5100 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 6 The motion was agreed to; and Cat 6 o'clock and 2 minutes unable to amortize their debt elsewhere, to amend the p.mJ the Senate, as in legislative session, took a recess until Federal Home Loan Bank Act, to increase the market for tomorrow, Wednesday, Jtme 7, 1933, at 12 o'clock meridian. obligations of the , and for other purposes, with a Senate amendment, disagree to the Senate amend­ NOMINATIONS ment, and agree to the conference asked by the Senate. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Executive nominations received by the Senate June 6, 1933 There was no objection. UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS The Speaker appointed the following conferees: Mr. John A. Carver, of Idaho, to be United States attorney, STEAGALL, Mr. GoLDSBOROUGH, Mr. LUCE. district of Idaho, to succeed Hoyt E. Ray, resigned. MEMORIAL DAY William J. Barker, of New Mexico, to be United States Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to attorney, district of New Mexico, to succeed Hugh B. Wood~ extend my remarks in the REcoRn by inserting therein an ward, term expired. address delivered by myself at the Confederate memorial William Mcclanahan, of Tennessee, to be United States services at Arlington Cemetery on Sunday last. attorney, western district of Tennessee, to succeed Dwayne The SPEAKER. Is there objection? D. Maddox, refigned. There was no objection. Carl C. Donaugh, of Oregon, to be United States attorney, Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, under leave granted me to district of Oregon, to succeed George Neuner, term expired. extend my remarks, I insert an address delivered by myself UNITED STATES MARSHAL at the Confederate Memorial Day exercises in Arlington John M. Comeford, of Wisconsin, to be United States Cemetery, Washington, D.C., on Sunday, June 4, 1933. marshal, western district of Wisconsin, to succeed Charles The address is as follows: H. Rawlinson, term expired. General Wilkinson, Confederate 'Ueterans, Daughters of the Con­ SOLICITOR FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE federacy, Veterans of the Spanish-American War and of the World w~. ladies and gentlemen, if I had known that these exercises South Trimble, Jr., of Kentucky, to be Solicitor for the were to be broadcast I would have reduced my speech to writing Department of Commerce, to succeed E. F. Morgan, resigned. and tried to devote more time and attention to its preparation. As it is, I am sorry to say that I have no address "cut and dried." I feel, however, that by the time I have finished, the verdict will be unanimous to the etiect that it was dry enough. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is not my desire to open afresh the healing wounds of war or to stir the dying embers of sectional strife. I would not for TUESDAY, JUNE 6, 1933 the world ·utter one word to hurt the feelings of a Federal soldier. or of one who stands in the same relation to him that we of the The House met at 12 o'clock noon. South do to the men who wore the gray in that unfortunate con­ The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D.D., offered fllct. I agree with the southern poet who said that- the following prayer: "None but a coward would revile An honest soldier's dust:• Gratefully, blessed Lord, do we acknowledge Thy love and mercy, which have given us all this day, with its privileges I have often heard it contended that either the soldiers of the South or those of the North were wrong in that contest. My and opportunities for service and joyous, useful hours. answer to that contention is that they were both right. They Animated by Thy wonderful providence, may we approach were both fighting the battles of their country in a conflict pro­ our labors with conscientious zeal and with hearts full of duced by causes over which they had no control. They a.re both equally entitled to the love, admiration, and respect of the people sympathy with the calling needs of our land. Feed us, of our reunited country. Heavenly Father, with the bread of life that shall enrich I want to pause for a moment to pay my tribute to the our minds and hearts, and lead us not to forget those pre­ Daughters of the Confederacy, under whose auspices these exer­ cious treasures that help the common man. Humble us cises are held, and to congratulate them on their splendid achieve­ ments, one of which is the erection of this magnificent monu­ amid our manifold blessings, and may we ever aim to be ment, in the shadow of which these exercises are being held. among the pure in heart, who alone shall be permitted to I once had the pleasure of taking an airplane flight over Wash­ see Thee face to face. In the name of our Savior. Amen. ington with Col. Charles A. Lindbergh, and as I looked down upon the many wonderful things to be seen in the Nation's The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and Capital, the most attractive of them all to me was this beautiful approved. cemetery of Arlington-the bivouac of our heroic dead. The most beautiful object in this great cemetery was this splendid MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE monument. dedicated to our Confederate dead, and erected by A message from the Senate, by Mr. Horne, its enrolling the generous, patriotic, loving, and loyal Daughters of the Con­ federacy. clerk, announced that the Senate had passed, with amend­ If I were a Southern woman I would rather be listed among ments in which the concurrence of the House is requested, your members than to be a member of any other civic or patri­ the bill (H.R. 5240) entitled "An act to provide emergency otic organization on earth. You are not only the daughters of relief with respect to home-mortgage indebtedness, to refi­ the greatest soldiers of all time, but you are the daughters of those glorious women of the South who sustained our soldiers in nance home mortgages, to extend relief to the owners of times of war and shared their burdens in times of peace. homen occupied by them and who are unable to amortize You have another monument to your credit which time cannot their debt elsewhere, to amend the Federal Home Loan Bank efface, and that is Memorial Day. On April 25, 1866, about 1 year after the close of the War Between the States, the women of Act, to increase the market for obligations of the United