DOCSLIB.ORG

Historias De Reinas Del Ajedrez

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Historias De Reinas Del Ajedrez Image not found or type unknown www.juventudrebelde.cu Historias de reinas del ajedrez Mientras transcurre en Nalchik, Rusia, el campeonato mundial femenino de ajedrez 2008, JR les propone un acercamiento al origen y desarrollo de estos eventos Publicado: Domingo 31 agosto 2008 | 12:57:14 am. Publicado por: Juventud Rebelde Como en casi todas las facetas de la vida, mujeres y hombres tienen también una historia diferente en el ajedrez. De ello nos percatamos nuevamente por estos días, mientras desempolvamos algunos archivos para complacer a los lectores que nos solicitan una panorámica de los campeonatos mundiales femeninos celebrados hasta la fecha. Muchas son las versiones que se cuentan, pero acaso la más aceptada sitúa el origen de estos certámenes en 1927, junto con la Olimpiada masculina del juego ciencia celebrada en Londres. La primera campeona fue Vera Menchik. Esta mujer nació el 16 de febrero de 1906 en Moscú, Rusia, pero a los 15 años se mudó para Inglaterra con su familia y representó a este país en todos los torneos que disputó desde entonces. Ganó los nueve campeonatos mundiales en que participó (siete torneos y dos duelos) y en estos jugó 101 partidas. Obtuvo 87 victorias, con 11 tablas y solo 4 derrotas. Menchik retuvo el título hasta su muerte, ocurrida el 27 de junio de 1944, durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando una bomba nazi destruyó su residencia en Londres. Después comenzó la hegemonía de las rusas, con Liudmilla Rudenko, Elizaveta Bikova y Olga Rubtsova. Más tarde reinaron dos georgianas, Nona Gaprindashvili y Maia Chiburdanidze, hasta que la china Xie Jun irrumpió en 1991 y marcó el territorio para su país. En 1996, Jun fue vencida por Susan, la mayor de las célebres hermanas Polgar. Sin embargo, esta última perdió el título en 1999, cuando se alejó del tablero por su primera maternidad. Entonces la corona regresó a manos de Jun. Luego la Federación Internacional de Ajedrez (FIDE, sigla en francés) instauró un nuevo sistema de eliminatorias y la primera reina con este formato fue otra china, Zhu Chen, en 2001. Tres años después llegó a la cima la búlgara Antoaneta Stefanova, pero Yuhua Xu reconquistó la gloria en 2006. Hasta aquí un breve recuento de las 11 monarcas conocidas (ver tabla adjunta). Miremos ahora hacia la justa que transcurre actualmente en la ciudad rusa de Nalchik. Fotografía de la primera ronda Un total de 64 ajedrecistas se inscribieron, pero finalmente algunas declinaron su participación por el actual conflicto político entre Rusia y Georgia. Entre las ausentes de última hora figuran estrellas como la georgiana Maia Chiburdanidze (2489), la francesa Marie Sebag (2529), la estadounidense de origen ruso Irina Krush (2470) y la rusa Ekaterina Korbut (2459). Fuera de eso, casi no hubo sorpresas en la primera fase, pues las principales favoritas lograron cruzar la cerca. Entre ellas está la actual campeona, Yuhua Xu (2483), así como sus compatriotas Xue Zhao (2522) y Yifan Hou (2557). Esta última, por cierto, tiene solo 14 años, pero continúa seduciéndonos con sus mañas de veterana frente al tablero. También siguen en carrera otras luminarias como la india Humpy Koneru (2622) —primera del ranking—, la búlgara Antoaneta Stefanova (2550) y la sueca Pia Cramling (2544). Además, por la «armada» rusa se colaron tres pesos pesados: Alexandra Kosteniuk (2510) y las hermanas Tatiana Kosinteva (2511) y Nadezhda Kosinteva (2460). Por su parte, nuestra campeona nacional Maritza Arribas (2323) no pudo con la húngara de origen vietnamita Hoang Thanh Trang (2487) y se despidió temprano de su quinta contienda universal. Lo mismo les sucedió a otras dos representantes latinoamericanas: la argentina Marisa Zuriel (2231) y la venezolana Sarai Sánchez (2202). De tal manera, por nuestra región solo