Clingendael Report Civil-Military Capacities for European Security Margriet Drent Kees Homan Dick Zandee Civil-Military Capacities for European Security Civil-Military Capacities for European Security Margriet Drent Kees Homan Dick Zandee © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Image rights: Drone, Binary Code: © Shutterstock.com Search and Rescue squadron: © David Fowler / Shutterstock.com Design: Textcetera, The Hague Print: Gildeprint, Enschede Clingendael Institute P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague The Netherlands Email:
[email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/ Content Executive summary 7 Introduction 11 1 The external-internal security gap 13 2 Case study maritime security 25 3 Case study border security 39 4 Case study cyber security 53 5 Conclusions and recommendations 64 List of acronyms 70 5 Executive summary In the last two decades the European Union has created separated policies, institutions and capacities for external and internal security. In the meantime the world’s security environment has changed fundamentally. Today, it is no longer possible to make a clear distinction between security outside and within Europe. Conflicts elsewhere in the world often have direct spill-over effects, not primarily in terms of military threats but by challenges posed by illegal immigration, terrorism, international crime and illegal trade. Lampedusa has become a synonym for tragedy. Crises and instability in Africa, the Middle East and elsewhere in the world provide breeding grounds for extremism, weapons smuggling, drugs trafficking or kidnapping.