Die Gattung Frailea (Br. & R.) Prestlé

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Die Gattung Frailea (Br. & R.) Prestlé Die Gattung Frailea (Br. & R.) Prestlé K.H. Prestlé 3. Ausgabe - 1998 Die Gattung Frailea Br. & R. by K.H. Prestlé 1 Die Gattung Frailea (Br. & R.) Prestlé K.H. Prestlé 3. Ausgabe - 1998 Die Gattung Frailea Br. & R. by K.H. Prestlé 2 Einleitung Nachdem die provisorische Ausgabe aus dem Jahre 1991 nicht mehr aktuell ist und die zweiteAusgabe vergriffen, halte ich es für nötig, eine dritte erweiterte Bearbeitung der Gattung Frailea heraus zu bringen, da die Nachfrage zugenommen hat. Das Ziel die Gattung in seiner Gesamtheit zu erforschen, ist zwar noch immer nicht erreicht, doch haben wir im Laufe der vergangenen Jahre viele neue Erkenntnisse durch weitere Reisen und Forschungen in den Heimatländern der Fraileen hinzu bekommen, so dass nur eine Neubearbeitung der Gattung den Wissenstand von 1998 dokumentieren kann. Ich möchte mich hier bei meinen Freunden und Mitarbeitern bedanken, die viel Zeit und Energie in der Bearbeitung der lat. Übersetzungen und der Herstellung vieler REM-Photo's eingesetzt haben, ohne die eine derartig grosse Arbeit garnicht möglich geworden wäre. Dank gilt auch meinen brasil. Freunden und Reisebegleitern, die mich über 30 000 km auf meinen 7 Studienreisen begleitet haben, sowie den Freunden, die auf ihren Reisen durch Argentinien, Paraguay und Ostbolivien, das Wissen über die Gattung Frailea durch eigene Funde bereichern konnten. Ich hoffe, dass diese Ausgabe, welche auch als Arbeitsgrundlage gedacht ist, dazu beitragen wird, dass die vielen Formen der Gattung Frailea bei den Liebhabern immer mehr Zuspruch finden werden und das die Ausgabe dazu beitragen wird, dass das Wissen über die Fraileen auch in Zukunft erhalten bleibt. Veghel den, 1. Januar 1998 Addition: This third edition has been digitized and converted from Ami-Pro by Paul C. Laney, Netherlands Die Gattung Frailea Br. & R. by K.H. Prestlé 3 Geschichte der Gattung Frailea Bei der Herausgabe des neuen Standartwerkes über die Kakteen " The Cactaceae" im Jahre 1922, stellten die Autoren Britton & Rose, durch Aufteilung der sog. Grossgattung Echinocactus, die neue Gattung Frailea auf. Die Gattung umfasste 8 Arten und wurde als sog. Kleingattung eingeführt, was zeigt, dass die Kentnisse über den Umfang und der Grösse der Gattung völlig unzureichend waren. Der Name "Frailea" wurde der Kleingattung nach dem in Spanien geborenen und in den U.S.A. lebenden Botaniker Manuel Fraile gegeben, einem Landbauexperten, der mit der Erforschung oder Züchtung der Kakteen nichts zu tun hatte. Die erste Frailea die aus dem südamerikanischem Kontinent Europa erreichte, war Echinocactus pumilus, worüber der franz.Botaniker Lemaire 1838 in der franz. Ausgabe von "Cact. Aliqu.! am 21.Nov.1838, berichtet. Wir können heute davon ausgehen, dass dieser Pflanzenfund durch Neusiedler gemacht wurde, die dem Rio de la Plata folgend, den Rio Uruguay hinauffuhren und in den heutigen Gebieten von Uruguay und Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil.) diese Art auf den dortigen Weideflächen fanden. Ganz ähnlich dürfte es auch mit Echinocactus gracillimus gegangen sein, nur dass diese Neusiedler die westliche Routa des Rio de la