DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 1. Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 1. Introduction Notes 163 Notes Chapter 1. Introduction 1A brief look at the titles of studies on sovereignty in the 1990s shows this interest. For instance, Joseph A. Camilleri and Jim Falk, The End of Sovereignty? The Politics of a Shrinking and Fragmenting World (Brookfield: Elgar, 1992); Kaarle Nordenstreng and Herbert I. Schiller, eds, Beyond National Sovereignty: International Communication in the 1990s (Norwood: Ablex, 1992); Marianne Heiberg, ed., Subduing Sov- ereignty: Sovereignty and the Right to Intervene (London: Pinter, 1994); David J. Elkins, Beyond Sovereignty: Territory and Political Economy in the Twenty-First Century (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995); Tom Farer, ed., Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Democracy in the Americas (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996); Thomas Martin, ‘The End of Sovereignty’, Democracy and Nature 3(2) (1996); Thom Kuehls, Beyond Sovereign Territory (Minneapolis: Uni- versity of Minnesota Press, 1996); and Richard Kearney, ‘Beyond Sovereignty’, Index on Censorship, 27(5) (1998). 2 See Resolutions 682, 664 and 674 (1990), and 686 (1991), of the United Nations Security Council. 3 See Agreements on a Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambo- dia Conflict and Annex 1. UNTAC Mandate. 4Cynthia Weber, Simulating Sovereignty: Intervention, the State and Symbolic Exchange (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995). See also Thomas J. Bierstaker and Cynthia Weber, eds, State Sovereignty as Social Construct (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996). 5 F.H. Hinsley, Sovereignty, 2nd edn (Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press, 1986), p. 26. 6 Ibid., pp. 1–26. 7 Alan James, Sovereign Statehood: The Basis of International Society (Lon- don: Allen & Unwin, 1986), p. 8. 8Jens Bartelson, A Genealogy of Sovereignty (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 1995), pp. 48–52. 9 Ibid., ch. 4. 10 Ibid., pp. 88–136, 215–20. 11 Weber, Simulating Sovereignty, pp. 34–9. 12 Ibid., p. 121. 13 Ibid., p. 127. 14 Cynthia Weber, ‘Reconsidering Statehood: Examining the Sovereignty/ Intervention Boundary’, Review of International Studies 10(3) (1992), p. 216. 163 164 Notes 15 Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York: Vintage, 1989), II-13. 16 Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States 1933. 17 See Bertrand de Jouvenel, Sovereignty: An Inquiry into the Political Good, trans. by J.F. Huntington (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957), p. 171. 18 See Walter W. Skeat, An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, new edn (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924), p. 584. 19 See Andrew Vincent, Theories of the State (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987), pp. 16–19. 20 Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought, II: The Age of Reformation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), pp. 353–4. 21 See Franz Susemihl and R.D. Hicks, The Politics of Aristotle (London: Macmillan, 1894), p. 381. 22 Charles Howard McIlwain, The Growth of Political Thought in the West (New York: Macmillan, 1932), pp. 80–1, 118. 23 See Hinsley, Sovereignty, pp. 27–60. 24 Ewart Lewis, Medieval Political Ideas (New York: Cooper Square, 1974), pp. 28–30. 25 Michael Wilks, The Problem of Sovereignty in the Later Middle Ages: The Papal Monarchy with Augustinus Triumphus and Publicists (Cam- bridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963), pp. 41–2. 26 Michel Foucault, The Order of Things (London: Routledge, 1966), p. xxiv. 27 Ibid., pp. 36–8. 28 Ibid., p. 57. 29 Ibid., p. 307. 30 Jean Bodin, On Sovereignty, ed. Julian Franklin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992; originally published 1576), p. 1. 31 Ibid., p. 13. 32 Ibid., pp. 34, 46. 33 Ibid., p. 35. 34 Ibid., p. 46. 35 Ibid,. p. 50. 36 Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, ed. C.B. Macpherson (London: Penguin, 1985; originally published 1651), p. 227. 37 Ibid., p. 81. 38 Foucault, The Order of Things, p. 308. 39 Ibid., pp. 166–302. 40 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract and Discourses, trans. by G.D.H. Cole (London: Everyman’s Library, 1968; originally published in French 1762), p. 240. 41 Ibid., p. 21. 42 Ibid., p. 175. 43 Ibid., pp. 20, 21. Notes 165 44 Ibid., pp. 14, 15 45 Vattel, The Law of Nations, I, translated from French (London: J. Newbery et al., 1760; originally published 1758), p. 1. 46 Ibid. 47 Ibid., p. 10. 48 Ibid., p. 19. 49 This relationship is similar to that of the two concepts of liberty formulated by Isaiah Berlin in ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’ (delivered in 1957), in Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992). Positive liberty is being one’s own master, liberty to. Nega- tive liberty is being without interference, liberty from. Nationalism is one of the most powerful positive liberty doctrines in the modern era. In order to achieve a ‘higher’ and ‘truer’ self, man must incor- porate himself into his nation. Constitutionalism is an attempt to set up rules for the protection of negative liberty. In order to pro- tect individual rights, there must be fundamental rules that any political power cannot override. When man pursues his ‘higher’ and ‘truer’ self, the nation appears to be the highest ‘social whole’. It is a moral claim that the nation be the supreme holder of state sovereignty. When individual liberty is strongly protected, constitutional rules function to restrain any kind of public power. It is then a legal claim that constitutional rules have priority over the principle of sovereignty. Just as the two concepts of liberty coexist, the two types of sovereignty coexist. However, we can still trace tensions between the two belief systems. 