring blog on suffragists and suffrage history includes year-long “This Day in ,” also historic timelines on domestic issues http://www.feminism101.com/

Film and Video Extensive lists and links on Women's History and Suffrage from Catt Childhood Home, http://catt.org/

Graves of Suffragists Amy Elliott Bragg is visiting the graves of women who fought for voting rights Blog nighttraintodetroit.com/2016/11/23/two-weeks-nearly-40-suffragists-later/ lansingstatejournal.com/story/travel/michigan/2016/11/07/her-campaign-visit-graves- michigan-suffragists/93428468/ Map google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1xL6dLO6qFXyiYVtCOadHHIuPet4&ll=42.64880388729905 %2C-84.11302724999996&z=6

History Discovering American Women’s History Online is an invaluable resource on suffrage and many other topics, includes links to many collections digital.mtsu.edu/cdm/search/collection/women/searchterm/suffrage/mode/all/order/nosort/ page/1

Women and Social Movements in the , a library subscription database, offers unique resources including a growing collection of writings by and about black women suffragists and biographies of active suffragists nationwide http://womhist.alexanderstreet.com/ The National Women’s History Museum https://www.womenshistory.org/

Page 3 offers educational resources including online exhibits on suffrage history and Creating a Female Political Culture http://www.crusadeforthevote.org/

The Justice Bell Justice Bell Foundation and Finding Justice documentary film project http://www.justicebell.org/ https://theflagguys.smugmug.com/History/The-Justice-Bell/i-Df3bHQW

Knitting Katherine Durack’s Suffrage in Stitches www.suffrageinstitches.com/ celebrates Women's Fight for Political Voice through Crochet, including patterns for a “Failure is Impossible” afghan and Ratification muffler

Library on the History of Women in America is the primary archival center for suffragists’ collections, with research guides http://guides.library.harvard.edu/schlesinger/suffrage

Literature A Tract in Fiction: Woman Suffrage Literature and the Struggle for the Vote https://ejas.revues.org/11421

Memorabilia Items at the Smithsonian http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search?custom_search_id=collections- search&edan_local=1&edan_q=suffrage&op=Search&edan_fq%5B%5D=online_visual_materia l%3Atrue Women's Suffrage Memorabilia 1890-1917 https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit/wRm3wFhH

Memorabilia Collectors Several suffrage collectors have posted images of their collections online. Ken Florey has created a very informative website and written two excellent books on suffrage post cards and memorabilia including buttons, ribbons, sheet music, ceramics and more. http://womansuffragememorabilia.com/ The Ann Lewis Women's Suffrage Collection https://lewissuffragecollection.omeka.net/ Trust http://www.elizabethcadystanton.org/

Where Can I Buy a “Votes for Women” Button?

Original suffrage buttons and leaflets are relatively rare but items do come up for sale. American Political Items Collectors, www.apic.us/, is the primary organization and a good place to start. APIC’s women’s suffrage chapter has published a valuable newsletter, The Clarion, for years, full of news, photos and articles relating to women's political memorabilia: http://www.apic.us/AbouttheAPIC/SpecialtyChapters/WomensSuffrage- WSAPIC/tabid/251/Default.aspx

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Two reliable sources are http://usamericana.com/auctions.html, which recently had a Vote No button for $45 and http://www.politicalparade.com/, which offered a gold Votes for Women button for $60. http://www.oldpostcards.com/suffragette-postcards.html offers suffrage post cards

Money Follow the progress of the Women on 20s campaign to put and other women on the nation’s paper currency. www.womenon20s.org

Music / Songs Gerri Gribi’s Suffrage Sing Along Sheet offers suffrage lyrics to popular tunes http://creativefolk.com/suffrage.html Recovering Our Past includes a suffrage song and the voices of elderly suffragists http://jukebox.uaf.edu/suffragists/index.html

Hurrah for Woman Suffrage! by the Homespun Singers http://miriamreed.com/solo-play- scripts/hurrah-for-woman-suffrage/

Here's to the Women, contemporary songs by Linda Allen http://www.lindasongs.com/pages/albums/album-here's-to-the-women.htm

Newspapers Historic newspaper collection at the Newseum reflects the nation’s relationship with women’s suffrage https://newseumed.org/idea/centennial-anniversaries-of-woman-suffrage-in-2017/

Online Resources Sources like https://archive.org/ and Gutenberg http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30051?msg=welcome_stranger offer access to a wide range of suffrage books and publications including the classic series, The History of Woman Suffrage On Line Books https://www.infoplease.com/us/stories/woman-suffrage-and-politics-34 offers rare titles like Carrie Catt’s Woman Suffrage and Politics

Photographs ’s suffrage scrapbooks at Bryn Mawr are full of portraits of suffragists and photographs from around the country http://triptych.brynmawr.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/suffragists The Library of Congress has an extensive collection of portraits and news photographs from the suffrage movement, most of which can be downloaded and are in the public domain https://www.loc.gov/photos/?q=suffrage&sp=1&st=gallery The National Woman’s Party has images and documentation from early organizing for the vote, including picketing the , to supporting the http://nationalwomansparty.org/collections/photographs/

Plays Failure is Impossible: Woman Suffrage and the 19th Amendment by Rosemary H. Knower. Narrator and three readers; statements from 14 suffragists https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/woman-suffrage/script.html

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On Kate Redway’s biographical drama “American Radical” about Elizabeth Cady Stanton http://www.rutlandherald.com/articles/american-radical/

Portraits Wonderful collection of paintings and sculptures of suffragists at the National Portrait Gallery, most online npg.si.edu/portraits/search?edan_q=suffrage&edan_local=1&op=Search

Post Cards , Waged in Postcards: Memes from Era http://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/war-on-women-waged-in-postcards-memes-from- the-suffragist-era/ American Woman Suffrage: Dueling Images online exhibit http://cjuliansuffrageexhibit.weebly.com/exhibition-overview.html

Silent Films Kay Sloan has a documentary, "Suffragettes in the Silent Cinema," and a book, The Loud Silents: Origins of the Social Problem Film. sfsilentfilmfestival.blogspot.com/2016/05/silent-films- and-suffragettes.html?showComment=1489181117656.

Sites and Trails The National Collaborative for Women’s History Sites and the National Votes for Women Trail project welcome your involvement documenting suffrage sites http://www.ncwhs.org/index.php/projects/trails

Suffragist of the Month Turning Point Suffragist Memorial profiles a National Woman’s Party suffragist monthly http://www.suffragistmemorial.org/suffragist-of-the-month/

Timeline National Suffrage Timeline https://rrlc.org/winningthevote/timelines/national-suffrage-timeline/

Women and Politics If you can’t see running for office yourself, consider helping another woman run. Change only happens when we make it happen. In October 1991, after charges of were essentially ignored by Congressmen vetting Clarence Thomas for the Supreme Court, women across the country were outraged. An overwhelming number ran for office the following year. Five women won seats in the U.S. Senate and twenty-four were elected to the House.

Learn more about projects that encourage girls to consider politics and train women to run for office. National organizations like the AAUW http://www.aauw.org/, http://lwv.org/, NOW http://now.org/, Feminist Majority http://www.feminist.org/ and more have resources to help.

Here are a few other leads: http://www.sheshouldrun.org/ http://runningstartonline.org/ includes extensive links https://www.aacu.org Association of American Colleges & Universities

Page 6 http://www.ignitenational.org/ http://www.youngwomeninpolitics.com/index.html http://www.girlsinc.org/

Rutgers University houses important centers on women and politics http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/ Center for American Women and Politics, excellent research and analysis, fact sheets, blog, "Ready to Run" Program http://iwl.rutgers.edu/ Institute for Women's Leadership, resources, fact sheets, video interviews http://womens-studies.rutgers.edu/ Dept. of Women and current concerns, newsletter

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Suffrage Films, Books & Resources by Topic

FILMS . Directed by Katja Von Garnier. 2004. Home Box Office. DVD. . Written by Abi Morgan, Directed by Sarah Gavron. 2015. British. DVD. One Woman, One Vote. Written and produced by Ruth Pollack. 1995. PBS "The American Experience." DVD. : The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Directed by Ken Burns. 1999. PBS. DVD. Women Win the Vote 1911. Nine years before the Federal Amendment. Written, Produced and Directed by Martha Wheelock. DVD. Into Light: . Written, Produced and Directed by Martha Wheelock. DVD. Votes for Women. Produced for 75th Anniversary of the 19th Amendment A film by Kay Weaver and Martha Wheelock. 1995. DVD. For an extensive list of vintage films, film and video documentaries, visit the Carrie Catt Girlhood Home site: http://catt.org/resources.html#testdrives.

