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2014 North Atlantic Hurricane Season Review
2014 North Atlantic Hurricane Season Review WHITEPAPER Executive Summary The 2014 Atlantic hurricane season was a quiet season, closing with eight 2014 marks the named storms, six hurricanes, and two major hurricanes (Category 3 or longest period on stronger). record – nine Forecast groups predicted that the formation of El Niño and below consecutive years average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Atlantic Main – that no major Development Region (MDR)1 through the season would inhibit hurricanes made development in 2014, leading to a below average season. While 2014 landfall over the was indeed quiet, these predictions didn’t materialize. U.S. The scientific community has attributed the low activity in 2014 to a number of oceanic and atmospheric conditions, predominantly anomalously low Atlantic mid-level moisture, anomalously high tropical Atlantic subsidence (sinking air) in the Main Development Region (MDR), and strong wind shear across the Caribbean. Tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin was also influenced by below average activity in the 2014 West African monsoon season, which suppressed the development of African easterly winds. The year 2014 marks the longest period on record – nine consecutive years since Hurricane Wilma in 2005 – that no major hurricanes made landfall over the U.S., and also the ninth consecutive year that no hurricane made landfall over the coastline of Florida. The U.S. experienced only one landfalling hurricane in 2014, Hurricane Arthur. Arthur made landfall over the Outer Banks of North Carolina as a Category 2 hurricane on July 4, causing minor damage. While Mexico and Central America were impacted by two landfalling storms and the Caribbean by three, Bermuda suffered the most substantial damage due to landfalling storms in 2014.Hurricane Fay and Major Hurricane Gonzalo made landfall on the island within a week of each other, on October 12 and October 18, respectively. -
Hurricane and Tropical Storm
State of New Jersey 2014 Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 5. Risk Assessment 5.8 Hurricane and Tropical Storm 2014 Plan Update Changes The 2014 Plan Update includes tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surge in this hazard profile. In the 2011 HMP, storm surge was included in the flood hazard. The hazard profile has been significantly enhanced to include a detailed hazard description, location, extent, previous occurrences, probability of future occurrence, severity, warning time and secondary impacts. New and updated data and figures from ONJSC are incorporated. New and updated figures from other federal and state agencies are incorporated. Potential change in climate and its impacts on the flood hazard are discussed. The vulnerability assessment now directly follows the hazard profile. An exposure analysis of the population, general building stock, State-owned and leased buildings, critical facilities and infrastructure was conducted using best available SLOSH and storm surge data. Environmental impacts is a new subsection. 5.8.1 Profile Hazard Description A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2013a). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E1745 HON
September 24, 2010 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1745 HONORING SUE PALKA It is important to recognize ways in which September 30, at the peak of hurricane sea- average investors of all ages and income lev- son. Madam Speaker, distinguished col- HON. CHRIS VAN HOLLEN els can access the same benefits as large real leagues, I ask you today to join me in passing OF MARYLAND estate investors. I stand with my colleague in this bill. However, we must dedicate ourselves IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commending the 50th anniversary of Real Es- to finding a permanent solution for those tate Investment Trusts, and 50 years of pro- Americans adversely affected by flooding. The Friday, September 24, 2010 viding a broad range of investors an oppor- people of my district need a long-term exten- Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Madam Speaker, on tunity to achieve the investment goals of diver- sion of the flood insurance program—and they Monday, September 27, 2010, one of my con- sification, strong and reliable dividends, liquid- need to know that the flood insurance program stituents will be celebrating 25 years of out- ity, solid performance, and transparency. will always be there for them. While we are standing service to the Washington, DC met- f working to mitigate the damage caused by ropolitan region. floods, this program remains essential for NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE WTTG Fox 5 News weather forecaster Sue those tragic times when nature takes over. PROGRAM REEXTENSION ACT OF Palka has been bringing Washingtonians their With homes in my district and in every flood- 2010 weather reports for decades. -
Hurricane Strike!
