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Justice & Security Practices, Perceptions, and Problems in Kabul and Nangarhar
Justice & Security Practices, Perceptions, and Problems in Kabul and Nangarhar M AY 2014 Above: Behsud Bridge, Nangarhar Province (Photo by TLO) A TLO M A P P I N G R EPORT Justice and Security Practices, Perceptions, and Problems in Kabul and Nangarhar May 2014 In Cooperation with: © 2014, The Liaison Office. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher, The Liaison Office. Permission can be obtained by emailing [email protected] ii Acknowledgements This report was commissioned from The Liaison Office (TLO) by Cordaid’s Security and Justice Business Unit. Research was conducted via cooperation between the Afghan Women’s Resource Centre (AWRC) and TLO, under the supervision and lead of the latter. Cordaid was involved in the development of the research tools and also conducted capacity building by providing trainings to the researchers on the research methodology. While TLO makes all efforts to review and verify field data prior to publication, some factual inaccuracies may still remain. TLO and AWRC are solely responsible for possible inaccuracies in the information presented. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cordaid. The Liaison Office (TL0) The Liaison Office (TLO) is an independent Afghan non-governmental organization established in 2003 seeking to improve local governance, stability and security through systematic and institutionalized engagement with customary structures, local communities, and civil society groups. -
Security Transitions Thiemo Fetzer, Pedro Cl Souza, Oliver Vanden Eynde, Austin Wright
Security Transitions Thiemo Fetzer, Pedro Cl Souza, Oliver Vanden Eynde, Austin Wright To cite this version: Thiemo Fetzer, Pedro Cl Souza, Oliver Vanden Eynde, Austin Wright. Security Transitions. 2020. halshs-02518234 HAL Id: halshs-02518234 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02518234 Preprint submitted on 25 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. WORKING PAPER N° 2020 – 13 Security Transitions Thiemo Fetzer Pedro CL Souza Oliver Vanden Eynde Austin L. Wright JEL Codes: D72, D74, L23 Keywords: Counterinsurgency, Civil Conflict, Public Goods Provision Security Transitions∗ Thiemo Fetzery Pedro CL Souzaz Oliver Vanden Eyndex Austin L. Wright{ March 23, 2020 Abstract How do foreign powers disengage from a conflict? We study the recent large- scale security transition from international troops to local forces in the context of the ongoing civil conflict in Afghanistan. We construct a new dataset that com- bines information on this transition process with declassified conflict outcomes and previously unreleased quarterly survey data. Our empirical design leverages the staggered roll-out of the transition onset, together with a novel instrumental variables approach to estimate the impact of the two-phase security transition. -
Internal Displacement Updates
ANNEXE 1 CONFLICT INDUCED INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT Monthly Update January 2012 The trend on increasing conflict-induced internal displacement continued through January 2012 with the displacement of an estimated 6,594 persons (1,104 families) across the country. As compared to December 2011, this is a decrease of 50%. The data shows an increase in reporting of IDPs in the West which is a significant high (82%), while the Eastern region remained the same as last month. No significant displacements were reported from the South-east. No internal displacement was reported from the South, North and Central regions in January. The main causes of displacement are recorded as armed conflict between Anti Government Elements AGE/ Armed Opposition Groups AOG, IM/ANA; Intimidation/ threats/ harassment by AGEs; Tribal conflict and targeted persecution. The total IDP population in the country is estimated at 447,524 persons/ 70,209 families as of 31 January 2012. The data is gathered from UNHCR and DoRR sources and these estimates do not include IDPs scattered in urban and semi-urban areas as well as locations where UNHCR/ DORR/ IDP Task Force members do not have access. I. Key Protection and Assistance Needs: • Delay in identification, assessment and timely assistance (due to limited humanitarian access) remains a critical challenge; • Access to basic protection in displacement – i.e personal and physical security and shelter are critical needs; • Regular tracking of IDP caseloads is a challenge due to frequent secondary and tertiary displacements; • Livelihoods in displacement (esp for prolonged displacements) is a challenge and its absence can lead to secondary displacement; • Access to education and emergency health care (for all & also for prolonged displacement - including other services); • Tracking the vulnerability of already vulnerable persons/ families (migration of male members to urban areas for work, hence more female headed households). -
Università Degli Studi Di Sassari
