PROCEEDINGS OF THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY FOR THE YEARS JOM.HH4

'* Copyrighted by /*// The Vermont Historical Society 1915 T TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE Portrait of Redfleld Proctor Frontispiece Constitution 5 Officers of the Society, 1914-15 9 Active Members 12 Corresponding Members 23 Honorary Members 23 Proceedings of Meeting Oct. 14, 1913 27 Oct. 20, 1914 30 Jan. 19, 1915 33

Jan. 20, 1915 37 Librarian's Report, 1913 41 1914 44 Treasurer's Report, 1913 53 1914 55

Public Address on Redfield Proctor, Jan. 19, 1915 57 Speech of Redfield Proctor on Cuba 105 Otter Creek in History 125 One Thousand Men 149 Index 277 Unveiling of Daniel P. Thompson Tablet 293

Constitution

of the Vermont Historical Society

Constitution

ARTICLE I. This association shall be called "The Vermont His- torical Society," and shall consist of Active, Correspond- ing, and Honorary Members. ARTICLE n.

The object of the Society shall be to discover, collect, and preserve whatever relates to the material, agricultural, industrial, civil, political, literary, ecclesiastical and military history of the State of Vermont.

ARTICLE III.

The officers of the Society, who shall constitute its Board of Managers, to be elected annually and by ballot, shall be a President, three Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary, two Corresponding Secretaries of foreign and domestic correspondence, a Librarian and a Cabinet- Keeper, a Treasurer, and a Curator from each county in this State.

ARTICLE IV. There shall be one annual, and occasional meetings of the Society. The annual meeting for the election of of- ficers shall be at Montpelier on Tuesday preceding the third Wednesday of January; the special meetings shall be at such time and place as the Board of Managers shall de- termine. ARTICLE V. All members, (Honorary and Corresponding members excepted), shall pay, on admission, the sum of two dollars, and an additional sum of one dollar annually. 8 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

ARTICLE VI. Members shall be elected upon the recommendation of any member of the Society.

ARTICLE VII. This Constitution and the By-Laws may be altered or amended at the annual meeting by a vote of two-thirds of the members present, provided notice of the proposed change shall have been given at the next preceding an- nual meeting. Officers and Members OF THE

Vermont Historical Society For the Years 1914-1915

OFFICERS OF THE

Vermont Historical Society For the Years 1914-1915

President. WILLIAM W. STICKNEY, Ludlow.

Vice-presidents.

JOSEPH A. DE BOER, Montpelier. THEODORE NEWTON VAIL, Lyndonville. JOHN E. GOODRICH, Burlington.

Recording Secretary. FRED A. ROWLAND, Montpelier.

Corresponding Secretaries. DORMAN B. E. KENT, Montpelier. WALTER H. CROCKETT, Burlington. Treasurer. HENRY F. FIELD, Rutland.

Librarian.

DORMAN B. E. KENT, Montpelier. Curators.

JOHN M. THOMAS, Addison County. HALL PARK McCULLOUGH, Bennington County. HENRY FAIRBANKS, Caledonia County. JOHN E. GOODRICH, Chittenden County. PORTER H. DALE, Essex County. FRANK L. GREENE, Franklin County. NELSON WILBUR FISK, Grand Isle County. CARROLL S. PAGE, Lamoille County. HALE K. DARLING, Orange County. FREDERICK W. BALDWIN, Orleans County. FRANK C. PARTRIDGE, Rutland County. 12 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

WALTER H. CROCKETT, Washington County. LYMAN S. HAYES, Windham County. GILBERT A. DAVIS, Windsor County. GUY W. BAILEY, Secretary of State, \ HORACE F. GRAHAM, Auditor of Accounts, V Ex-officio.

GEORGE W. WING, State Librarian, )

STANDING COMMITTEES. ON LlBBABY. JOSEPH A. DE BOER, Montpelier. HALL PARK McCULLOUGH, North Bennington. FRANK C. PARTRIDGE, Proctor.

ON PBINTING. DORMAN B. E. KENT, Montpelier. FRED A. ROWLAND, Montpelier. WALTER H. CROCKETT, Burlington.

ON FINANCE. GILBERT A. DAVIS, Windsor. FRANK C. PARTRIDGE, Proctor. FRED A. ROWLAND, Montpelier.

LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. ACTIVE MEMBERS.

