DOCSLIB.ORG

AUSTRALIAN STATES CONSTITUTION ACT, 1907 7 Edw

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AUSTRALIAN STATES CONSTITUTION ACT, 1907 7 Edw 703 AUSTRALIAN STATES CONSTITUTION ACT, 1907 7 Edw. 7, c. 7 (Imperial) An Act to amend the Law relating to the Reservation for His Majesty's pleasure of Bills passed by the Legislatures of the States forming part of the Commonwealth of Australia, and to confirm certain Acts passed by those Legislatures. [2 August 1907] 1. Reservation of Bills. ( 1) There shall be reserved, for the signification of His Majesty's pleasure thereon, every Bill passed by the Legislature of any State forming part of the Commonwealth of Australia which- (a) Alters the constitution of the Legislature of the State or of either House thereof; or (b) Affects the salary of the Governor of the State; or (c) Is, under any Act of the Legislature of the State passed after the passing of this Act, or under any provision contained in the Bill itself, required to be reserved; but, save as aforesaid, it shall not be necessary to so reserve any Bill passed by any such Legislature: Provided that- (a) Nothing in this Act shall affect the reservation of Bills in accordance with any instructions given to the Governor of the State by His Majesty; and (b) It shall not be necessary to reserve a Bill for a temporary law which the Governor expressly declares necessary to be assented to forthwith by reason of some public and pressing emergency; and (c) It shall not be necessary to reserve any Bill if the Governor declares that he withholds His Majesty's assent, or if he has previously received instructions from His Majesty to assent and does assent accordingly to the Bill. (2) For the purposes of this section a Bill shall not be treated as a Bill altering the constitution of the Legislature of a State or of either House thereof by reason only that the Bill- (a) Creates, alters, or affects any province, district, or town, or division of a province, district, or town, which returns one or more members to either House of the Legislature; or (b) Fixes or alters the number of members to be elected for any such province, district, or town, or division of a province, district, or town; or (c) Increases or decreases the total number of elective members of either House of the Legislature; or (d) Concerns the election of the elective members of the Legisla­ ture, or either House thereof, or the qualifications of electors or elective members. 704 CONSTITUTION Vol. 2 (3) Section thirty-three of the Australian Constitutions Act, 1842, shall apply to Bills reserved under this Act in like manner as it applies to Bills reserved under that Act with the substitution of references to a State forming part of the Commonwealth of Australia for references to the colony of New South Wales, and of references to both Houses of the Legislature of the State for references to the Legislative Council. ( 4) So much of any Act of Parliament or Order in Council as requires any Bill passed by the Legislature of any such State to be reserved for the signification of His Majesty's pleasure thereon, or to be laid before the Houses of Parliament before His Majesty's pleasure is signified, and, in particular, the enactments mentioned in the Schedule to this Act, to the extent specified in the third column of that Schedule, shall be repealed both as originally enacted and as incorporated in ::>r applied by any other Act of Parliament or any Order in Councilor leW!rs patent. Act referred to: Australian Constitutions Act, 1842, 5 & 6 Vic. c. 76, see p. 684 ante. See the Royal Instructions to the Governor, c. VII, p. 813 post; Colonial Courts of Admiralty Act, 1890, s. 4 (Imperial), title ADMIRALTY, Vol. 1, p. 125; Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, ss.735, 736 (Imperial), title SHIPPING. As to commencement of reserved Acts, see Acts Interpretation Ads, 1954 to 1962, s. 15, title ACTS OF PARLIAMENT, Vol. 1, p. 85. A Bill providing that members of a particular statutory commission shall not be disqualified under a provision of the Constitution Act disqualifying persons accepting an office of profit under the Crown, does not require to be reserved under this section (Clydesdale v. Hughes (1934),51 C.L.R. 518). In Taylor v. A.-G. for Queensland (1917),23 C.L.R. 457, the validity of assent given by the Governor was admitted when it appeared that he had, prior to assenting, received instructions from His Majesty giving him authority to assent. 