50 Hersch Lauterpacht, ‘The Grotian Tradition in International Law’, The British Year Book of International Law 1946 (London, Henry Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton, 1946), pp. 19–20. See also Hedley Bull, ‘The Importance of Grotius in the Study of International Relations’, in Hedley Bull, Benedict Kingsbury and Adam Roberts, eds, Hugo Grotius and International Relations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990). 51 Carl J. Friedrich, Constitutional Government and Democracy: Theory and Practice in Europe and America, 4th edn (Waltham: Blaisdell, 1968), p. 26. 52 Ibid., pp. 19–20. 53 See Martin Wight’s description of ‘Western values’ as ‘the constitu- tional tradition’ and the principle of ‘the golden mean’ represented by many Anglo-American thinkers, in Martin Wight, ‘Western Values in International Relations’, in Herbert Butterfield and Martin Wight, eds, Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in Theory of International Politics (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966), pp. 89–91. 54 See the phrase ‘international constitutionalism’ employed in Friedrich, Constitutional Government, p. 31. 55 Hugo Grotius, The Illustrious Hugo Grotius of the Law of Warre and Peace with Annotations (London: T. Warren, 1654), pp. 84–6. 166 Notes Chapter 2. Classical Constitutional Notions of Sovereignty 1 Julian H. Franklin points out that in sixteenth and seventeenth cen- turies Europe Bodin’s notion of indivisible sovereignty was influential, but vigorously criticised. Franklin, ‘Sovereignty and the Mixed Con- stitutions: Bodin and His Critics’, in J.H. Burns, ed., The Cambridge History of Political Thought, 1450–1700 (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 1991), p. 298. 2 J.P. Sommerville, Politics and Ideology in England, 1603–1640 (Lon- don: Longman, 1986), chs. 1, 2, 3. 3 Sir Edward Coke spoke in the debate on the Petition of Right: ‘I know that prerogative is part of the law, but “sovereign power” is no Parliamentary word in my opinion.’ Robert C. Johnson et al., eds, Commons Debates 1628, III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), p. 495. Hedley Thomas, common lawyer, on the inviolability of private property and sovereignty, praised the ‘so ancient, honourable and happy state, so prudently compact of the sovereignty of the king and the liberty of the subject’. Elizabeth Read Foster, ed., Proceed- ings in Parliament 1610, II: House of Commons (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), pp. 195, 197. 4 Referring to the predecessors of post-Bodinian public lawyers, Lawson distinguished between ‘personal sovereignty’ and ‘real sovereignty’ or majesty. According to Lawson, while the king possesses personal sovereignty, real sovereignty is in the community. It is ‘the power of constitution’ in the sense that the consent of the community is the foundation of a commonwealth. George Lawson, Pacta Sacra et Civilis, ed. Conal Condren (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1660), pp. 45–9. 5The contrast between ‘sovereignty in the Lockean tradition’, which includes Lawson and the American Federalists, and ‘sovereignty in Bodin, Hobbes, and Rousseau’ is discussed, for instance, in Julie Mostov, Power, Process, and Popular Sovereignty (Philadelphia: Temple Univer- sity Press, 1992), pp. 52–72. 6 See John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967; originally published 1690), pp. 326–7. 7 Ibid., p. 385. 8 Ibid., p. 445. 9 Ibid., p. 385. 10 Ibid., p. 424. 11 Ibid., p. 435. 12 Julian H. Franklin, John Locke and the Theory of Sovereignty: Mixed Monarchy and the Right of Resistance in the Political Thought of the English Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), p. 124. 13 Raghuveer Singh, ‘John Locke and the Idea of Sovereignty’, Indian Notes 167 Journal of Political Science, 20(4) (1959), p. 328. Singh emphasises that Locke ‘belongs to the second tradition of Western political thought’ distinct from the ‘Hobbesian-Austinian’ tradition. 14 See Locke, Two Treatises, p. 391. The maxim ‘Salus Populi Suprema Lex’ was widely cited by seventeenth century pamphleteers. The maxim was the title of a book published in 1648, whose subtitle was The Peoples Safety is the Sole Soveraignty. The author wrote: ‘Is not the State at large the absolute King, and the King (so-called) the king- doms Steward? Is not the King and all Magistrates the Kingdoms ministers and servants? Is it not their duty and glory to serve the Kingdom? . though he is above every one, yet not all; and com- mon safety is the sole Sovereign.’ Salus Populi Solus Rex: The Peoples Safety is the Sole Soveraignty, or the Royalist Out-reasoned (1648), p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1. Quincy Wright, a Study of War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964, First Published 1942) Pp