Columbus, Miss., in the district which I have the honor to rep­ States, and for other purposes"; that the Senate insists resent in Congress, went out to decorate the graves of Confed­ upon its amendments to said bill, requests a conference with erate soldiers. They were the wives, the widows, the mothers, the the House thereon, and appoints Mr. BULKLEY, Mr. WAGNER, sisters, and daughters of Confederate veterans--many of them st1ll in the weeds of mourning. There were about 40 Federal and Mr. TOWNSEND to be the conferees on the part of the soldiers buried in that cemetery. With a generosity that has few, Senate. if any parallels, those noble women decorated alike the graves of The message also announced that the Vice President had the Confederate and the Federal dead. A report of that incident got into the press and inspired from appointed Mr. CoNNALLY a member of the committee of the pen of the Honorable Francis Miles Finch, a distinguished conference on the part of the Senate upon the disagreeing northern jurist, a little poem called " The Blue and the Gray " votes of the two Houses to the amendment· of the Senate that will live as long as the Stars a.nd Stripes continue to fl.oat to the bill of the House, H.R. 4220, for the protection over a free people, as long as the sweet strains of old Dixie shall stir the southern heart with its " sweet but melancholy pathos ", of Government records, in place of Mr. PITTMAN, excused. in which he said: RELIEF OF HOME OWNERS " By the flow of the inland river, Whence the fieets of iron have fled. Mr. STEAGALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Where the blades of the grave grass quiver, to take from the Speaker's table this bill

STATE OF ILLINOIS, The annual charges against the shipway-that is, interest Fifty-eighth General Assembly, 1933. and depreciation on the capital investment and maintenance Senate Joint Resolution 27 and operation of the route-are estimated at approximately Whereas a treaty relating to the St. Lawrence waterway has been $40,000,000 a year. If the so-called" joint costs" common to negotiated between the United States and Canada which is now both navigation and power were allocated entirely to power, before the Senate for ratification; and Whereas this treaty internationalized Lake Michigan, a body of the charges would amount to approximately $36,000,000 a water entirely within the limits of the United States, and places year. the control in an international joint commission; and It will in all probability exceed the present estimates by Whereas it embodies the order of the Supreme Court reducing the fiow of water from Lake Michigan into the Chicago River to hundreds of millions of dollars. 1,500 cubic feet per second, and thereby makes this order un­ The officially published costs of the complete St. Lawrence changeable except by international agreement; and project have been greatly understated, to such an extent as Whereas 1,500 cubic feet per second, as provided in the treaty, A!3 is inadequate for the needs of the waterway from the Great Lakes to be badly misleading. far as they have gone, the engi­ to the Gulf, and is therefore injurious to the entire Mississippi neering reports are understandable. Instead of a total cost Valley; and of $543,429,000 1 it is believed that the public should be ap­ Whereas by the terms of this treaty the cost of the undertaking prized by the fact that the total eventual cost will aggregate 1s borne mainly by the United States and the benefits therefrom are received mainly by Canada; and not less than $903,829,000, as follows: Whereas not only are valuable rights of the whole United States Engineers' estimate (as published)------1 $543, 429, 000 surrendered by the treaty for no adequate consideration, but it Lock duplication______2 18, 700, 000 constitutes a gross injustice to the State of Ill1no1s against which Compensating works______3 100,000 Illinois should have the joint protection and support of its sister Channel deepening______4 25, 000,000 States; and Welland Canal 'tleepening______D 25, 000, 000 Whereas our two United States Senators, LEWIS and DIETERICH, Power projects in Canadian territory______0 262, 000, 000 are making a steadfast fight on behalf of the people of this State Montreal Harbor______7 4, 600, 000 against the treaty in its present form: Now, therefore, be it Private capital required to improve harbors______8 25, 000, 000 Resolved by the Senate of the Fifty-eighth General Assembly of the State of Illinois (the house of represen tatives concurring Total------903,829,000 herein) , That the General Assembly of the State of Ill1nois peti­ tion the Senate of the United States to disapprove and refuse to Upon whom will the original cost fall and upon whom will ratify the proposed treaty, to the end that a fair to just agree­ the cost of maintenance and operation fall? In giving con­ ment may be negotiated between the United States and Canada; and be it further sideration to the probable ultimate cost to each State and Resolved, That copies of this preamble and joint resolution be having at hand the various and divergent estimates, recourse transmitted forthwith to the President of the United States, the should be made to the average of estimates prepared by dif­ Secretary of State of the United States, and to each Senatgr and Member of the House of Representatives of Congress from the State ferent individuals or organizations who have given study of Illinois. to this project. Including President Hoover's figures, the Adopted by the senate May 16, 1933. average would be $914,857,250. If based upon the same per­ THOMAS F. DONOVAN, centage as internal-revenue receipts are based, the cost to President of the Senate. A. E. EDEN, each State would be as follows: Secretary of the Senate. Concurred in by the house of representatives May 16, 1933. Percent State or Territory Amount ARTHUR ROE, of total Speaker of the House of Representatives. CHAS. P. CASEY, Clerk of the House of Representatives. Alabama------0.17 o. 545, 257. 33 Alaska _____ ------____ -----______------__ _ .01 91,488. 57 ArkansasArizona ______------_ .06 548, 914. 35 In the annual report of the Commissioner of Internal .07 630,400. ()() Revenue for the fiscal year June 30, 1932, on page 66 will California ____ ------__ -----____ ------______4. 90 44, 828, 005. 