accedió a la segunda ronda la argentina Claudia Amura (2345). Pero lo hizo de carambola, pues su rival fue una de las que no se presentó: la georgiana Lela Javakhishvili (2461). También naufragaron ya las tres candidatas de África: la sudafricana Anzel Solomons (1895) y las egipcias Mona Khaled (2007) y Yorsa Alaa El Din (1959). En fin, mañana comenzará la segunda ronda con 32 contendientes. En el grupo sobresalen seis chinas y una séptima buscará todavía su clasificación hoy en las partidas rápidas. Sobrevivieron además cuatro rusas y dos indias. Algo me dice que entre ellas estará la monarca. http://www.juventudrebelde.cu/deportes/2008-08-31/historias-de-reinas-del-ajedrez Juventud Rebelde | Diario de la juventud cubana Copyright © 2017 Juventud Rebelde.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A CARIBBEAN CHESS HOLIDAY! ( See P
    A CARIBBEAN CHESS HOLIDAY! ( See P. 104 ) Volume xx Number S May, 19&5 EDITOR: J. F . Reinhard t CONTENTS CHESS FEDERATION PRESIDENT Mrs. Gresser Wins Championship .......................................................... 9S Lt. Col. E. B. Edmondson VICE·PRESIDENT David Hoffmann The Bible: 10th Edition, by Lany Evons ................................................ 96 REGIONAL VICE·PRESIDENTS NEW ENGLAND Stanley KIng Spassky, Geller Win in Candidates ............. .. ...... .... .. .. ............. .............. 98 Harold Dondls Robert Goodspeed EASTERN Donald Sehultz Lewis E. Wood A Robot Chess Player, by Mikhail Botvinnik ... ........ ... ....................... ..... 99 MID·ATLANTIC George Thomas Earl Clary Edwar d D. Strehle SOUTHERN Dr . Robert Froemke Mar del Plata Revisited, by Pal Benko .................................................. 100 Jerry Sullivan Carroll M. Crull GREAT LAKES Nor bert Matthews Donald W. Hildlng From the Student T eom, by Bernard Zuckerman .................................. 102 James &,:hroeder NORTH CENTRAL Frank Skort J obn Osne" Ken Rykken The 1965 U. S. Open .............. ....................................... .... ................... 104 SOUTHWESTERN John Beltl1ng Kenneth Smith Par k Bishop PACIFIC Richard Vandenbur g t'l4ew Stars Among the Women, by V. Panov ... .. ....... ................... .. .... .. .. 106 Gordon Barrett Col. Paul L . Webb SECRETARY Gomes by USCF Members, by John W. Collins .... .. ....... ..... .................... 108 Marshall Rohland NATIONAL CHAIRMEN and OFFICERS Chess
    [Show full text]
  • Operation MEMBERS with Brasket
    • Vol. XlII. No. 15 Sunday, April S, 1959 IS CenlS TOURNAMENT RESULTS Conducted by Po,;/io" No. 2H BRASKET REPEATS AS MONTREAL CHAMPIONSHII IRWIN SIGMOND MINNESOTA STATE CHAMP The long fourteen·round Swiss Send solutions to Position No. For the third straight year USCF for the Championship of the city of 253 to rCllch Irwin Sigmond, 5200 Master Cur t Brasket won the Min­ Montreal has ended with so·called Williamsblll'g Blvd., Arlington 7, nesota State Championship, topping "new Canadians" (recent immi· Va., by MOlY 2, 1959. With your a record field of eighty contestants grants to Canada) taking most of solutiun, please send analysis or in the major tournament played at the top-bracket honors. F'irst place, reasons supporting yOllr choice of the University of Minnesota over the 1959 Championship, and $100 "Best Move" or moves. the Washington's Birthday holidays, in prize money went to Laszlo Witt, who scored 12-2. In second place, ~oh.. tioll to POSition No. 253 will ap· with a score of 5Y2·'h in a 6-round with 11-3, and taking a $50 prize, peu in the M",y 2G, 1f!' Issue. Swiss. came Lionel Joyner, well known to NOTE: Do nor p/"u ro/"Iiont /0 /"0 The minor (not USCF rated) American chessdom through his p<Hiliolll em lI>"t cara; bt 114ft /0 i~rJi<,tlt tournament was also popular, draw­ participation in various United -"rTul """,loa of !WI;ti"n bting sol.tJ, ing an enlry list of 47 players, and States tournaments, including the <'TId g;"t lin j .