    Notes 1 Introduction 1. Quincy Wright, A Study of War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964, first published 1942) pp. 65-7. 2. Raymond Aron, Peace and War (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966) p. 244. 3. Aron, p. 24. 4. Aron, p. 243. 2 Resources and Strategy to 1914 1. See Martin van Creveld, 'The Origins and Development of Mobiliza­ tion Warfare' in Gordon H. McCormick and Richard E. Bissell (eds) Strategic Dimensions of Economic Behavior (New York: Praeger, 1984) pp. 26-43. 2. Arnold Toynbee, Mankind and Mother Earth (Oxford: Oxford Uni­ versity Press, 1976) p. 88. 3. Geoffrey Kemp and John Maurer, 'The Logistics of Pax Britannica' in Uri Ra'anan et al. (eds) Projection of Power: Perspectives, Perceptions and Problems (Hamden: Archon, 1982) p. 30. 4. See Geoffrey Parker, The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road 1567-1659 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972). 5. Raymond Aron, Peace and War (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966) pp. 244-5. 6. John Evelyn, Navigation and Commerce (1674). Quoted in Aron, p.245. 7. Gordon H. McCormick 'Strategic Considerations in the Development of Economic Thought' in McCormick and Bissell, p. 4. 8. McCormick, p. 5. See Eli F. Heckscher, Mercantilism (London: Allen & Unwin, 1955); 'Revisions in Economic History, V, Mercantilism', The Economic History Review, vol. vii, 1936; and Jacob Viner, 'Policy versus Plenty as Objectives of Foreign Policy in the 17th and 18th Centuries', World Politics, vol. i (1948-49). 9. Heckscher, Mercantilism, vol. ii, p. 43. 10. See John H. Maurer, 'Economics, Strategy and War in Historical Perspective', in McCormick and Bissell, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Émigré Scholars and the Genesis of International Relations: a European Discipline in America? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
    Émigré Scholars and the Genesis of International Relations A European Discipline in America? Felix Rösch ISBN: 9781137334695 DOI: 10.1057/9781137334695 Palgrave Macmillan Please respect intellectual property rights This material is copyright and its use is restricted by our standard site license terms and conditions (see palgraveconnect.com/pc/connect/info/terms_conditions.html). If you plan to copy, distribute or share in any format, including, for the avoidance of doubt, posting on websites, you need the express prior permission of Palgrave Macmillan. To request permission please contact [email protected]. Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitatea din Craiova - PalgraveConnect - 2014-09-22 - PalgraveConnect din Craiova - licensed to Universitatea www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9781137334695 - Émigré Scholars and the Genesis of International Relations, Felix Rösch Palgrave Studies in International Relations Series General Editors: Knud Erik Jørgensen, Department of Political Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark Audie Klotz, Department of Political Science, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, USA Palgrave Studies in International Relations, produced in association with the ECPR Standing Group for International Relations, will provide students and scholars with the best theoretically informed scholarship on the global issues of our time. Edited by Knud Erik Jørgensen and Audie Klotz, this new book series will comprise cutting-edge monographs
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Democratization, East and West: How People Around the World View Democracy
    Cultural Democratization, East and West: How People around the World View Democracy Since the fall of the Berlin Wall more than two decades ago, numerous public opinion surveys have been conducted to monitor and compare how ordinary citizenries have reacted to the democratization taking place around them. These surveys have revealed that a large majority of the global mass publics sees democracy as valuable and prefers it to autocratic regimes. On the basis of their findings, an increasing number of scholars and policymakers have recently begun to advocate the thesis that the entire world is becoming democratic. This course is designed to evaluate this thesis of global democratization by analyzing and comparing citizen views of democracy across regions in democratic transitions, including Africa, the Middle East, East Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Latin America. Conceptually, the course builds on the notion that democratization is a dynamic phenomenon that has multiple dimensions and levels, and takes place in individual citizens and their political institutions. Theoretically, it is grounded in the perspective that to operate properly, a democratic political system requires “software” congruent with the various components of its institutional hardware, and citizen orientations to democracy and their favorable reactions to its institutions are key components of the software required for democracy to work. Objectives: I have three objectives in teaching this course. The first is to review recent developments in the study of democratic culture. The second is to introduce regional and global public opinion surveys recently conducted to monitor citizen reactions to democratization. The third is to encourage students to develop the skills of evaluating theoretical and empirical claims.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph
    University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph H. Records Collection Records, Ralph Hayden. Papers, 1871–1968. 2 feet. Professor. Magazine and journal articles (1946–1968) regarding historiography, along with a typewritten manuscript (1871–1899) by L. S. Records, entitled “The Recollections of a Cowboy of the Seventies and Eighties,” regarding the lives of cowboys and ranchers in frontier-era Kansas and in the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma Territory, including a detailed account of Records’s participation in the land run of 1893. ___________________ Box 1 Folder 1: Beyond The American Revolutionary War, articles and excerpts from the following: Wilbur C. Abbott, Charles Francis Adams, Randolph Greenfields Adams, Charles M. Andrews, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Thomas Anburey, Clarence Walroth Alvord, C.E. Ayres, Robert E. Brown, Fred C. Bruhns, Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, Benjamin Franklin, Carl Lotus Belcher, Henry Belcher, Adolph B. Benson, S.L. Blake, Charles Knowles Bolton, Catherine Drinker Bowen, Julian P. Boyd, Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh, Sanborn C. Brown, William Hand Browne, Jane Bryce, Edmund C. Burnett, Alice M. Baldwin, Viola F. Barnes, Jacques Barzun, Carl Lotus Becker, Ruth Benedict, Charles Borgeaud, Crane Brinton, Roger Butterfield, Edwin L. Bynner, Carl Bridenbaugh Folder 2: Douglas Campbell, A.F. Pollard, G.G. Coulton, Clarence Edwin Carter, Harry J. Armen and Rexford G. Tugwell, Edward S. Corwin, R. Coupland, Earl of Cromer, Harr Alonzo Cushing, Marquis De Shastelluz, Zechariah Chafee, Jr. Mellen Chamberlain, Dora Mae Clark, Felix S. Cohen, Verner W. Crane, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Cromwell, Arthur yon Cross, Nellis M. Crouso, Russell Davenport Wallace Evan Daview, Katherine B.
    [Show full text]
  • Reviewer Fatigue? Why Scholars PS Decline to Review Their Peers’ Work
    AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION Reviewer Fatigue? Why Scholars PS Decline to Review Their Peers’ Work | Marijke Breuning, Jeremy Backstrom, Jeremy Brannon, Benjamin Isaak Gross, Announcing Science & Politics Political Michael Widmeier Why, and How, to Bridge the “Gap” Before Tenure: Peer-Reviewed Research May Not Be the Only Strategic Move as a Graduate Student or Young Scholar Mariano E. Bertucci Partisan Politics and Congressional Election Prospects: Political Science & Politics Evidence from the Iowa Electronic Markets Depression PSOCTOBER 2015, VOLUME 48, NUMBER 4 Joyce E. Berg, Christopher E. Peneny, and Thomas A. Rietz dep1 dep2 dep3 dep4 dep5 dep6 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 Bayesian Analysis Trace Histogram −.002 500 −.004 400 −.006 300 −.008 200 100 −.01 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0 Iteration number −.01 −.008 −.006 −.004 −.002 Autocorrelation Density 0.80 500 all 0.60 1−half 400 2−half 0.40 300 0.20 200 0.00 100 0 10 20 30 40 0 Lag −.01 −.008 −.006 −.004 −.002 Here are some of the new features: » Bayesian analysis » IRT (item response theory) » Multilevel models for survey data » Panel-data survival models » Markov-switching models » SEM: survey data, Satorra–Bentler, survival models » Regression models for fractional data » Censored Poisson regression » Endogenous treatment effects » Unicode stata.com/psp-14 Stata is a registered trademark of StataCorp LP, 4905 Lakeway Drive, College Station, TX 77845, USA. OCTOBER 2015 Cambridge Journals Online For further information about this journal please go to the journal website at: journals.cambridge.org/psc APSA Task Force Reports AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION Let’s Be Heard! How to Better Communicate Political Science’s Public Value The APSA task force reports seek John H.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography on World Conflict and Peace
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 097 246 SO 007 806 AUTHOR Boulding, Elise; Passions, J. Robert TITLE Bibliography on World Conflict and Peace. INSTITUTION American Sociological Association, Washington, D.C.; Consortium on Peace Research, Education, and Development, Boulder, Colo. PUB DATE Aug 74 NOT? 82p. AVAILABLE FROMBibliography Project, c/o Dorothy Carson, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302 ($2.50; make checks payable to Boulding Projects Fund) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 BC Not Available from !DRS. PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Bibliographies; *Conflict Resolution; Development; Disarmament; Environment; *Futures (of Society); *Global Approach; Instructional Materials; International Education; international Law; International Organizations; *Peace; Political Science; Social Action; Systems Approach; *World Affairs IDENTIFIERS *Nonviolence ABSTRACT This bibliography is compiled primarily in response to the needs of teachers and students in the new field of conflict and peace studies, defined as the analysis of the characteristics of the total world social system which