DOCSLIB.ORG

POLICY PAPER September 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
POLICY PAPER September 2012 Education A Twin Education Crisis is Holding Back Africa Millions are not at school, millions more are failing to learn POLICY PAPER September 2012 Africa Progress Report 2012 POLICY PAPER ABOUT THE AFRICA PROGRESS PANEL The Africa Progress Panel (APP) consists of ten distinguished individuals from the private and public sector, who advocate on global issues of importance to Africa and the world. Mr Kofi Annan, former Secretary- General of the United Nations and Nobel laureate, chairs the APP and is closely involved in its day-to-day work. The other Panel members are Michel Camdessus, Peter Eigen, Bob Geldof, Graça Machel, Olusegun Obasanjo, Linah Mohohlo, Robert Rubin, Tidjane Thiam and Muhammad Yunus. Kofi Annan Michel Camdessus Peter Eigen Bob Geldof Graça Machel Olusegun Obasanjo Linah Mohohlo Robert Rubin Tidjane Thiam Muhammad Yunus ABOUT THE AFRICA PROGRESS REPORT The Africa Progress Report, the Africa Progress Panel’s flagship annual publication, draws on the best research and analysis available on Africa and compiles it in a refreshing and provocative manner. Through the report, the Panel recommends policy choices and actions for African policy makers, international partners and civil society organisations. This policy paper is drawn from the Africa Progress Report 2012, whose preparation and research was led by Caroline Kende-Robb (Africa Progress Panel), Kevin Watkins (Brookings Institution), Peter da Costa (Africa Progress Panel) and Richard Manning (Oxford University). Andrew Johnston (Consultant) edited the paper. Contact the Africa Progress Panel For media requests or more information, please contact: [email protected]. Website: www.africaprogresspanel.org The APP would like to acknowledge the generous support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the German Development Cooperation (GIZ) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID). 2 A Twin Education Crisis is Holding Africa Back TABLE OF CONTENTS It’s not just how many children go to school - it’s what they learn there 4 Why skills matter - for young people and for their countries 4 It’s time for African governments to take action 4 Some impressive progress has been made... 5 ...but millions of children are still not in school... 5 ...because many groups face stark disadvantage 5 Reaching the marginalized: the greatest education challenge 5 In Africa’s school, millions are failing 8 Skills deficit among Africa’s youth 8 Education inequalities in global perspective 8 An agenda for addressing Africa’s Education crisis 8 The early years are crucial for future learning 8 Access and learning - delivering on the MDG promise 9 Aligning education, skills development and employment 10 The key role of aid donors 10 Guiding principles 11 Selected policy actions 11 Education has the capacity to break the intergenerational “ cycle of poverty. Go to any poor rural village or urban slum and you will find Africans who share that view. – Graça Machel ” 3 POLICY PAPER IT’S NOT JUST HOW MANY CHILDREN GO TO SCHOOL – IT’S WHAT THEY LEARN THERE Learning drives economic growth, fuels innovation Left unattended, this imbalance in priorities will have and creates jobs. It equips countries – and people damaging consequences for Africa’s future. In an – with the skills they need to escape poverty and increasingly interconnected and knowledge-based build prosperity. And it gives people the power to global economy, today’s disparities in education build more secure livelihoods, enjoy better health are tomorrow’s inequalities in income, trade and and participate in political processes that affect investment. More than ever, the prosperity of nations their lives. For all of these reasons, Africa’s ongoing hinges less on what countries have (their natural education crisis demands the urgent attention of resource capital) than on what their citizens are political leaders and aid partners. able to learn (their human capital). And what is true for countries is also true for people. Those denied We do not use the word “crisis” lightly. In education, an opportunity to develop their potential through as in other areas, much has been achieved over the education face the prospect of marginalisation, past decade. Enrolment levels have soared. More poverty and insecure employment. children are making it through primary education into secondary school. Gender gaps have It’s time