BOOKS Anti-Suffrage No Votes for Women: The New York State Anti-Suffrage Movement, by Susan Goodier, 2013 Women Against Equality: A History of the Anti Suffrage Movement in the United States from 1895 to 1920 by Anne Myra Benjamin Ph.D., 2014

Cartooning Cartooning for Suffrage by Alice Sheppard and A. Sheppard, 1993

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American Women in Cartoons 1890-1920: Female Representation and the Changing Concepts of Femininity During the American Woman Suffrage Movement: An Empirical Analysis. Katharina Hundhammer, 2012

Iroquois Influence Sisters in Spirit: Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Influence on Early American Feminists by Sally Roesch Wagner, 2001

Literature Romancing the Vote: Feminist Activism in American Fiction, 1870-1920 by Leslie Petty, 2006 Treacherous Texts: An Anthology of U.S. Suffrage Literature, 1846-1946 by Mary Chapman and Prof. Angela Mills, 2011 Daughters of a Nation: A Black Suffragette Historical Romance Anthology by Alyssa Cole, 2016

Media Seeing Suffrage: The 1913 Washington Suffrage Parade, Its Pictures, and Its Effects on the American Political Landscape by James Glen Stovall, 2013 A Voice of Their Own: The Woman Suffrage Press, 1840-1910, ed. by Martha M. Solomon, 1991 American Woman Suffrage Postcards: A Study and Catalog by Kenneth Florey, 2015 Women’s Suffrage Memorabilia: An Illustrated Historical Study by Kenneth Florey, 2013

Online Exhibits “Political Culture and Imagery of American Woman Suffrage” is an online exhibit created by the National Women’s History Museum, https://www.nwhm.org/online- exhibits/votesforwomen/intro.html

Quilting Women of Influence: 12 Leaders of the Suffrage Movement, A Block of the Month Quilt by Sarah Maxwell and Dolores Smith, 2009

Regional New Women of the New South: The Leaders of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the Southern States by Marjorie Spruill Wheeler, 1993 How the Vote Was Won: Woman Suffrage in the , 1868-1914 by Rebecca Mead, 2006 Long Island and the Woman Suffrage Movement by Antonia Petrash, 2013 Feminist Frontiers: Women Who Shaped the Midwest by Yvonne Johnson, 2011

Songs, Music Give the Ballot to the Mothers: Songs of the (American) Suffragists (Documentary) by Francie Wolff, 1996

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Songs of the Suffragettes, Sung by Elizabeth Knight, Smithsonian/Folkways Recordings, 1958/2006, sixteen rare folk songs relating to women’s suffrage

Statue The Woman Suffrage Statue: A History of Adelaide Johnson's to , Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony at the by Sandra Weber, 2016

Suffrage History and Themes The History of Woman Suffrage by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, , , 6 volumes, 1881 - 1922 Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States by Eleanor Flexner, 1996 Revised Edition Woman Suffrage and the New Democracy by Sara Hunter Graham, 1996 Winning the Vote: The Triumph of the American Woman Suffrage Movement by Robert P. J. Cooney, Jr., 2005 The Woman Suffrage Movement in America: A Reassessment by Corrine M. McConnaughy, 2015 Fighting Chance: The Struggle over Woman Suffrage and in Reconstruction America by Faye E. Dudden, 2014 African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850–1920 by Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, 1998 Sisters: The Lives of American Suffragists by Jean H. Baker, 2005 The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Edited by Ann D. Gordon The Myth of Seneca Falls: Memory and the Women's Suffrage Movement, 1848-1898 by Lisa Tetrault, 2014 Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Women's Rights Movement by Sally McMillen, 2008 Gilded Suffragists: The New York Socialites Who Fought for Women's Right to Vote by Johanna Neuman, 2017 Funding : Monied Women, Philanthropy, and the Women’s Movement, 1870–1967 by Joan Marie Johnson, 2017 Remember the Ladies: Celebrating Those Who Fought for Freedom at the Ballot Box by Angela P. Dodson, 2017 The Suffragents: How Women Used Men to Get the Vote by Brooke Kroeger, 2017 Militant Citizenship: Rhetorical Strategies of the National Woman's Party, 1913-1920 by Belinda A. Stillion Southard 2012 Rampant Women: Suffragists and the Right of Assembly by Linda J. Lumsden, 1997 Votes for Women: A 75th Anniversary Album [Huntington] by Ellen DuBois and Karen Kearns, 1999 International Encyclopedia of Women's Suffrage by June Hannam and Katherine Holden, 2000 Women in Congress 1917-2006 (House Document) by U.S. House of Representatives and Committee on House Administration, 2007

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Women, Politics, and Power: A Global Perspective by Pamela Marie Paxton and Melanie M. Hughes, 2014

Theater A Stage of Their Own: Feminist Playwrights of the Suffrage Era by Sheila Stowell 1992 From Winning the Vote to Directing on Broadway: The Emergence of Women on the New York Stage, 1880-1927 by Pamela Cobrin, 2009 On To Victory: Propaganda Plays of the Woman Suffrage Movement, by Bettina Friedl, 1987

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Biographies, Autobiographies and Books by Suffragists – Recent and Classic, for Adults and Children

Autobiographies and Books by Suffragists

The Story of a Sub-Pioneer by Sara M. Algeo, 1925 Bridging Two Eras: The Autobiography of Emily Newell Blair, 1877-1951 by Emily Newell Blair and Virginia Jeans Laas, 1999 Challenging Years: The Memoirs of by Harriot Stanton Blatch and Alma Lutz, 1940 Carrie Chapman Catt: A Biography by Mary Gray Peck, 1944 Woman Suffrage and Politics: the Inner Story of the Suffrage Movement by Carrie Chapman Catt and Marjorie Shuler, 1923 Active Footsteps by Caroline Nichols Churchill, 2016 [reprint] Path Breaking: An Autobiographical History of the Equal Suffrage Movement in the Pacific Coast States by Abigail Scott Duniway and Eleanor Flexner, 1971 The Living of : An Autobiography by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1935 A Brighter Coming Day: A Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Reader Edited by Frances Smith Foster, 1993 Lifting the Curtain : The State and National Woman Suffrage Campaigns in Pennsylvania as I Saw Them by Caroline Katzenstein, 1955 Front Door Lobby by , 1960 : The Story of a Pioneer by Anna Howard Shaw, 1915 Eighty Years and More: Reminiscences 1815-1897 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 1898 by , 1920 : Pioneer of Woman's Rights by and Randolph Hollinghurst, 2001

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Harriet Taylor Upton's Random Recollections by Harriet Taylor Upton and Lana Dunn Eisenbraun, 2004 Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells by Ida B. Wells and Alfreda M. Duster, 1991

Biographies of Suffragists – Alphabetical by the woman’s name

Clara B. Arthur Suffragist and the Michigan Woman Suffrage Campaign by Judy Reinicker, 2001 One Woman’s Political Journey: Kate Barnard and Social Reform, 1875–1930 by Lynn Musslewhite, 2003 Making Women's History: The Essential by Mary Ritter Beard and Ann J. Lane, 2001 Alva Vanderbilt Belmont: Unlikely Champion of Women's Rights by D. Hoffert, 2011 Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt: The Story of a Mother and a Daughter in the ‘Gilded Age’ by Amanda Mackenzie Stuart, 2016 Mary McLeod Bethune and Black Women's Political Activism by Joyce A. Hanson, 2003 Lillie Devereux Blake: Retracing a Life Erased by Grace Farrell, 2002 Harriot Stanton Blatch and the Winning of Woman Suffrage by Ellen Carol DuBois, 1997 Madeline McDowell Breckinridge and the Battle for a New South (Topics In History) by Melba Porter Hay and Marjorie J. Spruill, 2009 : The Battle for Equality by Charlotte Cote, 1988 Carrie Chapman Catt: A Public Life by Jacqueline Van Voris, 1996 Carrie Chapman Catt: A Life of Leadership by Nate Levin, 2006 Elizabeth Buffum Chace and Lillie Chace Wyman: A Century of Abolitionist, Suffragist and Workers' Rights Activism by Elizabeth C. Stevens, 2003 Laura Clay and the Woman's Rights Movement by Paul E. Fuller, 1992 Minnie Fisher Cunningham: A Suffragist's Life in Politics by Judith N. McArthur and Harold L. Smith, 2003 Winning the West for Women: The Life of Suffragist Emma Smith DeVoe by Jennifer M. Ross-Nazzal, 2011 Rebel for Rights: Abigail Scott Duniway by Ruth Barnes Moynihan, 1983 Margaret Fuller and Her Circles (New in the World) by Brigitte Bailey and Katheryn P. Viens, 2013 Mary Elizabeth Garrett: Society and Philanthropy in the Gilded Age by Kathleen Waters Sander, 2008 Charlotte Perkins Gilman: A Biography by Cynthia Davis, 2010 The Collected Works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Yellow Wallpaper, Women and Economics, Herland, Suffrage Songs and Verses, and Why I Wrote 'The Yellow Wallpaper' by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 2015 The Grimké Sisters from South Carolina: Pioneers for Women's Rights and Abolition by Gerda Lerner, 2009 Page 11