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SASSARI SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA Scienze e Biotecnologie dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali e delle Produzioni Alimentari Indirizzo: Produttività delle piante coltivate Ciclo XXVI Large Scale Grazing Systems (LSGS) in the Western Region of Afghanistan: Typologies, issues and options for sustainable rangeland management Dr. Mohammad Alam Ghoryar Direttore della Scuola: Prof. Alba Pusino Referente di Indirizzo Prof. Rosella Motzo Docente Guida Prof. Pier Paolo Roggero Anno accademico 2012- 2013 “…We have provided in it (the earth) sustenance for you, and for those whom you do not support” (Qur'an, 15:19-20) and "there is a reward in doing good to every living thing." (Bukhari & Muslim). PREFACE This thesis represents a boarding work and learning under the particular situation of Afghanistan that has taken place in a period of three years (2011-2013). I started this study with my background primarily in Animal science and rangeland management. I have joint the faculty of Agriculture, Herat University since 1993 as lecturer, I have worked more than eight years in different development projects mainly relevant to agriculture and community mobilization with national non-government organization and international organization, mostly in Western Region (WR) of Afghanistan. Considering my background and the importance of extensive grazing system on livelihood of inhabitants regard to their productive system, life style and impact of rangeland on socio economy and environment, after a long period discussion with my professor, we decided to work on this topic. It was important for me to carry out a research that really interests me. Furthermore, Large Scale Grazing Systems (LSGS) in WR of Afghanistan have changed over time under different disturbances and pressures and the path of change is an essential part of their identity. -
Making Sense of Daesh in Afghanistan: a Social Movement Perspective
\ WORKING PAPER 6\ 2017 Making sense of Daesh in Afghanistan: A social movement perspective Katja Mielke \ BICC Nick Miszak \ TLO Joint publication by \ WORKING PAPER 6 \ 2017 MAKING SENSE OF DAESH IN AFGHANISTAN: A SOCIAL MOVEMENT PERSPECTIVE \ K. MIELKE & N. MISZAK SUMMARY So-called Islamic State (IS or Daesh) in Iraq and Syria is widely interpreted as a terrorist phenomenon. The proclamation in late January 2015 of a Wilayat Kho- rasan, which includes Afghanistan and Pakistan, as an IS branch is commonly interpreted as a manifestation of Daesh's global ambition to erect an Islamic caliphate. Its expansion implies hierarchical order, command structures and financial flows as well as a transnational mobility of fighters, arms and recruits between Syria and Iraq, on the one hand, and Afghanistan–Pakistan, on the other. In this Working Paper, we take a (new) social movement perspective to investigate the processes and underlying dynamics of Daesh’s emergence in different parts of the country. By employing social movement concepts, such as opportunity structures, coalition-building, resource mobilization and framing, we disentangle the different types of resource mobilization and long-term conflicts that have merged into the phenomenon of Daesh in Afghanistan. In dialogue with other approaches to terrorism studies as well as peace, civil war and security studies, our analysis focuses on relations and interactions among various actors in the Afghan-Pakistan region and their translocal networks. The insight builds on a ten-month fieldwork-based research project conducted in four regions—east, west, north-east and north Afghanistan—during 2016. We find that Daesh in Afghanistan is a context-specific phenomenon that manifests differently in the various regions across the country and is embedded in a long- term transformation of the religious, cultural and political landscape in the cross-border region of Afghanistan–Pakistan. -
Old Habits, New Consequences Old Habits, New Khalid Homayun Consequences Nadiri Pakistan’S Posture Toward Afghanistan Since 2001
Old Habits, New Consequences Old Habits, New Khalid Homayun Consequences Nadiri Pakistan’s Posture toward Afghanistan since 2001 Since the terrorist at- tacks of September 11, 2001, Pakistan has pursued a seemingly incongruous course of action in Afghanistan. It has participated in the U.S. and interna- tional intervention in Afghanistan both by allying itself with the military cam- paign against the Afghan Taliban and al-Qaida and by serving as the primary transit route for international military forces and matériel into Afghanistan.1 At the same time, the Pakistani security establishment has permitted much of the Afghan Taliban’s political leadership and many of its military command- ers to visit or reside in Pakistani urban centers. Why has Pakistan adopted this posture of Afghan Taliban accommodation despite its nominal participa- tion in the Afghanistan intervention and its public commitment to peace and stability in Afghanistan?2 This incongruence is all the more puzzling in light of the expansion of insurgent violence directed against Islamabad by the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), a coalition of militant organizations that are independent of the Afghan Taliban but that nonetheless possess social and po- litical links with Afghan cadres of the Taliban movement. With violence against Pakistan growing increasingly indiscriminate and costly, it remains un- clear why Islamabad has opted to accommodate the Afghan Taliban through- out the post-2001 period. Despite a considerable body of academic and journalistic literature on Pakistan’s relationship with Afghanistan since 2001, the subject of Pakistani accommodation of the Afghan Taliban remains largely unaddressed. Much of the existing literature identiªes Pakistan’s security competition with India as the exclusive or predominant driver of Pakistani policy vis-à-vis the Afghan Khalid Homayun Nadiri is a Ph.D. -
