DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation of Eelgrass Mitigation and Fishery Enhancement Structures in San Diego Bay, California

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluation of Eelgrass Mitigation and Fishery Enhancement Structures in San Diego Bay, California BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 78(1): 115–131, 2006 EValuation of EelGrass MitiGation anD FisHerY ENHancement Structures in San DieGO BAY, California Daniel J. Pondella, II, Larry G. Allen, Matthew T. Craig, and Brooke Gintert ABSTRACT To offset habitat loss and increase fishery production, an eelgrass mitigation habi- tat was completed in San Diego Bay, California in 1997. This mitigation effort con- sisted of the transplantation of eelgrass, Zostera marina L., in the western portion of the bay. In addition to the establishment of a new eelgrass bed, four enhancement reefs made of either quarry rock or concrete rubble were created to further enhance fishery stocks and the area’s ecosystem. Two design criteria and a direct comparison between quarry rock and concrete reefs were examined in this 5-yr pilot program. The newly created eelgrass habitat quickly performed at the level of the existing eelgrass bed. The overall analysis found that the mitigation eelgrass habitat was not significantly different from the reference eelgrass habitat in terms of fishes. Neither reef material (quarry rock or concrete rubble) nor original reef design influenced fish utilization. In addition, aspects of fishery enhancement were examined on the enhancement reefs using three target species of Paralabrax (Perciformes: Serra- nidae). Resource utilization differed among these congeners with differing levels of production. Using enhancement reefs and eelgrass transplantation, enhancement and mitigation goals were achieved in San Diego Bay. Mitigation and enhancement to restore and offset habitat loss in estuaries contin- ues at an increasing pace throughout the world. This is necessary due to the world- wide degradation and loss of these habitats and, in particular, the characteristic seagrasses found in estuaries (Short and Wyllie-Echeverria, 1996). This necessity is acute in southern California where approximately 90% of coastal wetlands have been lost (Zedler et al., 2001). This loss is of great concern since these areas act as impor- tant nursery areas for many nearshore fishes (Allen et al., 2002), as they do in other areas of the world (Pollard, 1984). Recently, long-term monitoring programs of fin- fish in southern California have found that offshore artificial reefs can be productive at or above the levels of natural reefs (Pondella et al., 2002; Stephens and Pondella, 2002). While mitigation continues to be a critical component of various artificial reef programs (Ambrose, 1994), the fisheries production aspect of artificial reefs has been used to offset or mitigate for habitat loss in various estuarine systems (Davis, 1985; Feigenbaum et al., 1989; Bortone et al., 1994; Kennish et al., 2002). Here we assess the combination of these two enhancement techniques in San Diego Bay, California. To offset habitat loss and increase fishery production, an eelgrass mitigation habi- tat was completed in San Diego Bay, California in 1997. This mitigation effort con- sisted of the transplantation of eelgrass, Zostera marina L., in the lower portion of the bay. In addition to the establishment of a new eelgrass bed, four enhancement reefs made of either quarry rock or concrete rubble were created as a pilot study for enhancement of fishery stocks and the area’s ecosystem. In this experiment two types of reef material and two design criteria of the reef modules were examined. For the four reef modules there were two shape designs; two reefs had a mixed boulder Bulletin of Marine Science 115 © 2006 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami 116 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 78, NO. 1, 2006 and cobble design (small cobble was placed on the upper perimeter between the reefs and eelgrass) versus reefs with only boulders. The second experiment was a com- parison between concrete materials and quarry rock reefs. Quarry rock has been the artificial reef building material of choice in California due to its environmental acceptability (Lewis and McKee, 1989; Deysher et al., 2002). TheD epartment of Fish and Game in California has strict guidelines for the use of concrete materials in the marine environment due to environmental concerns. This is the first experiment in California that tests these two substrates against each other in a paired design. The first objective of this multifaceted study was the description of the fishes asso- ciated with the eelgrass transplant area, the enhancement structures, and associated habitats. This was necessary not