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Consultation on the Implementation of Engineering Recommendation Er G77

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Consultation on the Implementation of Engineering Recommendation Er G77 CONSULTATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENGINEERING RECOMMENDATION ER G77 VOLUME I: SUMMARY REPORT ETSU S/P2/00356/REP/1 DTI/Pub URN 02/809 Contractor Halcrow Group Ltd Subcontractors SunDog Energy Ltd EA Technology Ltd I-Power Ltd Prepared by J Thornycroft M Cotterell A Collinson The work described in this report was carried out under contract as part of the DTI Sustainable Energy Programmes. The views and judgements expressed in this report are those of the contractor and do not necessarily reflect those of the DTI. First published 2002 © Crown copyright 2002 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents the results of continued consultation within the Electricity Industry and PV Industry leading to the publication of Engineering Recommendation ER G77/1: ‘Connection of Single-phase Inverter Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Generating Equipment of up to 5kVA in Parallel with a Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) Distribution System ’. It also incorporates a specific piece of technical work carried out under a Subproject ETSU/S/P2/00400. The final subgroup report on that work is reproduced in Volume II. OBJECTIVES This project continues the objectives of a previous ETSU project ETSU/S/P2/00215 that set-up the ‘ER G77 Working Group’ as part of the initiative to: • Continue consultation with the DNOs principally through the ER G77 Group • Continue consultation in the PV Industry through PV-UK membership • Monitor and include experience from the implementation of ER G77 • Act as a forum for discussion of issues arising and recommended improvements to ER G77 • Provide a source of expertise and consultation on PV electrical matters for projects such as the DTI supported Domestic Field Trial • Provide a link to BSI Standards Work in the field • Define and provide a link to Subprojects investigating specific technical questions related to ER G77 The aim has been to help develop the final version of ER G77/1 that is acceptable to the PV industry and electricity supply industry. BACKGROUND Engineering Recommendation ER G77 was published in 2000 by the Electricity Association to facilitate the connection of photovoltaic (PV) generators to public distribution networks. It was developed by the ‘ER G77 Working Group’ that was set up under a previous ETSU contract. An initial ‘bedding-in ’ period was allowed to enable experience from the increasing number of installations to be included, and also allow time for more in depth examination of some issues. An example of this was the ‘Disconnection Relay’ issue that is discussed in Chapter 3 of this report. i ER G77 is now due to be reissued as ER G77/1 in early 2002 to include this feedback. SUMMARY OF THE WORK A series of meetings and consultations were held with the electricity and PV industries, mainly focused on the ER G77 Working Group and the photovoltaic trade association PV-UK. These meetings recorded comments from all parties on a common comments sheet format and discussed editorial changes to address them. A major item for discussion was produced by a subgroup to the ER G77 Working Group tasked with investigating the ‘Disconnect Relay’ issue and reporting back to the main group. This work is summarised in Chapter 3 and the subgroup report is included in full in Volume II to this report. Links and collaboration were established with other projects such as the DTI Domestic PV Field Trial, as well as Standards work and related projects such as the PV Installation Guidelines. To address some areas where additional expertise was required, consultations and meetings were held with independent authorities such as the Health & Safety Executive which helped to gain endorsement for the recommendations in the ER G77/1 document. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A series of changes to ER G77 were agreed as noted on the comments sheets and suitable wording was drafted to incorporate them into ER G77/1. The main changes were: • To require self-certification by the manufacturer that the inverter, including the control circuits, meets specific test levels in the IEC60255 standard (these are required in the absence of a product specification, which would otherwise allow this aspect to be covered by the normal CE mark). • To require the unit to have a self-monitoring function that ensures that no unsafe output is produced in the event of a fault within the unit. • To require an additional switch-disconnector to be mounted locally to the inverter in the event that this is remote from the Consumer Unit lockable device. • To allow semiconductor switching subject to the above being met. A revised version of ER G77/1 is included as Appendix A. ii CONTENTS Executive Summary i 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Preface 1 1.2 Content 1 1.3 Background 1 1.4 Aims & Objectives 2 2 ER G77 3 2.1 Introduction to Development 3 2.2 Industry Consultation 3 2.3 Meetings 3 2.4 Technical Topics 4 3 Disconnect Relay 5 3.1 Aim 5 