2. Confirmation of certain Australian Acts. (1) Any Act passed by the Legislature of any such State, and assented to in the name of His Majesty by the Governor and not disallowed by His Majesty before the passing of this Act, shall, notwithstanding that the Bill for the Act ought to have been but was not reserved for the signification of His Majesty's pleasure thereon, and notwithstanding that it ought to have been but was not duly laid before both Houses of Parliament, be deemed to be and to have been as from the date of that assent as valid as if the Bill had been so reserved and as if it had been laid before both Houses of Parliament, and as if His Majesty's assent to the Bill had been duly given and signified in the State at the date aforesaid. (2) For the purposes of this section references to Acts passed by the Legislature of a State shall be construed as including references to Acts passed before the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia by the Legislature of any colony which now forms part of the Commonwealth, and references to His Majesty shall be construed as including references to Her late Majesty. 3. Short title. This Act may be cited as the Australian States Constitution Act, 1907. AUSTRALIAN STATES CONSTITUTION ACT, 1907 ss. 1-3. Sch. 705 SCHEDULE ENACTMENTS REPEALED Session and Chapter Short title Extent of Repeal ------------------------i----------------- 5 & 6 Vic. c. 76 The Australian Consti­ Section thirty-one, from "and all Bills tutions Act, 1842 altering" to the end of the section 7 & 8 Vic. c. 74 The Australian Consti­ Sections seven and eight tutions Act, 1844 13 & 14 Vic. c. 59 The Australian Consti­ In section twelve, the words "and the tutions Act, 1850 reservation of Bills for the signification of Her Majesty's pleasure thereon, and the Bills so reserved" Section thirty-two, from "Provided always" to the end of the section Section thirty-three 8 & 19 V:c. c. 54 The New South Wales In section three, the words "and the Constitution Act, reservation of Bills for the signification 1855 of Her Majesty's pleasure thereon" 18 & 19 Vi:. c. 55 The Victoria Constitut­ In section three, the words "and the ion Act, 1855 reservation of Bills for the signification of Her Majesty's pleasure thereon" 25 & 26 Vi.:. c. II The Australian Consti­ Section two tutions Act, 1862 53 & 54 Vic. c. 26 The Western Australia In section two, the words "and the Constitution Act, reservation of Bills for the signification 1890 of Her Majesty's pleasure thereon" ---------.----.---.----~---------------- 23 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Governor Genera. and the Head of State Functions
    The Governor Genera. and the Head of State Functions THOMAS FRANCK* Lincoln, Nebraska In most, though by no means all democratic states,' the "Head o£ State" is a convenient legal and political fiction the purpose of which is to personify the complex political functions of govern- ment. What distinguishes the operations of this fiction in Canada is the fact that the functions of head of state are not discharged by any one person. Some, by legislative enactment, are vested in the Governor General. Others are delegated to the Governor General by the Crown. Still others are exercised by the Queen in person. A survey of these functions will reveal, however, that many more of the duties of the Canadian head of state are to-day dis- charged by the Governor General than are performed by the Queen. Indeed, it will reveal that some of the functions cannot be dis- charged by anyone else. It is essential that we become aware of this development in Canadian constitutional practice and take legal cognizance of the consequently increasing stature and importance of the Queen's representative in Canada. Formal Vesting of Head of State Functions in Constitutional Governments ofthe Commonnealth Reahns In most of the realms of the Commonwealth, the basic constitut- ional documents formally vest executive power in the Queen. Section 9 of the British North America Act, 1867,2 states: "The Executive Government and authority of and over Canada is hereby declared to continue and be vested in the Queen", while section 17 establishes that "There shall be one Parliament for Canada, consist- ing of the Queen, an Upper House, styled the Senate, and the *Thomas Franck, B.A., LL.B.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Parliament of Kenya