Plata folgend, entlang der Südküste von Uruguay durch den Lagoa des Patos die Gegend von Porto-Alegre und Guaiba (Brasil. -Rio Grande do Sul) erreichten und dort die cereioden Formen der Frailea gracillimus antroffen. In Paris angekommen, beschrieb Lemaire 1839 auch diese Art, wobei jedoch aus Unwissenheit über die Herkunft, Paraguay als Fundort angegeben wurde. Der Fund weiterer neuer Arten in Paraguay und den angrenzenden Gebieten von Argentinien am Rio Parana und dem Rio Paraguay, war dann auch die natürliche Folge weiterer Gebiets-besetzungen an den Ufern dieser beschiffbaren Flüsse. So berichtet K.Schumann in der deutschen Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 1897, Pag.108, über den Fund von Echinocactus schilinzkyana und zwei Jahre später 1899,Pag 54 in der gleichen Zeitschrift, über Echinocactus grahlianus, wobei in diesen Berichten auch jeglicher Hinweis auf den Fundort wie Finder fehlt, was sich bis heute bei der Suche nach diesen alten Arten bemerkbar macht, da gerade diese alten Funde heute nur noch sehr selten in diesen Gebieten vorhanden sind, oder aber an Orten stehen, die heute unbekannt sind. Im Jahre 1904 folgt ein Bericht von Prof. Dams über den Fund von Echinocactus cataphractus in der deutschen Monatszeitschrift für Kakteenkunde-1904 / 14 / 172., sowie auch ein Bericht des bekannten Botanikers Quel über den Fund von Echinocactus knippelianus 1902/12/9 in gleicher Zeitschrift, was zeigt, dass inzwischen die Besiedlung des paraguaischen Innlandes des Dept. Paraguari, begonnen hatte, wo diese Arten, wie wir heute wissen, beheimatet sind. Mit der Eröffnung der neuen Botanischen Universität in Buenos-Aires, Argentinien, erfolgen auch die ersten Feldstudien von Prof. Spegazzini in den benachbarten Pampagebieten von Uruguay. 1905 veröffentlicht Spegazzini in den Analen Mus.Nac. Buenos-Aires in der Ausgabe 11/4/497 den Fund von Echinocactus pygmaeus. Die Gattung Frailea Br. & R. by K.H. Prestlé 4 In den darauf folgenden Jahren wird es infolge der eingetreteten Kriegswirren in Europa still um die Kakteen der Pampa und das Interesse erwacht erst wieder mit den Forschungs- u. Sammelreisen von A.F. Fric in den Jahren von 19222 bis 1928. In der Zeitschrift " Möllers Deutsche Gärtnerzeitschrift" berichtet A.F. Fric über den Fund von Frailea pygmaea var, dadakii vom Cerro del Montevideo(Urug.). In Discriptiones Latinae Speciorum Novarum des Jahres 1935/ Pag.415, beschreibt C, Backeberg Frailea pygmaea var. aurea, doch auch hier wird kein Fundort oder Finder bekannt gemacht, so dass über Jahrzehnte eine Frailea pumila Forma, als Frailea pygmaea var. aurea angesehen und in den Sammlungen von 1935 bis 1965 als solche gehalten wird.. Erst mit dem Fund von PR 38 im Jahre 1976 in Süduruguay an der Puenta-Ballena wird deutlich, dass Frailea pygmaea var. aurea Backebg. identisch ist mit der neu gefundenen Subvar. PR 38 von der Puenta- Ballena. In gleicher Ausgabe gibt C. Backeberg eine Kurzbeschreibung von Frailea castanea, was in den darauf folgenden Jahren zu grossen Meinungsverschiedenheiten zwischen C.Backeberg und Prof. Werderman führt, da C. Backeberg in seiner Ausgabe "Cacteacea" ein Foto von Frailea asterioides als Frailea castanea bezeichnet. Prof. Werdermann beschreibt 1937 in Fedde-Repetorium Bd.42;6-7 