1 Frank Danford Abbott, 440 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. 2 Charles E. Allen Burlington, Vt. 3 Heman W. Allen Burlington, Vt. 4 Martin Fletcher Allen Ferrisburg, Vt. 5 George Pomeroy Anderson, Editorial Rooms, Boston Globe, Boston, Mass. 6 Wilbert Lee Anderson East Berkshire, Vt. 7 Wallace Gale Andrews Montpelier, Vt. 8 Burdett L. Arms University of Texas, Galveston, Texas. 9 Julius Walter Atwood Box 71, Phoenix, Ariz. 10 Warren Robinson Austin St. Albans, Vt. 11 Fred H. Babbitt Rockingham, Vt. ACTIVE MEMBERS 13

12 Guy W. Bailey Essex Junction, Vt. 13 Frederick W. Baldwin Barton, Vt.

14 LeRoy Wilbur Baldwin 8 East 70th St., New York City. 15 Smith S. Ballard Montpelier, Vt. 16 Henry L. Ballou Chester, Vt. 17 Douglas Monroe Barclay Barre, Vt. 18 Millard Barnes Chimney Point, Vt. 19 Elmer Barnum Shoreham, Vt. 20 John Barrett Pan-American Union, Washington, D. C. 21 George Lyman Batchelder Wallingford, Vt. 22 James K. Batchelder Arlington, Vt. 23 Edwin A. Bayley Lexington, Mass. 24 George Beckett Williamstown, Vt. 25 William A. Beebe Proctor, Vt. 26 Charles M. Bennett Montpelier, Vt. 27 Guy Potter Benton Burlington, Vt. 28 Josiah Henry Benton, Jr Ames Bldg., Boston, Mass. 29 Charles E. Billings Hartford, Conn. 30 Arthur Brown Bisbee Montpelier, Vt. 31 Harry Alonzo Black Newport, Vt.

32 Charles M. Blake 1 Btiena Vista St., Roxbury, Mass. 33 Fred Blanchard Montpelier, Vt. 34 George Lawrence Blanchard Montpelier, Vt. 35 Herbert H. Blanchard Springfield, Vt. 36 Pearl Freeman Blodgett Montpelier, Vt. 37 James M. Boutwell Montpelier, Vt 38 Thomas Jefferson Boynton Everett, Mass. 39 Charles H. Bradley P. O. Box 1486, Boston, Mass. 40 Ezra Brainerd Middlebury, Vt.

41 John Bliss Brainerd 419 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. 42 Herbert J. Brean Montpelier, Vt. 43 George Briggs Montpelier, Vt. 44 William A. Briggs .Montpelier, Vt. 45 James W. Brock Montpelier, Vt. 46 Frank Hilliard Brooks St. Johnsbury, Vt. 47 John Vail Brooks Montpelier, Vt. 48 George B. Brown Burlington, Vt. 49 George Washington Brown ..205 Lincoln St., Boston, Mass. 50 Henry T. Brown Ludlow, Vt.

51 Martin A. Brown 131 State St., Boston, Mass. 14 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

52 Frank M. Bryan Montpelier, Vt. 53 Dan Deming Burditt Pittsford, Vt. 54 Fred Mason Butler Rutland, Vt 55 Franklin George Butterfield Derby, Vt 56 Timothy Edward Byrnes So. Station, Boston, Mass. 57 Edward Augustus Cahoon Roswell, N. M. 58 Timothy Edward Callahan Montpelier, Vt 59 Edward Raymond Campbell Bellows Falls, Vt. 60 Wallace Henry Campbell Rochester, Vt. 61 Henry Otis Carpenter Rutland, Vt 62 Fred Taylor Caswell Derby, Vt

63 Charles A. Catlin 133 Hope St., Providence, R. I. 64 Robert Mayo Catlin Franklin Furnace, N. J. 65 Charles Solomon Caverly Rutland, Vt. 66 Newman Keyes Chaffee Rutland, Vt 67 George Ernest Chalmers Rutland, Vt 68 Edson Joseph Chamberlin, Grand Trunk Railway,

, Montreal, Canada. 69 Albert B. Chandler Randolph, Vt 70 John Asa Chedel Stockbridge, Vt. 71 Thomas Charles Cheney Morrisville, Vt.

