HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732-2009 Fax: + 32 (2) 732-0471 Baroness Catherine Ashton High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Vice-President of the European Commission 242, rue de la Loi B-1049 Brussels Brussels, June 21, 2012 Re: EU-Gulf Cooperation Council Ministerial Meeting, June 25, 2012 Dear High Representative, In advance of the upcoming EU-GCC Ministerial Meeting we write to request that human rights form a significant part of your dialogue with your GCC counterparts. We specifically call on you to make unmistakably clear that progress in strengthening EU-GCC economic and security ties will not be possible without measurable progress in GCC countries, and in particular in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Oman with regard to the continuing harassment and persecution of human rights defenders in those countries and systematic violations of freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly. United Arab Emirates UAE authorities continue to crack down on peaceful dissent by arresting activists, disbanding the elected boards of civil society organizations, and preventing peaceful demonstrations. Human rights defenders and government critics face harassment, imprisonment, and criminal prosecution. The UAE’s penal code criminalizes speech based on broad content-based restrictions, allowing the government to prosecute people for speech critical of the government, in contravention of international standards. UAE authorities are now also using deportations and the revocation of citizenship as a way to silence dissent in the country. In November 2011, the UAE Federal Supreme Court, following a grossly unfair trial, sentenced five Emirati activists (“the UAE 5”) to two and three years each in prison for “publicly insulting” top UAE officials in an internet forum. The five defendants spent nearly eight months in prison after being detained in April 2011, and were only freed after the UAE ruler commuted their sentences on November 28. On May 22, 2012, one of UAE 5, Ahmad Abd al-Khaliq, was rearrested and at this time of writing is being held in an unknown location. Abd al-Khaliq, who is himself stateless (“bidun”), is an advocate for the rights of stateless persons. He has told family members that UAE authorities are threatening to deport him to another country, although he has lived in the UAE all his life, with his family. His apparent offence involved blogging about problems faced by stateless persons in UAE. Since late March 2012, the UAE authorities have expanded their crackdown on peaceful political activists with arrests of 13 members of a political association advocating peacefully for greater adherence to Islamic precepts – the Reform and Social Guidance Association (al-Islah). UAE authorities also clamped down on freedom of expression and association by disbanding the elected boards of the Jurists Association and the Teachers’ Association after they and two other nongovernmental organizations co-signed a public appeal in April 2011 calling for greater democracy in the country. The decrees replaced elected board members with state appointees, saying that the associations had violated the 2008 Law on Associations, which prohibits organizations and their members from interfering “in politics or in matters that impair state security and its ruling regime.” We request that you urge the UAE to: Immediately and unconditionally release all political prisoners and cease threatening to revoke citizenship because of political activity; Void the convictions of the UAE 5, expunge their criminal records, and unconditionally lift all travel and work restrictions; Immediately stop any current deportation proceedings against Ahmad Abd al-Khaliq, and free him from immigration related detention; Issue an invitation to the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association to review the laws currently in place which govern NGOs and bring these in line with international human rights law and standards, in order to ensure that NGOs can function free from state interference. Saudi Arabia Authorities have tightened the space for public criticism of officials or government policies in the wake of the pro-democracy Arab Spring movements. New laws – a January 2011 regulation on online media registration and an amended press and publications law with revised and tougher content restrictions, now applicable to online writing as well – along with a counterterrorism law still in draft form, criminalize the exercise of basic human rights such as freedom of expression, assembly, and association. Since 2011, Saudi security forces have arrested hundreds of peaceful protesters and dissidents, primarily among Shia Muslim Saudis demonstrating in the Eastern Province. Saudi Arabia has used its Specialized Criminal Court, set up in 2008 to try terrorism cases, to instead convict peaceful dissidents and rights activists in proceedings that violate fair trial rights. On April 10, 2012, the court sentenced Muhammad al-Bajadi to four years in prison and banned him from foreign travel for another five years for “unlawfully” establishing a human rights organization; “distorting the state’s reputation” in media; impugning judicial independence; instigating relatives of political detainees to demonstrate and protest; and possessing censored books. Domestic intelligence agents arrested al-Bajadi when families of detainees had gathered in front of the Interior Ministry to press officials for the release of their relatives, some of whom had been detained for seven or more years without trial. Al-Bajadi is a founding member of the Saudi Association for Civil and Political Rights (ACPRA), which the government has not licensed. On April 11, 2012, the court sentenced Yusuf al-Ahmad, an academic and cleric, to five months in prison for “incitement against the ruler, stoking divisions, harming the national fabric, and producing, storing, and publishing on the internet things that can disturb public order.” On July 7, 2011, al-Ahmad had published a video on his Twitter account in which he called on King Abdullah to release arbitrarily detained persons. Security forces arrested him the next day. In late March 2012, prosecutors banned foreign travel by two prominent rights activists, Muhammad Fahd al-Qahtani and Walid Abu al-Khair. Al-Qahtani, a university professor, is president and co-founder of the Saudi Association of Civil and Political Rights (ACPRA), to which Saudi authorities have denied an operating license. Abu al-Khair, who founded the internet page Human Rights Monitor in Saudi Arabia, was due to leave for the United States to participate in the Leaders for Democracy Fellowship, the US State Department’s flagship international engagement project. In September 2011, Jeddah’s summary court had charged Abu al-Khair with “offending the judiciary;” “communicating with foreign agencies;” “asking for a constitutional monarchy;” “participating in media [programs] to distort the reputation of the country;” and “incitement of public opinion against the public order of the country.” Abu al-Khair had earlier signed calling for an elected parliament with full legislative powers, a separation of the offices of king and prime minister, and the release of political prisoners. Nadhir al-Majid, a school laboratory technician from Qatif, has been held since April 17, 2011 for corresponding with a foreign journalist, taking part in demonstrations, and vague charges related to his writings critical of Shia religious doctrine. Fadhil al-Sulaiman, an education official, was arrested on March 17, 2012 after he led Shia protesters in peacefully demanding the release of prisoners, an end to religious discrimination, and the right to practice their faith freely. The Saudi guardianship system continues to treat women as minors. Under this discriminatory system, girls and women of all ages are forbidden from traveling, studying, or working without permission from their male guardians. Female activists who push for their rights risk arrest. We request that you urge Saudi Arabia to: Immediately end the arbitrary detention and travel bans inflicted on those who peacefully exercise their freedom of speech or assembly; Abolish the Specialized Criminal Court, set up in 2008 to try terrorism cases, but increasingly is used to try peaceful dissidents and rights activists on politicized charges and in proceedings that violate the right to a fair trial; Dismantle the legal guardianship system for adult women, guaranteeing that women are considered to have reached full legal capacity at 18 years of age. Bahrain Bahrain has experienced more than a year of violent suppression of what began in February 2011 as mass peaceful protests. In mid-March 2011, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa declared a “State of National Safety” and established special military courts. These courts convicted and sentenced to prison hundreds of protesters whose only offense was to exercise their rights to freedom of speech and peaceful assembly. The Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (BICI), consisting of five renowned international jurists, in its report released in November 2011, documented widespread and systematic violations of international human rights law by Bahraini forces. The commission recommended voiding all convictions based on peaceful statements or protests, investigating allegations of torture against ranking officials, and revising laws that criminalize