jedoch Frailea asterioides zurecht als " neue " Art, wobei bis heute unklar blieb, ob Frailea asterioides von dem Pflanzensucher H.Blossfeld oder aber von Mueller-Melchers gefunden wurde. Fest steht heute, dass es sich hier um zwei völlig unterschiedliche Arten handelt, die jedoch zum Teil im gleichen Gebietsareal nebeneinander vorkommen. Sehr wahrscheinlich beruht die Verwechselung des Pflanzenfotos in der Ausgabe "Cacteacea" von C. Backebg. auf ein Irrtum. Es ist an zu nemen, dass C. Backeberg von beiden Arten Pflanzenmaterial in seinen Glashäusern in Südfrankreich hatte und die Etiketten vertauscht wurden (Siehe Succulenta 1979, Emendierung der Erstbeschreibung von Frailea castanea, Backebg. K.H.Prestle, 1979/ 5 / 113 .) 1931 beschreibt Prof. Werdermann im Notizblatt " Bot. Batt. " des Bot. Garten von Berlin Dahlem (1931 / 11 /271), den Fund von Frailea columbiana in der Cordillera Occidental auf einer Höhe von 1500 bis 1800 Meter, bei Dagua en El Camino de Buenaventura. a Cali., in Columbien. Wir wissen heute, dass es sich hier nur um eine verschleppte Form von Frailea pumila handelte, die von Patern aus der Pampa mitgenommen wurde.. Die Art muss als " nom validum " angesehen werden. 1941 veröffentlicht der urug.Botaniker C. Osten in den Analen del Museo de Historia Naturel del Montevideo in der Ausgabe " Notas sobre Cactaceas" einige Angaben über das Vorkommen von Frailea pygmaea var. phaeodisca Speg. (Herbar. Nr. 16.011). 1949 veröffentlichen der brasil. Botaniker Voll und C. Backeberg in Aequ.Jard.Bot. de Rio de Janeiro IX / 174, die Erstbeschreibung von Frailea alacriportana Voll & Backbg. und grenzen diese Art von Frailea gracillima ;Lemaire ab. Kilian gibt in Descr. Cact.Nov. II / 6 / 1963 von C. Backebg. eine Kurzbeschreibung von Frailea carminifilamentosa, wobei keine Angaben über das Fundgebiet und dem Finder gemacht werden. 1965 beschreibt V. Hrabe in der tschech.Zeitschrift "Kaktusy " Frailea chrysacantha 65/131, wegen des Fehlens einer lat. Diagnose wird diese Beschreibung jedoch nicht anerkannt und als "nom.inval " aufgeführt ! Die Gattung Frailea Br. & R. by K.H. Prestlé 5 In Descr.Cact. Nov. (1963) erfolgt von C. Backeberg eine Kurzbeschreibung von Frailea pullispina, Backebg. aus Ostbolivien, gefunden von Pater Hammerschmidt, sowie einige kurze Daten zu den Varietäten atrispina und centrispina. In gleicher Ausgabe (Descr.Cact.Nov.1963) finden wir eine Kurzbeschreibung von Frailea uhligiana, Backbg., einer Frailea aus Ostbolivien die der Frailea asterioides Werd. im Habitus ähnlich ist !Über den Finder ist nichts bekannt, sehr wahrscheinlich ist auch dieser Fund von Pater Hamerschmidt getätigt worden, in der Kurzbeschreibung werden darüber keine Angaben gemacht. 1971 beschreiben A. Buining und G. Moser die von A. Friedrich in Paraguay gefundenen Fraileen; friedrichii, ybatensis, conceptionensis, ignationensis sowie cataphracta var. tuyensis in der holländischen Kakteenzeitschrift Succulenta. 1971 veröffentlicht L. Cervinca in der tschechslovakischen Ausgabe von "Frailea" seine Arbeit über die " gelbdornigen Fraileen " und beschreibt die gelbdornigen Formen von Frailea hlineckiana 1971 (2):13 und Frailea jajoiana 1971(2) 13-14. Die in der gleichen
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