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Diptera: Schizophora: Camillidae) from the Arabian Peninsula, with Discussion of Faunal Relationships

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Diptera: Schizophora: Camillidae) from the Arabian Peninsula, with Discussion of Faunal Relationships D. A. BARRACLOUGH School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa A NEW SPECIES OF KATACAMILLA (DIPTERA: SCHIZOPHORA: CAMILLIDAE) FROM THE ARABIAN PENINSULA, WITH DISCUSSION OF FAUNAL RELATIONSHIPS Barraclough, D. A. 2005. A new species of Katacamilla (Diptera: Schizophora: Camillidae) from the Arabian Peninsula, with discussion of faunal relationships. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 148: 351-354, figs. 1-2. [ 0040-7496]. Published 1 December 2005. The genus Katacamilla Papp is briefly reviewed and its biology discussed. A new species, Katacamilla vanharteni, is described from the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen, Saudi Arabia). The camillid fauna (two species of Katacamilla and one of Afrocamilla Barraclough) of the Arabian Peninsula is discussed. K. vanharteni is the sister species of K. ctenidia Barraclough, 1998 from Nigeria, suggesting a strong relationship with the African fauna (an undescribed Yemeni species of Afrocamilla appears to be the sister species of A. artopenna Barraclough, 1997 from South Africa). The following synapomorphies unite ctenidia + vanharteni: distiphallus with hair-like vestiture present on most surfaces, male forefemur with a conspicuous apical ctenidium of short, strong spines on the posteroventral surface. Correspondence: D. A. Barraclough, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] Keywords. – Camillidae; Katacamilla; Arabian Peninsula; new species, faunal relationships. The Camillidae are a small family of drosophilid- 1998 (South Africa) are of particular interest as both like acalyptrate Diptera which are known mainly species are troglophilous. It appears that the from Africa (see e.g. Barraclough 1997a, b, 1998a, troglophilic habit is a specialisation (Barraclough b, c) and the Palaearctic Region (Papp 1982), but also 1998a). occur in the Nearctic Region and the northern Katacamilla is one of four genera known from Neotropics (Barraclough & Wheeler 1995, the Afrotropics. It was known only from the holotype Barraclough & Fitzgerald 2001). Although most of K. cavernicola from northern Namibia until species are small or tiny flies, which are invariably Barraclough’s 1998a revision treated more than missed by collectors, they have interesting life histo- 400 specimens in five species. These species are ries, being associated mostly with the dung of various now known to be distributed as follows: K. braacki small mammals, birds and bats, where the immature (Northern Province, South Africa); K. cavernicola stages of most taxa presumably develop (Kirk-Spriggs (various Namibian localities); K. ctenidia Barra- et al. 2002). Barraclough (1992) reared the South clough, 1998 (Nigeria); K. gallagheri Barraclough, African species Afrocamilla stuckenbergi Barraclough, 1998 (Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen). 1992 from the droppings of the rock hyrax Procavia The discovery of an undescribed species from capensis (Pallas, 1766), whilst Kirk-Spriggs et al. southwestern Saudi Arabia and western Yemen is of (2002) reared the Namibian species Katacamilla particular interest for three reasons. Firstly, it con- cavernicola Papp, 1978 from guano of the rock firms that the Arabian Peninsula has a notable en- pigeon Columba guinea Linnaeus, 1758 and of the demic fauna of Camillidae. Three species are now slit-faced bat Nycteris thebaica Geoffroy, 1818. recorded from there: K. gallagheri, K. vanharteni K. cavernicola (Namibia) and K. braacki Barraclough, sp. n. and a species near Afrocamilla artopenna (see 351 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 06:28:00PM via free access T E, 148, 2005 12 Figs 1-2. Morphology of male Katacamilla vanharteni sp. n. – 1, Forefemur, male, showing apical ctenidium, comprising 7-8 spines; 2, Terminalia, profile, showing elongate aedeagal apodeme, epiphallus and postgonites concealed behind epandrium, and slender, coiled aedeagus with prominent hair-like setulae. Barraclough 2004). Secondly, although none of these M species is recorded from Africa, two of them have strong African affinities. K. vanharteni (see below) is The type material is deposited in the Entomology the sister species of K. ctenidia (Nigeria), whilst the Section of the National Museums and Galleries of undescribed species of Afrocamilla is closely related to Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Holotype label a South African species. The final point of interest is data are quoted exactly as they appear; a slash denotes that these two species pairs are unusually disjunct ge- the end of a line of print and a semicolon separates ographically, suggesting that