only to understand the dynamics of the target fish species populations on the enhancement reefs and in the eelgrass, but also to ad- dress these dynamics on a larger spatial scale, in particular the assemblage structure among the reefs, the eelgrass bed, and surrounding soft bottom habitats. Beginning in September 1997, immediately following reef construction and eelgrass planting, the fish enhancement structures, eelgrass transplant area, and surrounding soft bot- tom habitats were monitored regularly for 5 yrs by SCUBA divers. Concomitant with this monitoring, two reference sites, the closest naturally occurring eelgrass bed and the nearest rocky-reef, were also surveyed. In development of this mitigation effort, these reef designs had the goal of fisheries enhancement. Few studies have demonstrated localized stock enhancement for arti- ficial reefs (Polovina and Sakai, 1989; Pondella et al., 2002) due to the required syn- thesis of multiple life history parameters (Bohnsack, 1989; Polovina, 1991; Carr and Hixon, 1997; Osenberg et al., 2002). However, in southern California various aspects of fish production including gonadal and somatic growth D( e Martini et al., 1994), larval production (Stephens and Pondella, 2002), and the production of juvenile and adult fishes (Pondella et al., 2002) have been demonstrated. It is with this background that the recruitment, utilization, and production of fishery species were addressed. Materials and Methods Description of the Study Area.—San Diego Bay lies a short distance north of the Mex- ican border and is the largest estuary south of San Francisco Bay in California (Fig. 1; Allen et al., 2002). The study site (Fig. 2) is found at the mouth of the bay and consists of four reef modules (reefs 1–4) set on the slope of the channel (dimensions given in Table 1). The shallow reaches of these reefs are at a depth of 4 m and they slope to a depth of 8 m. Reef height is ≤ 1 m with the exception of reef 3 where there is a single 2 m pile of material along the northern portion of the reef. The outer two reefs (reefs 1 and 4) were formed in a “horseshoe design,” which consisted of cobble added along their upper perimeter in the shape of a horseshoe. Reefs 1 and 3 were constructed of quarry rock while reefs 2 and 4 were constructed with re- cycled concrete blocks. Between the channel and the shoreline is the eelgrass transplant area (eelgrass enhancement). Zostera marina was transplanted into this area in fall 1997. Three sand bottom habitats (sands 5–7) that lie between the four reefs were also surveyed. Directly across the bay proximate to Shelter Island there is a shoal on which a persistent eelgrass bed was found and used as a reference (eelgrass reference). Both eelgrass habitats were at an average depth of 2 m. The other reference in the study was the submerged Zuniga Jetty that borders the outer channel of the harbor directly across from Pt. Loma. Zostera marina was successfully transplanted in the mitigation site at the onset of this study and it quickly developed into a lush eelgrass bed that persisted throughout the 5-yr period. Similarly, the four enhancement reefs were quickly colonized by Laminaria farlowii PONDELLA, II ET AL.: EELGRASS AND FISHERY ENHANCEMENT IN SAN DIEGO BAY 117 Figure 1. Locations of the fishery mitigation site, including the eelgrass transplant area and the fishery enhancement structures. The eelgrass control area proximate to Shelter Island and the rocky reef control, Zuniga Jetty, across the channel from Pt. Loma are also depicted. Setch. (Phaeophyta). This alga was the dominant macrophyte in this system and blanketed the reefs. Other important phaeophytes were Sargassum muticum Yendo, present in the win- ters creating dense mats and Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) Agardh, which was present at low densities throughout the study. Macrocystis pyrifera would also intermittently raft into the study site and become snared upon the reefs. The chlorophyte, Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, was also present in low numbers. The reefs were also quickly colonized by Panuli- rus interruptus (J. W. Randall, 1840). Lobsters were the most prevalent macroinvertebrates throughout the study and were routinely observed in high densities on the reefs and they also frequented the eelgrass habitats. Overall, these newly created habitats were quickly colonized and remained healthy for the duration of the study. The location of the study site at the mouth of San Diego Bay precluded sampling during periods of high tidal flow. In addition to having limited visibility during slack tides, there was significant turbidity on numerous occasions, which precluded sampling. The lower bay, including the channel immediately proximate to the study site, was dredged from the fall of 1997 to the beginning of the summer 1998. The upper bay was also dredged during the winter of 2000–01, precluding sampling during this period. Visibility was generally better on flood- ing tides due to the tidal flooding of offshore waters.H owever, the offshore water in SanD iego can be quite turbid during periods of high runoff and large swells, further complicating vis- ibility problems. Finding appropriate conditions for sampling was problematic. Fish Surveys.