make peace more probable. The introduction includes some suggestions on how to use the bibliography, sources of literature on war/peace studies, and a request to users for criticisms and suggestions. Books, monographs, research reports, journal articles, or educational materials were included when they were:(1) related to conflict management at every social level,(2) relevant to nonviolence, and (3) classic statements in an academic specialization, such as foreign policy studies when of particular significance for conflict studies. A subject guide to the main categories of the bibliography lists 18 major topics with various numbered subdivisions. Th%. main body of the bibliography lists citations by author and keys this to the topic subdivisions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity. Volume 6: War and Peace, Sex and Violence
    The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity. Volume 6: War and Peace, Sex and Violence The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Ziolkowski, Jan M. The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity. Volume 6: War and Peace, Sex and Violence. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. Published Version https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/822 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40880864 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity VOLUME 6: WAR AND PEACE, SEX AND VIOLENCE JAN M. ZIOLKOWSKI THE JUGGLER OF NOTRE DAME VOLUME 6 The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity Vol. 6: War and Peace, Sex and Violence Jan M. Ziolkowski https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Jan M. Ziolkowski This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Jan M. Ziolkowski, The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 May 23, 2016 David Keanu Sai, Ph.D.* 1.1. This Report Is Provided
    WAR CRIMES REPORT: HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS May 23, 2016 David Keanu Sai, Ph.D.* 1. PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 1.1. This Report is provided as an addendum to the Hawaiian Complaint submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Council, by email, on May 23, 2016, in accordance with article IV—Complaint Procedure of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, in order for the Council to be seized of the situation in the Hawaiian Islands of consistent patterns of gross and reliably attested violations of humanitarian law, human rights law and fundamental freedoms. Additionally, paragraph 2 of the annex provides that “given the complementary and mutually interrelated nature of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, the review shall take into account applicable international humanitarian law.” 1.2. These violations of humanitarian law and human rights law arise out of the prolonged and illegal occupation of the entire territory of the Hawaiian Kingdom by the United States of America (United States) since the Spanish- American War on August 12, 1898, and the failure on the part of the United States to establish a direct system of administering the laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom during the occupation. The United States disguised its occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom as if a treaty of cession acquired the Hawaiian Islands and thereby extinguished the Hawaiian Kingdom as an independent and sovereign State. There is no treaty. 1.3. For the past 123 years, the United States has committed a serious international wrongful act and deliberately misled the international community that the Hawaiian Islands had been incorporated into the territory of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews
    BOOK REVIEWS EDITED BY MICHAEL P. WEBER The Good Provider: H. J. Heinz and His 57 Varieties. By Robert C. Alberts. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973. Pp. 297. $10.00.) Who has not at some time sampled one of Heinz's 57 Varieties? Everyone who likes to eat will be interested in this biography of H. J. Heinz by Robert Alberts, who gave such an entertaining talk on William Bingham at the an- nual meeting of the Pennsylvania Historical Association a few years ago. This particular volume is the outgrowth of an article in American Heritage magazine and still shows signs of being intended for a popular rather than a scholarly audience. It is a sympathetic account of a simple, honest, hardworking, deeply religious son of German immigrants who embodied the Horatio Alger tradition without being an especially complex or interesting person. Nevertheless, it reminds us how many of today's famous firms were originally such personal enterprises. It is a little surprising, however, that Mr. Alberts places Heinz on the same level as other Pittsburgh magnates like Carnegie, Frick, Mellon, and Westinghouse, with whom he seems to have had relatively little communication. Yet certainly the story of the Heinz company is a significant aspect of nineteenth-century social history, reflecting as it does changes in the American diet made possible by new developments in transportation, re- frigeration, and the preservation of food in cans. The book shows that the company's success was based on a combination of large-scale production and skillful techniques in public relations and advertising.