Eliza Calvert Hall: Kentucky Author and Suffragist by Lynn E. Niedermeier, 2007 The Life and Rebellious Times of : Actress, Writer, Suffragist by Lis Whitelaw, 1991 and the woman suffrage movement: A selection from her speeches and essays by Julia Ward Howe, 1913 The Civil Wars of Julia Ward Howe: A Biography by Elaine Showalter, 2016 Miss Emily: Emily Howland, Teacher of Freed Slaves and Suffragist by Mildred D. Myers and Joy Duperault, 1998 Liberated Woman: A Life of May Arkwright Hutton by James W. Montgomery, 1985 May: The Hard-Rock Life of Pioneer May Arkwright Hutton by Mary Barmeyer O'Brien, 2013 March of the Suffragettes: Rosalie Gardiner Jones and the March for Voting Rights by Zachary Michael Jack, 2016 Ahead of Her Time: Abby Kelley & the Politics of Antislavery by Dorothy Sterling, 1991 Belle La Follette: Progressive Era Reformer by Nancy C. Unger, 2015 Purple Passage: The Life of Mrs. Frank Leslie by Madeleine B. Stern, 1953 A Strong-Minded Woman: The Life of by Wendy Hamand Venet, 2005 A Texas Suffragist: Diaries and Writings of Jane Y. McCallum by Janet G. Humphrey, 1988 Etta Haynie Maddox, 1860-1933: Pioneer lawyer and suffragist by Mary Katherine Scheeler, 1977 The Long Campaign: A Biography of Anne Martin by Anne Bail Howard, 1985 Old Times In Dixie Land: A Southern Matron's Memoirs by Caroline E. Merrick, 2012 Inez: The Life and Times of Inez Milholland by Linda J. Lumsden, 2004 Remembering Inez: The Last Campaign of Inez Milholland, Suffrage Martyr by Robert P. J. Cooney, Jr., 2015 A Woman's Work: The Storied Life of Pioneer Esther Morris, the World’s First Female Justice of the Peace by Marian Betancourt, 2017 Clarina Nichols: Frontier Crusader for Women's Rights by Diane Eickhoff, 2016 Frontier Feminist: Clarina Howard Nichols and the Politics of Motherhood by Marilyn S. Blackwell and Kristen T. Oertel, 2010 A Woman's Crusade: and the Battle for the Ballot by Mary Walton, 2010 Alice Paul: Claiming Power by J.D. Zahniser and Amelia R. Fry, 2014 Going to : Harriet Robinson's Journey to New Womanhood by Claudia L. Bushman, 2017 Helen Ring Robinson: Senator and Suffragist by Pat Pascoe, 2011 Jeannette Rankin: America's Conscience by Kathryn Anderson and Norma Smith, 2013 Leader and Pariah: Annie Savery and the Campaign for Women's Rights in Iowa, 1868-1891 by Louise R Noun, 2002 Anna Howard Shaw: The Work of Woman Suffrage by Trisha Franzen, 2014 Elizabeth Cady Stanton: An American Life by Lari D. Ginzberg, 2009 Stanton in Her Own Time: A Biographical Chronicle of Her Life, Drawn from Recollections, Interviews, and Memoirs by Family, Friends, and Associates by Noelle A. Baker, 2016

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Woman's Voice, Woman's Place: Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Woman's Rights Movement by Joelle Million, 2003 Lucy Stone: Speaking Out for Equality by Andrea Moore Kerr, 1992 Suffer and Grow Strong: The Life of Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas, 1834-1907 (Georgia) by Carolyn Newton Curry, 2014 The Power and Passion of M. Carey Thomas by Helen Horowitz, 1999 Harriet Tubman: The Road to Freedom by Catherine Clinton, 2005 Gentle Warriors: Clara Ueland and the Minnesota Struggle for Woman Suffrage by Barbara Stuhler, 1995 Gertrude Weil: Jewish Progressive in the New South by Leonard Rogoff, 2017 Ida: A Sword Among Lions: Ida B. Wells and the Campaign Against Lynching by Paula Giddings, 2008 Ida B. Wells-Barnett and American Reform, 1880-1930 by Patricia A. Schechter, 2001 Voting Down the Rose: Florence Brooks Whitehouse & Maine’s Fight for Woman Suffrage by Anne B. Gass, 2014 Laura Ingalls Wilder: A Pioneer Girl’s World View: Selected Newspaper Columns on American Life, Women's Suffrage, , Immigration and More by Laura Ingalls Wilder, 2014 Selected Writings of : Suffrage, Free Love, and Eugenics by Victoria C. Woodhull and Cari M. Carpenter, 2010 The Woman Who Ran for President: The Many Lives of Victoria Woodhull by Lois Beachy Underhill and , 1996 A Very Dangerous Woman: Martha Wright and Women's Rights by Sharon H. Penney, 2004

Kids Books on Suffrage and Suffragists

You Wouldn't Want to Be a Suffragist!: A Protest Movement That's Rougher Than You Expected by Fiona MacDonald and David Antram, 2008 Around America to Win the Vote: Two Suffragists, a Kitten, and 10,000 Miles by Mara Rockliff and Hadley Hooper, 2016 Women's Suffrage (Uncovering the Past: Analyzing Primary Sources) by Lynn Peppas, 2015 The Suffragists in Literature for Youth: The Fight for the Vote by Shelley Mosley and John Charles, 2006 Giant Steps: Suffragettes and Soldiers by Mary Blair Immel, 2017

Strudels With Susan B. Anthony (Time Hop Sweets Shop) by Kyla Steinkraus, 2017 Who Was Susan B. Anthony? by Pam Pollack and Meg Belviso, 2014 Friends for Freedom: The Story of Susan B. Anthony & Frederick Douglass by Suzanne Slade and Nicole Tadgell, 2016 Why Couldn't Susan B. Anthony Vote?: And Other Questions About Women's Suffrage (Good Question!) by Mary Kay Carson, 2015 Page 13

A Time For Courage: The Suffragette Diary of Kathleen Bowen, Washington, D.C. 1917 by Kathryn Lasky, 2002 Votes for Women!: The Story of Carrie Chapman Catt by Barbara A. Somervill, 2002 I Could Do That! Esther Morris Gets Women the Vote by Linda Arms White and Nancy Carpenter, 2005 When Esther Morris Headed West: Women, Wyoming, and the Right to Vote by Connie Nordhielm Wooldridge and Connie Nordhielm Woldridge, 2001 Alice Paul and the Fight for Women's Rights: From the Vote to the Equal Rights Amendment by Deborah Kops, 2017 True Life: Alice Paul by Dona Herweck Rice, 2017 Miss Paul and the President: The Creative Campaign for Women's Right to Vote by Dean Robbins and Nancy Zhang, 2016 A Voice From the Wilderness: The Story of Anna Howard Shaw by Don Brown, 2001 Elizabeth Started All the Trouble by Doreen Rappaport and Matt Faulkner, 2016 Who Was Sojourner Truth? by Yona Zeldis McDonough and Jim Eldridge, 2015 Chasing Freedom: The Life Journeys of Harriet Tubman and Susan B. Anthony, Inspired by Historical Facts by Nikki Grimes and Michele Wood, 2015 Mary Walker Wears the Pants: The True Story of the Doctor, Reformer, and Civil War Hero by Cheryl Harness, 2014

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Suffragists Active in Every State – Additional Links, Books, and Resources for Each State

This list summarizes and offers links to each state’s voting history on women’s suffrage, While some states never voted, fifteen states () eventually passed Votes for Women and another fifteen () passed presidential (or partial) suffrage.