25 Colorado ______------_-----___ ------_ ------_------.35 320, 200.04 be found a summary of internal-revenue receipts, by States. Connecticut _____ -----_ ---__ ------1. 31 11, 984, 629. 98 Of the 22 remaining States named in the Senator's roll, the Delaware ____ ------_ 1. 06 9, 697, 486. 85 District of Columbia ______.54 4, 940, 229. 15 total tax paid by them was $307,053,074.66, or 19.71 percent Florida------.54 4, 940, 229. 15 of the total tax, while New York State alone paid $394,989,- .28 2, 561, 600. 30 ~:~filf_-_: ======::::::::::: ::::::::: ::: :: ::::::::::::: =:: .24 2, 195, 657. 40 203.91, or 25.36 percent of the total tax, and 55.93 percent Idaho ______---______----___ ------_-- _____ --__ .03 Z74,457.18 was paid by the remaining 25 States. Illinois _____ ------6. 85 62, 667, 721. 63 IndianaIowa ______------_ . 79 7, 1Z7, 373. 28 Now let us turn to the Commissioner's report of the same .41 3, 750, 914. 73 year and make a study of the summary of income-tax re­ Kansas __ ___ ------__ ------.46 4, 208, 343. 35 l.69 15, 461, 087. 53 ceipts from corporations and individuals paid by the 22 ~:~::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .40 3, 659, 429. ()() States on the Senator's roll. Of the total amount paid, Maine ______------.28 2, 561, 600. 30 Maryland------1. 51 13, 814, 344. 48 $1,056,756,697.54, only $235,019,676.19 was paid by the 22 M assachusetts.~ _---- __ ------_- ----___ ---__ 3.16 38, 909, 489. 10 States while New York State alone paid $348,550,738.13. Michigan __ ------­ 3. 85 34, 810, 318. 36 Minnesota_ ----_------.92 8, 416, 686. 70 From the above figures it will and can be readily seen that Mississippi_ ____ ----__ ------__ ------______.05 45 7. 4.28. 63 the great American mid-continent would benefit, as far as their proportionate share of cost is concerned. 1 Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Deep Waterway Treaty (publication It does not appear that there would be any benefit to the no. 347, Department of State, p. 17). . 2 St. Lawrence Waterway project, Ottawa, 1932 (pp. 10, 11). American people sufficient to outweigh the burden of debt a For 32-foot depth, derived from S.Doc. 183 (69th Cong., 2d and taxation which will necessarily result from the cost of sess., pp. 27, 28), H.Doc. 253 (70th Cong., 1st sess., p. 4). the projects. The cost is summarized by the Institute of _4 For 32-foot depth, derived from H.Doc. 253 (p. 7). Economics of the Brookings Institution as follows, the cost 6 For 32-foot depth, derived from S.Doc. 183 (p. 28). • S. Doc. 183 (p. 48, tables II and ill). incurred jointly for navigation and power being allocated t S.Doc. 183 (p. 52). entirely to power: • H.Doc. 253 (p. 5). 5126 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 6 startling when it is realized that this is done in a short State or Territory · Percent Amount of total period of 7~ months, beginning sometime in April and end­ ing in the fore part of December. The amount of business that passes up and down the Detroit River in the same time Missouri------2. 22 $20, 309, 830. 95 Mon tana______-----______-___ -_---- __ _ .06 548, 914. 35 of year approximates 100,000,000 tons. This will give you Nebraska ____ ------.20 1, 829, 714. 50 an idea of the size and magnitude of the trade on the Lakes. Nevada ______------_____ ----_------___ _ .09 . 823, 371. 53 New Hampshire ___ ------____ ------___ _ .11 1, 006, 342. 98 If I may make just 1 or 2 comparisons, in the year New Jersey ___ ------4. 52 8, 416, 686. 70 1928 there passed through the Suez Canal approximately New Mexico_------____ ------.02 182, 97L 45 New York ___ ------25.36 232, 007' 798. 60 32,000,000 tons, representing a big part of the trade between North Carolina ___ ------14.84 135, 764, 815. 90 In North Dakota______------.02 182, 971. 45 the East and the West. the same year there passed 0 hio ______------_--- -- 3.97 26, 309, 832. 83 through the Panama Canal 29,000,000 tons. Now, you will 0 k:lahoma ______------____ _ .65 5, 946, 572. 13 Oregon ______------______.16 1, 463, 771. 60 bear in mind that I said that the passage through Detroit Pennsylvania ______------______7.02 63, 222, 978. 95 is a hundred million tons in normal times. Rhode Island __ ------.43 3, 933, 886. 18 Now, to the outside world it is easily believable that a large South Carolina------.11 1, 006, 342. 98 Sonth Dakola------.03 2, 744, 571. 75 part of this business is seeking an outlet to the sea. I should Tennessee..Texl\s ______-----_____ ------_ .58 5, 306, 172. 05 1.18 10, 795, 315. 55 like to analyze it. u tab __ ------.09 8Z3,371. 53 As the biggest commodity carried on the Lakes in a big Vennon t______-----______.06 MS, 914.35 .47 3, 374, 971. 83 year is iron ore, which originates back of Lake Superior 6.42 58, 733, 835. 45 in the ore mines there and back of Lake Michigan in th~ .45 4, 116, 857. 63 ore mines behind Escanaba and finds its way down the ~!~~::::~:~~==~::~~~~=~~~~~=~~:==~~=~~~~:~~~~::Wyoming ______1.06 9, 697, 486. 85 .03 274, 457.18 Lakes, some of it through the Soo and Mackinac to the steel Philippine Islands ______------______.02 182, 97145 plants at Chicago, the rest of it going on to Lake Erie for the great steel plants in the Mahoning Valley and Pitts­ In addition, New York is to pay $89,000,000 because o! burgh, while some of it goes to the steel plants at Buffalo. power rights. In a big year that totals anywhere from 60,000,000 to In his second point the Senator says: 65,000,000 tons. That is .the eastbound traffic. As far as Because it 1s a practical and primary contribution to farm that is concerned, it is not connected with the St. Lawrence relief. River project. It has nothing to do with it and has not any Now, who gets the benefit of the reduced freight rates interest in it. to Europe as the result of the building of this waterway? There are 40,000,000 tons of coal that originates largely in Does the American producer get the benefit or does the the West Virginia and the Pittsburgh districts, with a very European consumer get the benefit of the reduced freight small amount of anthracite from the Pennsylvania district, rates? That is a question that cannot be aiiswered defi­ that finds its way to Lake Superior and Lake Michigan nitely. It all depends upon the question whether in the paints, and from there is distributed into the interior. As terminal market it is a buyer's market, at the time the far as those 40,000,000 tons are concerned, they do not seek freight arrives