—The protocols for surveying fishes were modeled after previously described techniques utilized in the southern California bight (Terry and Stephens, 1976; Stephens and Zerba, 1981; Stephens et al., 1984, 1994). Using the belt transect technique fishes observed 1 m to either side of the divers were identified to the lowest taxon possible and counted by age class; adults (A), subadults (S), and young-of-year (YOY).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Paralabrax Nebulifer) in Nearshore Waters Off Northern San Diego County
    ROBERTS ET AL.: FEEDING HABITS OF BARRED SAND BASS CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXV, 1984 THE FEEDING HABITS OF JUVENILE-SMALL ADULT BARRED SAND BASS (PARALABRAX NEBULIFER) IN NEARSHORE WATERS OFF NORTHERN SAN DIEGO COUNTY DALE A. ROBERTS‘, EDWARD E. DeMARTINI’, AND KENNETH M. PLUMMER2 Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara, California 93106 ABSTRACT pelecipodos y peces epibent6nicos. Estas observa- The feeding habits of juvenile-small adult barred ciones no concuerdan con estudios previos, 10s cuales sand bass (Purulubrax nebulifer) are described, based consideran a la anchoveta del norte, Engruulis mor- on 165 specimens 123-523 mm standard length (SL) dux, como el elemento mas importante en la dieta de collected between San Onofre and Oceanside, Califor- P. nebulifer de tallas similares a las analizadas durante nia, at depths ranging from 8 to 30 m. Collections esta estudio. La dieta de P. nebulifer pequeiios (< 240 were made during an annual cycle from March 1981 to mm de longitud esthndar) es distinta debido a la pre- March 1982. sencia de crustaceos (misidaceos y antipodos gamir- The diet of the barred sand bass indicates that it idos), mientras que 10s ejemplares grandes (> 320 forages in close proximity to the substrate. Brachyuran mm LE) consumieron presas grandes como Porich- crabs, mysids, pelecypods, and epibenthic fishes were thys notutus (80-160 mm LE) y Octopus. P. nebulifer the most important prey. These findings are contrary de talla mediana (240-320 mm LE) contenian en su to previous studies, which found northern anchovy est6mago presas similares a las consumidas por 10s (Engruulis mordux) to be of major importance in the ejemplares grandes y pequeiios.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the California Data-Limited Fisheries Project: Integrating MSE Into the Management of California State Fisheries
    Report on the California Data-Limited Fisheries Project: Integrating MSE into the Management of California State Fisheries July 2020 Introduction Over the past five years, California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) has made a substantial investment of resources in integrating management strategy evaluation (MSE) into the science and management of California state fisheries. The initial phase of the project, beginning in July 2015, used a stakeholder process to demonstrate how MSE could be used to manage data-limited fisheries in the state through the application of the Data-Limited Methods Toolkit (DLMtool). Four fisheries were analyzed as case studies for that phase of the project: Barred Sand Bass, California Halibut, Red Sea Urchin, and Warty Sea Cucumber. This led to the incorporation of MSE into the revised 2018 Master Plan for Fisheries (Master Plan) and laid the groundwork for continued collaboration with CDFW to build the scientific capacity of its staff and to apply MSE to additional fisheries. The current phase of the project, beginning in February 2018, included a series of webinars and workshops with a group of six CDFW biologists and managers to train them in basic fishery population dynamics modeling and the fundamentals of MSE using the DLMtool. The second component of the project involved developing new or updated MSEs for eight fisheries, including the four from the initial phase of the project and the following additional fisheries: Kelp Bass, Rock Crab, Spiny Lobster, and Redtail Surfperch. The eight fisheries were chosen because they represent a range of life histories and data availability. The outputs of these MSEs, which have been submitted to CDFW for review as of the date of this report, will be used to understand the tradeoffs and levels of uncertainty with the current management frameworks for each fishery and how they perform in both the short- and long-term.