Your Name(s): ____________________________ Hurricane Strike! Goto The Hurricane Strike Learning Module at http://www.meted.ucar.edu/hurrican/strike/index.htm Here’s a youtube introduction to the Hurricane Strike Environment. (5 minutes) (note: the video and this document assume that you are using the multimedia version of this activity. Some students prefer the text version. ) Science Worksheet 1 (select Sunday) Watch the Weather Channel News Flash (on the Castillos’ TV) and look in Storm Track (on the Castillos’ laptop computer) to answer questions 1–3: 1. Where was Tropical Storm Erin at 8:00 PM on Sunday, July 30th? (Fill in the blanks with latitude and longitude numbers and identify N, S, E, or W for each. If you have a tracking chart, plot the location.) Latitude: __ __ . __ N S E W Longitude: __ __ . __ N S E W 2. Which place was closest to the center of Tropical Storm Erin? (identify one) Cuba Florida Mexico The Turks & Caicos 3. Tropical Storm Erin’s winds are gusting to 60 mph. How many kilometers per hour (kph) is that, if 1 mph equals 1.61 kph? _______ kph Look in Hurricanes and tropical Cyclones to answer questions 4–11: 4. Tropical storms that begin in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator form near the … (identify one) Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn 5. Hurricanes can’t strike places in the northern part of the U.S., like New York. (identify one) TRUE FALSE 6. If you lived in Japan, what would you call hurricanes? (Fill in the blank.) _______________________________ 7. -
Shifting Sands Coastal Barrier Island Network
March112, 2009 Coastal Barrier Island Network Volume 1, Issue 1 Shifting Sands Inside this issue: Development of a Research-Management-Outreach Framework for 2 sustaining Coastal Barrier Island Ecosystems: Inaugural Meeting Galveston, TX, January 2009 Lessons Learned from Hurricane Ike (Galveston Island and Boli- 4 var Peninsula): Perspectives of the Coastal Barrier Island Network (CBIN) The 2009 Hurricane Season: A Summary 14 Request For Proposals (2009-2012) 16 Participants in Inaugural Meeting in of CBIN at Galveston, Texas, Jan 3-7,2009. This meeting also allowed a first-hand look at the impacts of Hurricane Ike Hurricane Ike [aɪk] was the third most destructive hurricane to ever make land- fall in the United States. It was the ninth named storm, fifth hurricane and third major hurricane of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Ike also had the high- est IKE (Integrated Kinetic Energy) of any Atlantic storm in history. Top row, L to R: Greg Carter, Dave Thomas, Don Young, Richard Koske, Jim Gibeaut, Karl Nordstrom, and William K. Smith. Middle row, L to R: Stanley Riggs, Nor- bert Psuty, Jennifer Dugan, and Kelly Lucas. Bottom row, L to R: Kam-Biu Liu, Marisa Martinez Vasquez, Amy Wil- liams, Heather Joesting, Jane Gemma, Nicholas Kraus, Nancy Jackson, and Rusty Feagin. Page 2 Shifting Sands Volume 1, Issue 1 Development of a Research-Management-Outreach Framework for Sustaining Coastal Barrier Island Ecosystems: Inaugural Meeting — Galveston, TX, January 2009 Priority questions identified and compiled at the Galveston meeting are as -
Hurricane & Tropical Storm
5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard. -
The Atlantic Hurricane Season Summary – 2014
THE ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON SUMMARY – 2014 SPECIAL FOCUS ON ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (PRELIMINARY) Dale C. S. Destin (follow @anumetservice) Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service Climate Section December 4, 2014 Satellite Image: Hurricane Gonzalo – Oct 13, 12:45 pm 2014 1 The Atlantic Hurricane Season Summary – 2014 Special Focus on Antigua and Barbuda Dale C. S. Destin (follow @anumetservice) Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service Climate Section December 3, 2014 The Season in Brief The 2014 Atlantic hurricane season was relatively quiet generally but relatively average for Antigua. It produced eight (8) named storms. Of the eight (8) storms, six (6) became hurricanes and two reached major hurricane status - category three (3) or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. The strongest tropical cyclone for the season was Major Hurricane Gonzalo with peak winds of 145 mph and minimum pressure of 940 mb (see figure 2). Gonzalo impacted Antigua and Barbuda and most of the other northeast Caribbean islands causing loss of lives and 100s of millions of dollars in damage. Relative to Antigua and Barbuda Relative to Antigua and Barbuda, the rest of the Leeward Islands and the British Virgin Islands, two (2) tropical cyclones entered or formed in our defined monitored area (10N 40W – 10N 55W – 15N 70W – 20N 70W – 20N 55W – 15N 40W – 10N 40W) - Bertha and Gonzalo. Gonzalo impacted the northeast Caribbean with hurricane force winds, passing directly over Antigua, St. Martin and Anguilla. This is the first time since Jose in 1999, Antigua has had sustained hurricane force winds, ending our 14 year hurricane drought. In terms of number of named storms, it was not a quiet season for Antigua but rather an average one; however, with respect to hurricanes, we were a year over due since one affects us every three years on average. -