After Congress passed the 19th Amendment in 1919, the date each state ratified is listed as another date to celebrate. became the 36th and final state needed in August 1920. Eventually, all the states ratified the amendment.

Certain links () are special sites with contemporary women’s history trails, exhibits, halls of fame, and centers for state centennial and national centennial information.

This is by no means a comprehensive list of books or links to state suffrage history. It is meant to help you start looking into your own state’s record and local suffrage activists. Research in one direction will uncover leads to many other resources. Please send us your suggestions, corrections and feedback.

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Alabama Never voted Rejected ratification September 22, 1919 Ratified September 8, 1953 huntsvillehistorycollection.org/hh/index.php?title=%22They_Are_Too_Sweet_and_Angelic_t o_Reason,%22_Or,_How_Women_Got_the_Vote_in_Alabama http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1150 summary of state Equal Suffrage Association The in Alabama: Social Reforms and Suffrage, 1890-1920 by Mary Martha Thomas, 1992 Stepping Out of the Shadows: Alabama Women, 1819-1990 by Mary Martha Thomas, 1995 Lillian's Right to Vote: A Celebration of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 by Jonah Winter and Shane W. Evans, 2015 (kids)

Alaska  Passed 1913 Became a state with equal suffrage, 1959 http://www.akhistorycourse.org/governing-alaska/the-territory-of-alaska Women Gain the Vote http://alaskanativestudies.blogspot.com/ Enfranchisement of Women http://alaskamininghalloffame.org/inductees/collins.php on male legislator A Place of Belonging: Five Founding Women of Fairbanks, Alaska by Phyllis Demuth Movius, 2009 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Alaska Women by Cherry Lyon Jones, 2014 Bold Women in Alaska History by Marjorie Cochrane, 2014 (kids)

Arizona  Passed 1912 Ratified February 12, 1920 https://www.uapress.arizona.edu/catalogs/dlg_show_excerpt.php?id=2072 summary from Arizona Women in Politics, 1883-1950 by Heidi J. Osselaer http://windowonyourpast.com/site/research/arizona-suffrage/ with leads  http://www.womensheritagetrail.org/women/FrancesMunds.php Arizona Women’s Heritage Trail https://www.azlibrary.gov/dazl/learners/research-topics/womens-suffrage State Library, tools for educators regarding the history of women’s suffrage in Arizona Winning Their Place: Arizona Women in Politics, 1883-1950 by Heidi J. Osselaer, 2009 Levis & Lace: Arizona Women Who Made History by Jan Cleere, 2011 De-sexing the Ballot Box: The History of Woman Suffrage in Arizona, 1883-1912 by Thomas Lauerman, 1973 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Arizona Women by Wynne Brown, 2003

Arkansas Passed Primary Suffrage 1917 Defeated 1919 Page 15

Ratified July 28, 1919 http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=4252  https://ualrexhibits.org/suffrage/ The Arkansas Women’s Suffrage Centennial Project Arkansas Women and the Right to Vote: The Little Rock Campaigns: 1868-1920 by Bernadette Cahill, 2015 The Woman Suffrage Movement in Arkansas by A. Elizabeth Taylor, 1957 Notable Women of Arkansas: From Hattie to Hillary, 100 Names to Know by Nancy Hendricks, 2016 Behold, Our Works Were Good: A Handbook of Arkansas Women's History by Elizabeth Jacoway (Editor), 1988

California Defeated 1896  Passed 1911 Ratified November 1, 1919 http://exhibitions.globalfundforwomen.org/exhibitions/california-suffrage slide exhibit http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=WOMEN_CLAIM_THE_VOTE_IN_CALIFORNIA Essay by author Mae Silver  http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/celebrating-womens-suffrage/california-women-suffrage- centennial/ centennial summary http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/suffrage/index.html UC Berkeley centennial exhibit The Sixth Star: Images and Memorabilia of California Women's Political History 1868-1915 by Mae Silver and Sue Cazaly, 2000 Class Conflict and Class Coalition in the California Woman Suffrage Movement, 1907-1912: The Wage Earners' Suffrage League by Susan Englander, 1992 Becoming Citizens: The Emergence and Development of the California Women's Movement, 1880-1911 by Gayle Gullett, 2000 Remarkable Women of California by Marilyn Brant Chandler DeYoung, 2015 Winning Equal Suffrage in California: Reports of Committees of the College Equal Suffrage League of Northern California by College Equal Suffrage League of Northern California, 1913 [reprint] More than Petticoats: Remarkable California Women by Erin H. Turner, 2014 California Women Win the Vote 1911. Nine years before the Federal Amendment. Written, Produced and Directed by Martha Wheelock (film)

Colorado Defeated 1877  Passed 1893 Ratified December 15, 1919 http://www.coloradovirtuallibrary.org/digital-colorado/colorado-histories/boom-years/ellis- meredith-suffragist-and-activist/ short history and links http://womhist.alexanderstreet.com/teacher/colosuff.htm lesson plan Woman Suffrage in Colorado, 1877-1893 http://womhist.alexanderstreet.com/colosuff/intro.htm Why Did Colorado Suffragists Fail to Win the Right to Vote in 1877, but Succeed in 1893? lesson plan and summary

Page 16 https://archive.org/stream/historyequalsuf00browgoog/historyequalsuf00browgoog_djvu.txt The History of Equal Suffrage in Colorado, 1868-1898  http://www.cogreatwomen.org/ Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame 1893-1993 Colorado suffrage centennial: Celebrating 100 years of Colorado women making history by Rosemary Fetter, 1993 The History of Equal Suffrage in Colorado, 1868-1898 by Joseph G. Brown, 1898 [reprint] More than Petticoats: Remarkable Colorado Women by Gayle Shirley, 2012 The History of Equal Suffrage in Colorado and by Various Authors, 2011 Bold Women in Colorado History by Phyllis J. Perry, 2012 (kids)

Connecticut Never voted Ratified September 14, 1920 https://ctexplored.org/the-long-road-to-womens-suffrage-in-connecticut/ https://connecticuthistory.org/19th-amendment-the-fight-over-woman-suffrage-in- connecticut/ http://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/glastonbury-cows-fight-womens-suffrage/ on Abby & Julia Smith’s cows Women of the Constitution State: 25 Connecticut Women You Should Know by Diane Mayr, Write Sisters, 2013 Remarkable Women of Hartford by Cynthia Wolfe Boynton, 2014 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Connecticut Women by Antonia Petrash, 2003

Delaware Never voted Rejected ratification June 2, 1920 Ratified May 6, 1923 http://www.delawareeranow.org/a-brief-history-of-delawares-role-in-womens-suffrage/ brief article http://jnjreid.com/cdb/suffragists.html article on Delaware Suffragists, with leads A Legacy from Delaware Women by Mary Sam Ward, Project Director, 1987 Delaware Women Remembered by Mary Sam Ward, 1977

Florida Never voted Ratified May 13, 1969 https://www.floridamemory.com/blog/2014/08/26/womens-equality-day-2/ Florida Memory Blog, summary under Women’s Equality Day https://www.floridamemory.com/exhibits/floridahighlights/19th_amendment/page2.php Ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment by the Florida Legislature, 1969 The Woman Suffrage Movement in Florida by A. Elizabeth Taylor, 1957 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Florida Women by E. Lynne Wright, 2010

Georgia Never voted

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Rejected ratification July 24, 1919 Ratified February 20, 1970 georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/woman-suffrage summary http://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu / cgi / viewcontent.cgi?article=...  http://www5.galib.uga.edu/blog/?p=3920 90th anniversary U of GA, links The Origin of the Woman Suffrage Movement in Georgia by A. Elizabeth Taylor, 1944 Georgia's Remarkable Women: Daughters, Wives, Sisters, and Mothers Who Shaped History by Sara Hines Martin, 2015 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Georgia Women by Sara Hines Martin, 2002

Hawaii Became a state with equal suffrage, 1959 http://www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/HanifinCitizen2001draft.html article on citizenship and voting rights in Hawaii https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmina_Kekelaokalaninui_Widemann_Dowsett on suffrage leader with summary Notable Women of Hawaii by Barbara Bennett Peterson, 1984 Shaping Hawaii: The Voices of Women by Joyce Lebra-Chapman and Joyce C. Lebra, 1999 Women in Hawai'i: Sites, Identities, and Voices by Joyce N. Chinen and Kathleen O. Kane, 1997