3.2 Methodology/ Subgroup 5 3.3 List of Concerns 6 3.4 Isolation vs Disconnection 6 3.5 Summary of Semiconductors in Inverters 8 3.6 Tests 9 3.7 AC Module Connection 10 4 Conclusions & Recommendations 13 4.1 Conclusions 13 4.2 Recommendations 14 Acknowledgements 15 Further Reading 17 Appendices 19 Appendix A: ER G77/1 Final Draft 19 Appendix B: ER G77 Comments Sheet 45 Appendix C: Results of Disconnect Tests 53 iii iv 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preface This report has been prepared as a part of the Department of Trade and Industry’s New and Renewable Energy Programme, under Agreement No. ETSU/S/P2/00356/00/00 with ETSU for the DTI. It constitutes the final report for the project “Consultation on the Implementation of Engineering Recommendation ER G77”. It also includes a summary of a related Subproject ETSU/S/P2/00400 “Research into Aspects of PV Inverters and Engineering Recommendation ER G77” which is fully described in Volume II to this report. The project was managed by Halcrow Group Ltd with subcontractors SunDog Energy Ltd, EA Technology Ltd and I-Power Ltd. The work was carried out between May 2000 and January 2002. 1.2 Content This report presents the results of continued consultation within the Electricity Industry and PV Industry leading to the publication of Engineering Recommendation ER G77/1: ‘Connection of Single-phase Inverter Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Generating Equipment of up to 5kVA in Parallel with a Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) Distribution System ’. Chapter 2 presents the developments to ER G77 that have occurred during the period of the project. A copy of the final draft of ER G77/1 is included as Appendix A along with a table of the editorial changes in Appendix B. Chapter 3 presents a summary of work from a related Subproject that was defined from and fed back into this project (ETSU/S/P2/00400). It concerns an investigation into the testing of the output stages of inverters or ‘Disconnect Relays’, and especially addresses the use of semiconductor or ‘solid-state’ devices. These are common in AC Modules and lower power inverters. Conclusions from the work are listed in Chapter 4, along with recommendations for future activities in the area. 1.3 Background ER G77 was developed between 1995 and its official publication by the Electricity Association in mid-2000. Co-ordination was provided by an ETSU project which established a group of electricity companies under the ‘umbrella ’ of the Electricity Association, and also channelled the feedback from the PV industry trade association via two official PV-UK representatives. As much of the work was ground breaking, with existing guidance being only for much larger generators, some parallel research projects were sponsored by 1 ETSU. This included the development by a joint University project of the ‘Type Tests’ which are a key part of the recommendation. Much of the interest from the Electricity Companies was not just in the applications to PV which were seen to have a relatively slow introduction, but also the implications for other emerging ‘micro-generator’ technologies such as micro-turbines which can be inverter connected. These are now being developed under a separate Engineering Recommendation which is strongly based on the work carried out for ER G77. The decision to publish in mid-2000 was made in the knowledge that because there were relatively few installations and thus limited experience in the UK at the time, it was best to publish the recommendation to make it available to all. It would then provide increased help to connection managers in interpreting G59/1, which was the existing recommendation, and would also provide feedback on its effectiveness and practicality. This project covers the 18 months from mid-2000 to the end of 2001 to include this feedback. 1.4 Aims & Objectives This project was part of an on-going programme of work to assist the electricity supply and PV industries in the development of Engineering Recommendation ER G77/1 as a workable standard for safe and benign PV generation systems that can be installed at a cost that is as low as reasonably practical. The work continued essential consultation and supporting activities for approximately 18 months, until ER G77/1 was ready for formal adoption and the current issues had been adequately researched. The main objectives were to: • Continue consultation with the DNOs Consultative Group • Continue consultation in PV industry through PV-UK membership • Monitor implementation of ER G77 • Act as forum for discussion of issues arising and recommend improvements to ER G77 • Provide a source of expertise and consultation on PV electrical matters for new DTI supported BIPV and domestic field trials projects and others. It also incorporated the aims of a subgroup that provided specific technical input to the process to: • Develop an appropriate strategy within ER G77 for the safe assessment and accreditation of PV inverter topologies incorporating solid-state switched protection systems • Develop appropriate strategies within ER G77 for the safe cost-effective installation of PV systems utilising AC Modules (ACMs).
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