High-Resolution Hurricane Vector Winds from C-Band Dual-Polarization SAR Observations
272 JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 31 High-Resolution Hurricane Vector Winds from C-Band Dual-Polarization SAR Observations BIAO ZHANG School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China WILLIAM PERRIE Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada JUN A. ZHANG Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida ERIC W. UHLHORN NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida YIJUN HE School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (Manuscript received 21 December 2012, in final form 1 November 2013) ABSTRACT This study presents a new approach for retrieving hurricane surface wind vectors utilizing C-band dual- polarization (VV, VH) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations. The copolarized geophysical model function [C-band model 5.N (CMOD5.N)] and a new cross-polarized wind speed retrieval model for dual polarization [C-band cross-polarized ocean surface wind retrieval model for dual-polarization SAR (C-2POD)] are employed to construct a cost function. Minimization of the cost function allows optimum estimates for the wind speeds and directions. The wind direction ambiguities are removed using a parametric two-dimensional sea surface inflow angle model. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method, two RADARSAT-2 SAR images of Hurricanes Bill and Bertha are analyzed. The retrieved wind speeds and directions are compared with collocated Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) winds, showing good consis- tency. Results suggest that the proposed method has good potential to retrieve hurricane surface wind vectors from dual-polarization SAR observations. -
! 1! NASA's Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) Investigation
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170005486 2019-08-31T16:22:19+00:00Z 1! NASA’s Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) Investigation 2! 3! Scott A. Braun, Paul A. Newman, Gerald M. Heymsfield 4! NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 5! 6! Submitted to Bulletin of the American Meteor. Society 7! October 14, 2015 8! 9! 10! 11! Corresponding author: Scott A. Braun, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 612, 12! Greenbelt, MD 20771 13! Email: [email protected] 14! ! 1! 15! Abstract 16! The National Aeronautics and Space Administrations’s (NASA) Hurricane and Severe Storm 17! Sentinel (HS3) investigation was a multi-year field campaign designed to improve understanding 18! of the physical processes that control hurricane formation and intensity change, specifically the 19! relative roles of environmental and inner-core processes. Funded as part of NASA’s Earth 20! Venture program, HS3 conducted five-week campaigns during the hurricane seasons of 2012-14 21! using the NASA Global Hawk aircraft, along with a second Global Hawk in 2013 and a WB-57f 22! aircraft in 2014. Flying from a base at Wallops Island, Virginia, the Global Hawk could be on 23! station over storms for up to 18 hours off the East Coast of the U.S. to about 6 hours off the 24! western coast of Africa. Over the three years, HS3 flew 21 missions over 9 named storms, along 25! with flights over two non-developing systems and several Saharan Air Layer (SAL) outbreaks. 26! This article summarizes the HS3 experiment, the missions flown, and some preliminary findings 27! related to the rapid intensification and outflow structure of Hurricane Edouard (2014) and the 28! interaction of Hurricane Nadine (2012) with the SAL. -
ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2008*