    [Show full text]
  • Paralabrax, Pisces, Serranidae)
    BUTLER ET AL.: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THREE SEA BASSES CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXm, 1982 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THREE CALIFORNIA SEA BASSES (PARALABRAX, PISCES, SERRANIDAE) JOHN L BUTLER, H. GEOFFREY MOSER, GREGORY S. HAGEMAN. AND LAYNE E. NORDGREN National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administraticm Depaltrnent of Biological Suencas National Marine Fisheries Service Universiiy of Southern CaMornia thnhwest Fishecies Center universily Park La Jdla, California 92038 Lw Angeles, California 90007 ABSTRACT was known from Cedros Island south to Cab San Eggs, larvae, and juveniles of kelp bass, Parala- Lucas and the Gulf of California (Fitch and Shultz bra clathratus, barred sand bass, P. nebulifer, and 1978). Larvae of Paralabrax sp. have been illustrated spotted sand bass, P. rnaculatofasciatus, are described by Kendall (1979) from CalCOFI specimens, which from specimens reared in the laboratory and from we have identified as P. clathratus. All three species specimens collected in the field. Eggs of spotted sand are found in nearshore areas from the surface to about bass'are 0.80-0.89 mm in diameter; eggs of kelp bass 600 feet (Miller and Lea 1972). and barred sand bass are 0.94-0.97 mm in diameter. The kelp and sand basses combined rank second in Larvae and juveniles of the three species may be dis- the California sport fish catch (Oliphant 1979). Iden- tinguished by differences in pigmentation during most tifying these three species in ichthyoplankton collec- stages of development. Larvae of the two species of tions may be important in monitoring population sand bass are indistinguishable during notochord changes and assessing the impact of human activities flexion.
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title A historical perspective of California recreational fisheries using a new database of "trophy" fish records (1966-2013), combined with fisheries analyses of three species in the genus Paralabrax Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g40s1h0 Author Bellquist, Lyall F. Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO A historical perspective of California recreational fisheries using a new database of “trophy” fish records (1966-2013), combined with fisheries analyses of three species in the genus Paralabrax A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Biology by Lyall F. Bellquist Committee in charge: Brice Semmens, Chair Richard Carson David Checkley Philip Hastings Ed Parnell 2015 Copyright Lyall F. Bellquist, 2015 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Lyall F. Bellquist is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San
    [Show full text]
  • Common Fishes of California
    COMMON FISHES OF CALIFORNIA Updated July 2016 Blue Rockfish - SMYS Sebastes mystinus 2-4 bands around front of head; blue to black body, dark fins; anal fin slanted Size: 8-18in; Depth: 0-200’+ Common from Baja north to Canada North of Conception mixes with mostly with Olive and Black R.F.; South with Blacksmith, Kelp Bass, Halfmoons and Olives. Black Rockfish - SMEL Sebastes melanops Blue to blue-back with black dots on their dorsal fins; anal fin rounded Size: 8-18 in; Depth: 8-1200’ Common north of Point Conception Smaller eyes and a bit more oval than Blues Olive/Yellowtail Rockfish – OYT Sebastes serranoides/ flavidus Several pale spots below dorsal fins; fins greenish brown to yellow fins Size: 10-20in; Depth: 10-400’+ Midwater fish common south of Point Conception to Baja; rare north of Conception Yellowtail R.F. is a similar species are rare south of Conception, while being common north Black & Yellow Rockfish - SCHR Sebastes chrysomelas Yellow blotches of black/olive brown body;Yellow membrane between third and fourth dorsal fin spines Size: 6-12in; Depth: 0-150’ Common central to southern California Inhabits rocky areas/crevices Gopher Rockfish - SCAR Sebastes carnatus Several small white blotches on back; Pale blotch extends from dorsal spine onto back Size: 6-12 in; Depth: 8-180’ Common central California Inhabits rocky areas/crevice. Territorial Copper Rockfish - SCAU Sebastes caurinus Wide, light stripe runs along rear half on lateral line Size:: 10-16in; Depth: 10-600’ Inhabits rocky reefs, kelpbeds,
