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TRABAJO DE FIN DE MÁSTER EN ESTUDIOS LITERARIOS Y CULTURALES INGLESES Y SU PROYECCIÓN SOCIAL FROM EAST CHEAM TO CHINGFORD VIA PECKHAM: BRITAIN’S JOURNEY FROM THE 1950s TO THE PRESENT DAY, AS SEEN THROUGH HER SITCOMS. DEBORAH DANIELS OLDFIELD TUTORA: DRA. MARÍA LUZ ARROYO VÁZQUEZ FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA UNED CONVOCATORIA JUNIO – CURSO ACADÉMICO 2020-21 Trabajo de Fin de Máster en Estudios Literarios y Culturales Ingleses y Su Projección Social Título del Trabajo: From East Cheam To Chingford Via Peckham: Britain’s Journey From the 1950s To the Present Day, As Seen Through Her Sitcoms. Autora: Deborah Daniels Oldfield Tutora: Dra. María Luz Arroyo Vázquez Facultad de Filología UNED Convocatoria: Junio – Curso Académico 2020-21 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………...…2 List of Television Sitcoms Featured………………………………………………………...3 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………6 2. Post-war Britain Gives Birth To the Television Sitcom.…………………..…………..12 2.1. Britain in the 1950s – Rebuilding the Nation……………………………………...12 2.2. Television Sitcoms in the 1950s – Class, Conscripts and Competition..………….15 3. The Swinging Sixties and the Striking Seventies Herald the “Golden Age” of the Sitcom…………………………………………………………………………………..21 3.1. Britain in the 1960s – They’d Never Had It So Good……..……………………... 21 3.2. Television Sitcoms in the 1960s – Clergy, Chaos and “Coons”….……....……….26 3.3. Britain in the 1970s – The Nation Crumbles…………………………...………….35 3.4. Television Sitcoms in the 1970s – Insults, Intolerance, and Ire……..…...………..41 4. The Exciting Eighties and Notorious Nineties Initiate the Age of Sitcom “Girl Power”…………………………………………………………………………….53 4.1. Britain in the 1980s – The Ladies Step Forward……………………....…………..53 4.2. Television Sitcoms in the 1980s – Wartime Witticisms, Wheeler-Dealers, and Women…………………………………………………………………………….59 4.3. Britain in the 1990s – The Nation Divided, The Nation United……………..……70 4.4. Television Sitcoms in the 1990s – Ridicule, Religion, and Realism.………...…...78 5. The Narcissistic Noughties and the Nameless 2010s Change the Sitcom World – Or Do They?...................................................................................................................90 5.1. Britain in the 2000s – The Nation Celebrates, The Nation Mourns………………90 5.2. Television Sitcoms in the 2000s – Slapstick, Spontaneity, and Sarcasm.………...94 5.3. Britain in the 2010s – The Nation Rallies, The Nation Reels……………………100 5.4. Television Sitcoms in the 2010s – Mums, Mayhem, and Mosques………..…….105 6. Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………115 Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………….. 120 2 List of Television Sitcoms Featured (in alphabetical order) Absolutely Fabulous – first broadcast BBC 12th November 1992. Writers: Jennifer Saunders, Dawn French, Sue Perkins. Directors: Bob Spiers, Dewi Humphreys. Producer: Jon Plowman. All Gas and Gaiters – first broadcast BBC 17th May 1966. Writers: Pauline Devaney, Edwin Apps. Directed and produced by: John Howard Davies, Stuart Allen. ‘Allo ‘Allo – first broadcast BBC 30th December 1982. Writers: David Croft, Jeremy Lloyd. Directors: David Croft, Martin Dennis, John B. Hobbs. Producers: David Croft, John B. Hobbs, Mike Stephens. Are You Being Served – first broadcast BBC 8th September 1972. Writers: Jeremy Lloyd, David Croft. Directors: Ray Butt, Bob Spiers, John Kilby. Producer: David Croft. Birds of a Feather – first broadcast BBC 16th October 1989. Writers: Maurice Gran, Laurence Marks, Gary Lawson, John Phelps, Geoff Rowley, Sue Teddern, Peter Tilbury, Geoff Deane and others. Directors: Terry Kinane, Charlie Hanson, Martin Dennis, Nic Phillips, Baz Taylor. Producers: Allan McKeown, Maurice Gran, Laurence Marks, Michael Pilsworth, Nic Phillips, Charlie Hanson, Humphrey Barclay, and others. Dad’s Army – first broadcast 31st July 1968. Writers: David Croft, Jimmy Perry. Directors: David Croft, Harold Snoad. Producer: David Croft. Doctor in the House – first broadcast ITV/LWT 11th July 1969. Writers: Graeme Garden, Bill Oddie. Director: David Askey. Producer: Humphrey Barclay. Fawlty Towers – first broadcast BBC 19th September 1975. Writers: John Cleese, Connie Booth. Directors: Bob Spiers, John Howard Davies. Producers: John Howard Davies, Douglas Argent. Hancock’s Half Hour – first broadcast BBC 6th July 1956. Writers: Ray Galton, Alan Simpson. Directed and produced by: Alan Tarrant, Duncan Wood. Just Good Friends – first broadcast BBC 22nd September 1983. Writer: John Sullivan. Directors: Ray Butt, Sue Bysh. Producer: Ray Butt. Keeping up Appearances – first broadcast BBC 29th October 1990. Writer: Roy Clarke. Directed and produced by: Harold Snoad. Life with the Lyons – first broadcast BBC 17th September 1957. Writers: Bebe Daniels, Bob Block, Bob Ross. Director: John Phillips. Producer: Barry Baker. 