MAY 2010 A N N U A L S U M M A R Y 1975 ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2008* DANIEL P. BROWN,JOHN L. BEVEN,JAMES L. FRANKLIN, AND ERIC S. BLAKE NOAA/NWS/NCEP, National Hurricane Center, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 27 July 2009, in final form 17 September 2009) ABSTRACT The 2008 Atlantic hurricane season is summarized and the year’s tropical cyclones are described. Sixteen named storms formed in 2008. Of these, eight became hurricanes with five of them strengthening into major hurricanes (category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale). There was also one tropical de- pression that did not attain tropical storm strength. These totals are above the long-term means of 11 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. The 2008 Atlantic basin tropical cyclones produced significant impacts from the Greater Antilles to the Turks and Caicos Islands as well as along portions of the U.S. Gulf Coast. Hurricanes Gustav, Ike, and Paloma hit Cuba, as did Tropical Storm Fay. Haiti was hit by Gustav and adversely affected by heavy rains from Fay, Ike, and Hanna. Paloma struck the Cayman Islands as a major hurricane, while Omar was a major hurricane when it passed near the northern Leeward Islands. Six con- secutive cyclones hit the United States, including Hurricanes Dolly, Gustav, and Ike. The death toll from the Atlantic tropical cyclones is approximately 750. A verification of National Hurricane Center official forecasts during 2008 is also presented. Official track forecasts set records for accuracy at all lead times from 12 to 120 h, and forecast skill was also at record levels for all lead times. -
HURRICANE BERTHA (AL032014) 1 – 6 August 2014
NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT HURRICANE BERTHA (AL032014) 1 – 6 August 2014 Eric Blake National Hurricane Center 23 February 20151 MODIS VISIBLE IMAGE OF BERTHA AT 1750 UTC 4 AUGUST 2014, NEAR THE TIME OF ITS PEAK INTENSITY. IMAGE COURTESY OF NASA. Bertha was a category one hurricane (on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale) that caused flooding, mudslides and power outages in the northeastern Caribbean islands when it passed through as a tropical storm. It also caused two rip-current deaths in the United States. 1 Original report date 18 December 2014. Updated Table 2 for new observations from Martinique on 23 January. Added landfall point for Middle Caicos Island in this update. Hurricane Bertha 2 Hurricane Bertha 1 – 6 AUGUST 2014 SYNOPTIC HISTORY Bertha originated from a tropical wave that moved off of the west coast of Africa on 24 July with limited thunderstorm activity. Convection temporarily increased with the westward- moving wave on 26 July, although there was no organization noted. A more significant burst of convection occurred on 28 July due to a convectively coupled Kelvin wave passing through the region, resulting in a low pressure area forming the following day. However, thunderstorm activity was limited due to northeasterly shear and some drier air. The shear weakened some late on 30 July, and scatterometer data indicate that the system was producing gale-force winds by early on 31 July due to a convective burst. The low finally acquired enough persistent deep convection to be declared a tropical storm at 0000 UTC 1 August, when it was located about 300 n mi east- southeast of Barbados. -
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Hurricane History in North Carolina ashore. Dennis made landfall just below hurricane strength nine inches THE EXPRESS • November 29, 2017 • Page 6 at Cape Lookout on Sept. 4. The storm then moved of rain on the capitol city. Major wind damage and flood- North Carolina is especially at risk of a hurricane hitting through eastern and central North Carolina. It dumped 10 ing were reported along the North Carolina coast. Major the state. Below is a list of tropical storms and hurricanes to 15 inches of rain, causing a lot of flooding in southeastern damage was reported inland through Raleigh. Damages that have caused problems in the state in recent years. North Carolina. Because the storm had stayed off the coast topped $5 billion. Thirty-seven people died from Fran. 2011 Hurricane Irene – August 27. Hurricane Irene for many days, there was a lot of beach erosion and damage 1993 Hurricane Emily - August 31. Hurricane Emily made landfall near Cape Lookout as a Category 1. It to coastal highways. Residents of Hatteras and Ocracoke Is- came ashore as a Category 3 hurricane, but the 30-mile- brought two to four feet of storm surge along parts of the lands were stranded for many days due to damage to High- wide eye stayed just offshore of Cape Hatteras. Damage Outer Banks and up to 15 feet along parts of the Pamlico way 12. Two traffic deaths were credited to the storm. estimates were nearly $13 million. No lives were lost. Sound. Irene caused seven deaths and prompted more • Hurricane Floyd - September 16.