for African governments to narrowed. Many countries have registered a pace take action of advance that would have been inconceivable when the Millennium Development Goals were Education has the potential to transform Africa’s established. social and economic development. Unlocking that potential will require governments to act with urgency Yet, on current trends, the target of universal on three fronts. primary education by 2015 will be missed by a wide margin, leaving millions of children out of school First, every government needs to redouble its efforts to – and there are worrying indications that progress ensure that all children are in school by 2015. may be slowing. Meanwhile, many of the children in school are receiving an education of such abysmal Second, far greater attention must be directed quality that they are learning very little. Far from towards the quality of education and learning accumulating “21st century skills”, millions of Africa’s achievement. Africa needs to embrace what children are emerging from primary school lacking researchers at the Brookings Institution have described basic literacy and numeracy. as a “global compact on learning” – a compact that puts a premium on results. Shortly after Ghana’s Why skills matter – for young people independence, its first president, Kwame Nkrumah, and for their countries said: “We shall measure progress by the number of children in school, and by the quality of their The twin education deficits in access to school and education.”1 Too many governments – and donors – learning in school have far-reaching consequences. have forgotten the quality part of the equation. They are undermining the potential of a whole generation of children and young people, reinforcing The third priority goes to the heart of the wider social divisions and damaging prospects for sustained agenda for jobs, justice and equity. Both in access and shared economic growth. and education quality, Africa has some of the world’s most glaring education inequalities. Most countries’ Africa’s governments have placed considerable constitutions enshrine the right of all citizens to an emphasis over the past 10 years on putting in place education, without regard to their circumstances. the macroeconomic policies needed to support Yet all too often, being born into a poor family, growth – and rightly so. But the kind of broad-based living in a rural area, being female or coming from growth that Africa needs is simply not possible if its a conflict-affected region means suffering extreme people lack the necessary skills and capabilities on disadvantage in education. These inequalities are which dynamic and broad-based growth depend. slowing down progress towards the MDGs, reinforcing 1 Nkrumah, K. n.d. quotes from Kwame Nkrumah. Pan African Perspective. Accessed on 20 April, 2012. Available from http://www.panafrican perspective.com/nkrumahquotes.html 4 A Twin Education Crisis is Holding Africa Back wider social disparities and undermining economic In Niger and Chad, over 30 per cent of young girls growth. That is why governments need to put equity are married before the age of 15, and for a far wider at the centre of their education strategies. group of countries – including Mali, Mozambique, Ethiopia and Burkina Faso – over half marry by 18.4 Some impressive progress has been made… Africa’s education deficits do not end with primary education. There are 19 million adolescents out of Measured by the number of children sitting in school, many of them making the transition to work classrooms, Africa has registered some remarkable without having completed a basic education.5 achievements. The net enrolment rate, which Stated bluntly, Africa’s human capital foundations measures the proportion of primary-school-age are too weak to sustain dynamic economic growth children registered for school, increased from 60 per and shared prosperity. cent in 2000 to 76 per cent in 2009. Over the same period, out-of-school numbers fell from 42 million …because many groups face stark to 30 million.2 Given that Africa has the world’s disadvantage fastest-growing primary-school-age population, these outcomes are even more impressive than the Behind the statistics that measure average progress headline data suggest. Gender disparities have also across Africa lie deep inequalities in access to declined. And there has been a marked increase in education. The poor, women, ethnic minorities, rural secondary school participation, with the enrolment