or whether it is a seller's market at that an outlet to the sea. ti.tpe. The next big item is stone. In a big year we move about In 1929 the American railroads reduced the cost of trans­ twelve or fifteen million tons of stone. It originates largely porting wheat to the Atlantic seaboard for foreign export, in Michigan and is shipped out of ports like Alpena, Rogers in order to help the wheat situation, and immediately in the City, and Rockport. It follows in the wake of the iron-ore Liverpool market Argentine and Australian wheat was re­ cargoes. It is used for :fluxing purposes. Most of it is used duced in the same amount that the freight rates were re­ in steel plants for that purpose. There is a small amount duced in the United States, so that the benefit of the freight of it used for road building and for making cement, but that reduction and the loss of railroad revenues went to the is the minor part of it. European consumer and not to the American wheat grower. The next item · of importance is grain. In a big year we That could readily apply and would no doubt generally apply will move anywhere from 10,000,000 to 15,000,000 tons of with reference to reduced water freight rates on wheat origi­ grain on the Lakes. At least two thirds of that is Canadian nating in Duluth or automobiles originating in Detroit, grain, and I venture to say that we are not interested in that South Bend, Cleveland, or Buffalo. proposition. l want to ask another question. If, after we have built Translated into bushels, the range in difference is any­ this seaway through Canadian territory, in large part with where from two hundred and fifty to three hundred million our money, what is then to prevent Great Britain from bushels. putting a tariff on American wheat and excluding it from As I said before, at least two thirds of that is of Canadian the Liverpool market and letting Canadian wheat go over origin, and we have no concern with it. Probably one third this seaway, built with our money, free of charge? What is American grain. Now, we cannot say that all of that one is to prevent her doing that? If she does do it, we become third of the American grain is interested in an outlet to the the international boobs of the world. What is to prevent sea. We will admit that with the big population we have in her putting a tariff upon automobiles made in Detroit, after this country a substantial part of that grain is never in­ we have built the seaway, and allow Canadian-made auto­ tended for export. It is used for milling purposes in our mobiles to go freely to the English market over a seaway own country. The city of Buffalo has become the greatest built with our money, contributed in part by the American milling center in the world. The shipments of large amounts automobile manufacturers? of grain come down the Lakes to Buffalo and end there. That is exactly what Great Britain has done by the Ottawa The grain is converted into :flour and used locally. compact. She has put a duty on American wheat and I do not think it is difficult for anyone to visualize that allows Canadian wheat, if shipped through Montreal,· to go the amount of grain that this country is going to dispose of in without duty; but if that same Canadian wheat ·is brought will not become less with the population increasing. down to New York or Philadelphia and shipped, then she · The fourth reason is the weakest one offered: puts a duty on it. Because it is one of the greatest make-work projects which can The third reason advanced was- be dedicated to our war upon unemployment. Because it 1s a practical and primary contribution to the recap­ I may be mistaken, but I can visualize, if the St. Lawrence ture of American export trade. River project is developed and the gates are thrown wide The commerce of the Great Lakes is recorded in such open, that we can have the foreign ships built by cheap large :figures that it stirs the imagination of the rest of the labor in foreign countries, labor that is not accustomed to world. In normal times from 120,000,000 to 135,000,000 tons the standards we have in this country, vessels manned by are transported annually. The accomplishment is more Chinese coolies in many cases, or others worse, that such '1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5127 ships could when times are bad send their boats up occa­ fore, he argues that this "superdirectorate of American sionally to the Lakes and try to eke out an existence on the business " is leading the :fight to defeat the treaty. low rates that have developed. It is all just as simple as that to the Senator from Wis­ As a temporary work-relief measure the St. Lawrence consin. But interesting as his representations may be, they appears in no better light. Nobody knows definitely how are far from convincing. Elon H. Hooker, who was chair­ much labor would be employed, but it is definitely known man of the committee of the chamber of commerce that that Canadian labor would profit more than American labor. made a study of the st. Lawrence project, declares that the Only 115 miles of the route, from Prescott to Cornwall, is Morgan firm " never made any statement or suggestion of in international territory. The rest of the route is entirely any kind to the chamber or to my committee " regarding within the Dominion. Obviously Canadian labor only would the enterprise. As to that, there is nothing on record cov­ be used for work within the Dominion. American labor pre­ ering all the years that the seaway plan has been under sumably would have to share opportunities for employment discussion to show an interest in it on the part of the in the international section. Morgan firm. In the fifth reason the Senator says: The representations that Senator LA FOLLETTE makes in Because the criticisms of the undertaking are always more regard to Morgan influence as to the seaway can be set apparent than real. down as plain blather. It is an attempt to capitalize for One of the many objections to the Government's engaging the project the situation that finds Morgan's firm under in this tremendous speculation seems conclusively to require fire before the Senate Banking Committee. No thinking that we should continue to oppose it, as it should not be for­ person will be fooled by his pyrotechnics. Senators WAGNER gotten that in the event of the United States being at war and COPELAND accurately