    The National Assembly History of The Parliament of Kenya FactSheet No.24 i| FactSheet 24: History of The Parliament of Kenya History of The Parliament of Kenya FactSheet 24: History of The Parliament of Kenya Published by: The Clerk of the National Assembly Parliament Buildings Parliament Road P.O. Box 41842-00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 221291, 2848000 Email: [email protected] www.parliament.go.ke © The National Assembly of Kenya 2017 Compiled by: The National Assembly Taskforce on Factsheets, Online Resources and Webcasting of Proceedings Design & Layout: National Council for Law Reporting |ii The National Assembly iii| FactSheet 24: History of The Parliament of Kenya Acknowledgements This Factsheet on History of the Parliament of Kenya is part of the Kenya National Assembly Factsheets Series that are supposed to enhance public understanding, awareness and knowledge of the work of the Assembly and its operations. It is intended to serve as easy guide for ready reference by Members of Parliament, staff and the general public. The information contained here is not exhaustive and readers are advised to refer to the original sources for further information. This work is a product of concerted efforts of all the Directorates and Departments of the National Assembly, and the Parliamentary Joint Services. Special thanks go to the Members of the National Assembly Taskforce on Factsheets, Online Resources and Webcasting of Proceedings, namely, Mr. Kipkemoi arap Kirui (Team Leader), Mr. Emejen Lonyuko, Mr. Robert Nyaga, Mr. Denis Abisai, Mr. Stephen Mutungi, Mr. Bonnie Mathooko, Maj. (Rtd.) Bernard Masinde, Mr. Enock Bosire, and Ms. Josephine Karani.
    [Show full text]
  • Roy Al Instructions
    COpy OF THE ROY AL INSTRUCTIONS "0 THE RIGHT RON. C. POULETT THOJ~t[SOl'T WHEN APPOINTED GOVERNOR GENERAL OF CANADA, Ordered to be printed 29th June 1840. (180.) LIS To Page No.l.-Cpi!y of Instructions under the Royal Sign Manual addressed to the Right "tionourable Charles Poulett Thomson, which accompanied the Commission :~~pointing him Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Province of ~Lower Canada 3 No.2.-Copy of Additional Instructions under the Royal Sign Manual addressad to the Right Honourable Charles Poulett Thomson, which accompanied the Commis­ sion appointing him Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Province of Lower Canada 6 No.3.-Copy of Instructions under the Royal Sign Manual addressed to the Right Honourable Charles Poulett Thomson, which accompanied the Commission appointing him Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Province of Upper Canada 7 CANADA. No. 1. COpy of INSTRUCTIONS under the ROYAL SIGN MANUAL addressed to the Right No. L Honourable CHARLES POULETT THOMSON, which accompanied the Com­ Iustructioil8 to the mission appointing him Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Governor of Lower Canada, Province of Lower Canada. daletJ 7th Sept. 1839. Instructions to Our right trusty and well.beloved Councillor Charles Poulett Thomson, Our Captain General and Governor in Chief in and over Our Province of Lower Canada, or in his Absence to Our Lieutenant Governor or the Officer administering the Government of Our said Province for the· Time being. Given at Our Court at -Windsor the 7th Day of September 1839, in the Third Year of Our Reign.
    [Show full text]
  • Migrated Archives): Ceylon
    Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Ceylon Following earlier settlements by the Dutch and Despatches and registers of despatches sent to, and received from, the Colonial Portuguese, the British colony of Ceylon was Secretary established in 1802 but it was not until the annexation of the Kingdom of Kandy in 1815 that FCO 141/2180-2186, 2192-2245, 2248-2249, 2260, 2264-2273: the entire island came under British control. In Open, confidential and secret despatches covering a variety of topics including the acts and ordinances, 1948, Ceylon became a self-governing state and a the economy, agriculture and produce, lands and buildings, imports and exports, civil aviation, railways, member of the British Commonwealth, and in 1972 banks and prisons. Despatches regarding civil servants include memorials, pensions, recruitment, dismissals it became the independent republic under the name and suggestions for New Year’s honours. 1872-1948, with gaps. The years 1897-1903 and 1906 have been of Sri Lanka. release in previous tranches. Below is a selection of files grouped according to Telegrams and registers of telegrams sent to and received from the Colonial Secretary theme to assist research. This list should be used in conjunction with the full catalogue list as not all are FCO 141/2187-2191, 2246-2247, 2250-2263, 2274-2275 : included here. The files cover the period between Open, confidential and secret telegrams on topics such as imports and exports, defence costs and 1872 and 1948 and include a substantial number of regulations, taxation and the economy, the armed forces, railways, prisons and civil servants 1899-1948.