Idaho  Passed 1896 Ratified February 11, 1920 http://lmtribune.com/feature/women-s-suffrage-right-to-vote-came-early-in- idaho/article_d6e0296a-ba14-59fe-87e4-2789689dcf38.html history http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/suffrage.html http://farrit.lili.org/node/104 on Abigail Scott Duniway in Idaho Idaho's Remarkable Women: Daughters, Wives, Sisters, and Mothers Who Shaped History by Lynn Bragg, 2016 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Idaho Women by Lynn Bragg, 2010 Idaho Women in History: Big and Little Biographies and Other Gender Stories by Betty Penson-Ward, 1990

Illinois Never voted  Presidential Suffrage 1913 Ratified June 10, 1919 http://www.lib.niu.edu/2004/ih110604half.html article from Illinois Heritage http://sangamoncountyhistory.org/wp/?p=2666 on 1913 victory https://www.jstor.org/stable/40194491?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Grace Wilbur Trout’s “Side Lights on Illinois Suffrage History” Notable Illinois Women by David R. and Evelyn Collins Witter, 1982 Women of the Prairie State: 25 Illinois Women You Should Know by Marty Darragh and Jo Pitkin, 2012 The Transformation of the Woman Suffrage Movement: The Case of Illinois, 1850-1920 by Steven M. Buechler, 1986 Page 18

More than Petticoats: Remarkable Illinois Women by Lyndee Henderson, 2006 For the Freedom of Her Race: Black Women and Electoral Politics in Illinois, 1877-1932 by Lisa G. Materson, 2013

Indiana Never voted  Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified January 16, 1920 http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/post-tribune/news/ct-ptb-bicenternnial-women-st- 0313-20160311-story.html article: Suffrage movement took root in Indiana in 1859 http://digitalcommons.butler.edu / cgi / viewcontent.cgi?article=... Indiana suffrage movement, “Are You With Us?” Honors Thesis http://josotl.indiana.edu/index.php/imh/article/viewFile/12215/18138 Winning the Vote in Fort Wayne, Indiana https://scholarworks.iupui.edu / bitstream / handle / 1805 / 3747 / Kalvaitis%20Thesis.pdf?s... Indianapolis Women Working for the Right to Vote RetroIndy: The women's suffrage movement in Indiana - IndyStar Brief overview of suffrage movement in Indiana 19 Stars of Indiana: Exceptional Hoosier Women by Michael S. Maurer, 2009 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Indiana Women by Rachel Lapp and Anita Stalter, 2006 Some Torch Bearers in Indiana by Charity Dye, 1917 Bold Women in Indiana History by Louise Hillery, 2016 (kids)

Iowa Defeated 1916  Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified July 2, 1919 http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/exhibits/suffrage/index.html Iowa suffrage scrapbook, Women’s Suffrage in Iowa: An Online Exhibit http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/exhibits/suffrage/IAWomenSuffrage.pdf Iowa’s Women’s Archives http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/suffrage/ Women’s Suffrage in Iowa Digital Collection http://site.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath/fight-womens-suffrage summary http://catt.org/index.html Carrie Chapman Catt Girlhood Home in Iowa Strong-Minded Women: The Emergence of the Woman Suffrage Movement in Iowa by Louise Rosenfield Noun, 1986 Leader and Pariah: Annie Savery and the Campaign for Women's Rights in Iowa, 1868-1891 by Louise R Noun, 2002 Iowa Women of Achievement by Suzanne O'Dea Schenken, 1996 Remarkable Iowa Women by Ethel W. Hanft, 1983

Kansas Defeated 1867, 1894  Passed 1912 Ratified June 16, 1919 https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/women-s-suffrage/14524 Historical Society

Page 19 https://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-historical-quarterly-the-woman-suffrage-campaign-of- 1912/12944 on 1912 campaign She Came From Kansas: A Sampler Quilt Celebrating Remarkable Kansas Women by Sandy Humphreys and Sue Horton, 2013 More Than Petticoats: Remarkable Kansas Women by Gina Kaufmann, 2012

Kentucky Never voted  Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified January 6, 1920 http://athena.uky.edu/kyleidoscope/industrialsocietyky/mergingspheres/mergingspheres.htm  https://networks.h-net.org/kywomansuffrage Kentucky Woman Suffrage Project Site, Votes for Women Trail Kentucky Women: Their Lives and Times by Melissa McEuen and Thomas Appleton Jr., 2015 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Kentucky Women by Mimi O'Malley, 2012 Kentucky Women: Two Centuries of Indomitable Spirit and Vision by Eugenia K. Potter, 1997

Louisiana Defeated 1918 Rejected ratification July 1, 1920 Ratified June 11, 1970 http://www.knowlouisiana.org/entry/woman-suffrage https://www.jstor.org/stable/4232287?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents article on Kate Gordon and Louisiana Woman Suffrage http://www.loyno.edu/~history/journal/1990-1/ladart.htm Caroline Merrick and Women's Rights in Louisiana More than Petticoats: Remarkable Louisiana Women by Bonnye Stuart, 2009 Old Times In Dixie Land: A Southern Matron's Memoirs by Caroline E. Merrick, 2012 Louisiana Women: Their Lives and Times by Janet Allured, Editor and others, 2009

Maine Defeated 1917  Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified November 5, 1919 http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu / cgi / viewcontent.cgi?article=... In Order to Establish Justice: The Nineteenth-Century Woman Suffrage Movements of Maine and New Brunswick https://mdhistoricaltrust.wordpress.com/2017/03/16/remembering-maryland-womens-fight- for-the-vote/ https://www.mainememory.net/bin/Features?t=fp&feat=13&supst=Exhibits Suffrage in Maine slideshow, Maine Memory Network Voting Down the Rose: Florence Brooks Whitehouse and Maine’s Fight for Woman Suffrage by Anne B. Gass, 2014 Maine's Remarkable Women: Daughters, Wives, Sisters, and Mothers Who Shaped History by Kate Kennedy, 2016 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Maine Women by Kate Kennedy, 2005

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Women of the Pine Tree State: 25 Maine Women You Should Know by Andrea Murphy and Joyce Ray, 2014 (kids)

Maryland Never voted Rejected ratification February 24, 1920 Ratified March 29, 1941 https://historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes/view/6259 on Maryland Woman Suffrage Association https://mdhistoricaltrust.wordpress.com/2017/03/16/remembering-maryland-womens-fight- for-the-vote/ https://mdhistoricaltrust.wordpress.com/2017/03/31/beyond-the-right-to-vote-african- american-women-of-the-maryland-suffrage-movement/ on African American suffragists, with links  http://mdwomensheritagecenter.publishpath.com/ Maryland Women’s Heritage Center Wild Women of Maryland: Grit & Gumption in the Free State by Lauren R. Silberman and Diana M. Bailey, 2015 Militant Suffrage in Maryland, 1912 to 1920 by Lisa Tuzo, 1984 Notable Maryland Women by Winifred G. Helmes, 1977 Women of Achievement in Maryland History by Carolyn B. Stegman, 2002

Massachusetts Defeated 1915 Ratified June 25, 1919 http://primaryresearch.org/woman-suffrage-in-massachusetts/ Timeline https://www.masshist.org/objects/2010july.php summary  http://suffrage100ma.org/ Women's Suffrage Celebration Coalition of Massachusetts  http://www.wwhp.org/Resources/ Worcester Women’s History Project links  http://bwht.org/ Boston Women’s Heritage Trail Massachusetts in the Woman Suffrage Movement. A general, political, legal and legislative history from 1774 to 1881 by Harriet H. Robinson, 2009 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Massachusetts Women by Lura Rogers Seavey, 2004 Women of the Bay State: 25 Massachusetts Women You Should Know by Write Sisters and Kathleen W. Deady, 2009 (kids)

Michigan Defeated 1874, 1912, 1913  Presidential Suffrage 1917  Passed 1918 Ratified June 10, 1919 http://seekingmichigan.org/look/2011/03/08/woman-suffrage summary http://www.historygrandrapids.org/search/suffrage#displayer[options][q]=suffrage&displayer[ page]=1 summary and links  http://www.michiganwomenshalloffame.org/womens_history_timeline1.aspx Timeline, also Women’s History Trail