    [Show full text]
  • Chess Autographs
    Chess Autographs Welcome! My name is Gerhard Radosztics, I am living in Austria and I am a chess collector for many years. In the beginning I collected all stuff related to chess, especially stamps, first day covers, postmarks, postcards, phonecards, posters and autographs. In the last years I have specialised in Navigation Autograph Book Old chess postcards (click on card) A - M N - Z Single Chess autographs Links Contact On the next pages you can see a small part of my collection of autographs. The most of them are recognized, if you can recognize one of the unknown, please feel free to e-mail me. Note: The pages are very graphic intensive, so I ask for a little patience while loading. http://www.evrado.com/chess/autogramme/index.shtml[5/26/2010 6:13:18 PM] Autograph Book Autograph Book pages » back to previous page Page 1 - Introduction Page 18 - Marshall Page 2 - Aljechin Page 19 - Spielmann Page 3 - Lasker Page 19a - Capablanca Page 4 - Gruenfeld Page 20 - Canal Page 5 - Rubinstein Page 21 - Prokes Page 6 - Monticelli Page 22 - Euwe Page 7 - Mattisons Page 23 - Vidmar Page 8 - Asztalos Page 24 - Budapest 1948 Page 9 - Kmoch Page 25 - HUN - NED 1949 Page 10 - Gilg Page 25a - HUN - YUG 1949 Page 11 - Tartakover Page 26 - Budapest 1959 Page 12 - Nimzowitsch Page 26a - Budapest 1959 Page 13 - Colle Page 27 - Olympiad Leipzig Page 14 - Brinckmann Page 28 - Olympiad Leipzig Page 15 - Yates Page 29 - Budapest 1961 Page 16 - Kagan Page 30 - Spart.-Solingen 76 Page 17 - Maroczy http://www.evrado.com/chess/autogramme/autographindex.htm[5/26/2010 6:13:20 PM] Autogramme - Turniere - Namen Tournaments: » back to previous page 1 Sliac 1932 8 Dubrovnik 1950 15 Nizza 1974 2 Podebrady 1936 9 Belgrad 1954 16 Biel 1977 3 Semmering - Baden 1937 10 Zinnowitz 1967 17 Moskau 1994 4 Chotzen 1942 11 Polanica Zdroj 1967 18 Single autographs 5 Prag 1942 - Duras Memorial 12 Lugano 1968 19 World Champions Corr.
