Index Nominum Et Rerum
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TALMUDIC STUDIES Ephraim Kanarfogel
chapter 22 TALMUDIC STUDIES ephraim kanarfogel TRANSITIONS FROM THE EAST, AND THE NASCENT CENTERS IN NORTH AFRICA, SPAIN, AND ITALY The history and development of the study of the Oral Law following the completion of the Babylonian Talmud remain shrouded in mystery. Although significant Geonim from Babylonia and Palestine during the eighth and ninth centuries have been identified, the extent to which their writings reached Europe, and the channels through which they passed, remain somewhat unclear. A fragile consensus suggests that, at least initi- ally, rabbinic teachings and rulings from Eretz Israel traveled most directly to centers in Italy and later to Germany (Ashkenaz), while those of Babylonia emerged predominantly in the western Sephardic milieu of Spain and North Africa.1 To be sure, leading Sephardic talmudists prior to, and even during, the eleventh century were not yet to be found primarily within Europe. Hai ben Sherira Gaon (d. 1038), who penned an array of talmudic commen- taries in addition to his protean output of responsa and halakhic mono- graphs, was the last of the Geonim who flourished in Baghdad.2 The family 1 See Avraham Grossman, “Zik˙atah shel Yahadut Ashkenaz ‘el Erets Yisra’el,” Shalem 3 (1981), 57–92; Grossman, “When Did the Hegemony of Eretz Yisra’el Cease in Italy?” in E. Fleischer, M. A. Friedman, and Joel Kraemer, eds., Mas’at Mosheh: Studies in Jewish and Moslem Culture Presented to Moshe Gil [Hebrew] (Jerusalem, 1998), 143–57; Israel Ta- Shma’s review essays in K˙ ryat Sefer 56 (1981), 344–52, and Zion 61 (1996), 231–7; Ta-Shma, Kneset Mehkarim, vol. -
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Young, Muir Campbell (2018) The Matthean split: an analysis of the Pharisees in the Gospel of Matthew. MRes thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/82354/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] The Matthean Split: An Analysis of the Pharisees in the Gospel of Matthew GUID: 221442 Muir Campbell Young Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of MRes Theology & Religious Studies Word Count: 28,416 School of Critical Studies College of Arts University of Glasgow July 12th 2018 GUID: 2221442 Abstract This dissertation is concerned with the acerbic relationship between the Matthean community and the Pharisees as shown in the Gospel of Matthew. It is the view of this study that texts reflect the world which created them and as such this dissertation uses historical and literary criticism to analyse the setting of the Gospel of Matthew by locating it within a specific time and place. Once this has been achieved the study moves to discuss and evaluate the impact that specific events such as the First Jewish War (66-73 CE) and the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple (70 CE) had on the author and his contemporaries as he composed the text. -
2210 Bc 2200 Bc 2190 Bc 2180 Bc 2170 Bc 2160 Bc 2150 Bc 2140 Bc 2130 Bc 2120 Bc 2110 Bc 2100 Bc 2090 Bc
2210 BC 2200 BC 2190 BC 2180 BC 2170 BC 2160 BC 2150 BC 2140 BC 2130 BC 2120 BC 2110 BC 2100 BC 2090 BC Fertile Crescent Igigi (2) Ur-Nammu Shulgi 2192-2190BC Dudu (20) Shar-kali-sharri Shu-Turul (14) 3rd Kingdom of 2112-2095BC (17) 2094-2047BC (47) 2189-2169BC 2217-2193BC (24) 2168-2154BC Ur 2112-2004BC Kingdom Of Akkad 2234-2154BC ( ) (2) Nanijum, Imi, Elulu Imta (3) 2117-2115BC 2190-2189BC (1) Ibranum (1) 2180-2177BC Inimabakesh (5) Ibate (3) Kurum (1) 2127-2124BC 2113-2112BC Inkishu (6) Shulme (6) 2153-2148BC Iarlagab (15) 2121-2120BC Puzur-Sin (7) Iarlaganda ( )(7) Kingdom Of Gutium 2177-2171BC 2165-2159BC 2142-2127BC 2110-2103BC 2103-2096BC (7) 2096-2089BC 2180-2089BC Nikillagah (6) Elulumesh (5) Igeshaush (6) 2171-2165BC 2159-2153BC 2148-2142BC Iarlagash (3) Irarum (2) Hablum (2) 2124-2121BC 2115-2113BC 2112-2110BC ( ) (3) Cainan 2610-2150BC (460 years) 2120-2117BC Shelah 2480-2047BC (403 years) Eber 2450-2020BC (430 years) Peleg 2416-2177BC (209 years) Reu 2386-2147BC (207 years) Serug 2354-2124BC (200 years) Nahor 2324-2176BC (199 years) Terah 2295-2090BC (205 years) Abraham 2165-1990BC (175) Genesis (Moses) 1)Neferkare, 2)Neferkare Neby, Neferkamin Anu (2) 3)Djedkare Shemay, 4)Neferkare 2169-2167BC 1)Meryhathor, 2)Neferkare, 3)Wahkare Achthoes III, 4)Marykare, 5)............. (All Dates Unknown) Khendu, 5)Meryenhor, 6)Neferkamin, Kakare Ibi (4) 7)Nykare, 8)Neferkare Tereru, 2167-2163 9)Neferkahor Neferkare (2) 10TH Dynasty (90) 2130-2040BC Merenre Antyemsaf II (All Dates Unknown) 2163-2161BC 1)Meryibre Achthoes I, 2)............., 3)Neferkare, 2184-2183BC (1) 4)Meryibre Achthoes II, 5)Setut, 6)............., Menkare Nitocris Neferkauhor (1) Wadjkare Pepysonbe 7)Mery-........, 8)Shed-........, 9)............., 2183-2181BC (2) 2161-2160BC Inyotef II (-1) 2173-2169BC (4) 10)............., 11)............., 12)User...... -