express the sentiment of New with some other country international law would prohibit York State in opposing the seaway treaty as economically England from allowing the United States to use the St. Law­ unsound. rence channel. It is not permissible for belligerents to ship Before we spend our taxpayers' money in Canada we through neutral ten-itory. The moneys of the United States ought to see to it that the rivers, harbors, and the lakes should be spent in developing waterways which would be of our own land are properly developed and improved. available under all circumstances when a war emergency What will the total estimated damages to our railroads, our arose, for it is during such emergencies that great transpor­ seaports, our canals, and our mills, elevators, terminals be tation congestion develops. Nations always avoid, if possible, as a result of the necessary readjustment which will take having their foreign trade move through a port located in a place if the St. Lawrence Canal is opened? foreign country. Our policy and slogan should be " United States money It can be further stated that the canal is more likely to for the United States waterways, built by United States labor, result in import merchandise being laid down in the West and wholly within the United States." at lower prices. For instance, Scandinavian pulp for paper AMERICA-ON THE SEA AND IN THE AIR mills is already shipped to Great Lakes ports and is proving a great injury to this industry in the United States. Mr. BRUNNER Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to The Montreal Star, which no doubt represents the opinion print in the RECORD a speech delivered by former Gov. in that section of Canada, appears very pleased with the Alfred E. Smith on the maritime bill. treaty, according to an editorial published soon after its The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the conclusion. Among other things it states: gentleman from New York? There was no objection. The cost of Canada could not well be less. We get a half-billion enterprise, not counting the expenditures on power plants, for Mr. BRUNNER. Mr. Speaker, under the leave to extend less than forty millions. Thirty-eight million dollars, to be exact. my remarks in the RECORD I include the following radio Senator VANDENBERG says: address of Alfred E. Smith, editor in chief of the New Out­ look Magazine, over radio station WEAF and the National A sixth reason might well find itself in the aspirations of the New York Power Authority to extend to the great northeastern Broadcasting Corporation network, Maritime Day, May section of the Nation another of the great public-power develop­ 22, 1933: ments which may have within it such vast advantages for the It is a pleasure for me to cooperate with the men interested in people. furthering the cause of the American merchant marine in the The Joint Board of Engineers report outlines a complete celebration of a national maritime day. I can make no claims to a seafaring youth, but ships and the meaning of ships were things development of the power resources of the river by the con­ not unknown to the youth of my generation which enjoyed play­ struction of additional power works with an inflated capacity time adventures along the docks of the East River years ago. We of approximately 5,000,000 horsepower at a total cost of from saw ships there in those days. I remember that they entered in a very useful and practical way into one of my favorite sports. $620,000,000 to $650,000,000. That sport was the using of the bowsprit of a ship as it overhung The existing water power and steam plants in the section a dock as a sort of trapeze. There was one very interesting lesson of the United States which could be economically reached about shipping which I learned in my search along the docks for from the St. Lawrence territory by the transmission lines a bowsprit to be used as a trapeze. The boats that were loaded were the ones to look for. A boat without cargo rode so high are quite adequate to meet the industrial development for that it was impossible for us youthful trapeze artists to reach the many years to come. bowsprit. The trick was to find either those which had not yet The power production contemplated cannot be counted been unloaded or those which had been loaded preparatory to upon to liquidate the canal outlay. The value of hydro­ clearing for sea again. We came to know those ships which came in well loaded and those which, loading and unloading, made a. electric power has in the last 10 years heavily depreciated, quick turn-around. We came to see from our own viewpoint that owing to the remarkable developments in efficiency of steam­ cargo was an important factor in shipping. power electric plants. So there is not likely to be a market We have a habit, however, of forgetting the lessons of the past. There was a very important lesson concerning shipping which was for power in the large cities which have steam plants located taught us as a result of the World War. When we went to war in at tidewater. In substance, the Government would be en­ 1917 we were woefully lacking in ships. gaging in a most hazardous power speculation when the A merchant marine and an air transportation system play an taxpayers of the Nation are already overburdened as a result important part in the scheme of national defense. In case of a war where we are involved it is of invaluable assist­ of the enormous increase in recent years of Government ance to have an adequate merchant marine for the transportation services and public improvements. Federal, State, and of troops and supplies and for use as auxiliary armed cruisers. local. The personnel is also of the greatest utility in furnishing a proper reserve of men trained in the ways of the sea for the Navy. Senator LA FOLLETTE represents that Wall Street is the In event of a war, such as the beginning of the Great War villain in the plot to defeat the St. Lawrence treaty. Dwell­ in 1914, a merchant marine is of equal use in assuring us of trans­ ing upon the fact that the Chamber of Commerce of the portation for our products in keeping up our foreign trade (we had but 17 ocean-goin2 vessels available in 1914, and when ships State of New York has reported against the project as eco­ of the other countries that had been carrying more than 90 per­ nomically unsound, he points out that J. P. Morgan & Co. cent of the American exports were withdrawn !or use by their is represented in that organization by 13 members. There- own countries, mllllons o! dollars were lost by American !armers 5128 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 6 and manufacturers through inability to get shipping for their cranial injury, impairment of sight, hearing, etc. The disorder products). was classed a.s neuropsychiatric and my compensation was fixed at As a result of our unpreparedness we spent 3 ¥.z billion dollars, $40 a month. It has remained at that figure till now (see copy through the Shipping Board, building 2,300 ships, which, as usual no. 1 annexed). when things are done that way, resulted in the waste of hundreds In 1931 I was informed by the Veterans' Bureau that I was of mllllons in the building and the waste of most of the balance suffering from a service-connected injury, being 50 percent dis­ in the end, as the ships were entirely unsuited for commercial abled (see copy no. 2 annexed) . traffic in peace time. Some of our rivers have been clogged for In 1932, being aware of the so-called "advantages" open to years by the hundreds of ships moored in them, useless for any­ disabled veterans in the Civil Service, I applied for and took an thing except scrap. examination for the position of assistant attorney. I was granted And here is what this error of our ways really cost us: a percentage of 92.24 and my name should have gone to the head Building program, $3,500,000,000. of the list (see copy no. 3 annexed). Annual interest on the bonds put out to finance the building, On June 12 I received a letter from the Civil Service Commis­ $100,000,000. sion notifying me that my condition as reported by the Veterans' More than a hundred-million-dollar loss to American farmers Administration showed me to be physically unfit for employment. and manufacturers through inability to export their products. and as a result my name was removed from the list (see copy The Jones-White Act of 1928 provided for Government loans to no. 4 annexed). companies at low rates of interest to build ships and 10-year mail I have just received a letter from the Veterans' Administration contracts on a basis that would enable them to be operated suc­ notifying me that I am now cut to $8 a month for my direct cessfully upon American wage and living standards. service-connected disability. Due to American wage scales and living standards it costs more This has been done despite the fact that there has been no to build ships here than abroad and it also costs more to operate change in my physical condition since the Civil Service refused to them. As a result of the Jones-White Act, in the past 5 years employ me. As a matter of fact, no physical examination was had American ship lines have constructed 42 fine new ocean-going to determine if there had been any change in my condition. vessels costing more than a quarter of a billion dollars, giving I fail to see that proper provision ls being made for the war employment during the depression to thousands of work.men. In disabled, and I urge that the matter be taken up on the floor of these same 6 years, private initiative, backed by intelligent legis­ the House to the end that a percentage limitation be placed on lation, has added a new arm to American commerce with a national the cuts affecting service-connected cases authorized under the system of airways between this country and the markets of 32 act in order to insure just treatment. nations. Today this merchant marine of the air has attained Respectfully, world leadership. Our aircraft factories are building a fleet of GODFREY VON HOFE. flying clipper ships, the largest merchant aircraft, to hold this supremacy and to win for America its rightful place on the fast developing trade airways of the world. No. 1 We have put the American flag back upon the world's main trade UNITED STATES VETERAN'S BUREAU, routes and created a reservoir of men and ships available for New York, N.Y., January 9, 1930. national emergency. It is the duty of every American to remember RAD-4A. Von Hofe, John Godfrey. C-1052586 that now that we have at last consolidated our position again on Mr. JOHN GODFREY VON HOFE, the high seas-an achievement in which he has a direct and 24 Colonial Avenue, Forest Hills, Long Island, N.Y. personal interest--that he must lend his support and patronage DEAR Sm: By reason of review and decision of rating board on to his country's shipping. January 3, 1930, your award of compensation in the above­ In the North Atlantic trade, which is the most active in the entitled claim has been amended as follows: world, of the 20 or 25 percent of the passengers who are foreigners, Forty dollars per month from January 3, 1930. the proportion selecting American steamers is almost negligible, This award is made in accordance with the schedule of dis­ while of the remaining 75 or 80 percent who are Americans, more ability ratings authorized by the War Risk Insurance Act, a.s than half use foreign vessels. In short, the German, French, and amended, and the World War Veterans' Act, 1924, as amended, and British -steamers are invariably selected by their citizens, yet is based on reports of medical examinations and other evidence on Americans are the chief support of these foreign-owned lines to file. Your occupation at the time of your enlistment is shown the neglect of their own. The results of this neglect are not to have been student, college. often felt at once, but in the long run they will rise up as a If you should change your present address, the regional office damper on export trade and an actual threat to security in case must be immediately notified. All future communications with of war or other national emergency. reference to this case must bear the compensation number We have a half-billion-dollar annual bill for marine freight and C-1052586 as well as your full name and complete rank and passenger service, which the American public pays. Of this organization. amount, fully two thirds goes to foreign shipping and the bulk of By direction: this share, estimated at 85 percent, is not spent in tlus country. W. T. FITZGERALD, In other words, upward of 60 percent of the amount we pay for Regional Adjudication Offe.cer, shipping service in the international trade leaves our country Regional Offe.ce, New York, N.Y. and is spent