Page 21 http://www.historygrandrapids.org/photoessay/4480/clara-comstock-russell-woman-a on Clara Comstock Russell and others http://bentley.umich.edu/search_gcse/?q=women+in+politics+suffrage http://absolutemichigan.com/michigan/womens-suffrage-in-michigan/ Women’s Suffrage in Michigan Clara B. Arthur Suffragist and the Michigan Woman Suffrage Campaign by Judy Reinicker, 2001 Michigan Women's Suffrage: A Political History by Elizabeth H. Giese, 1995 A History of Woman Suffrage in Michigan by Virginia Ann Paganelli Caruso, 1986 The History of Suffrage in Michigan by Mary Joice Adams, 1898 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Michigan Women by Julia Pferdehirt, 2007

Minnesota Never voted  Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified September 8, 1919 http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/54/v54i07p290-303.pdf “Organizing for the Vote” Minnesota leaders http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w6935n46 on the Minnesota Woman Suffrage Association http://www.mnopedia.org/group/minnesota-woman-suffrage-association on Minnesota Woman Suffrage Association, leads http://libguides.mnhs.org/suffrage MN History Center, Woman Suffrage in Minnesota https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Woman_Suffrage_Association The Privilege for Which We Struggled: Leaders of the Woman Suffrage Movement in Minnesota by Heidi Bauer, 1999 Gentle Warriors: Clara Ueland and the Minnesota Struggle for Woman Suffrage by Barbara Stuhler, 1995 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Minnesota Women by Bonnye Stuart, 2004

Mississippi Never voted Rejected ratification March 29, 1920 Ratified March 22, 1984 http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/245/mississippi-women-and-the-woman- suffrage-amendment Mississippi suffragists http://history.ou.edu / Websites / history / images / docs / 04_Miles_-_Southern_Ladies.pdf Southern Ladies’ Rebellion: The Failure of Women’s Suffrage in Mississippi Mississippi Women: Their Histories, Their Lives Volume 1 by Susan Ditto and Elizabeth Payne, 2003 Mississippi Women: Their Histories, Their Lives Volume 2 by Elizabeth Payne and others, 2010

Missouri Defeated 1914  Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified July 3, 1919

Page 22 http://shsmo.org/searchresults.shtml?cx=002011585713746245898%3Aancagzvk0d4&cof=FO RID%3A11&q=woman+suffrage&sa=Search&siteurl=shsmo.org%2Findex.shtml&ref=&ss=2 031j391089j14 Research leads http://digital.shsmo.org/cdm/fullbrowser/collection/mhr/id/11900/rv/compoundobject/cpd/1 2108 History of Woman Suffrage in Missouri https://archive.org/stream/missourihistoric14missuoft/missourihistoric14missuoft_djvu.txt  https://www.c-span.org/video/?307551-1/womens-suffrage-missouri on Women's Suffrage in Missouri and the Golden Lane (video) http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/events-will-remember-suffragists-who-lined- locust-street-in-demonstration/article_5e885b80-78ad-5d56-b355-555740af9c87.html The Golden Lane: How Missouri Women Gained the Vote and Changed History by Margot McMillen and Mary Mosley, 2011 Women in Missouri History: In Search of Power and Influence by LeeAnn Whites and Mary C. Neth, 2004 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Missouri Women by Elaine Warner, 2012 In Her Place: A Guide to St. Louis Women's History by Katharine T. Corbett, 2000

Montana  Passed 1914 Ratified August 2, 1919 http://libguides.msubillings.edu/c.php?g=242203&p=1610129 St U. http://nhdmontanahistorytopics.pbworks.com/w/page/29094839/Montana%20Women's%20 Suffrage%20Movement sources including T.A. Larson’s “Montana Women and the Battle for the Ballot.” Montana, The Magazine of Western History http://montanawomenshistory.org/suffrage/  http://montanawomenshistory.org/how-to-celebrate/ https://mhs.mt.gov/education/women/HazelHunkins biographical lesson plan, Montana Historical Society http://scholarworks.montana.edu / xmlui / bitstream / handle / 1 / 6299 / 31762100209335.pdf?sequence=1 - The winning of suffrage in Montana thesis Montana Women by Toni Volk, 2003 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Montana Women by Gayle Shirley, 2010

Nebraska Defeated 1882, 1914  Presidential Suffrage 1917 Ratified August 2, 1919 http://www.nebraskahistory.org/nshs_search.shtml?keywords=suffrage&submit=Search Sixty-Five Years Till Victory: A History of Woman Suffrage in Nebraska http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0700/frameset_reset.html?http://www.nebraskastudies.org/ 0700/stories/0701_0110.html A Dangerous Class: A History of Suffrage in Nebraska and the League of Women Voters of Nebraska by Betty Stevens, 1995 A History of Woman Suffrage in Nebraska, 1856-1920 by Thomas Chalmer Coulter, 1976

Nevada

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 Passed 1914 Ratified February 7, 1920  http://www.nevadawomen.org/ Nevada Women History Project https://www.unr.edu/nwhp/bios/women/wilson.htm on Bird Wilson  https://suffrage100nv.org/ Nevada suffrage centennial The Winning of Nevada for Woman Suffrage by Curtis J. Hillyer, 2015 The Clash in Nevada: A History of Woman's Fight for Enfranchisement by , 1914 [reprint] Nevada's Remarkable Women: Daughters, Wives, Sisters, and Mothers Who Shaped History by Jan Cleere, 2015 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Nevada by Jan Cleere, 2005

New Hampshire Defeated 1903 Ratified September 10, 1919 http://www.cowhampshireblog.com/2016/11/05/new-hampshire-political-heroines-suffragists- elected-women-and-record-breakers/ New Hampshire political heroines More than Petticoats: Remarkable New Hampshire Women by Gail Underwood Parker, 2009 Women of the Granite State: 25 New Hampshire Women You Should Know by Janet Buell and Write Sisters, 2012

New Jersey Defeated 1915 Ratified February 9, 1920 http://www.njdigitalhighway.org/enj/lessons/womens_suffrage/ Lesson plan http://www.capitalcentury.com/1919.html summary http://www.alicepaul.org Alice Paul Institute http://www.njwomenshistory.org/discover/topics/woman-suffrage/  http://www.njwomenshistory.org/nj-womens-heritage-trail/ run by the AP Inst. Lost Ground: The Struggle for Woman Suffrage in New Jersey by Neale and Margaret Crocco McGoldrick, 1994 After Winning: The Legacy of the New Jersey Suffragists, 1920-1947 by Felice D. Gordon, 1986 Remarkable Women of the New Jersey Shore: Clam Shuckers, Social Reformers and Summer Sojourners by Karen L. Schnitzspahn, 2015 Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women by The Women's Project, 1997 New Jersey's Remarkable Women: Daughters, Wives, Sisters, and Mothers Who Shaped History by Lynn Wenzel and Carol Binkowski, 2016 More than Petticoats: Remarkable New Jersey Women by Lynn Wenzel and Carol J. Binkowski, 2003

New Mexico Never voted Ratified February 21, 1920 http://newmexicohistory.org/people/womens-suffrage-movement-1915 summary http://dev.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=322

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Women of the New Mexico Frontier, 1846-1912 by Cheryl J. Foote, 1993 More than Petticoats: Remarkable New Mexico Women by Beverly West, 2012

New York Defeated 1915  Passed 1917 Ratified June 16, 1919 http://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/wny-womens-rights-movement http://www.rochester.edu/sba/suffrage-history/us-suffrage-movement-timeline-1792-to- present/ http://www.rochester.edu/sba/suffrage-history/biographies-of-influential-suffragists/ http://www.nywomenshistory.com/ key women and local attractions  https://www.ny.gov/commemorating-womens-suffrage-100th-anniversary/historic-new- york-suffragists-0  http://www.rochester.edu/sba/ follow for NY Centennial events  http://www.rochester.edu/sba/events/2017-centennial-celebration/2017centennial/ calendar of events U of Rochester, SBA Center, SBA House & Museum, AAUW NY https://rrlc.org/winningthevote/ “Western New York Suffragists: Winning the Vote,” Rochester Regional Library Council Votes for Women: Celebrating New York's Suffrage Centennial by Jennifer A Lemak and Ashley Hopkins-Benton, 2017 Women Will Vote: Winning Suffrage in New York State by Susan Goodier and Karen Pastorello, 2017 No Votes for Women: The New York State Anti-Suffrage Movement by Susan Goodier, 2013 Long Island and the Woman Suffrage Movement by Antonia Petrash, 2013 The Women's Rights Movement and the Finger Lakes Region: The Heart of New York State by Emerson Klees, 2000 New York's Remarkable Women: Daughters, Wives, Sisters, and Mothers Who Shaped History by Antonia Petrash, 2016 Remarkable Women in New York State History by Helen Engel and Marilynn Smiley, 2013 More than Petticoats: Remarkable New York Women by Antonia Petrash, 2001

