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L'antico Popolo Dei Falisci

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L'antico Popolo Dei Falisci Un popolo audace e intelligente Il popolo falisco ha abitato la Valle del Treja quasi tremila anni fa. La loro fu una civiltà avanzata e molto importante, per quanto comunemente poco conosciuta. Le scoperte dei secoli scorsi si sommano a quelle recentis- sime e ci forniscono un qua- dro di stupefacente bellezza. Ritrovamento maschera in terracotta - scavi 2014 - Tabolli Basti pensare alle trecento maschere votive rinvenute nel 2014 dagli archeologi, in seguito a dei lavori voluti dal Parco del Treja. Un senso di mistero am- manta questo popolo così lontano nel tempo e circo- scritto in un territorio piut- tosto limitato, ma che qui ha lasciato i segni della sua ci- viltà. La storia, i riti, le gesta, hanno tracce indelebili nella Valle del Treja e nelle aree vicine, con i resti di templi, tombe, aree archeologiche quasi sempre visitabili. Sarcofago litico - Tabolli Holmos - Tabolli Il territorio delle forre, le strette valli incise dalle acque che vi scorrono sul fondo, con le sue imponenti rupi tufacee, fu il luogo di insediamento privilegiato dei Falisci, proprio per la sua difendibilità. L’antico popolo Realizzato nel gennaio 2019 dalla dei Falisci Direzione Capitale naturale, parchi e aree protette della Regione Lazio. Dall’inizio dell’VIII secolo a.C. Testi a cura di Roberto Sinibaldi. si stabilirono nelle valli del Treja [email protected] Maschere di terracotta - Sinibaldi www.parchilazio.it Ritrovamento maschera in terracotta - scavi 2014 - Tabolli www.regione.lazio.it La cultura e la lin- I Falisci abitarono l’Agro falisco, un territorio vulcanico gua dei Falisci ven- compreso tra i Monti Cimini, il Tevere e il lago di Bracciano, gono lentamente oggi tutelato dal Parco regionale Valle del Treja. ma costantemen- te assimilate a quella romana Il cuore del territorio falisco può es- A sud un importantissimo ruolo cul- entrando di fatto a sere identificato con ilfiume Treja, turale per l’intero comparto falisco è far parte dell’unità vera e propria via di comunicazione, svolto dalla città etrusca di Veio. politica e culturale che, scorrendo da sud verso nord, si I Falisci a partire dall’inizio dell’VIII imposta da Roma immette nel corso del Tevere. secolo a.C. si stabilirono nelle pro- alla penisola. Il bacino di questo fiume compren- fonde valli del Treja e dei suoi af- Una testimonian- de una fitta rete di corsi d’acqua fluenti, nel paesaggio delle antiche za di una memoria minori, che hanno scavato profonde forre, occupando le alture poste nei dell’identità, che gole nel tenero tufo, caratterizzan- punti strategici, di controllo del terri- però sopravvive al- do tutta la regione. torio. Unica enclave non propria- la fine politica, è la Sulle sponde del fiume si sviluppano mente etrusca né propriamente vivacità dei san- i due centri principali dell’area fali- latina sulla sponda destra del Tevere tuari di Narce e sca: la città di Falerii l’odierna Civi- fu un crocevia di genti e culture, una di Falerii, che con- , e , localizzata frontiera aperta, il cuore nevralgico e ta Castellana Narce tinuano a essere Territorio falisco tra Mazzano Romano e Calcata. pulsante del sistema dei popoli italici frequentati almeno Altri centri di importanza minore dell’Italia centrale. fino alla fine del I secolo a.C. Il -do L’identità del territorio non finisce con sono Nepi, Corchiano minio romano sull’Agro falisco è se- l’epoca antica, prova ne è l’insediamen- e Vignanello. gnato dalla costruzione della grande to in epoca altomedievale della Diocesi Il territorio falisco risulta via Amerina che congiungeva Roma nella città di Civita Castellana, l’antica così inserito tra quelli dei con l’Umbria (l’antica Ameria corri- Falerii e capitale dell’Agro falisco, il cui principali popoli dell’Ita- sponde oggi ad Amelia) attraverso il ambito corrisponde ancora oggi a quel- lia preromana. A nord più breve percorso possibile. lo del territorio diocesano. e a ovest i rapporti sono con gli Etruschi, in par- ticolare con la città di Volsinii, l’odierna Or- vieto, e con l’importan- te centro di Tarquinia, con cui i Falisci strinsero Scavi località Pizzo Piede una alleanza in funzione antiromana. A est invece l’incontro La conquista romana di Veio, avvenuta è con i Sabini e gli Umbri, che occu- ad opera del console Furio Camil- pano l’area al di là del Tevere, e con i lo nel 396 a.C., lascia l’Agro Falisco Capenati, da questa parte del fiume; in balia delle mire espansionistiche di una piccola comunità compresa tra Roma, che dopo un secolo e mezzo Agro falisco e Sabina tiberina, dalla di lotte impone il proprio definitivo quale i Falisci risultano particolar- dominio sull’Agro Falisco nel 241 a.C. mente influenzati dal punto di vista e la conseguente assimilazione cultu- culturale e linguistico. rale falisca da pare di Roma. Scavi tombe falische, località Cavone - Guaita.
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