72 Byron Nathaniel Clark , Burlington, Vt. 73 Edward R. Clark Castleton, Vt. 74 Henry L. Clark Castleton, Vt 75 Henry O. Clark Orange, N. J. 76 Isaiah R. Clark 54 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass. 77 Osman Dewey Clark Montpelier, Vt. 78 Percival W. Clement Rutland, Vt 79 James C. Colgate Bennington, Vt. 80 Edward D. Collins Middlebury, Vt 81 Edwin A. Colton Montpelier, Vt 82 Willard C. Colton Montpelier, Vt. 83 John M. Comstock Chelsea, Vt. 84 Carlos Everett Conant Chattanooga, Tenn. 85 David S. Conant Bradford, Vt. 86 Kate Morris Cone Hartford, Vt 87 Edward Cowles Plymouth, Mass. 88 Elmer E. Cowles Weybridge, Vt 89 Walter Hill Crockett Burlington, Vt.

90 Charles Herbert Cross 268 Summer St., Boston, Mass. ACTIVE MEMBERS 15

91 George Henry Cross St. Johnsbury, Vt. 92 Lewis Bartlett Cross Montpelier, Vt. 93 Addison Edward Cudworth So. Londonderry, Vt. 94 Henry T. Cushman No. Bennington, Vt. 95 Robert Cushman 95 Milk St., Boston, Mass. 96 Harry M. Cutler Montpelier, Vt 97 Clarence E. Cutting Concord, Vt. 98 Porter H. Dale Brighton, Vt. 99 Olin Weston Daley White River Junction, Vt.

100 Charles Kimball Darling 879 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 101 Hale Knight Darling Chelsea, Vt. 102 George Davenport East Randolph, Vt. 103 Edward Aaron Davis Bethel, Vt. 104 Gilbert A. Davis Windsor, Vt.

105 Ozora Stearns Davis . . 20 No. Ashland Blvd., Chicago, I'll. 106 William Anthony Davison Burlington, Vt. 107 Frank R. Dawley Montpelier, Vt. 108 Edward Harrington Deavitt Montpelier, Vt. 109 Joseph Arend De Boer Montpelier, Vt. 110 Franklin H. Dewart Burlington, Vt. 111 Davis Rich Dewey, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. 112 Paul Dillingham Montpelier, Vt. 113 William Paul Dillingham Montpelier, Vt. 114 George M. Dimond 66 Globe Bldg., Boston, Mass. 115 Matt L. Divoll Rockingham, Vt. 116 Charles Downer Sharon, Vt. 117 Alexander Dunnett St. Johnsbury, Vt. 118 Walter A. Dutton Hardwick, Vt. 119 Frank C. Dyer Salisbury, Vt. 120 Ira Holton Edson Montpelier, Vt. 121 William Arba Ellis Northfleld, Vt. 122 Samuel Franklin Emerson Burlington, Vt. 123 James Borden Estee Montpelier, Vt. 124 Edward T. Fairbanks St. Johnsbury, Vt. 125 Henry Fairbanks St. Johnsbury, Vt. 126 Horace M. Farnham Montpelier, Vt. 127 Arthur Daggett Farwell Montpelier, Vt. 128 Henry L. Farwell Montpelier, Vt. 129 Albert Whitman Ferrin Montpelier, Vt. 16 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

130 Edward Davenport Field Montpelier, Vt. 131 Fred Griswold Field Springfield, Vt. 132 Fred Tarbell Field.. Room 225, State House, Boston, Mass. 133 Henry Francis Field Rutland, Vt. 134 Benjamin Franklin Fifield Montpelier, Vt. 135 Frank Leslie Fish Vergennes, Vt. 136 Nelson Wilbur Fisk Isle La Motte, Vt. 137 Clarke C. Fitts Brattleboro, Vt. 138 Frederick G. Fleetwood Morrisville, Vt. 139 Allen M. Fletcher Cavendish, Vt 140 Ernest Ryland Fletcher Hardwick, Vt. 141 Abram William Foote Middlebury, Vt. 142 Charles Spooner Forbes St. Albans, Vt.