    [Show full text]
  • Gunina Wins Inaugural CAIRNS CUP the United States’ Largest Chess Specialty Retailer
    àĔ1IG?řʂż#MMOĔ May 2019 | USChess.org ALISA MELEKHINA Six tips to stay sharp Meet Women’s Program Director JENNIFER SHAHADE VALENTINA Gunina wins inaugural CAIRNS CUP The United States’ Largest Chess Specialty Retailer 888.51.CHESS (512.4377) www.USCFSales.com NEW! The #1 endgame manual now has a workbook Jesus de la Villa’s worldwide bestseller 100 Endgames You Must Know successfully debunked the myth that endgame theory is complex and that endgame books are tedious. In this sequel GM De la Villa presents hundreds of exercises, covering all the endgames he selected. Ideal for every post-beginner, club player and candidate master who wishes to retain their knowledge, improve their technique and avoid common endgame errors. paperback | 288 pages | $24.95 | from the publishers of A Magazine “If you’ve never read an endgame book before, this is the one you should start with.” at least read 100 Endgames You Must Know.” Free Ground Shipping On All Books, Software and DVDS at US Chess Sales $25.00 Minimum - Excludes Clearance, Shopworn and Items Otherwise Marked MARCH 6–OCTOBER 27, 2019 MIND. ART. EXPERIENCE. 4652 Maryland Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63108 | (314) 367-WCHF (9243) worldchesshof.org | @WorldChessHOF #USChess80Years DC T X The Museum does not discriminate or permit harassment or discrimination on the basis of gender, race, color, national and ethnic origin in the treatment of individuals with respect to employment, or admission or access to Museum facilities, programs or activities. Images: Crystal Fuller, Ladies’ Knight Class Taught by the Saint Louis Chess Club, 2019; Spectrum Studios, WGM Nazi Paikidze Planning her Next Move at the 2015 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Championnes Du Monde D'echecs
    Les CHAMPIONNES du MONDE DAFFE 2014 – Cahier Culture 4 Direction Nationale du Développement par l'Emploi et la Formation (DND) Auteur de ce cahier Sylvain RAVOT Vera MENCHIK Elisabeth BYKOVA Ludmila RUDENKO Olga RUBTSOVA Nona GAPRINDASHVILI Maia CHIBURDANIDZE XIE Jun Susan POLGAR Collectif FFE-PSEJE – C4 – Les Championnes du Monde – SR – v1.02 – 01/01/14 - 1 Cahier Culture 4 Les Championnes du Monde Sommaire Histoire 1 : Vera MENCHIK (1927-1944) 3 Histoire 2 : Lyudmila RUDENKO (1950-1953) 4 Histoire 3 : Elisabeth BYKOVA (1953-1956, 1958-1962) 5 Histoire 4 : Olga RUBTSOVA (1956-1958) 6 Histoire 5 : Nona GAPRINDASHVILI (1962-1978) 7 Histoire 6 : Maïa CHIBURDANIDZE (1978-1991) 8 Histoire 7 : XIE Jun (1991-1996, 1999-2001) 9 Histoire 8 : Susan POLGAR (1996-1999) 10 Histoire 9 : ZHU Chen (2001-2004) 11 Histoire 10 : Antoaneta STEFANOVA (2004-2006) 12 Histoire 11 : XU Yuhua (2006-2008) 13 Histoire 12 : Alexandra KOSTENIUK (2008-2010) 14 Histoire 13 : HOU Yifan (2010-2012, 2013-) 15 Histoire 14 : Anna USHENINA (2012-2013) 16 Bonus : Judit POLGAR 17 Bonus : les sœurs POLGAR 18 France : Marie SEBAG 19 Annexe : Photos 20 Corrections : [email protected] Collectif FFE-PSEJE – C4 – Les Championnes du Monde – SR – v1.02 – 01/01/14 - 2 Histoire 1 : Vera MENCHIK (de 1927 à 1944) Vera MENCHIK (1906-1944) est née à Moscou en Russie, d'un père tchèque et d'une mère anglaise, et apprit à jouer à 9 ans. Elle s'installe en Angleterre en 1921, année où elle remporte le championnat féminin d'Angleterre et devient l'élève de Geza Maroczy, célèbre champion hongrois.