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of the Blob on Settlement of Spotted Sand Bass, Paralabrax Maculatofasciatus, to Mission Bay, San Diego, CA
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Effects of the Blob on settlement of spotted sand bass, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, to Mission Bay, San Diego, CA Anthony Basilio1, Steven Searcy1*, Andrew R. Thompson2 1 Environmental and Ocean Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America, 2 Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries Service, La Jolla, California, United States of America * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 The West Coast of the United States experienced variable and sometimes highly unusual oceanographic conditions between 2012 and 2015. In particular, a warm mass of surface water known as the Pacific Warm Anomaly (popularly as ªThe Blobº) impinged on southern California in 2014, and warm-water conditions remained during the 2015 El Niño. We exam- OPEN ACCESS ine how this oceanographic variability affected delivery and individual characteristics of lar- Citation: Basilio A, Searcy S, Thompson AR (2017) val spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus) to an estuarine nursery habitat in Effects of the Blob on settlement of spotted sand southern California. To quantify P. maculatofasciatus settlement patterns, three larval col- bass, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, to Mission Bay, San Diego, CA. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0188449. lectors were installed near the mouth of Mission Bay, San Diego CA, and retrieved weekly https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188449 from June±October of 2012±2015. During `Blob` conditions in 2014 and 2015, lower settle- Editor: Heather M. Patterson, Department of ment rates of spotted sand bass were associated with higher sea surface temperature and Agriculture and Water Resources, AUSTRALIA lower wind speed, chlorophyll a (chl a) and upwelling.
    [Show full text]
  • Revision Draft
    MSC Pre-assessment of the Trap and Handline Finfish Fishery in El Rosario, Baja California, Mexico Prepared for: Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Ensenada S.C.L. Prepared by: Francisco Fernández Rivera Melo (COBI) Alesa Flores Guzmán (COBI) Jose Francisco Chávez (COBI) Reviewed by: Mónica Valle-Esquivel, Jodi Bostrom, Erin Wilson (MRAG Americas) Report Validated by: MRAG Americas Inc. April, 2020 Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C. Calle Isla del Peruano #215 Colonia Lomas de Miramar Guaymas, Sonora, México, CP 85448 Correo electrónico [email protected] (información) Report by Comunidad y Biodiversidad, AC Validated by (CAB) MRAG Americas Inc. Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Ensenada S.C.L. Fishery client Assessment Type Comprehensive pre-assessment Project code US2647_COBI_MX_PA_Validation Version 3.0 Francisco Javier Fernández Rivera-Melo Prepared by Alesa Flores Guzmán José Francisco Chávez Monica Valle-Esquivel, Jodi Bostrom, Erin Wilson (MRAG Reviewed by Americas) Approved by Amanda Stern-Pirlot 2 1 Contents 1 Contents .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Tables index .......................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Figures index ......................................................................................................... 6 2 Glossary ........................................................................................................... 7 3 Executive summary .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 655 Appendix G
    APPENDIX G: GLOSSARY Appendix G-1. Demersal Fish Species Alphabetized by Species Name. ....................................... G1-1 Appendix G-2. Demersal Fish Species Alphabetized by Common Name.. .................................... G2-1 Appendix G-3. Invertebrate Species Alphabetized by Species Name.. .......................................... G3-1 Appendix G-4. Invertebrate Species Alphabetized by Common Name.. ........................................ G4-1 G-1 Appendix G-1. Demersal Fish Species Alphabetized by Species Name. Demersal fish species collected at depths of 2-484 m on the southern California shelf and upper slope, July-October 2008. Species Common Name Agonopsis sterletus southern spearnose poacher Anchoa compressa deepbody anchovy Anchoa delicatissima slough anchovy Anoplopoma fimbria sablefish Argyropelecus affinis slender hatchetfish Argyropelecus lychnus silver hachetfish Argyropelecus sladeni lowcrest hatchetfish Artedius notospilotus bonyhead sculpin Bathyagonus pentacanthus bigeye poacher Bathyraja interrupta sandpaper skate Careproctus melanurus blacktail snailfish Ceratoscopelus townsendi dogtooth lampfish Cheilotrema saturnum black croaker Chilara taylori spotted cusk-eel Chitonotus pugetensis roughback sculpin Citharichthys fragilis Gulf sanddab Citharichthys sordidus Pacific sanddab Citharichthys stigmaeus speckled sanddab Citharichthys xanthostigma longfin sanddab Cymatogaster aggregata shiner perch Embiotoca jacksoni black perch Engraulis mordax northern anchovy Enophrys taurina bull sculpin Eopsetta jordani
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Biology of Three California Species of Paralabrax (Pisces: Serranidae)
    ODA ET AL.: REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF PARALABRAX CalCOFl Rep., Vol. 34,1993 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THREE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF PARALABRAX (PISCES: SERRANIDAE) DEBRA L. ODA, ROBERT J. LAVENBERG, ANDJAMES M. ROUNDS Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Section of Fishes 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90007 ABSTRACT toginico; 10s patrones reproductivos de las otras dos Paralabvax clathvatus, l? maculatofasciatus, and I? ne- especies son poco claros. bul$ev, common off California, spawn in the warm summer months. All three species are capable of INTRODUCTION daily spawning, but our data indicate that the mean Three species of Paralabrax are common in the interval between spawning events is about two days. waters off southern California: l? clathratus (kelp In general, l? clathvatus and l? maculatofasciatus appear bass) and I? nebul$ev (sand bass) in nearshore coastal to spawn most frequently in the late afternoon and waters, and l? maculatofasciatus (spotted sand bass) in evening hours; l? nebul$ev may spawn most often at harbors and bays. Paralabrax nebul$efev and l? clathratus midday. Our data indicate that batch fecundity (BF, have been recognized as important game fish in number of eggs) is approximately related to the southern California since 1916 (Collyer 1949). They ovary-free body weight (OFW, grams) of l? clathva- remain one of the most frequent catches for sport- tus, according to the equation log,, BF = 0.91*log1, fishers, ranking second and third, respectively, in OFW + 5.26 (n = 25). Preliminary data are pro- number of fish taken in the state in 1989 (Oliphant vided that relate batch fecundity to ovary-free body 1990), weight in I? maculatofasciatus and I? nebulgefev.
    [Show full text]
  • California Fish and Game “Conservation of Wild Life Through Education”
    Spring 2014 175 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME “Conservation of Wild Life Through Education” Volume 100 Spring 2014 Number 2 Special Marine Issue CDFW Photo by Matt Elyash CDFW Photo by Derek Stein CDFW Photo by Derek Stein CDFW Photo by Derek Stein CDFW Photo by Derek Stein Published Quarterly by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife 176 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME Vol. 100, No. 2 FRONTISPIECE.—The first issue ofCalifornia Fish and Game was published in October, 1914. Volume 1 consisted of a total of 5 issues, four of which were published in 1915. Publication has occurred on a quarterly basis beginning with volume 2 in 1916. Spring 2014 177 VOLUME 100 SPRING 2014 NUMBER 2 Published Quarterly by STATE OF CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE ISSN: 0008-1078 (print) ISSN: 2331-0405 (online) --LDA-- 178 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME Vol. 100, No. 2 STATE OF CALIFORNIA Jerry Brown, Governor CALIFORNIA NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY John Laird, Secretary for Natural Resources FISH AND GAME COMMISSION Michael Sutton, President Jack Baylis, Vice President Jim Kellogg, Member Richard B. Rogers, Member Jacque Hostler-Carmesin, Member Sonke Mastrup, Executive Director DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE Charlton “Chuck” Bonham, Director CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITORIAL STAFF Vern Bleich ........................................................................................Editor-in-Chief Debra Hamilton ............ Office of Communication, Education and Outreach -AVU Jeff Villepique, Steve Parmenter ........................................... Inland Deserts Region Scott Osborn, Laura Patterson, Levi Souza, Joel Trumbo ............... Wildlife Branch Dave Lentz, Kevin Shaffer ............................................................. Fisheries Branch Peter Kalvass, Nina Kogut .................................................................Marine Region James Harrington .......................................Office of Spill Prevention and Response Cherilyn Burton .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • DRAFT 9/10/10 University of Southern California Sea Grant Report