Intertestamental Period Dynasties
Intertestamental Chronologies* Year Egypt Asia Judea Texts Persian rule Persian-appointed 360 Artaxerxes II 404–358 governors Job, Jonah Artaxerxes III post-exilic 358–338 350 340 Arses 338–336 Darius III 336–331 330 Macedonian rule Alexander the Great 333–323 Greek control Wars for Succession Ptolemaic–Seleucid 320 Ptolemaic rule control (disputed) Ptolemy I Soter Zadokite High Priests 323–285 Onias I c. 320–280 310 Seleucid rule Esther Seleucus I fourth–third cent. 312–280 (Palestine) 300 Ptolemaic rule (300?) Ecclesiastes early third cent. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Palestine) 290 (Zadokites) 1 Enoch third to first cent. Ptolemy II 280 Philadelphus 285–246 Antiochus I Soter Simon I 280–261 c. 280–260 270 260 Antiochus II Theus Eleazar 261–246 c. 260–245 Septuagint 250 ca. 250 (Alexandria) Ptolemy III Evegetes Seleucus II Callinicus Manasseh c. 245–240 240 246–221 246–226 Onias II c. 240–218 230 Tobit late third cent. Seleucus III Ceraunus 226–223 (Palestine) 220 Ptolemy IV Philopator Antiochus III the Great 221–203 223–187 Simeon II 210 c. 218–185 200 Ptolemy V Epiphanes 203–181 Seleucid rule (200) (Simon II) Jubilees 190 third–second cent. (Palestine) Seleucus IV Philopator 187–175 Onias III Sirach 180 185–175 early second cent. Ptolemy VI (Palestine) Philometor Antiochus IV Epiphanes Jason 175–172 181–145 170 175–163 Menelaus Ptolemy VIII 172–162 169–164 Daniel Cleopatra II 160 Antiochus V 163–162 Alcimus 162–159 mid-second cent. 163–127 (Palestine) Demetrius I (unknown) 162–150 150 Hasmoneans Alexander Balas 150–145 Jonathan Apphus 152–143 Ptolemy VIII 145–131 Demetrius II Nicator 145–139 140 Cleopatra III 142–131 Antiochus VI Dionysus145–142 Simeon Tassi Diodotus Tryphon 142–139 142–134 Antiochus VII Sidetes 138–129 John Hyrcanus I 130 134–104 Demetrius II Nicator 129–126 Alexander II Zabinas 129–123 Ptolemy VIII 120 127–116 Cleopatra Thea 125–121 2 Maccabees Antiochus VIII Grypus late second cent. -
277 53 Anna D. Kartsonis, Anastasis
Book reviews 277 53 Anna D. Kartsonis, Anastasis: The Making of an Image (Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press), 1986, pp. 263 & 89 illustrations, 21 x 28 cm., $51.50, ISBN 0-691-04039-7. LEXIKON DES MITTELALTERS - II: JUDAISM. Lexikon des Mittelalters. Erster Band, 2110 col. (Oct.1977-Nov.1980): Aachen- Bettelordenskirchen. Zweiter Band, 2210 col. (May 1981-November 1983): Bettlerwesen-Codex von Valencia. Dritter Band, 2208 col. (May 1984-June 1986): Codex Wintoniensis- Erziehungs- und Bildungswesen). Vierter Band, Lief. 1-7 (1567 col.): Erzkanzler-Goslar (March 1987- - December 1988) München und Zürich, Artemis Verlag. The Lexikon des Mittelalters (hereafter: LM) aims at covering all aspects of the history of the European Middle Ages, viz. the period between A.D. 300 and 1500. It has already been illustrated in a previous review that LM, though primarily a reference-work for students of European medieval history, can be of great use to islamicists as well, in view of the high standard of the articles related, in one way or another, to Islam (Numen vol XXX, pp. 265-268). The present review aims at presenting an evaluation of the contributions of LM in the field of Jewish studies. At this point it should be stressed that the editorial preface of November 1980 stated:, "Ebenso ist die Geschichte des mittelalterlichen europaischen Judentums fester Bestandteil des Lexikons" (my italics, VK). In the volumes covering the letters A through G I have counted a total number of some 90 articles on Jewish subjects. This number has to be considered as an approximate one only, as I most likely have overlooked several items going through the enormous mass of articles published thus far. -
Why Was Maimonides Controversial?