North Carolina Never voted Ratified May 6, 1971 http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-newcentury/4.0 summary, lesson plans http://www.ncpedia.org/women-suffrage excerpt from the Encyc. of N. Carolina http://docsouth.unc.edu/highlights/suffrage.html primary documents The Woman Suffrage Movement in by A. Elizabeth Taylor, 1961 More than Petticoats: Remarkable North Carolina Women by Scotti Cohn, 2012 Southern Strategies: Southern Women and the Woman Suffrage Question by Elna C. Green, 1997 Notable North Carolina Women by Jennifer Ravi, 1992

North Dakota Defeated 1914 Page 25

 Presidential Suffrage 1917 Ratified December 1, 1919 http://ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-iii-waves-development-1861-1920/lesson-4-alliances- and-conflicts/topic-8-suffrage/section-3-woman-suffrage-1912-1920 summary http://bebismarck.com/story.php?article=1467232581 http://www.history.nd.gov/search.html?cx=011640572701877941005%3Avnavanhpdj4&cof=F ORID%3A11&ie=UTF- 8&q=suffrage&sa=Search&siteurl=history.nd.gov%2Ftextbook%2Funit4_1_suffrage_intro.h tml&ref=history.nd.gov%2Ftextbook%2Funit4_1_activity2.html&ss=1183j226037j8 leads and links The History of the Woman's Suffrage Movement in North Dakota by Jeanne F. Tucker, 1951 Prairie In Her Heart: Pioneer Women of North Dakota by Barbara Witteman, 2001 Important Voices: North Dakota's Women Elected State Officials Share Their Stories 1893- 2013 by Susan E. Wefald and Dr. Kjersten Nelson, 2014 Bloomers and Petticoats: Life on the North Dakota Prairie in the Early 1900's by Richard Campbell and Eva Campbell, 2010

Ohio Defeated 1912, 1914  Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified June 16, 1919 http://www.ohiohistoryhost.org / ohiomemory / wp-content / uploads / 2014 / 12 / TopicEssay_Women.pdf on Women in http://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu / cgi / viewcontent.cgi?filename... The Battle for Suffrage in Ohio http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Ohio_Woman_Suffrage_Association on OWSA http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Nineteenth_Amendment Ohio and 19th Amendment The Ohio Woman Suffrage Movement: A Certain Unalienable Right by Florence Ellinwood Allen, 1950 Ohio's Remarkable Women: Daughters, Wives, Sisters, and Mothers Who Shaped History by Greta Anderson and Susan Sawyer, 2015 They Also Serve: Twelve Biographies of Notable Cleveland Women 1800-1985, by Richard D. Klyver 1986 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Ohio Women by Greta Anderson, 2005

Oklahoma Defeated 1910  Passed 1918 Ratified February 28, 1920 http://ojs.library.okstate.edu / osu / index.php / OKPolitics / article / viewFile / 1048 / 945 – Woman Suffrage in Oklahoma http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=OK089 on Oklahoma Woman Suffrage Association http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=SU002 on suffrage amendment Petticoats, Politics, and Pirouettes: Oklahoma Women from 1900-1950 by Glenda Carlile, 1995 Pioneer Women: The Lives of Women on the Frontier by Linda Peavy and Ursula Smith, 1998

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Women of Oklahoma, 1890–1920 by Linda W. Reese, 1997 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Oklahoma Women by Deborah Bouziden, 2013 Women Who Pioneered Oklahoma: Stories from the WPA Narratives by Terri M. Baker and Connie Oliver Henshaw, 2011

Oregon Defeated 1884, 1900, 1906, 1908, 1910  Passed 1912 Ratified January 13, 1920 https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/woman_suffrage_in_oregon/#.WRS4euTrviM http://bluebook.state.or.us/facts/scenic/suffrage/suffhome.htm suffrage web exhibit http://www.wou.edu/history/files/2015/08/JessicaBertling.pdf on the Woman Suffrage Movement in Oregon  http://www.opb.org/television/programs/oregonexperience/segment/the-suffragists/ Public TV show on Oregon Experience: The Suffragists  http://centuryofaction.org/ Centennial Site Remarkable Oregon Women by Jennifer Chambers, 2015 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Oregon Women by Gayle Shirley, 2010 Notable Women of Portland by Tracy J. Prince, 2017

Pennsylvania Defeated 1915 Ratified June 24, 1919 jstor.org/stable/1011990?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents The Equal Suffrage Campaign in Pennsylvania https://www.jstor.org/stable/1011990?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents The Equal Suffrage Campaign in Pennsylvania article https://hsp.org/education/unit-plans/pennsylvania-women-and-the-quest-for-womens- suffrage Lesson plan http://www.brynmawr.edu/library/exhibits/suffrage/welcome.html “Dedicated to the Cause: Bryn Mawr Women and the Right to Vote,” Bryn Mawr College Library Special Collections Notable Women of Pennsylvania by Gertrude Bosler Biddle and Sarah Dickinson Lowrie, 1942 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Pennsylvania Women by Kate Hertzog, 2007 Our Hidden Heritage: Pennsylvania Women in History by Janice H. McElroy, 1983 The Women of Scranton: 1880-1935 by Josephine M. Dunn and Cheryl A. Kashuba, 2007

Rhode Island Defeated 1887  Presidential Suffrage 1917 Ratified January 6, 1920 http://sos.ri.gov/virtualarchives/items/browse?collection=7 documents http://www.rihs.org/mssinv/mss021.htm summary, League of Women Voters http://smallstatebighistory.com/civil-wars-end-revives-suffrage-battles-rhode-island/ The History of Equal Suffrage in Colorado and Rhode Island by Various Authors, 2011 A History of the Rhode Island Woman Suffrage Movement by Kathleen E. Egan, 1985

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Remarkable Women of Rhode Island by Frank L. Grzyb and others, 2014 Women of the Ocean State: 25 Rhode Island Women You Should Know by Linda Crotta Brennan, 2013 (kids)

South Carolina Never voted Rejected ratification January 28, 1920 Ratified July 1, 1969 http://www.scpronet.com / modjeskaschool / wp-content / uploads / 2016 / 04 / SouthCarolinaAndTheEnfra... early years http://www.scpronet.com / modjeskaschool / wp-content / uploads / 2016 / 04 / SouthCarolinaAndTheEnfra... later years http://www.statehousereport.com/2015/02/13/womens-suffrage-in-south-carolina/ summary excerpted from the entry by Sidney R. Bland in The South Carolina Encyclopedia http://lwvsc.org/files/suffrage.pdf brief history South Carolina and the Enfranchisement of Women: The Early Years by A. Elizabeth Taylor, 1976 South Carolina and the Enfranchisement of Women: The Later Years by A. Elizabeth Taylor, 1979 More than Petticoats: Remarkable South Carolina Women by Lee Davis Perry, 2009 South Carolina Women: Their Lives and Times by Joan Johnson and Marjorie Spruill, 2009 South Carolina Women by Idella Bodie, 1990 A Hard Fight for We: Women's Transition from to Freedom in South Carolina by Leslie A. Schwalm, 1997

South Dakota Defeated 1890, 1898, 1910, 1914, 1916  Passed 1918 Ratified December 4, 1919 http://files.usgwarchives.net/sd/women/suffrage.txt History of Women's Suffrage in South Dakota to 1904 http://www.sdhspress.com / journal / south-dakota-history-13-3 / woman-suffrage-in-south- / vol-13-no-3-woman-suffra... The Final Decade, 1911-1920 https://historysouthdakota.wordpress.com/2015/09/05/womens-suffrage-in-south-dakota/ The Woman Suffrage Movement in South Dakota by Dorinda Riessen-Reed, 1958 Daughters of Dakota: A Sampler by Sally Roesch Wagner, 1989 Daughters of Dakota: Stories from the Attic by Sally R. Wagner, 1990

Tennessee Never voted  Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified August 18, 1920 http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1528 summary http://www.tn4me.org/sapage.cfm/sa_id/96/era_id/6/major_id/20/minor_id/56/a_id/135 leading suffragists