    [Show full text]
  • White Knight Review Chess E-Magazine
    Chess E-Magazine Interactive E-Magazine Volume 2 • Issue 6 November/December 2011 Other Occupations of Famous Chess Players Chess Clocks & Timers Pal Benko Simultaneous and Blindfold Displays C Seraphim Press White Knight Review Chess E-Magazine Table of Contents contents EDITORIAL- “My Move” 3 4 FEATURE- Russian Chess INTERACTIVE CONTENT BIOGRAPHY- Pal Benko 12 ARTICLE- Chess Progam 4. 14 ________________ • Click on title in Table of Contents ARTICLE- Chess Clocks 16 to move directly to Time Honored Tradition page. • Click on “White FEATURE-Occupations of Famous Players 18 Knight Review” on the top of each page to return to ARTICLE- Math and Chess 22 Table of Contents. • Click on red type to 23 continue to next ARTICLE- News Around the World page 24 • Click on ads to go FEATURE- Simultaneous/Blindfold Displays to their websites • Click on email to ARTICLE - Pandolfini’s Advice 27 open up email program BOOK REVIEW-Karpov’s Strategic Wins 1 • Click up URLs to 1961-1985- The Making of a Champion 28 go to websites. by Tibor Karolyi ANNOTATED GAME -Hampyuk - 29 Anatoluy Karpov COMMENTARY- “Ask Bill” 31 November/December 2011 White Knight Review November/December2011 My Move [email protected] editorial -Jerry Wall Well it has been over a year now since we started this publication. It is not easy putting together a 32 page magazine on chess every couple of months but it certainly has been rewarding (maybe not so White Knight much financially but then that really never was the goal). Review We wanted to put together a different kind of Chess E-Magazine chess publication that wasn’t just diagrams, problems, analytical moves and such.
    [Show full text]
  • White Knight Review Chess E-Magazine
    Chess E-Magazine Interactive E-Magazine Volume 2 • Issue 1 January/February 2011 CHESS THEMES IN MUSIC Turk, Ajeeb, Mephisto:-the great Chess Automatons Women and Chess The Jerome Gambit Commander in Chess-Presidents Who Played Chess White Knight Review Chess E-Magazine Table of Contents EDITORIAL- ”My Move” 3 contents HISTORY- Turk, Ajeeb, Mephisto: 4 the great chess Automatrons INTERACTIVE CONTENT HISTORY- Computers and Chess 7 ________________ BOOK REVIEW-White King and Red Queen: 13 • Click on title in How the Cold War Was Fought on the Chess board Table of Contents to move directly to page. FEATURE- Chess Themes in Music 14 • Click on “White Knight Review” on FEATURE- Commander-in-Chess 18 the top of each page to return to Presidents Who Played Chess Table of Contents. • Click on red type to BIOGRAPHY- Grandmaster Larry Evans 22 continue to next page HUMOR- Chess Daffinitions 24 • Click on ads to go to their websites NEWS - Chess News around the World 25 • Click on email to open up email program FEATURE-Women and Chess 26 • Click up URLs to go to ANNOTATED GAME - The Jerome Gambit 30 websites. COMMENTARY- “Ask Bill” 31 January/February 2011 White Knight Review January/February 2011 My Move [email protected] editorial -Jerry Wall I was recently sitting in the airport in Puerto Rico waiting on my flight when I noticed a nice family sitting by and saw that the father and son had a miniature chess board set up and were playing a game of chess to pass the time. I quietly watched until the young boy White Knight (perhaps 12) shouted “checkmate” and the father smiled and shook his head.
    [Show full text]
  • I Ramirez Triumphs in 13S-Player Chess Friends of No. Calif. Open
    A merica j CkeM n ew:Jpaper Cop y r ight 19S6 by United Stalu Chess Fed erallon Vol. X, No. 13 Monday, March 5, 1956 15 Cents I Ramirez Triumphs in 13S-Player Conducted by POlJl jo" No. 180 Chess Friends of No. Calif. Open • Witll 135 players , in attendance, the Open Championship of the RUSS elL CHAUVENET Chess Friends of Northern California, Inc. ,at the Berkeley YMCA Er-.'1J solutions to Position No. created quite an impressive assembly of chess talent. The players S 180 to reach Russell Chauve· were divided into rrhree playing groups according to respective rank· net, 721 Gist Ave., Silver spfing, ing, with 39 players in the "A" Class event, 51 in "B," and 45 in "C." Md., by April 5, 1956. With your so. While the players came mainly from tile San Francisco area of Berkeley, lution, please send analysis or rea· Redwood City, Richmond, Oakland 'and San Bruno, there were a scatter­ sons supporting your choice of ing from more dis-tant ,places with Southern Califol'llia ably represented "Best Move" or mOves. by Rober t Brieger of San Diego. Gilbert Ramirez of San Francisco Solut ion 10 Posilion No. l ao will ap· pear in the April lOth, 1956 issue. won .the Class "A" Division with INTERNATIONAL 5 points, drawing with Carl Berg· NOTE: D<I .. tit pltl" solutions t<l h/fO man and James Fredgren. Second "HIGH" TOURNEY P<lSitjOMS on OM ,tI.d; bt SUrt t<l i..a;cttte and tllird, also wit.h 5 pts., were San Francisco will set a new '<I,rut number of position btin.$ Jolnt/, Robert Brieger of San Diego and chess first \\o-ith an international tI .