143 Eugene Noble Foss 34 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 144 Herbert Sidney Foster North Calais, Vt. * 145 Charles L. French Hardwick, Vt. 146 Timothy Prescott Frost.. 1632 Hinman Ave., Evanston, 111. 147 Daniel G. Furman Swanton, Vt. 148 Seth Newton Gage Weathersfield, Vt. 149 Benjamin Gates Montpelier, Vt. 150 Charles W. Gates Franklin, Vt. 151 Walter Benton Gates Burlington, Vt

152 William W. Gay 157 W. 105th St., New York City. 153 Mary E. Giddings Hubbardton, Vt

154 James Meacham Gifford.310 West 102nd St., New York City. 155 Charles Sumner Gleed..i04 Greenwood Ave., Topeka, Kans. 156 Edward M. Goddard Montpelier, Vt 157 Jonas Eli Goodenough Middlesex, Vt. 158 John Ellsworth Goodrich Burlington, Vt 159 John Warren Gordon Barre, Vt. 160 George H. Gorham Bellows Falls, Vt 161 Frank Keeler Goss Montpelier, Vt 162 Horace French Graham Craftsbury, Vt. 163 Warner A. Graham Rockingham, Vt 164 Frank Lester Greene St. Albans, Vt

165 Matthew Hale 60 State St., Boston, Mass. 166 Alfred Stevens Hall Winchester, Mass. 167 Charles Hiland Hall Springfield, Mass. 168 Dewey T. Hanley Montpelier, Vt. ACTIVE MEMBERS 17

169 Marshall Jay Hapgood Peru, Vt. 170 John E. Harris St. Johnsbury, Vt. 171 Erwin M. Harvey Montpelier, Vt. 172 George Harvey Deal, N. J. 173 John Nelson Harvey Montpelier, Vt. 174 Seneca Haselton Burlington, Vt. 175 Kittredge Haskins Brattleboro, Vt. 176 Frank W. Hastings Glover, Vt. 177 William Moore Hatch.. 16 Pelham Terrace, Arlington, Mass. 178 Rush C. Hawkins 21 West 20th St, New York City. 179 Donly C. Hawley Burlington, Vt. 180 Lyman S. Hayes Bellows Falls, Vt 181 Benjamin Miner Hayward Montpelier, Vt 182 Tracy Elliott Hazen. .Columbia University, New York City. 183 Charles H. Heaton Montpelier, Vt. 184 Alonzo Barton Hepburn, Chase National Bank, New York City. 185 John H. Hicks Weathersfield, Vt. 186 Edwin Hall Higley Groton, Mass. 187 James S. Hill Rockingham, Vt. 188 G. A. Hines Brattleboro, Vt 189 T. D. Hobart Pampa, Texas. 190 George Maynard Hogan St Albans, Vt. 191 Arthur J. Holden Bennington, Vt. 192 Henry Holt Burlington, Vt 193 Henry Holt Montpelier, Vt 194 Henry Dwight Holton Brattleboro, Vt 195 Horace S. Homer Springfield, Mass. 196 Judson N. Hooker Castleton, Vt. 197 Herman Deming Hopkins Montpelier, Vt 198 Charles Willard Howard Shoreham, Vt. 199 Frank E. Howe Bennington, Vt 200 Willard Bean Howe Burlington, Vt. 201 Phil Sheridan Howes Montpelier, Vt. 202 Frank George Rowland Barre, Vt. 203 Fred A. Rowland Montpelier, Vt. 204 Archer Butler Hulbert Boston, Mass. 205 Byron Satterlee Hulbert Cambridge, Mass. 206 W. D. Hulett Rutland, Vt 18 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

207 William Walter Husband, 104 House Office Bldg., Washington, D. C. 208 Edward Swift Isham Ormsby Hill, Manchester, Vt. 209 C. A. G. Jackson Montpelier, Vt. 210 S. Hollister Jackson Barre, Vt. 211 William H. Jeffrey Burke, Vt.

212 Frederick B. Jennings 15 Broad St., New York City. 213 Isaac Jennings Bennington, Vt. 192 214 Philip B. Jennings , Broadway, New York City. 215 William Bigelow Jennings, 925 West End Ave., New York City. 216 Hugh J. M. Jones Montpelier, Vt.

217 Matt Bushnell Jones.. Ill Parker St., Newton Center, Mass. 218 Walter Edwin Jones Waitsfield, Vt. 219 Ernest Parlin Jose Johnson, Vt. 220 Myron W. Joslyn 47 Trapello Road, Auburndale, Mass. 221 Otis N. Kelton St. Albans, Vt. 222 Harlan Wesley Kemp Montpelier, Vt. 223 Dorman Bridgman Eaton Kent Montpelier, Vt. 224 Ira Rich Kent Youth's Companion Bldg., Boston, Mass. 225 Wade Keyes 1040% Tremont Bldg., Boston, Mass. 226 Fred T. Kidder Woodstock, Vt.