Camillidae are likely to data on different labels. occur in extensive intervening areas of Africa where The apical half of the abdomen was cleared in the family has hitherto been unrecorded. This in- warm and then rinsed in alcohol. After examina- cludes the Sudan, Democratic Republic of the tion, the dissected terminalia and associated abdomi- Congo, the Central African Republic and Cameroon, nal parts were stored in glycerine in a microvial as well as Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and pinned beneath the specimen. Zambia. I have already seen unidentified material Morphological terminology mainly follows from Ethiopia. Our knowledge of Arabian Peninsula Barraclough (1998a); reference should be made to the Camillidae may also be of interest to zoogeographers, annotated figures in this publication, particularly the who are in dispute about the exact boundary between male terminalia. the Palaearctic and Afrotropical Regions (see Bilaterally symmetrical structures are described in Barraclough 2004). The most recent catalogue of the singular. Head and thorax length was measured Afrotropical Diptera (Crosskey 1980) suggests for from the anterior margin of the third antennal seg- example that only Yemen be included in the ment to the abdominal base. Wing length was mea- Afrotropics. sured from the humeral crossvein to the wing tip. The measurements of the holotype are placed in parenthe- ses at the end of the range for specimens examined. 352 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 06:28:00PM via free access B: New Arabian Camillidae T Extension Authority () research farm, just out- side the village of al-Kadan, at the foot of Jebel Genus Katacamilla Papp, 1978 Milhan (van Harten, pers. comm.). – Paratype (: Type species: Katacamilla cavernicola Papp, 1978, by : Aseer, Maraba, 1–30.v.2004, Malaise original designation (afrotropical). trap, H. A. Dawah. Katacamilla vanharteni sp. n. Description (figs 1-2) Male: Dimensions (mm): head/thorax length 1.2–1.4 (1.4); wing length 1.8–2.0 (2.0). Colour Diagnosis/Relationships and pollinosity: Head mostly pale yellow to pale Katacamilla vanharteni belongs to the clade yellow-brown, but apical four-fifths of arista, much of ctenidia + procavia [K. procavia Barraclough, 1998 is posterior half of frons (sometimes), and ocellar trian- a Namibian species], which is defined by the exten- gle somewhat darker brown; pollinosity not evident sively coiled aedeagal distiphallus (Barraclough (probably because of initial deposition in ethanol). 1998a). In other species the distiphallus is straight or Thorax pale yellow to pale yellow-brown (posterior only moderately furled. The relationship (ctenidia + half of mesonotum and scutellum slightly darker); vanharteni) + procavia is suggested by the following silver pollinosity sparse, evident only on pleuron. synapomorphies uniting the first species pair: Abdomen medium to dark brown, but noticeably distiphallus with hair-like vestiture present on most paler basally and sometimes apically; indistinct silver surfaces, and the male forefemur with a conspicuous pollinosity evident. apical ctenidium on the posteroventral surface, most Head. – Second antennal segments closely ap- spines of which are obviously short and strong. It is proximated, prominently exserted in profile. Epis- not certain that these spines are similarly developed tome poorly developed, barely visible in profile. in the female. K. vanharteni and K. procavia both One vibrissa, elongate, vibrissal pores closely ap- have paired, backwardly directed projections on the proximated, distance about 0.7 times length of vib- hypandrium, although this is a homoplastic charac- rissa apart. Gena with maximum depth about half ter state, occurring also in the clade braacki + maximum width of third antennal segment. Lower cavernicola. K. vanharteni is readily distinguished occipital bristles: one anteroventrally-directed and from K. ctenidia by having a pale forefemur (darker sometimes one very weak posterior backwardly- brown in ctenidia) and distinctive male terminalia. directed bristle. The terminalia differ notably from ctenidia as follows Thorax (fig. 1). – Forefemur with apical ctenidium (character states of ctenidia in parentheses): aedeagal strongly developed on posteroventral two- to three- apodeme elongate, length about 1.5 times length of fifths, with 7 to 8 spines, the basal four of which are epandrium (subequal in length); postgonites and noticeably short and strong; length of longest spines epiphallus subequal in length (postgonites longer one-quarter to one-third maximum depth of forefe- than epiphallus); epiphallus depressed in profile (not mur (fig. 1). Mid femur with weakly developed depressed, apically smoothly rounded); epiphallus dorso-apical bristle. Weakly developed prescutellar and postgonites concealed behind epandrium in pro- acrostichals absent or barely evident. file
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