UNICEF Afghanistan Country Office Gender and COVID-19 Strategies
Putting women and girls at the forefront of UNICEF Afghanistan Programme: Gender and COVID-19 Update December 2020 /2020/Omid Fazel /2020/Omid UNICEF Afghanistan UNICEF © Background The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global crisis on an unprecedented scale, affecting lives and communities worldwide. As a result of the circumstances brought on by COVID-19, children, adolescent girls and women face a myriad challenges. These range from an increased exposure to violence and early marriage, to significant loss of learning opportunities, diminished access to health facilities and devastating economic losses. Within this context, the unique needs of women and girls have not been adequately prioritized in response plans. In addition, information about women and girls’ experiences often remains hidden within existing data, obscuring the complexity, nuances and uniqueness of their situation. In Afghanistan, the COVID-19 crisis has aggravated pre-existing gender inequalities that hamper women’s access to services. For example, women’s access to health and gender-based violence (GBV) services has been decimated, and 67 percent of women cannot go to health centers without a male escort (Care International 2020). This is also confirmed by a recent Oxfam Study in Afghanistan. This report presents the second and last gender newsletter for the year 2020 in Afghanistan Country Office (ACO). The newsletter captures promising programme strategies that were developed and put to scale during the pandemic to address the unique needs of mainly women and adolescent girls. Key Strategies by ACO to Address Gender Issues Affecting Women and Girls in Afghanistan Promising Strategy#1: Engagement of women CSOs into gender COVID-19 responses Lack of access to information on COVID-19 by specific civil society organizations (CSOs), Voice of Women, social groups, such as women and girls, was highlighted Women Activities & Social Services Association as a critical issue affecting access to COVID-19 related (WASSA), and Action Aid Afghanistan (AAA). -
Extreme/Harsh Weather Weekly Situation Report, 1 February-12 March 2017
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME EXTREME/HARSH WEATHER WEEKLY SITUATION REPORT, 1 FEBRUARY-12 MARCH 2017 Highlights 33 affected provinces 8,209 affected families reported 553 houses completely destroyed 2,282 houses severely damaged 501 houses partially damaged 202 individual deaths 127 individuals injured 3,439 affected families verified following assessments 1,998 families assisted by IOM Distribution of relief items to avalanche-affected families in Badakhshan on 21 February. © IOM 2017 Situation Overview Extreme weather conditions, including avalanches, floods, and heavy snowfall have affected 33 provinces of Afghanistan as of 3 February 2017. Badakhshan and Nooristan provinces were severely hit by two avalanches, resulting in causalities and destruction of houses, followed by flash floods on 18 February that significantly impacted Herat, Zabul and Nimroz provinces. An estimated 8,209 families were reportedly affected across Afghanistan, with 202 deaths and 127 persons sustaining injuries across the country. The majority of the reported caseloads have been assessed, with a total 3,439 families in need of assistance, while the distribution of relief items is underway and expected to be completed by 15 March 2017. Snow and flash floods damaged major roads in Afghanistan, delaying assessments and the dispatching of relief assistance to affected families. Rescuers were unable to reach snow-hit districts in the north, northeast, central, central highland, west, and eastern regions. The majority of the highways and roads linking to various districts that were initially closed have since reopened; however, some roads to districts in Badakhshan, Nooristan, Daikundi, Bamyan and Paktika are still closed. IOM RESPONSE Northeast Region Badakhshan: At least 83 families were affected by avalanches triggered by heavy snowfall in Maimai district on 3 February 2017, with 15 persons killed and 27 wounded. -
Humanitarian Assistance Programme (Hap) Extreme/Harsh Weather Weekly Situation Report 03-12 February 2017
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME (HAP) EXTREME/HARSH WEATHER WEEKLY SITUATION REPORT 03-12 FEBRUARY 2017 Highlights 31 Affected provinces 2,359 Reported affected families 126 Houses completely destroyed 380 Houses severely damaged 87 Houses partially damaged 134 Individual deaths 63 Individuals injured 652 Verified affected families following assessments Dispatchment of relief items to affected families of Badakhshan on 08 February 2017 © IOM 2017 Situation Overview Extreme weather conditions, including avalanches, floods, and heavy snowfall affected 31 provinces of Afghanistan on 03 February 2017. Badakhshan and Nooristan provinces were severely hit by two avalanches, resulting in causalities and destruction of houses. An estimated 2,359 families were reportedly affected, with 134 deaths, and 63 persons sustaining injuries in various parts of the country. The snow wreaked havoc on major roads in Afghanistan, delaying assessments and dispatching of relief assistance to affected families and rescuers, who were unable to reach snow-hit districts in the north, northeast, central, central highland, and eastern regions, with numerous roads cut off. The majority of the highways that were initially closed have since reopened; however, some roads linking to various districts are still closed, and efforts are underway by district authorities to reopen the roads. IOM RESPONSE Northeast Region Badakhshan: At least 53 families were affected in Maimai district. 10 persons were killed and 12 were wounded in avalanches triggered by heavy snowfall on 03 February 2017. The bodies were recovered by a FOCUS Humanitarian Assistance rescue team aided by the local com- munity, while the injured were transferred to a safe area. The district is not accessible as the roads are closed due to heavy snowfall. -