children and other marginalised groups suffer from rate increasing from 24 to 34 per cent. discrimination and disadvantage that create social fault-lines running through the region’s education When the MDG commitments were made in 2000, few systems. observers would have predicted the achievements registered by many countries. Tanzania had over As countries have moved closer to universal access, 3 million children out of school and enrolment was the challenge of combating these disparities has declining. Today the country is within touching been brought into sharper focus. Continued progress distance of universal primary enrolment. From Burkina towards the goal of universal primary education by Faso to Ethiopia, Mozambique, Senegal and Zambia, 2015 will require interventions that reach those who one country after another has made a breakthrough have been left behind. in enrolment. Gender inequalities remain endemic. While the …but millions of children are still not disparities are narrowing, girls still account for a in school… disproportionate share of out-of-school children. There are just 8 girls for every 10 boys in secondary school.6 Impressive as the growth in school participation may be, Africa is not on track to achieve the MDG targets.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report
    COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ANNUAL REPORT July 1,1996-June 30,1997 Main Office Washington Office The Harold Pratt House 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. 58 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021 Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (212) 434-9400; Fax (212) 861-1789 Tel. (202) 518-3400; Fax (202) 986-2984 Website www. foreignrela tions. org e-mail publicaffairs@email. cfr. org OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, 1997-98 Officers Directors Charlayne Hunter-Gault Peter G. Peterson Term Expiring 1998 Frank Savage* Chairman of the Board Peggy Dulany Laura D'Andrea Tyson Maurice R. Greenberg Robert F Erburu Leslie H. Gelb Vice Chairman Karen Elliott House ex officio Leslie H. Gelb Joshua Lederberg President Vincent A. Mai Honorary Officers Michael P Peters Garrick Utley and Directors Emeriti Senior Vice President Term Expiring 1999 Douglas Dillon and Chief Operating Officer Carla A. Hills Caryl R Haskins Alton Frye Robert D. Hormats Grayson Kirk Senior Vice President William J. McDonough Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. Paula J. Dobriansky Theodore C. Sorensen James A. Perkins Vice President, Washington Program George Soros David Rockefeller Gary C. Hufbauer Paul A. Volcker Honorary Chairman Vice President, Director of Studies Robert A. Scalapino Term Expiring 2000 David Kellogg Cyrus R. Vance Jessica R Einhorn Vice President, Communications Glenn E. Watts and Corporate Affairs Louis V Gerstner, Jr. Abraham F. Lowenthal Hanna Holborn Gray Vice President and Maurice R. Greenberg Deputy National Director George J. Mitchell Janice L. Murray Warren B. Rudman Vice President and Treasurer Term Expiring 2001 Karen M. Sughrue Lee Cullum Vice President, Programs Mario L. Baeza and Media Projects Thomas R.
    [Show full text]
  • The World Bank
    Fifty Years After Bretton Woods The Future of the IMF and the World Bank Proceedings of a conference held in Madrid, Spain September 29-30, 1994 James M. Boughton and K. Sarwar Lateef Editors International Monetary Fund World Bank Washington • 1995 ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution <91995 lnternationalMonetary Fund and World Bank Reprinted June 1995 This book was designed and produced by the IMF Graphics Section. Front cover photographs: The Mount Washington Hotel, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, U.S.A., IMF archives: and Palacio Municipal de Congresos, Cam po de las Naciones, Madrid, Spain, IMF photo by DenioZara. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fifty Years after Bretton Woods : the future of the IMF and the World Bank : proceedings of a conference held in Madrid, Spain, Septem­ her 29-30, 1994 1 jamesM. Boughton and K. Sarwar Lateef, editors. -Washington:International Monetary Fund :World Bank Group, 1995. ISBN 1-55775-487-X ı. International finance-Congresses. 2. International Mone­ tary Fund- Congresses. 