227 Harvey King 11 Merlin St., Dorchester, Mass. 228 Darwin Pearl Kingsley...... 346 Broadway, New York City. 229 Harvey R. Kingsley Rutland, Vt. 230 Earle S. Kinsley Rutland, Vt. 231 Fred Leslie Laird Montpelier, Vt.

232 Guy Caleb Lamson 1701 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 233 Frank Elmer Langley Barre, Vt.

234 Charles Ford Langworthy 1604 17th St., Washington, D. C. 235 George Benedict Lawson Saxtons River, Vt. 236 Shailer E. Lawton Brattleboro, Vt. 237 Philip R. Leavenworth Castleton, Vt. 238 George Farnham Leland Springfield, Vt. 239 Harthan Freeman Leslie Montpelier, Vt. 240 George Emery Littlefield 37 Cornhill, Boston, Mass. 241 Frederick Davis Long Montpelier, Vt.

242 Nelson Henry Loomis 3608 Jackson St., Omaha, Neb. 243 Charles Sumner Lord Winooski, Vt. 244 Willis Eugene Lougee . . .287 4th Ave., New York City. ACTIVE MEMBERS 19

245 Henry W. Lund Canaan, Vt. 246 Edward Sprague Marsh Brandon, Vt. 247 Orlando L. Martin PlainHeld, Vt. 248 Willard S. Martin Plainfield, Vt. 249 Charles Duane Mather Montpelier, Vt.

250 Charles Frederick Mathewson. .55 Wall St., New York City. 251 O. D. Matthewson Lyndon Center, Vt. 252 William Barnabus Mayo Northfield, Vt. 253 John E. McClellan Plymouth, Vt. 254 Hall Park McCullough No. Bennington, Vt. 255 John G. McCullough No. Bennington, Vt. 256 Raymond McFarland Middlebury, Vt. 257 Archibald H. McMurphy Randolph Center, Vt. 258 John Abner Mead Rutland, Vt.

259 William Rutherford Mead. .10 West 43d St., New York City. 260 Bert Emery Merriam Rahway, N. J. 261 Charles Henry Merrill St. Johnsbury, Vt. 262 Olin Merrill Enosburgh, Vt. 263 John H. Minims Burlington, Vt. 264 Harlan Sherman Miner Gloucester, N. J. 265 Theodore H. Monroe Monticello, Ind. 266 David Thompson Montague 217 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. 267 Charles H. Merrill Bakersfield, Vt.

268 John G. Morrison 31 Main St., Cambridge, Mass. 269 Anson Daniel Morse Amherst, Mass. 270 Clarence E. Moulton Montpelier, Vt. 271 Sherman R. Moulton Burlington, Vt. 272 Loveland Munson Manchester, Vt. 273 Robert Ellsworth Mussey..912 Mundy Ave., El Paso, Texas.

274 Joel R. Nichols 131a Dartmouth St., Boston, Mass. 275 Robert Noble Burlington, Vt. 276 Clayton Nelson North Shoreham, Vt. 277 Andrew B. Oatman Bennington, Vt. 278 Arthur G. Osgood Randolph, Vt. 279 Carroll S. Page Hyde Park, Vt. 280 Charles Parker Montpelier, Vt. 281 Harry El wood Parker Bradford, Vt. 282 Amos E. Parlin Barton Landing, Vt. 283 Frank T. Parsons Montpelier, Vt. 20 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

284 Frank C. Partridge Proctor, Vt. 285 James Hamilton Peabody Canon City, Col. 286 Frederick Salmon Pease Burlington, Vt. 287 Mary Everett Pease Burlington, Vt. 288 Hamilton Sullivan Peck Burlington, Vt. 289 Theodore Safford Peck Burlington, Vt. 290 Charles Huntington Pennoyer Springfield, Vt. 291 George Henry Perkins Burlington, Vt. 292 Marsh Olin Perkins Windsor, Vt. 293 Walter E. Perkins Pomfret, Vt. 294 Richard Franklin Pettigrew Sioux Falls, S. D. 295 Ebenezer Sanborn Phillips Bridgeport, Conn. 296 Philip T. H. Pierson Bennington, Vt. 297 George S. Pingree 66 Center St., Brookline, Mass. 298 Mary M. Platt Shoreham, Vt. 299 Charles Albert Plumley Northfield, Vt. 300 Frank Plumley Northfield, Vt. 301 Don C. Pollard Proctorsville, Vt.