12 Nov 2014, 19 Cheshvan 5775 B”H Congregation Adat Reyim Dr Maurice M. Mizrahi Adult Education Why was Maimonides controversial? Introduction Always glad to talk about Maimonides: He was Sephardic (of Spanish origin), and so am I He lived and worked in Egypt, and that's where I was born and grew up His Hebrew name was Moshe (Moses), and so is mine He was a rationalist, and so am I He was a scientist of sorts, and so am I He had very strong opinions, and so do I And, oh yes: He was Jewish, and so am I. -Unfortunately, he probably wasn’t my ancestor. -Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, aka Maimonides, aka The Rambam: b. 1135 (Córdoba, Muslim Spain) – d. 1204 (Fostat, Egypt): Torah scholar, philosopher, physician: Maimonides was the most illustrious figure in Judaism in the post-talmudic era, and one of the greatest of all time… His influence on the future development of Judaism is incalculable. No spiritual leader of the Jewish people in the post- talmudic period has exercised such an influence both in his own and subsequent generations. [Encyclopedia Judaica] -Best-known for Mishneh Torah and Guide for the Perplexed: -Mishneh Torah (Sefer Yad ha-Chazaka) codifies Jewish law. Gathers all laws from Talmud and adds rulings of later Sages. Clear, concise, and logical. No personal opinions. -The Guide for the Perplexed (Dalalat al-Ha'erin; Moreh Nevukhim) is a non-legal philosophical work, for general public, that bridges Jewish and Greek thought. -Controversial in his lifetime and for many centuries afterwards. Controversies concerning Maimonides 1-No need to study Talmud -He appears to downplay study of Talmud. -
Wirtschaftsgeschichte Der Mittelalterlichen Juden Fragen Und Einschätzungen
Wirtschaftsgeschichte der mittelalterlichen Juden Fragen und Einschätzungen Herausgegeben von Michael Toch unter Mitarbeit von Elisabeth Müller- Luckner R. Oldenbourg Verlag München 2008 JcoS/ J_A+CJ Hans-Georg von Mutius Taking Interest from Non-Jews - Main Problems in Traditional Jewish Law Questions of money lending between Jews and non-Jews and the problems of in- terest-charged loans can be viewed through the mirror of Jewish law and have been discussed by rabbinical authorities. To begin with the legal sources: All Jewish communities of the Middle Ages in the Mediterranean area and in non-Mediterra- nean Europe have a common stock of Holy Scriptures constituting the basis of their legal culture and life. Apart from the Hebrew Bible with the Pentateuch as the main law book, they all have in common use a corpus of legal und ritual works written in Palestine and Babylonia during the Late Antiquities: the Mishna com- piled at the beginning of the 3rd century C.E. in Northern Palestine, constituting the first comprehensive law-book of normative Judaism after the destruction of the Second Temple with laws and legal discussions mainly from the 2nd century; then a commentary to the Mishna in form of the Babylonian Talmud containing laws and legal discussions from the Jrd to the 6th century; further legal corpora of secondary importance as the Tosefta and the Palestinian Talmud from the 4th and 5th centuries; and the bulk of the so-called Midrashic literature. Midrashic litera- ture, of Jewish Palestinian origin, presents the rabbinical expositions of scriptural verses. Embodied into this literature is a canonical corpus of Midrashim with laws and legal discussions from the 2nd to the yd centuries expounding the laws of the Pentateuch. -
The Early Ibn Ezra Supercommentaries: a Chapter in Medieval Jewish Intellectual History