    8 DRAFT 9/10/10 University of Southern California Sea Grant Report Project Title: THE IMPACT OF INTENSE RECREATIONAL FISHING PRESSURE ON SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS OF BARRED SAND BASS (PARALABRAX NEBULIFER) OFF THE LOS ANGELES METROPOLITAN AREA PHASE I - FEASIBILITY: CAN WE ACCURATELY DETERMINE THE STANDING STOCK OF BARRED SAND BASS IN THE AGGREGATION AREA? Larry G. Allen, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Director, Southern California Marine Institute and Professor of Biology California State University, Northridge 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • We tested the feasibility of using an innovative approach that will prove to be an extremely valuable technique for all future stock assessments of coastal pelagic species off southern California. We conducted a hydroacoustic (sonar) assessment of barred sand bass standing stock (abundance and biomass) using high resolution split beam sonar verified by both rod and reel sampling over sonar targets and underwater video observations. Simply put, we plan to visually identify conspicuous acoustic targets, identify these targets with both rod and reel sampling and underwater video towed by the research vessel. Once a target is verified (e.g., as an aggregation of barred sand bass), its target strength can be related quantitatively to abundance and biomass. • The feasibility phase of this study was conducted over five days in July (peak spawning months for barred sand bass) of 2010 over the 20-30m depth contour at Huntington Flats. Each day the sampling, area was easily determined by the positioning of the sport fishing fleet including Commercial Passenger Sportfishing Vessels (CPFVs) and private vessels targeting sand bass from San Pedro, Long Beach and Newport Beach.
    [Show full text]
  • Perplexing Problems of Sexual Patterns in the Fish Genus
    J. Zool., Lond. (2005) 267, 121–133 C 2005 The Zoological Society of London Printed in the United Kingdom doi:10.1017/S0952836905007466 Perplexing problems of sexual patterns in the fish genus Paralabrax (Serranidae, Serraninae) Yvonne Sadovy1* and Michael L. Domeier2 1 Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China 2 Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research, 901-B Pier View Way, Oceanside, CA 92054, U.S.A. (Accepted 14 February 2005) Abstract For 40 years there have been problems in diagnosing sexual patterns in the serranid genus Paralabrax. Difficulties stem from a combination of factors including terminology, histological and morphological characteristics, and the complex inter-relationships in the Serranidae between gonad morphology, phylogenetic position and gonad function. A detailed study of four species of Paralabrax: P. maculatofasciatus, P. nebulifer, P. auroguttatus and P.clathratus, clarifies the problems and improves the diagnosis of sexual pattern in the Serranidae, and for similar families that do not have distinct morphologies for primary- and secondarily-derived males. An hypothesis was developed to account for the multiple appearance of gonochorism in the Serranidae, better known for its widespread hermaphroditism. Key words: Serranidae, sexual pattern, hermaphroditism, Paralabrax INTRODUCTION inversion (secondary male) or has been born as a male (primary male)’ (our italics). Indeed, in many families The family Serranidae is well-known for its diverse and species, such as certain labrids, scarids, several expressions of sexual pattern in the wild, which range synbranchids and in Rivulus marmoratus (Harrington, from gonochorism (separate sexes) to simultaneous 1967, 1971; Liem, 1968), primary and secondary males hermaphroditism and various forms of protogyny (female can be readily distinguished histologically because of to male sex change).
    [Show full text]