3. World Bank-Congresses.I. Bough­ ton, james M. Il. Lateef, K. Sarwar. HG388l.F4 1995 Price: US$21.00 Please send orders to: InternationalMonetary Fund, Publication Services 700 19th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20431,U.S.A. Tel.: (202) 623-7430 Telefax: (202) 623-7201 Internet: [email protected] ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution Foreword The Bretton Woods conference of July 1944 was of incalculable impor­ tance for the world economy. It demonstrated and gave life to a remark­ able spirit of international economic cooperation; produced agreements that made possible the reconstnıction of war-torn economies and an un­ precedented growth of output and trade in the following decades; and created two institutions, which we now have the honor to lead, that have been central in the effort to achieve those goals.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Africa Progress Panel
    LIGHTS, POWER, ACTION ABOUT THE AFRICA PROGRESS PANEL KOFI ANNAN MICHEL CAMDESSUS PETER EIGEN BOB GELDOF GRAÇA MACHEL STRIVE MASIYIWA OLUSEGUN OBASANJO LINAH MOHOHLO ROBERT RUBIN TIDJANE THIAM The Africa Progress Panel consists of ten distinguished members give them a formidable capability to access the individuals from the private and public sectors who worlds of politics, business, diplomacy and civil society at advocate for equitable and sustainable development the highest levels, globally and in Africa. As a result, the for Africa. Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the Panel functions in a unique policy space with the ability to United Nations and Nobel laureate, chairs the Africa influence diverse decision-makers. Progress Panel and is closely involved in its day-to-day work. The other Panel members are Michel Camdessus, The Panel builds coalitions to leverage and broker Peter Eigen, Bob Geldof, Graça Machel, Strive Masiyiwa, knowledge and to convene decision-makers to create Linah Mohohlo, Olusegun Obasanjo, Robert Rubin and change in Africa. The Panel has extensive networks of Tidjane Thiam. policy analysts and think tanks across Africa and the world. By bringing together the latest thinking from these The Africa Progress Panel brings about policy change knowledge and political networks, the Africa Progress through a unique combination of cutting-edge analysis, Panel contributes to generating evidence-based policies advocacy and diplomacy. The life experiences of Panel that can drive the transformation of the continent. 4 ELECTRIFYING AFRICA ABOUT THIS POLICY PAPER This policy paper is a follow-up to the Africa Progress links with the rest of the world, the paper also highlights Panel’s annual flagship reportPower, People, Planet: Seizing critical steps that must be taken by leaders in the Africa’s Energy and Climate Opportunities, published in June international public and private sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Commission for Africa Is Launched by PM Tony Blair Brandt 21 Forum
    Brandt 21 Forum P.O. Box 63776 • Philadelphia, PA 19147 • 215-592-1016 • Brandt21Forum.info FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 14, 2004 Commission for Africa is Launched by PM Tony Blair Panel Discusses Brandt and Sets Development Agenda Philadelphia/Los Angeles — On May 4, 2004 British Prime Minister Tony Blair chaired the first meeting of the Commission for Africa in London. The high-level group of politicians and economists, representing thirteen industrialized and developing nations, will spend the next year analyzing the problems of underdevelopment in Africa and recommending new solutions to improve the economic and social conditions of the poverty-stricken continent. Blair’s team of experts reviewed the proposals of the Brandt Commission, a panel spearheaded by former German Chancellor Willy Brandt in the early 1980s, which set out a similar plan for global development. Unlike the Brandt Commission, which was an independent body of retired politicians, the new initiative is comprised of active political leaders. After the group’s report is published next April, Blair intends to use Great Britain’s presidency of the G-8 and EU summits in 2005 to petition those bodies for new development financing for Africa. Current trends indicate that many African states — plagued with HIV/AIDS, low life-expectancy, and chronic poverty — will not meet their 2000 UN Millennium Development Goals for 2015. At its conference last week at No. 10 Downing Street, the Commission for Africa set an agenda for its future discussions, including conflict resolution and peace building, health and human development, AIDS, natural resources and agriculture, governance, education, culture, heritage, and participation.