Tamás Visi The Early Ibn Ezra Supercommentaries: A Chapter in Medieval Jewish Intellectual History Ph.D. dissertation in Medieval Studies Central European University Budapest April 2006 To the memory of my father 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 7 Prolegomena............................................................................................................................ 12 1. Ibn Ezra: The Man and the Exegete ......................................................................................... 12 Poetry, Grammar, Astrology and Biblical Exegesis .................................................................................... 12 Two Forms of Rationalism.......................................................................................................................... 13 On the Textual History of Ibn Ezra’s Commentaries .................................................................................. 14 Ibn Ezra’s Statement on Method ................................................................................................................. 15 The Episteme of Biblical Exegesis .............................................................................................................. 17 Ibn Ezra’s Secrets ....................................................................................................................................... -
Introduction to JUDAISM WEEK 3 GOD IS ONE JEWISH VIEWS of GOD Adonai Echad
Temple Sinai, S. Burlington, VT. Rabbi David Edleson Introduction to JUDAISM WEEK 3 GOD IS ONE JEWISH VIEWS OF GOD Adonai Echad Do you have to believe in God to be Jewish? Jews and God by the Numbers Pew 2013 Jews and God by the Numbers Pew 2018 . Shabbat Stalwarts – regular participation in prayer and other religious practices 21% . God and Country Believers- express their religion through political and social conservatism 8% . Diversely Devout- follow the Bible but also believe in things like animism and reincarnation. 5% . Relaxed Religious- believe in God and pray but don’t engage in many traditional practices 14% . Spiritually Awake – hold some New Age beliefs 8% . Religious Resisters – believe in a higher power but have negative views of organized religion 17% . Solidly Secular- don’t believe in God and do not self-define as religious 28% Jews and God by the Numbers Pew 2018 45 percent of American Jews are listed in the two categories for the least religious: “religion resisters,” who believe in a higher power but have negative views of organized religion, or “solidly secular,” those who don’t believe in God and do not self-define as religious. The breakdown is 28 percent as “solidly secular” and 17 percent as “religion resisters.” “Jewish Americans are the only religious group with substantial contingents at each end of the typology,” the study says. Maimonides’13 Articles of Faith Principle 1 I believe with perfect faith that: God exists; God is perfect in every way, eternal, and the cause of all that exists. All other beings depend upon God for their existence. -
Abbayé and Raba (Talmudic Sages)
INDEX Abbayé and Raba (Talmudic sages), 245 Asher ben Meshullam, 74–75 Abraham, 73, 154–159, 155–156nn52–54, Astronomy, 64n8 158n58, 166–168 Azriel of Gerona Abraham bar Ḥ iyya, 4, 55–58, anti-Maimonideanism and, 36 56–57n90, 62, 64, 67–69, 70, 191 creativity and, 29, 29n5, 32 Abraham ben Axelrad, 186–187, knowledge of God and, 120n53 186n131 Lebanon, explanation of term, 43 Abraham ben David, 3, 135–139, 135n3, logical argumentation and, 160 166–167 philosophic ethos and, 143–144 Abraham ben Isaac, 3, 135n3, 246 Sefer ha-Bahir and, 213n66 Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon, 145 Abraham ibn Ezra Ba‘alé ha-Nefesh (Abraham b. David), on Exod. 20:2, 232 135 on investigating God, 69, 70, 76, 80, Baḥya ibn Pakuda 80n65 divine unity and, 87, 138 Judah ha-Levi and, 129–131 hermeneutical techniques of, 88 on love of God, 89–90 investigating God and, 69–70, 80, 86, philosophic tradition and, 4, 62 137, 151–152 worship and, 93 love of God and, 90, 90n87 Abraham ibn Ḥ asdai, 156n54 on Psalm 100:3, 216 Aggadat Shir ha-Shirim, 46n56, 112, 177 Sefer ha-Bahir and, 198–199 R. Akiva, 116, 117, 118–119 worship and, 93, 198 Alef, interpretation of term, 203–205, B. Berakhot, 145n29, 147–148, 211, 212 148–149n35, 174, 177, 178 Alḥarizi, Judah, 71, 72–73, 164–165, Bere’shit Rabbati, 112, 177 175, 181, 199 Book of Beliefs and Opinions (Saadia ben Almohade invasion, 64 Joseph), 85, 90n88, 126 Anatoli, Jacob, 73–74, 92, 92n93, 247 Book of the Apple (Abraham ibn Animals, human beings vs., 220, 223 Ḥasdai), 156n54 Apple, explanation of term, 47–48, Book of the Commandments (Ḥ efets ben 47n60 Yatsliaḥ), 78–80, 83, 151–152 Arabic language, 4, 61–62n2, 63, 71, 76 Book of the Commandments Aristotle, 6, 19, 249 ( Maimonides), 150, 225, 227–228 Asher ben David Book of the Commandments (Samuel alef, meaning of term, 204 ben Ḥofni), 77–78 created world and, 160–161 on divine unity, 19, 137–139, Canticles. -