302 John Lyman Porter 40 Inman St., Cambridge, Mass. 303 Max Leon Powell Burlington, Vt.

304 Thomas Reed Powell . . Columbia University, New York City. 305 George McClellan Powers Morrisville, Vt. 306 Mortimer Robinson Proctor Proctor, Vt. 307 Redfield Proctor Proctor, Vt. 308 Thomas Redfield Proctor Utica, N. Y. 309 Charles A. Prouty Newport, Vt. 310 George H. Prouty Newport, Vt. 311 George Kimball Putnam Montpelier, Vt. 312 Ralph Wright Putnam Putnamsville, Vt.

313 William D. Quimby . . . .94 Mt. Vernon St., Somerville, Mass. 314 Winfield S. Quimby 173 Davis Ave., Brookline, Mass. 315 Stephen Rand Navy Department, Washington, D. C. 316 Frederick Barnard Richards Glens Falls, N. Y. 317 Rollin Lemuel Richmond Rutland, Vt. 318 Robert Roberts Burlington, Vt.

319 Albert Alonzo Robinson 900 Tyler St., Topeka, Kans. 320 Arthur L. Robinson Maiden, Mass. 321 Edward Mortimer Roscoe Barre, Vt. 322 Henry Herbert Ross Burlington, Vt. 323 Levi Leroy Rowe 74 Portland St., Boston, Mass. ACTIVE MEMBERS 21

324 John W. Rowell Randolph, Vt 325 Harold G. Rugg Proctorsville, Vt. 326 William W. Russell White River Junction, Vt. 327 Herbert D. Ryder Bellows Falls, Vt. 328 H. E. Sadler Sedan, Kansas. 329 John Garibaldi Sargent Ludlow, Vt. 330 Albert R. Savage Auburn, Me. 331 Harley True Seaver Barton, Vt. 332 Olin Scott Bennington, Vt. 333 Henry Bigelow Shaw Burlington, Vt. 334 William A. Shaw Northfield, Vt. 335 Nelson Lewis Sheldon 108-11 Niles Bldg., Boston, Mass. 336 William B. Sheldon Bennington, Vt. 337 George B. Shepard Eberhardt Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 338 Andrew Jackson Sibley Montpelier, Vt. 339 Robert W. Simonds St. Johnsbury, Vt. 340 Leighton P. Slack St. Johnsbury, Vt. 341 Charles H. Slocum Morrisville, Vt. 342 Charles Plimpton Smith Burlington, Vt. 343 Clarence L. Smith Burlington, Vt. 344 Cyrus Henry Smith Bridport, Vt 345 Edward Curtis Smith St. Albans, Vt 346 Frank N. Smith Montpelier, Vt. 347 John Gregory Smith St. Albans, Vt. 348 Robert E. Smith White River Jet, Vt 349 John L. Southwick Burlington, Vt. 350 Martha E. Spafford , Rutland, Vt. 351 Charles Horace Spooner Northfield, Vt. 352 Leverett Wilson Spring Williamstown, Mass. 353 Bert L. Stafford Rutland, Vt. 354 Wendell Phillips Stafford Washington, D. C. 355 Zed S. Stanton Roxbury, Vt. 356 George E. Stebbins Sheldon, Vt. 357 W. D. Stewart Bakersfield, Vt. 358 John Conant Stewart York Village, Me. 359 William B. C. Stickney Rutland, Vt. 360 William Wallace Stickney Ludlow, Vt. 361 Arthur F. Stone St. Johnsbury, Vt. 362 Mason Sereno Stone Montpelier, Vt. 363 George L. Story Waterville, Vt. 22 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

364 George Oren Stratton Montpelier, Vt. 365 Benjamin Swift Woodstock, Vt. 366 Lucius Dennison Taft Montpelier, Vt. 367 Charles P. Tarbell South Royalton, Vt. 368 James P. Taylor Saxtons River, Vt. 369 W. H. Taylor Hardwick, Vt. 370 William Napoleon Theriault Montpelier, Vt. 371 Isaac Thomas Rutland, Vt. 372 John M. Thomas Middlebury, Vt.