    [Show full text]
  • Constitutional Law of Ghana Part I
    © F A R Bennion Website: www.francisbennion.com Doc. No. 1962.001.003 Butterworths, 1962 Any footnotes are shown at the bottom of each page For full version of abbreviations click ‘Abbreviations’ on FB’s website CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF GHANA Francis Bennion PART I - THE REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION CHAPTER 1 CONSTITUTIONAL EVOLUTION The Republic of Ghana lies midway along the Guinea coast of West Africa, being bounded on three sides by former French territories and on the south by the Atlantic Ocean. To the west lies the Ivory Coast Republic, to the north the Voltaic Republic (formerly Upper Volta) and to the east the Republic of Togo. The territories of Ghana consist of those formerly comprised in the Gold Coast Colony, Ashanti, the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast, and Togoland under United Kingdom Trusteeship. The name Ghana was adopted when, on 6th March, 1957, the country became independent of British rule. The name was taken from the ancient negro empire of Ghana in the South-Western Soudan, from which a proportion of the inhabitants of present-day Ghana are believed to derive their ancestry. Ghana became a republic within the Commonwealth on 1st July, 1960. Although the republican constitution contains a number of original features and represents a clean break with the past, it inevitably perpetuates by way of organic development much of the former constitutional system. It cannot therefore be understood without reference to the growth of the institutions of government which took place during the years preceding the emergence of Ghana as an independent republic. The purpose of the present chapter is to trace briefly the course of this development, beginning with the assumption of jurisdiction by the British Crown in 1821.1 The history of the four centuries preceding this event is one of great confusion and shifting of populations, in which the tribal systems were being modified by wars and invasions among the Africans themselves and also by the activities of traders from almost every European country.
    [Show full text]
  • Nation-Building in the Commonwealth: the Making
    NATION-BUILDING IN THE COMMONWEALTH : THE MAKING OF NEW CONSTITUTIONS THOMAS M. FRANCK* New York At a time when criticism of "colonialism" in general and of the British Empire in particular has become a glut on the world's propaganda market, it is of some importance for .Canadians to acquaint themselves with recent developments -in that political institution which graduates the members of our Commonwealth. Since, moreover, these momentous developments may appear obscure to the layman because they are cast in technical, lego- constitutional form, it falls to the lawyer to examine them and to communicate his findings to the non-professional community. An examination of recent constitutional evolution within the Commonwealth and Empire yields very few generalizations. In so far as a generalization is implied even in the use of the separate concepts of "Empire" and "Commonwealth", it is likely to mis- lead, for the emerged and emergent nations of both categories are related to each other not as two distinct blocks but as the shades of a constitutional spectrum which blend gradually from one hue to the next. A few instances may serve to illustrate. At the extreme, the anomalous position of the Republic of Ireland points to a peri- pheral constitutional status which is neither completely within, nor fully without the Commonwealth relationship. Though still clearly within the relationship, India and Pakistan, by severing their legal links with the Crown,2 have laid claim to a slightly *Thomas M. Franck, B .A., LL.B., (U.B.C.), LL.M. (Harv.) ; Associate Professor of International Law, New York University.
    [Show full text]
  • THE KENYA GAZETTE Poblished Under the Authority of His Excellency the Governor of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya (Registered As a Newspaper at the G.P.O.)