The Maccabean Revolt
THE MARION COUNTY MANNA PROJECT offers a Printer Friendly Summary of THE MACCABEAN REVOLT Question: "What happened in the Maccabean Revolt?" Answer: The Maccabean Revolt (1) was a Jewish rebellion against their Greek/Syrian oppressors in Israel, c. 167—160 BC, as well as a rejection of Hellenistic compromises in worship. The history of the Maccabean Revolt is found in 1 & 2 Maccabees (2) and in the writings of Josephus. The origin of Hanukkah (3) is traced back to the Maccabean Revolt. First, some background on the events leading up to the Maccabean Revolt. The Old Testament (4) closes with the book of Malachi (5), covering events to roughly 400 BC. After that, Alexander the Great (6) all but conquers the known civilized world and dies in 323 BC. His empire is distributed to his four generals who consolidate their territory and establish their dynasties. Ptolemy, one of his generals, ruled in Egypt. Seleucus, another of his generals, ruled over territory that included Syria. These generals founded dynasties that were often at war with each other. Israel (7), located between the two kingdoms, occupied a precarious position. Ptolemaic rule of Israel (Palestine) was tolerant of Jewish religious practices. However, the Seleucid Empire (8) eventually won control of the area and began to curtail Jewish religious practices. In 175 BC, Antiochus IV (9) came to power. He chose for himself the name Antiochus Epiphanes, which means “god manifest.” He began to persecute the Jews in earnest. He outlawed Jewish reli- gious practices (including the observance of kosher food laws) and ordered the worship of the Greek god Zeus. -
F Ine J Udaica
F INE J UDAICA . HEBREW PRINTED BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS &CEREMONIAL ART K ESTENBAUM & COMPANY TUESDAY, JUNE 29TH, 2004 K ESTENBAUM & COMPANY . Auctioneers of Rare Books, Manuscripts and Fine Art Lot 340 Catalogue of F INE J UDAICA . HEBREW PRINTED BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS &CEREMONIAL ART Including Judaic Ceremonial Art: From the Collection of Daniel M. Friedenberg, Greenwich, Conn. And a Collection of Holy Land Maps and Views To be Offered for Sale by Auction on Tuesday, 29th June, 2004 at 3:00 pm precisely ——— Viewing Beforehand on Sunday, 27th June: 10:00 am–5:30 pm Monday, 28th June: 10:00 am–6:00 pm Tuesday, 29th June: 10:00 am–2:30 pm Important Notice: The Exhibition and Sale will take place in our New Galleries located at 12 West 27th Street, 13th floor, New York City. This Sale may be referred to as “Sheldon” Sale Number Twenty Four. Illustrated Catalogues: $35 • $42 (Overseas) KESTENBAUM & COMPANY Auctioneers of Rare Books, Manuscripts and Fine Art . 12 West 27th Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10001 • Tel: 212 366-1197 • Fax: 212 366-1368 E-mail: [email protected] • World Wide Web Site: www.Kestenbaum.net K ESTENBAUM & COMPANY . Chairman: Daniel E. Kestenbaum Operations Manager & Client Accounts: Margaret M. Williams Press & Public Relations: Jackie Insel Printed Books: Rabbi Bezalel Naor Manuscripts & Autographed Letters: Rabbi Eliezer Katzman Ceremonial Art: Aviva J. Hoch (Consultant) Catalogue Photography: Anthony Leonardo Auctioneer: Harmer F. Johnson (NYCDCA License no. 0691878) ❧ ❧ ❧ For all inquiries relating to this sale please contact: Daniel E. Kestenbaum ❧ ❧ ❧ ORDER OF SALE Printed Books: Lots 1 – 224 Manuscripts: Lots 225 - 271 Holy Land Maps: Lots 272 - 285 Ceremonial Art:s Lots 300 - End of Sale Front Cover: Lot 242 Rear Cover: A Selection of Bindings List of prices realized will be posted on our Web site, www.kestenbaum.net, following the sale.