3 Love Thy Neighbour – first broadcast ITV/Thames 13th April 1972. Writers: Vince Powell, Harry Driver. Directed and produced by: Anthony Parker, Stuart Allen, Ronnie Baxter. Mind Your Language – first broadcast ITV/LWT 30th December 1977. Writer: Vince Powell. Director: Stuart Allen. Producers: Stuart Allen, Albert Moses, Bachu Patel. Miranda – first broadcast BBC 9th November 2009. Writers: Miranda Hart, James Cary, Richard Hurst. Directors: Juliet May, Mandie Fletcher. Producers: Jo Sargent, Miranda Hart. Mrs Brown’s Boys – first broadcast TVÉ1 1st January 2011. Writer: Brendan O’Carroll. Directors: Brendan O’Carroll, Jennifer Gibney. Producers: Brendan O’Carroll, Jennifer Gibney, Fiona O’Carroll. Mum – first broadcast 13th May 2016. Writer: Stefan Golaszewski. Directors: Stefan Golaszewski, Richard Laxton. Producers: Lyndsay Robinson, Stefan Golaszewski, Kenton Allen, Matthew Justice. My Family – first broadcast BBC 19th September 2000. Writers: Fred Barron, Ian Brown, James Hendrie, Jim Armogida, Brian Leveson, Andrea Solomons. Directors: Dewi Humphreys, Ed Bye, Baz Taylor, Nic Phillips. Producers: John Bartlett, Donald Taffner Jr., Clive Hedges, Ian Brown, James Hendrie, Angie Billington, Michael Jacob, Brian Leveson, Paul Minett. Nearest and Dearest – first broadcast ITV/Granada 15th August 1968. Writers: Roy Bottomley, Tom Brennand, John Stevenson, Harry Driver, Vince Powell. Directors: Bill Podmore, June Howson. Producers: Bill Podmore, Peter Eckersley. Oh Brother – first broadcast BBC 13th September 1968. Writers: David Climie, Austin Steele. Directed and produced by: Johnny Downes, Duncan Wood. Only Fools and Horses – first broadcast BBC 8th September 1981. Writer: John Sullivan. Directors: Tony Dow, Ray Butt. Producers: Ray Butt, Gareth Gwenlan, John Sullivan. On The Buses – first broadcast ITV/LWT 28th February 1969. Writers: Ronald Chesney, Ronald Wolfe. Directors: Stuart Allen, Howard Ross. Producers: Stuart Allen, Derrick Goodwin. Outnumbered – first broadcast 28th August 2007. Writers: Andy Hamilton, Guy Jenkins. Directors: Andy Hamilton, Guy Jenkins. Producers: Andy Hamilton, Guy Jenkins, Jimmy Mulville, Pat Lees. Rising Damp – first broadcast ITV 2nd September 1974. Writer: Eric Chapell. Directed and produced by: Vernon Lawrence, Ronnie Baxter, Ian MacNaughton. 4 Some Mothers Do ‘Ave ‘Em – first broadcast BBC 15th February 1973. Writers: Raymond Allen, Michael Crawford. Directed and produced by: Michael Mills, Sydney Lotterby. Staged – first broadcast BBC 10th June 2020. Writers: Simon Evans, Phil Glynn. Director: Simon Evans. Producers: Shane Allen, Phil Glynn, Victor Glynn, Michael Sheen, David Tennant, Georgia Tennant. Steptoe and Son – first broadcast BBC 5th January 1962. Writers: Ray Galton, Alan Simpson. Directed and produced by: Duncan Wood, Douglas Argent, John Howard Davies, David Croft. Terry and June/Happy Ever After – first broadcast 7th May 1974. Writers: John T. Chapman, Eric Merriman. Directed and produced by: Ray Butt, Peter Whitmore. The Army Game – first broadcast BBC 19th June 1957. Writers: Maurice Wiltshire, Sid Colin, Lew Schwarz. Directors: Max Morgan Witts, Gordon Flemyng. Producer: Peter Eton. The Kumars at No. 42 – first broadcast 12th November 2001. Writers: George Jeffrie, Bert Tyler-Moore, Suk Pannu, Sanjeev Bhaskar. Directors: Lisa Evans, Nick Wood. Producers: Lissa Evans, Richard Pinto, Sharat Sardana. The Likely Lads – first broadcast BBC 16th December 1964. Writers: Dick Clement, Ian La Frenais. Directed and produced by: Dick Clement. The Royle Family – first broadcast BBC 14th September 1998. Writers: Caroline Aherne, Craig Cash, Henry Normal. Directors: Caroline Aherne, Mark Mylod, Steve Bendelack. Producers: Kenton Allen, Caroline Aherne, Craig Cash, Henry Normal. The Vicar of Dibley – first broadcast BBC 10th November 1994. Writers: Richard Curtis, Paul Mayhew-Archer. Directors: Dewi Humphreys, Gareth Carrivick, Barbara Wiltshire. Producers: Peter Bennett-Jones, Richard Curtis, Jon Plowman. Till Death Us Do Part – first broadcast BBC 22nd July 1965. Writer: Johnny Speight. Directed and produced by: Dennis-Main Wilson, Douglas Argent, Colin Strong. 5 1. Introduction Whilst studying my degree in English Language, Literature and Culture at the UNED, I found that one of the most stimulating aspects of the course was the correspondence between context and content in literature, and therefore decided that this would constitute the focal point of this study. Therefore, this project is related to the Master’s subjects of Sociedad y Cultura del Mundo Anglófono en sus Textos, Literatura e Historia, Literatura y Arte Visuales, and Literatura y Relaciones Transculturales, and the theoretical framework will include the