abroad. Add this sum to our national income, and thouands of Americans could be put to work. The statistics here given are intended to awaken lively interest No. 2 in our merchant marine on the part of our citizens. It means VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION, much to the country, adds materially to our prosperity, should be UNITED STATES VETERANS' BUREAU, a large part of our national concern for trade both at home and 225 West Thirty-fourth Street, New York, N.Y. abroad, and let us hope that this celebration of Maritime Day RAD4. C-1052586 may influence all who can be brought within our influence to the end that this important national and business question be the Mr. GODFREY VON HOFE, concern of all of our citizens. Forest Hills Post, No. 630, the American Legion, 24 Colonial Avenue, Forest Hills, Long Island, N.Y. REDUCTION OF VETERANS' PENSION DEAR Sm: This will acknowledge receipt of your communication dated November 18, 1931. In reply thereto, please be advised that Mr. STUDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to the records in this office indicate that you are in receipt of an insert a letter regarding a flagrant case of injustice to a award of disability compensation. This award ls based on dis­ veteran, the letter being from the veteran. together with abilities incurred in or aggravated by service which are found to some exhibits and telegrams. disable you to the extent of temporary partial 50 percent. If there is any further information that you desire relative to The- SPEAKE3.. Is there objection to the request of the your claim we shall be glad to furnish it to you. gentleman from New York? All future correspondence relative to this case should bear your There was no objection. full name, correct address, and C number, as given above. By direction: ~ Mr. STUDLEY. Mr. Speaker, under the leave to extend W. T. FITZGERALD, my remarks in the RECORD, I include the following letter Regional Adjudication Officer, New York, N.Y. regarding a flagrant case of injustice to a veteran, the letter· being from the veteran, together with some exhibits and No. 3 telegrams: REPORT OF RATINGS, ASSISTANT ATTORNEY EXAMINATIONS, VETERANS' NEW -YORK CITY, June 3, 1933. ADMINISTRATION Hon. ELMER E. STUDLEY, UNITED STATES CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., June 13, 1932. DEAR REPRESENTATIVE STUDLEY: Feeling that you are interested GODFREY VON HOFE, in matters affecting veterans and particularly in connection with 24 Colonial Avenue, Forest Hills, Long Island, N.Y.: the ruthless and unjust cuts being accomplished under the so­ It is important when you write or make personal inquiry of the ca.lled "Economy Act", I herewith present my own case, which I Commission relative to your standing or chances of appointment believe shows up the manner in which the work is being carried that you state the date and title of the examination and your out. correct rating. To do so will hasten a reply to your inquiry. In 1930 I was examined and rated 50 percent disabled as a result Your ratings in the examination taken on February 16, 1932, are of a fracture of the skull, which resulted in residuals of inter- as follows: 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5129

Questions in law------81. 67 BILL AND JOINT RESOLUTION PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT Education, professional experience, and fitness ______83. 00 (Subject to oral and character investigation.) Mr. PARSONS, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re­ Average percentage------82.24 ported that that committee did on June 5, 1933, present to the President, for his approval, a bill and joint resolution Disability preference allowed ( 10 points added)------92. 24 of the House of the following titles: Very respectfully, UNITED STA'l;'ES ClvIL SERVICE COMMISSION. H.R. 5329. An act creating the St. Lawrence Bridge Com­ mission and authorizing said commission and its successors No. 4 to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the St. UNITED STATF.s CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, Lawrence River at or near Ogdensburg, N.Y.; and Washington, D.C., July 11, 1932. H.J.Res.192. Joint resolution to assure uniform value to Mr. GODFREY VON HOFE, the coins and currencies of the United States. 24 Colonial Avenue, Forest Hills, Long Island, N.Y. Sm: As the result of information recently received from the PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Veterans' Administration regarding your physical condition, the Mr. HOW ARD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Commission is of the opinion you are not physically qualified for the position of assistant attorney, and regrets, therefore, to inform that I niay be privileged at any time within the pleasure of you that your eligibility on that register with a rating of 92.24 has the Speaker to address the House for perhaps 30 minutes been canceled. with reference to the subject of pending orders by the In­ By direction of the Commission. terior Department with reference to the closing of all the Very respectfully, I E. c. BABCOCK, Secretary. Indian boarding schools in the United States. feel this is a problem which my colleagues ought to understand better No. 5 than they do, and I should like to have this privilege at the VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION, pleasure of the Speaker at any time except today. 225 WEST THmTY-POURTH STREET, The SPEAKER. Under the rule we are observing with New York, N.Y., May 25, 1933. respect to requests to address the House, a request may not In reply refer to RAD-4-A. C-1052586. be made to address the House except on the day the Mem­ Mr. JOHN GODFREY VON HOFE, ber expects to speak. 