    [Show full text]
  • THE WHITE EDGE PROVINCIAL CHAMPIONSHIPS ROOK AGAINST TWO PAWNS SSCCHHOOLLAARR’’SS MMAATTEE SCHOLAR’S MATE Is Canada’S Chess Magazine for Kids
    CANADA'S CHESS MAGAZINE FOR KIDS APRIL 2015 number 127 THE WHITE EDGE PROVINCIAL CHAMPIONSHIPS ROOK AGAINST TWO PAWNS SSCCHHOOLLAARR’’SS MMAATTEE SCHOLAR’S MATE is Canada’s Chess Magazine For Kids. You can enjoy it on-line, for free! The Chess’n Math Association publishes Scholar’s Mate five times per year as a PDF document. You can read the “e-magazine” on your computer screen or print it out. The magazine can also be viewed in DNL format, with pages that actually turn! A free DNL Reader can be downloaded from the CMA website. www.chess-math.org If you have any questions about the magazine, HHEElllloo,, please contact us at: Chess Pals! [email protected] C’mon in! Everyone’s welcome at Scholar’s Mate. We’re Canada’s free online chess magazine for kids and the doors are now open for our April issue. SCHOLAR’S MATE Many of the Chess Challenge provincials have been 3423 St. Denis #400 held already and teams are starting to gear up for the Montreal, Quebec H2X 3L2 big showdown in Quebec City next month. Good luck to everybody playing at the national finals. EDITOR Jeff Coakley Illustrator Antoine Duff Are you looking for some chess fun this summer? Then check out the Superfest information on page 40. photo page 15 Anastasia Karlovich The tournament celebrates the 30th anniversary of the Scholar's Mate is published five times per year by the Chess’n Math Associaton. It takes place August 21-23 Chess’n Math Association. Dates of issue : October 15, in the beautiful Laurentian Mountains of Quebec.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Team Chess Championships 2011
    The European Team Chess Championships 2011 Mickey Adams, front, and Nigel Short in full flow at the tournament - pictures courtesy of Chessdom Round 1 of the 2011 European Team Championship took place on 3rd November at the Porto Carras resort in Halkidiki, Greece.The English men’s team had a nar- row 2.5-1.5 win against Latvia with wins for Mickey Adams and Nigel Short on the top two boards and a draw for Gawain Jones on board 4. The women (captained by Glenn Flear) lost 3-1 to a strong Bulgaria team with Dagne Ciuksyte and Maria Yurenok (making her England debut) drawing on boards 2 and 3. In round 2 the men played Greece and the women faced Israel ... (This report, by Lawrence Cooper is continued on Page 5) affect the goals and nature of the organisations, and ECF News this is something on which members need to be Report on Annual General Meeting reflecting. - Andrew Farthing, Chief Executive The “glass half empty” part of my nature causes me to The ECF’s Annual General Meeting took place at the worry about the absence of challenge. Members’ time Euston Square Hotel, London on Saturday, 15 is limited, of course, and I’m sure that the issues relat- October. What follows is a summary of the main deci- ing to funding had a greater immediacy and promi- sions taken. nence in the minds of many, but we do need to be looking further ahead as well. Extended sentence I should very much welcome feedback on either docu- ment if readers want to contact me in the usual way.