    [Show full text]
  • Rewriting the Epic of America
    One Rewriting the Epic of America IRA KATZNELSON “Is the traditional distinction between international relations and domes- tic politics dead?” Peter Gourevitch inquired at the start of his seminal 1978 article, “The Second Image Reversed.” His diagnosis—“perhaps”—was mo- tivated by the observation that while “we all understand that international politics and domestic structures affect each other,” the terms of trade across the domestic and international relations divide had been uneven: “reason- ing from international system to domestic structure” had been downplayed. Gourevitch’s review of the literature demonstrated that long-standing efforts by international relations scholars to trace the domestic roots of foreign pol- icy to the interplay of group interests, class dynamics, or national goals1 had not been matched by scholarship analyzing how domestic “structure itself derives from the exigencies of the international system.”2 Gourevitch counseled scholars to turn their attention to the international system as a cause as well as a consequence of domestic politics. He also cautioned that this reversal of the causal arrow must recognize that interna- tional forces exert pressures rather than determine outcomes. “The interna- tional system, be it in an economic or politico-military form, is underdeter- mining. The environment may exert strong pulls but short of actual occupation, some leeway in the response to that environment remains.”3 A decade later, Robert Putnam turned to two-level games to transcend the question as to “whether
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Constitutionalism in France and the United States, A
    A COMPARISON OF CONSTITUTIONALISM IN FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES Martin A. Rogoff I. INTRODUCTION ....................................... 22 If. AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONALISM ..................... 30 A. American constitutionalism defined and described ......................................... 31 B. The Constitution as a "canonical" text ............ 33 C. The Constitution as "codification" of formative American ideals .................................. 34 D. The Constitution and national solidarity .......... 36 E. The Constitution as a voluntary social compact ... 40 F. The Constitution as an operative document ....... 42 G. The federal judiciary:guardians of the Constitution ...................................... 43 H. The legal profession and the Constitution ......... 44 I. Legal education in the United States .............. 45 III. THE CONsTrrTION IN FRANCE ...................... 46 A. French constitutional thought ..................... 46 B. The Constitution as a "contested" document ...... 60 C. The Constitution and fundamental values ......... 64 D. The Constitution and nationalsolidarity .......... 68 E. The Constitution in practice ...................... 72 1. The Conseil constitutionnel ................... 73 2. The Conseil d'ttat ........................... 75 3. The Cour de Cassation ....................... 77 F. The French judiciary ............................. 78 G. The French bar................................... 81 H. Legal education in France ........................ 81 IV. CONCLUSION ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Loyalists in War, Americans in Peace: the Reintegration of the Loyalists, 1775-1800
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2008 LOYALISTS IN WAR, AMERICANS IN PEACE: THE REINTEGRATION OF THE LOYALISTS, 1775-1800 Aaron N. Coleman University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Coleman, Aaron N., "LOYALISTS IN WAR, AMERICANS IN PEACE: THE REINTEGRATION OF THE LOYALISTS, 1775-1800" (2008). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 620. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/620 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERATION Aaron N. Coleman The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2008 LOYALISTS IN WAR, AMERICANS IN PEACE: THE REINTEGRATION OF THE LOYALISTS, 1775-1800 _________________________________________________ ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION _________________________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Aaron N. Coleman Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Daniel Blake Smith, Professor of History Lexington, Kentucky 2008 Copyright © Aaron N. Coleman 2008 iv ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION LOYALISTS IN WAR, AMERICANS IN PEACE: THE REINTEGRATION OF THE LOYALISTS, 1775-1800 After the American Revolution a number of Loyalists, those colonial Americans who remained loyal to England during the War for Independence, did not relocate to the other dominions of the British Empire.
    [Show full text]