24 Colonial Avenue. Forest Hills, Long Island, N.Y. DEAR Sm: A review of all claims in which payments of benefits Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. were being made on March 20, 1933, was undertaken for the pur­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. pose of determining entitlement to benefits provided by Public, Mr. FISH. The Speaker pro tempore during the absence No. 2, Seventy-third Congress, entitled "An act to maintain the credit of the United States Government." of the Speaker wrote down a list of Members in sequence. Your claim has been carefully reviewed in accordance with the The SPEAKER. The Chair has the list. provisions of the above-entitled act, and on the evidence of record Mr. FISH. Will it be followed? in your case it has been deterinined that you are entitled to and The SPEAKER. Yes; it will be followed. there is being approved in your favor, effective July 1, 1933, an award of pension in the amount of $8 monthly on account of in­ Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, I might speak a little now jury incurred in war-time service. if I may be permitted. Regulations promulgated pursuant to the provisions of Public, The SPEAKER. The Chair cannot recognize the gentle­ No. 2, Seventy-third Congress, provide that, except as to degree man at the present time. There are four or five ahead of of disability, an application for review on appeal may be filed within 6 months from the date of this notice, or July 1, 1933, him. After the speech of the gentleman from Minnesota whichever is the later date. In the event you contemplate filing [Mr. SHOEMAKER], the Chair can recognize the gentleman such an application it is suggested that it be deferred until after from Nebraska. July 1, 1933, when the condition of the work incident to the review Afr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that of claims will perinit of expedited action on application of this character. the speech made by Representative BLACK, of New York, yes­ OT1'o G. ELBLE, terday at this conference which has been referred to be Adjudication Officer, New York, N.Y. inserted in the RECORD. Mimeo. A-3796. The SPEAKER. The Chair may state to the gentleman from New York that such a request has been granted twice WASHINGTON, D.C., June 5, 1933. Hon. ELMER E. STUDLEY, already. House Office Building, Washington, D.C.: Under the previous order of the House, the Chair recog­ As commander in chief of the United Spanish War Veterans, I nizes the gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. KoPPLEMANN] am urging you to give your support to the Connally amendment to the independent offices appropriation bill, which llinits the re­ for 5 minutes. duction of pensions to Spanish War veterans to not more than 25 Mr. KOPPLEMANN. Mr. Speaker, before proceeding I percent. While I feel this is a most drastic cut, the fact remains ask unanimous consent that the remarks made by the gen­ that by the adoption of the amendment thousands of Spanish War veterans will be able to live without the necessity of applying tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. BECK] at the Mayflower to local charity organizations, which would be the case after July Hotel last night may be printed in the RECORD. 1 if present regulations are put into e.trect. A8 President Roose­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the velt stated in his regulation no. 12, veterans of the Spanish War are severely handicapped-in fact, almost debarred-from proving gentleman from Connecticut? service connection 35 years after their muster out of service, and There was no objection. we feel that the Connally amendment meets the existing problem Mr. KOPPLEMANN. Mr. Speaker, under the leave to in an acceptable manner to both the veterans and the taxpayers. extend my remarks in the RECORD I include the following WILLIAM J. OTJEN. address by Representative JAMES M. BECK, of Pennsylvania, SENATE ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED at a dinner at the Hotel Mayflower, Washington, D.C .• The SPEAKER announced his signature to enrolled bills Monday, June 5, 1933: of the Senate of the following titles: THE HITLER PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS S. 604. An act amending section 1 of the act entitled "An We are met as the representatives of many religions to add our act to provide for stock-raising homesteads, and for other protest to that of innumerable others against the harsh and cruel purposes", approved December 29, 1916 (ch. 9, par. 1, 39 treatment which the present rulers of Germany have seen fit to Stat. 862), and as amended February 28, 1931 (ch. 328, 46 give to a section of their own people. If we are challenged to give a reason why we should concern Stat. 1454) ; ourselves with the internal affairs o! Germany, it is enough to S. 687. An act providing for the establishment of a term say that when any nation enters upon a course which violates the of the District Court of the United States for the Southern fundamentals of liberty, it becomes a matter of the deepest and legitimate concern to the whole civilized world. Such was the District of Florida at Orlando, Fla.; attitude of the great nations of the world, including Germany, S.1278. An act to amend an act the House adjourned until tomorrow, to proceed for 1 minute to make a statement in regard to Wednesday, June 7, 1933, at 12 o'clock noon. the remarks of the gentleman from Minnesota, with the per­ mission of the majority leader. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBT~C BILLS AND The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the RESOLUTIONS request of the gentleman from Alabama? · There was no objection. Under clause 2 of rule XIII, Mr. McDUFFIE. Mr. Speaker, I cannot speak with Mr. DRIVER: Committee on Rules. House Resolution 176. authority for anyone; but I have information which is Resolution providing for the consideration of H.R. 5767, a rather definite, and I think authentic, to the effect that the bill to authorize the appointment of the Governor of Hawaii President is going to have a committee of three visit each without regard to his being a citizen or resident of Hawaii; State to hear the complaints in every case and submit their without amendment (Rept. No. 200). Referred to the House reports to him as to any injustices that may arise with re­ Calendar. spect to any individual case. I think the gentleman from Mr. DOUGHTON: Committee on Ways and Means. House Tennessee is entirely correct when he expresses the atti­ Joint Resolution 183. Joint resolution extending for 1 year tude of the President. The President of the United States the time within which American claimants may make appli­ does not wish to see an injustice worked upon a single, cation for payment, under the Settlement of War Claims Act worthy, ex-service man. of 1928, of awards of the Mixed Claims Commission and of Mr. KVALE. Let me say to my friend the gentleman the Tripartite Claims Commission; without amendment from Alabama that the President of the United States does