    [Show full text]
  • Linah K Mohohlo: the Financial Crisis – Impact on Africa
    Linah K Mohohlo: The financial crisis – impact on Africa Remarks by Ms Linah K Mohohlo, Governor of the Bank of Botswana and a member of the African Progess Panel (APP), on behalf of the APP Chairman at the meeting on “The financial crisis: impact on Africa”, Tunis, Tunisia, 12 November 2008. * * * I wish to begin by tendering profound apologies from the Chairman of the Africa Progress Panel, Mr Kofi Annan, who is unable to be a part of this meeting due to overlapping commitments. He is particularly disappointed by his inability to attend as today’s meeting is taking place partly as a result of conversations between him and the President of the African Development Bank (ADB), Dr Kaberuka. I have, therefore, been asked and accepted to speak on his behalf and on behalf of the other members of the Africa Progress Panel.1 For those who may not know, the Africa Progress Panel exists to monitor, encourage and support African countries and their development partners in taking specific steps to advance social, economic and political progress in Africa. In this context, this meeting is both significant and timely, and President Kaberuka deserves commendation for taking the initiative to get us together. The Africa Progress Panel welcomes, in particular, the collaborative approach being taken by the ADB, the African Union and the Economic Commission for Africa. This will underpin the meeting’s capacity to provide input for upcoming critical events, such as the G20 meeting that is tenable in Washington DC on November 15, and the Doha meeting on International Finance scheduled for the end of November.
    [Show full text]
  • Michel Camdessus
    Michel Camdessus Former Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, Michel Camdessus, is Honorary Governor of the Banque de France and Personal Representative of the French President, Jacques Chirac, for the New Partnership for Africa's Develop- ment (NEPAD). He is a member of the Commission for Africa, which is chaired by the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair. Mr. Camdessus was educated at the University of Paris and earned postgraduate degrees in economics at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris and at the Ecole Nationale d'Administration Publique. Following his appointment as Administrateur Civil in the French Civil Service, Mr. Camdessus joined the Treasury in the Ministry of Finance in I960. After serving as Financial Attache to the French delegation at the European Economic Community in Brussels from 1966 to 1968, he returned to the Treasury and went on to be- come Assistant Director in 1971, Deputy Director in 1974, and Director in February 1982. From 1978 to 1984, Mr. Camdessus also served as Chairman of the Paris Club, and from December 1982 to December 1984 as Chairman of the Monetary Committee of the European Economic Community. In August 1984, Mr. Camdessus was appointed Deputy Governor of the Bank of France and, in November 1984, Governor of the Bank of France. Mr. Camdessus was named Alternate Governor of the IMF for France in 1983 and Governor of the IMF in 1984. ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution Mr. Camdessus was appointed as Managing Director and Chair- man of the Executive Board of the IMF on January 16, 1987. On May 22, 1996, the Executive Board of the IMF unanimously se- lected him to serve a third five-year term as Managing Director, beginning January 16, 1997.
    [Show full text]
  • Michel Camdessus
    International Financial Institutions: Dealing with New Global Challenges Michel Camdessus Washington, D.C. • 2005 ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution ISSN 0252-3108 Editor: Archana Kumar Cover design and production: IMF Multimedia Services Division Typesetting: Alicia Etchebarne-Bourdin ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution Contents Page Foreword V Opening Remarks Andrew D. Crockett 1 International Financial Institutions: Dealing with New Global Challenges Michel Camdessus 3 Biography 21 The Per Jacobsson Lectures 23 The Per Jacobsson Foundation 25 111 ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution This page intentionally left blank ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution Foreword On Sunday, September 25, 2005, a lecture sponsored by the Per Jacobsson Foundation was presented by Michel Camdessus, Honorary Governor of the Banque de France and Former Man- aging Director of the International Monetary Fund, at the George Washington University campus in Washington. Mr. Camdessus spoke on the topic, "International Financial Institutions: Dealing with New Global Challenges." The lecture was delivered in conjunction with the Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the International Mone- tary Fund and the World Bank, as is traditionally the case. Per Ja- cobsson Foundation events, which include not only lectures but also occasional symposia on topics in finance, economic policy, and international cooperation, are also sometimes held in the context of the Annual General Meeting of the Bank for Interna- tional Settlements (BIS) in Switzerland. The Per Jacobsson Foundation was established in 1964 to com- memorate the work of Per Jacobsson (1894-1963) as a statesman in international monetary affairs. Per Jacobsson was the third Managing Director of the IMF (1956-63) and had earlier served as the Economic Adviser of the BIS (1931-56).