The Informal Regulation of the Onion Market in Nangarhar, Afghanistan Working Paper 26 Giulia Minoia, Wamiqullah Mumatz and Adam Pain November 2014 About Us
Researching livelihoods and Afghanistan services affected by conflict Kabul Jalalabad The social life of the Nangarhar Pakistan onion: the informal regulation of the onion market in Nangarhar, Afghanistan Working Paper 26 Giulia Minoia, Wamiqullah Mumatz and Adam Pain November 2014 About us Secure Livelihoods Research Consortium (SLRC) aims to generate a stronger evidence base on how people make a living, educate their children, deal with illness and access other basic services in conflict-affected situations. Providing better access to basic services, social protection and support to livelihoods matters for the human welfare of people affected by conflict, the achievement of development targets such as the Millennium Development Goals and international efforts at peace- building and state-building. At the centre of SLRC’s research are three core themes, developed over the course of an intensive one- year inception phase: . State legitimacy: experiences, perceptions and expectations of the state and local governance in conflict-affected situations . State capacity: building effective states that deliver services and social protection in conflict- affected situations . Livelihood trajectories and economic activity under conflict The Overseas Development Institute (ODI) is the lead organisation. SLRC partners include the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU), the Centre for Poverty Analysis (CEPA) in Sri Lanka, Feinstein International Center (FIC, Tufts University), Focus1000 in Sierra Leone, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), -
Livelihoods Analysis of Landmine/ERW Affected Communities in Herat Province Afghanistan
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Center for International Stabilization and Global CWD Repository Recovery 7-2012 Livelihoods Analysis of Landmine/ERW Affected Communities in Herat Province Afghanistan Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining GICHD Mine Action Coordination Centre for Afghanistan MACCA Gender in Mine Action GMAP Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Social Policy Commons Recommended Citation Humanitarian Demining, Geneva International Centre for; for Afghanistan, Mine Action Coordination Centre; and Mine Action, Gender in, "Livelihoods Analysis of Landmine/ERW Affected Communities in Herat Province Afghanistan" (2012). Global CWD Repository. 1341. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd/1341 This Other is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Global CWD Repository by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Livelihoods Analysis of Landmine/ERW Affected Communities in Herat Province Afghanistan (October 2011) Barry Pound, Åsa Massleberg, Qudous Ziaee, Samim Hashimi, Shapur Qayyumi and Ted Paterson Report: July 2012 The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), an international expert organisation legally based in Switzerland as a non-profit foundation, works for the elimination of mines, explosive remnants of war and other explosive hazards, such as unsafe munitions stockpiles. The GICHD provides advice and capacity development support, undertakes applied research, disseminates knowledge and best practices and develops standards. -
“Poppy Free” Provinces: a Measure Or a Target?
Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit Case Study Series WATER MANAGEMENT, LIVESTOCK AND THE OPIUM ECONOMY “Poppy Free” Provinces: A Measure or a Target? This report is one of seven multi-site case studies undertaken during the second stage of AREU’s three-year study “Applied Thematic Research into Water Management, Livestock and the Opium Economy” (WOL). David Mansfield Funding for this research was provided by the European Commission. May 2009 Editor: Emily Winterbotham Layout: AREU Publications Team © 2009 Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher, the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. Permission can be obtained by emailing [email protected] or by calling (+93)(0)799 608 548. “Poppy Free” Provinces: A Measure or a Target? About the Author David Mansfield is a specialist on development in drugs-producing environments. He has spent 17 years working in coca- and opium-producing countries, with over ten years experience conducting research into the role of opium in rural livelihood strategies in Afghanistan. About the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) is an independent research organisation based in Kabul. AREU’s mission is to conduct high-quality research that informs and influences policy and practice. AREU also actively promotes a culture of research and learning by strengthening analytical capacity in Afghanistan and facilitating reflection and debate. Fundamental to AREU’s vision is that its work should improve Afghan lives.