    THE KENYA GAZETTE Poblished under the Authority of His Excellency the Governor of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya (Registered as a Newspaper at the G.P.O.) Vol. LX-No. 17 NAIROBI, 8th April, 1958 Price: Sh. 1 -- - CONTENTS GAZETTE NOTICES I GAZETTENo~~c~s-(ClOntd.) ' PAGE PAGE Appointments, etc. .. .. , . 346 The Patents (Registration) Ordinance . 364 The Kenya (Constitution) Order in Council, 1958- The Bankruptcy Ordinance .... .. 364 Nomination of Acting Members . 346,348 The Forest Denartment-Tenders . 365. 367 The Kenya (Constitution) Order in Council, 1958- The Crown Lands Ordinance-Petrol Service Station Site Appointment of Assistant Ministers . 346 at Waivasha . 366 The Agriculture Ordinance, 1955-Appointment to The Native Lands Trust Ordinance-Plot at Bungoma . 368 Agricultural Sub-Committees ... 346 Legislative Council-Date of Next Meeting . 347 The Board of Industrial Development-Reappointment . 347 SUPPLEMENT No. 23 The Courts Ordinance-Special Appointment 347 . (Legislative Supplement) The Northern Province Livestock Improvement Ordin- LEGALNOTICE NO. PAGE ance-Appointment' . 347 East African Railways and Harbours-Amendment to 158-The Kenya (Constitution) Order in Council, 1958 . Tariff Book No. 2 . .. 347 . 159-Kenya Royal Instructions, 1958 East African Railways and Harbours-Tenders . 347 . The Registration of Titles Ordinance-Issue of Pro- (Published as a Special Issue or1 5th April, 1958) visional Certificate . 347 The Native Lands Trust Ordinance-Setting Apart of Land . 348 SUPPLEMENT No. 24 The Crow11 Lands Ordinance-Repossssion of Plot . 348 (Legislative Supplement) ?he African District Councils Oidinance, 1950-Appoint- LEGALNOTICE No. PAGE merit to Nandi Joint Board . 348 160-The Kenya (Constitution) Order in Council, The African Christian Marriage and Divorce Ordin- 1958-Proclamation .
    [Show full text]
  • THE EVOLUTION of AIR LAW M KENYA and Ïïs CURRENT CHALLENGES
    - THE EVOLUTION OF AIR LAW m KENYA AND ïïS CURRENT CHALLENGES by Capt. Hannington horOkumu LL.B. - University of Nairobi, Kenya A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial Nfillment of the requirements of the de- of Master of Laws (LLM.) The Institute of Air and Space Law McGüI University Montreal, Quebec, Canada August 1996 @HanningtonOwuor Okumu 1996 National Library BiMiithèque nationale du Canach Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 39S WdiiiStreet 395. rue Wemgkm ûîtawaffl K1AôïU4 Omwaûiü K1AW Canade CaMda The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence ailowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur consewe la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otheTWIse de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT This thesis examines the historical evolution of air law in Kenya, its content and current challenges. Part One is a historical introduction designed to provide a brief background howledge and information necessary for a proper understanding of the geo- political and socio-economic foundation of air law in Kenya.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Assent in Victoria
    Royal Assent in Victoria # Kate Murray * In October 2005 the Governor of Victoria withheld the royal assent from a bill on advice from the Premier. This caused private concern for parliamentary staff, outspoken complaints from some members of Parliament and even somewhat of a media frenzy — well a frenzy relative to the usual media attention paid to parliamentary procedure. The withholding of assent led to a range of questions. What exactly is the legal and constitutional basis for royal assent in Victoria? How has the procedure for giving assent changed over the 150 year history of the Parliament of Victoria? What are the roles of the clerk of the parliaments, the governor and the executive in the process and, in particular, who can and should advise the governor? This paper will attempt to answer some of those questions and examine a range of situations in which there have been difficulties with the royal assent process in Victoria. New comers to the Victorian Constitution might be surprised to find that it is not a ‘how to’ on democracy in Victoria. Much of what happens in the three branches of government and the relationships between them is left unsaid. 1 Instead the traditions of the Westminster system, together with various adaptations developed during the 150 years of responsible government in Victoria, are followed. And so it is with the process for royal assent. Royal assent is one of the stages of making a law in Victoria. It occurs when the governor, on behalf of the Queen, approves a bill that has been passed by both Houses of Parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reluctant Colonization of the Falkland Islands, 1833-1851 : A