    [Show full text]
  • Publications Lights, Power, Action: Electrifying Africa
    LIGHTS POWER ACTION: ELECTRIFYING AFRICA LIGHTS, POWER, ACTION 2 ELECTRIFYING AFRICA CONTENTS 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9 FOREWORD BY KOFI ANNAN 14 INTRODUCTION 22 PART I: OFF-GRID SOLAR – CLIMBING THE POWER LADDER • Solar products offer an energy ladder • Solar home systems: Powering families • Box 1: Rwanda national off-grid programme • Box 2: “Impact investors” bring solar energy to African homes • Advancing access beyond the home 43 PART II: MINI-GRIDS – SERVING “THE MISSING MIDDLE” • Mini-grid models • Box 3: Africa can learn from mini-grid experience in Asia and America • Accelerating mini-grid development 60 PART III: MENDING AND EXTENDING THE GRID • National grids are failing Africans • Making power sector reforms work for all • Box 4: In Côte d’Ivoire and South Africa, reforms encounter success and challenges • Box 5: Coal’s future in Africa • Unleashing Africa’s renewable power potential • Box 6: African Renewable Energy Initiative: Creating energy systems for the future • Transmission and distribution – the weak link • Special Section: Preventing electricity losses and theft • Box 7: The Grand Inga Dam – promises and pitfalls • Regional power trade could transform Africa • Getting the finances right: Making power sustainable 94 PART IV: POLICY INSIGHTS 100 REFERENCES 107 END NOTES 3 LIGHTS, POWER, ACTION ABOUT THE AFRICA PROGRESS PANEL KOFI ANNAN MICHEL CAMDESSUS PETER EIGEN BOB GELDOF GRAÇA MACHEL STRIVE MASIYIWA OLUSEGUN OBASANJO LINAH MOHOHLO ROBERT RUBIN TIDJANE THIAM The Africa Progress Panel consists of ten distinguished members give them a formidable capability to access the individuals from the private and public sectors who worlds of politics, business, diplomacy and civil society at advocate for equitable and sustainable development the highest levels, globally and in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 African Union Chair President Cyril Ramaphosa Appoints Special Envoys to Mobilise International Economic Support for Continen
    AFRICAN UNION CHAIR PRESIDENT CYRIL RAMAPHOSA APPOINTS SPECIAL ENVOYS TO MOBILISE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC SUPPORT FOR CONTINENTAL FIGHT AGAINST COVID-19 12 APRIL 2020 The Chairperson of the African Union, President of the Republic of South Africa His Excellency Cyril Ramaphosa has appointed Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Dr Donald Kaberuka, Mr Tidjane Thiam and Mr Trevor Manuel as Special Envoys of the African Union to mobilise international support for Africa’s efforts to address the economic challenges African countries will face as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Special Envoys will be tasked with soliciting rapid and concrete support as pledged by the G20, the European Union and other international financial institutions. President Ramaphosa says: “In the light of the devastating socio-economic and political impact of the pandemic on African countries these institutions need to support African economies that are facing serious economic challenges with a comprehensive stimulus package for Africa, including deferred debt and interest payments. “The impact of the coronavirus pandemic has been global in both scale and reach, and this necessitates coordinated international action to capacitate all countries to respond effectively, but most particularly developing countries that continue to shoulder a historical burden of poverty, inequality and underdevelopment,” President Ramaphosa said. 1 President Ramaphosa added: “The sentiment expressed in two recent letters written to the G20 by a group of world leaders and a team of esteemed economists underscore the importance of bolstering health systems in poorer countries; this can only be done with the support of the international community.” Dr Okonjo-Iweala is an internationally respected economist and development expert and served two terms as Minister of Finance of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • The Commission for Africa: Rec- Ommendations for a Coherent Strategy for Africa
    S. HRG. 109–203 THE COMMISSION FOR AFRICA: REC- OMMENDATIONS FOR A COHERENT STRATEGY FOR AFRICA HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 17, 2005 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 24–843 PDF WASHINGTON : 2005 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:55 Dec 07, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 963492.SEN SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana, Chairman CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware LINCOLN CHAFEE, Rhode Island PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut NORM COLEMAN, Minnesota JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee BARBARA BOXER, California JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire BILL NELSON, Florida LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska BARACK OBAMA, Illinois MEL MARTINEZ, Florida KENNETH A. MYERS, Jr., Staff Director ANTONY J. BLINKEN, Democratic Staff Director (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:55 Dec 07, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 963492.SEN SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 CONTENTS Page Baker, Hon. Nancy Kassebaum, Commissioner, Commission for Africa, and former U.S. Senator, Washington, DC ............................................................... 5 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 9 Birdsall, Nancy, President, Center for Global Development, Washington, DC .