    [Show full text]
  • Trainingsmethoden Mädchenschach
    Besonderheiten im Training mit Mädchen Konzentrationsfähigkeit • Die kindliche Konzentrationsphase hält im Durchschnitt nur etwa doppelt so viele Minuten an, wie das Kindesalter in Jahren zählt. Alter in Jahren Dauer der Konzentration 5 bis 7 Bis 15 Minuten 7 bis 10 Bis 20 Minuten 10 bis 12 Bis 25 Minuten 12 bis 16 Bis 30 Minuten Konzentrationsfähigkeit 1. Für ausreichende Frischluftzufuhr sorgen 2. Sich bewegen 3. Akustische Umweltreize ausschalten 4. Visuelle Umweltreize ausschalten 5. Geeigneten Arbeitsplatz schaffen 6. Auf Pausen achten Trainingsumfeld • Klima im Verein • Bezugsperson und Trainer • Spiellokal • Material • Außerschachliche Angebote „Optimale“ Trainingsgruppe • Etwa vier Mädchen • Alle haben die gleiche Spielstärke • Alle sind etwa gleich alt • Alle verstehen sich untereinander Wirklichkeit in den meisten Vereinen • Einzelne Mädchen unter vielen Jungs • Große Altersunterschiede • Große Spielstärkeunterschiede • Jungs halten sich für stärker als die Mädchen Bei gemischten Trainingsgruppen sollte man auf Folgendes achten: • Jungs nicht dauernd die (vermeintliche) Lösung herausschreien lassen. • Mädchenfeindliche Bemerkungen strikt unterbinden. • Bemerkungen wie z.B. „Mädchenzüge“ und „männliche Züge“ vermeiden. • Gegebenenfalls Mädchen besonders zur Mitarbeit animieren. • Hausaufgaben machen Mädchen häufiger als Jungs. Training für Mädchen mit unterschiedlicher Spielstärke • Übungshefte mit unterschiedlichem Schwierigkeitsgrad • Mädchen machen die Hefte meist sehr gern – sie haben Erfolg ohne verlieren zu können • Bessere
    [Show full text]
  • Chaturanga, the Earliest Form of Chess, Originates in Northwest India. 600 Persian and Indian Literature Includes Some of the Earliest References to Chess
    6TH CENTURY A.D. Chaturanga, the earliest form of chess, originates in Northwest India. 600 Persian and Indian literature includes some of the earliest references to chess. C. 720 Through the Arabic conquest of Persia, chess enters the Muslim world. 997 Versus de scachis, a Medieval Latin poem is published. It is the earliest known work mentioning chess in Western Europe. 10TH CENTURY Dark and light squares are introduced to the chessboard. In earlier versions of the board, the squares were undifferentiated by color. 1173 First recorded use of algebraic notation 13TH CENTURY Pawns can now move 2 ranks on first move 14TH CENTURY The rule of en passant is added to chess. 1471 The Göttingen manuscript, the earliest known book to deal solely with chess, is published. 1474 William Caxton publishes The Game and Playe of Chesse, the first chess book in English. The book is a translation of Jacobus de Cessolis’ earlier publication, which used chess as a metaphor for discussing the political relationships of kings with their subjects. 1475 The oldest recorded game of chess is played between Francesco di Castellvi and Narciso Vinyoles. 1561 Rodrigo López de Segura publishes Libro de la invención liberal y arte del juego del Axedrez. 1670 The Café de la Regence, an early mecca for chess players, opens in Paris, France. 1749 François-André Danican Philidor, one of the greatest players of the 18th century, publishes his book Analyse du jeu des Échecs (Analysis of the Game of Chess). 1770 Wolfgang von Kempelen, a German inventor, builds a chess-playing machine known as the Mechanical Turk and presents it to the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria-Hungary.
    [Show full text]