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Master's Theses Student Research 12-2008 The elucr tant colonization of the Falkland Islands, 1833-1851 : a study of British Imperialism in the Southwest Atlantic Shannon Warnick Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses Recommended Citation Warnick, Shannon, "The er luctant colonization of the Falkland Islands, 1833-1851 : a study of British Imperialism in the Southwest Atlantic" (2008). Master's Theses. Paper 702. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT THE RELUCTANT COLONIZATION OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS 1833-1851: A STUDY OF BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN THE SOUTHWEST ATLANTIC By: Shannon Warnick For the Degree, Master of Arts in History University of Richmond December 2008 Dr. John L. Gordon, Jr., Thesis Director After the Napoleonic Wars, British leaders increasingly objected to large burdensome formal annexations. Hence, when South American markets opened in the 1820s British leaders considered using nearby island bases to ward off regional rivals. Britain therefore occupied the Falkland Islands in 1833. Despite governing the world’s strongest industrial and naval power however, British leaders neglected the Falklands’ progress as a colony from 1833 to 1851. Dogmatic faith in “efficiency” and free trade in the 1840s led to modest commercial progress by largely unfettered private interests in the islands, but led to little improvement in defense or society.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report of the Colonies, Kenya, 1925
    FE0 COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL; No. .1881. LONY & PROTECTORATE OF KENYA. REPORT FOR 1925. Reports for 1923 and J924 see Not. 1227 and 1282, respectively {Price 1$. each).] LONDON: AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE ased directly irom H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addrcMeai tral House, Kingaway, London, W.C.z j iao» George Street, Edinburgh} York Street, Manchester* i, St. Andrew*! Crescent, Cardiff? 15, Donegal! Square West, Belfast * oi through any Bookseller* I926. Price Is. Net INDEX. I. GEOGRAPHICAL NOTK II.—GENERAL OBSBRVATXONC • * Measures for the Improvement of Native Conditions Public Health Vital Statistics Migration III.—GOVERNMENT FINANCE IV.—TRADE AND AGRICULTURE Imports Exerts Agriculture V.—LAND Mines Forests VI.—LEGISLATION VII,—EDUCATION VIII.—COMMUNICATIONS Railways and Marine Shipping Roads Posts and Telegraphs XiX«~^CLXMATK . > • % APPENDIX I.—Principal Domestic Exports APPENDIX II.—Exports of Native Origin No. 1321 EPORT ON THE COLONY AND PROTECTORATE OF KENYA FOR THE YEAR 1925.* I. Geographical Note. On 29th June, 1925, in pursuance of a treaty between the lited Kingdom and Italy signed at London on 15th July, 1924, e Province of Jubaland, an area of 36,740 square miles, was ded to Italy, The area of the Colony and Protectorate was ereby reduced from 245,060 to 208,320 square miles. During e latter half of the year, the new boundary between British A Italian territory was under demarcation by a Boundary mmissior?. n. General Observations, [I On 10th February, Sir Robert Thorne Coryndon, K.C.M.G., to had been Governor and Commander-in-Chief since 1st fctember, 1922, died in Nairobi.
    [Show full text]
  • Prerogative Legislation As the Paradigm of Bad Law- Making: the Chagos Islands
    Institute of Advanced Legal Studies School of Advanced Study University of London Ronan Cormacain Prerogative Legislation as the Paradigm of Bad Law- Making: The Chagos Islands LLM 2011-2012 LLM in Advanced Legislative Studies (ALS) F1059 Prerogative Legislation as the Paradigm of Bad Law-Making: The Chagos Islands 1 F1059 Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction and Background ........................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 3 Historical background ............................................................................................................ 3 Legal Background .................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 2 – Poor Quality Legislation .................................................................................... 6 Clarity .................................................................................................................................... 6 Precision ................................................................................................................................. 7 Ambiguity .............................................................................................................................. 8 Plain language ........................................................................................................................ 9 Gender Neutral
    [Show full text]