    [Show full text]
  • Capital Mobilisation and Economic Recovery
    OCK T S E X A C N H A B A W S N S G T E O B E ISSUE NO. 15 • JULY - SEPTEMBER 2021 CAPITAL MOBILISATION AND ECONOMIC RECOVERY P25 (INCLUDING VAT) Sold In Botswana Only 1 ADVERTISE ON THE BSE DATA DISPLAY SCREEN Showcase your brand in the heart of Gaborone’s Central Business District and create a memorable impression in the minds of your target market with the BSE’s Data Display Screen. To place an advert call (+267) 3674400 First of its kind in Botswana. A stock market or email [email protected] data display screen is an important tool in displaying real-time market information by securities exchanges across the world. On this data display screen, you will find information on: ❱ Daily price movements of BSE listed securities. ❱ BSE indices. ❱ Live streamed events hosted by BSE. ❱ Market updates and announcements by listed companies. Advertise and get ❱ A 30 seconds maximum static or video advert for BWP2, 500 ❱ Unlimited advertising possibilities. ❱ An increase in your audience engagement. ❱ Adverts displayed on a high-quality LED Data Display Screen which can’t be missed. 2 TRIBUTE TRIBUTE LINAH KELEBOGILE MOHOHLO BANK OF BOTSWANA FORMER GOVERNOR The Bank of Botswana Board, Management, and entire staff, both current and retired, join the Mohohlo family and the Nation at large in celebrating the life of a remarkable Motswana woman, Ms Linah Kelebogile Mohohlo, who we affectionately called Mmaagwe-Tumie. Ms Mohohlo was a remarkable person, with a demonstrably strong personality as well as a passion for excellence.
    [Show full text]
  • Michel Camdessus Is Honorary Governor of Banque De France and Is the Former MICHEL CAMDESSUS Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund
    Michel Camdessus is Honorary Governor of Banque de France and is the former MICHEL CAMDESSUS Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund. In January 2010, Mr. Camdessus was appointed by President Sarkozy as the Chair of Former Managing Director of the the high level working group on the reform of French public finances equilibrium rules. In September 2009 , Mr . Camdessus was appointed Special Commissioner to monitor International Monetary Fund French banks bonus payments practices. He was the Chairman of the French Financing Corporation (Société de Financement de l'Economie Française, SFEF - 2008- 2009) Michel took office as Managing Director and Chairman of the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1987. In 1996, the Executive Board of the IMF unanimously selected Michel to serve a third five-year term as Managing Director, beginning January 1997. To date, he is the longest serving Managing Director of the IMF. Earlier in his career Michel Camdessus became director of the Treasury in the Ministry of Finance in 1974, served as Chairman of the Paris Club, and was Chairman of the Monetary Committee of the European Economic Community from 1982 to 1984. In 1984, Michel was appointed Deputy Governor of the Bank of France, and then appointed Governor in November 1984. He served in this post until his appointment as the seventh Managing Director of the IMF. Among the most important events of his tenure was the East Asian financial crisis. His role has been criticized for not paying attention to the unique circumstances of the East Asian countries and blindly imposing the measures that were followed in Mexico leading to considerable turmoil and rioting in countries such as Indonesia.
    [Show full text]