Page 28 http://cmdc.knoxlib.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p265301coll8 Knox County Public Library suffrage collection has letter to Harry Burn  http://tnsuffragemonument.org/ http://tnwomansmemorial.org/ Votes for Women! The Woman Suffrage Movement in Tennessee, the South, and the Nation by Marjorie S. Wheeler, 1995 The Perfect 36: Tennessee Delivers Woman Suffrage by Carol Lynn Yellin and Janann Sherman, 2013 Tennessee Women: Their Lives and Times by Beverly Bond and Sarah Wilkerson Freeman, 2009 The Woman Suffrage Movement in Tennessee by A. Elizabeth Taylor, 1978 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Tennessee Women by Susan Sawyer, 2014

Texas Never voted Passed Primary Suffrage 1918 Defeated 1919 Ratified June 28, 1919 https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/viw01 summary http://www.humanitiestexas.org/exhibitions/list/by-title/citizens-last-woman-suffrage- movement-texas exhibition available “Citizens at Last: The Woman Suffrage Movement in Texas” https://www.tsl.texas.gov/lobbyexhibits/struggles-women Texas Women and the Right to Vote https://www.tsl.texas.gov/exhibits/suffrage/index.html The Women’s Suffrage Movement in Texas Citizens at Last: The Woman Suffrage Movement in Texas by Ellen C. Temple and others, 2015 Citizens at Last: The Woman Suffrage Movement in Texas by A. Elizabeth Taylor, 1987 A Texas Suffragist: Diaries and Writings of Jane Y. McCallum by Janet G. Humphrey, 1988 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Texas Women by Greta Anderson, 2013 A Life Worth Remembering: The Raw Beginnings of the Women's Suffrage Movement in Texas by Beth Banning, 2016 Women of the Lone Star State: 25 Texas Women You Should Know by Mary Dodson Wade and Sally Wilkins, 2010 Texas Dames: Sassy and Savvy Women Throughout Lone Star History by Carmen Goldthwaite, 2012

Utah  Became a state with equal suffrage 1896 Ratified October 2, 1919 http://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/statehood_and_the_progressive_era/womenssuffr ageinutah.html summary http://aspiringmormonwomen.org/2013/07/24/voices-from-the-past-mormon-womens-fight- for-suffrage/ Voices from the Past: Mormon Women’s Fight for Suffrage Battle for the Ballot: Essays on Woman Suffrage in Utah by Carol Cornwall Madsen, 1997 Pedestals and Podiums: Utah Women, Religious Authority, and Equal Rights by Martha S. Bradley-Evans, 2005

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Hidden History of Utah by Eileen Hallet Stone, 2013 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Utah Women by Christy Karras, 2010 Worth Their Salt Too: More Notable But Often Unnoted Women of Utah by Colleen Whitley, 2000 Women In Utah History: Paradigm Or Paradox? by Patricia Lyn Scott and Linda Thatcher, 2005

Vermont Never voted Ratified February 8, 1921 https://vermonthistory.org/journal/misc/DriveForWomensSuffrage.pdf The Drive for Women's Municipal Suffrage in Vermont 1883-1917 http://vermonthistory.org/research/research-resources-online/green-mountain- chronicles/women-get-the-vote-1920 summary, radio show https://vermonthistory.org/images/stories/vwhp/Women%20in%20Politics.pdf Women in Vermont Politics: During and Post Suffrage 1840-1940 http://vermonthistory.org/research/vermont-women-s-history Vermont Women’s History Project/Vermont Historical Society Those Intriguing Indomitable Vermont Women by Jean K. Smith, 1980 Women of the Green Mountain State: 25 Vermont Women You Should Know by Patty Lyman Schremmer, 2013 Vermont Women, Native Americans & African Americans: Out of the Shadows of History by Cynthia D. Bittinger, 2012 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Vermont Women by Deborah Clifford, 2009

Virginia Never voted Rejected ratification February 12, 1920 Ratified February 21, 1952 http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Woman_Suffrage_in_Virginia# Woman Suffrage in Virginia http://www.vahistorical.org/what-you-can-see/story-virginia/explore-story-virginia/1876- 1924/virginia-and-women%E2%80%99s-suffrage summary Virginia Women & The Vote, 1909-2009: The Equal Suffrage League & The League of Women Voters in Virginia by Bernice Colvard, 2009 The History of Suffrage in Virginia by J. A. Chandler, 2012 The Southern Lady: From Pedestal to Politics, 1830-1930 by Anne Firor Scott, 1995 Virginia's Remarkable Women: Daughters, Wives, Sisters, and Mothers Who Shaped History by Emilee Hines, 2015 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Virginia Women by Emilee Hines, 2003

Washington Defeated 1889, 1898  Passed 1910 Ratified March 22, 1920

Page 30 http://www.washingtonhistory.org/research/whc/milestones/suffrage/ Washington State Historical Society  http://www.washingtonhistory.org/research/whc/ Women’s History Consortium http://www.historylink.org/File/5662 suffrage crusade 1848-1920 Women's Votes, Women's Voices: The Campaign for Equal Rights in Washington by Shanna Stevenson, 2010 Making a Difference: A Centennial Celebration of Washington Women, Volume II by Jennifer James-Wilson, 1992 Women in Pacific Northwest History: An Anthology by Karen J. Blair, 1988 Woman's Place: A Guide to Seattle and King County History by Mildred Tanner Andrews, 1994 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Washington Women by Lynn Bragg, 2010 Voting Rights Days (Hitty's Travels) by Ellen Weiss and Betina Ogden, 2002 (kids)

West Virginia Defeated 1916 Ratified March 10, 1920 http://www.wvculture.org/history/archives/women/suffrage.html West Virginia's Suffrage Movement http://www.wvculture.org/history/journal_wvh/wvh49-8.html West Virginia Suffragists Missing Chapters: West Virginia Women in History by West Virginia Women's Commission, 1983 West Virginia Women in History: Missing Chapters II by West Virginia Women's Commission, 1986 Recovery & Revision: Women's History in West Virginia (West Virginia History, Volume 49) by Barbara Melosh, 1990 Notable Women West of the Blue Ridge 1850-1950 by Rebecca Raper Austin, 2007 West Virginia Women by Jim Comstock, 1974 Traditions and Transitions: West Virginia Women in History by Jane J Siers, 1990

Wisconsin Defeated 1912  Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified June 10, 1919 http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WIReader/WER0124-1.html How Wisconsin Women Won the Ballot http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-032/ summary, links On Wisconsin Women: Working for Their Rights from Settlement to Suffrage by Genevieve G. McBride, 1993 Wisconsin Women Fight for Suffrage by James I. Clark, 1956 More than Petticoats: Remarkable Wisconsin Women by Greta Anderson, 2004 Uncommon Lives of Common Women: The Missing Half of Wisconsin History by Victoria Brown, 1975 Wisconsin Women: A Gifted Heritage by Anne Short, 1982 Women's Wisconsin: From Native to the New Millennium by Genevieve G. McBride, 2005

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Wyoming  Became a state with equal suffrage 1890 Ratified January 27, 1920 http://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/right-choice-wrong-reasons-wyoming-women-win- right-vote Wyoming Women Win the Right to Vote https://carlanthonyonline.com/2013/09/01/the-scruffy-dudes-who-got-wyoming-women-the- first-vote-got-forgot/ summary article The Important Things of Life: Women, Work, and Family in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, 1880-1929 by Dee Garceau, 2013 How Woman Suffrage Came to Wyoming by Grace Raymond Hebard, 1920 The Feminine Frontier: Wyoming Women, 1850-1900 by Denice Wheeler, 1987 General Laws, Memorials and Resolutions of the Territory of Wyoming by the Wyoming and National American Woman Suffrage Associations, 2012 [reprint] I Could Do That! Esther Morris Gets Women the Vote by Linda Arms White and Nancy Carpenter, 2005 (kids) When Esther Morris Headed West: Women, Wyoming, and the Right to Vote by Connie Nordhielm Wooldridge and Connie Nordhielm Woldridge, 2001 (kids)

Washington D.C. Never voted Wild Women of Washington, D.C.: A History of Disorderly Conduct from the Ladies of the District by Canden Schwantes, 2014 An Example for All the Land: Emancipation and the Struggle Over Equality in Washington, D.C. by Kate Masur, 2010

Make the world better. – Lucy Stone ______

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