373 Charles Miner Thompson 161 Brattle St., Cambridge, Mass. 374 Henry Grain Tinkham Burlington, Vt. 375 William Mason Towle Potsdam, N. Y. 376 Harriet Belle Towne Burlington, Vt.

377 L. Curtis Turner 192 Dartmouth St., Boston, Mass. 378 Albert Tuttle Fair Haven, Vt. 379 Egbert Clayton Tuttle Rutland, Vt. 380 Henry Tuxbury Windsor, Vt. 381 Theodore Newton Vail Lyndonville, Vt. 382 William Van Patten Burlington, Vt. 383 Josiah William Votey Burlington, Vt.

384 Horatio Loomis Wait 110 LaSalle St., Chicago, 111. 385 Frank Ardain Walker Ludlow, Vt. 386 Roberts Walker 115 Broadway, New York City. 387 Harris Ralph Watkins Burlington, Vt. 388 Alfred Edwin Watson Hartford, Vt. 389 Charles Douglas Watson St. Albans, Vt. 390 Charles A. Webb Montpelier, Vt 391 William Seward Webb Shelburne, Vt. 392 Edward Dwight Welling No. Bennington, Vt.

393 Charles Henry Wells.. 871 South 17th St., Newark, N. J. 394 Frank Richardson Wells Burlington, Vt. 395 Frederic Palmer Wells Newbury, Vt. 39,6 Edward C. Wheeler 5 Melville Ave., Dorchester, Mass.

397 James R. Wheeler 433 West 117th St., New York City. 398 John Brooks Wheeler Burlington, Vt. 399 Charles Warren Whitcomb Proctorsville, Vt. 400 James A. Whitcomb 32 East 23rd St., New York City. 401 Harrie C. White No. Bennington, Vt. 402 Albert M. Whitelaw Ryegate, Vt. 403 Oscar Livingston Whitelaw . .409 No. 2nd St., St. Louis, Mo. ACTIVE MEMBERS 23

404 Robert Henry Whitelaw ....409 No. 2nd St., St. Louis, Mo. 405 E. Lee Whitney Montpelier, Vt. 406 James Benjamin Wilbur Manchester, Vt. 407 Lafayette Wilbur Jericho, Vt. 408 Frank J. Wilder Cornhill, Boston, Mass. 409 Daniel Willard B. & 0. R. R. Offices, Baltimore, Md. 410 Benjamin Williams Proctor, Vt. 411 Frank Clifton Williams Newport, Vt. 412 Frank Higginson Williams, Jr Woodstock, Vt. 413 Stanley Calef Wilson Chelsea, Vt. 414 George Washington Wing Montpelier, Vt. 415 Gustavus L. Winship Fairlee, Vt. 416 Urban A. Woodbury Burlington, Vt. 417 George M. Wright 280 Broadway, New York City. CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

1 Everett C. Benton Boston, Mass. 2 George F. Bixby Plattsburg, N. Y. 3 John Dearborn Maiden, Mass.

4 Herbert W. Denio Route 2, Concord, N. H. 5 W. O. Hart 134 Carondelet St., New Orleans, La. 6 Edward R. Houghton Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass. 7 George Dana Lord Hanover, N. H. 8 Edwin Sawyer Walker Springfield, 111. 9 William Copley Winslow 525 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

1 John W. Burgess Columbia University, New York City. 2 Charles Edgar Clark Navy Department, Washington, D. C. 3 Charles Hial Darling Burlington, Vt. 4 George Dewey Washington, D. C. 5 John W. Simpson , 25 Broad St., New York City.

Report of the Meetings of the Vermont Historical Society

Vermont Historical Society PROCEEDINGS

SEVENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING, OCTOBER 14, 1913.

Pursuant to printed notice, the Vermont Historical So- ciety held its seventy-fifth annual meeting in the old library room of the Vermont State Capitol at two o'clock Tuesday afternoon, October 14, 1913. The meeting was called to order by the President, Hon. W. W. Stickney. The following members were present: William W. Stickney, George W. Wing, Dorman B. E. Kent, P. S. Howes, W. G. Andrews, William P. Dillingham,

Harry B. Shaw, J. Edward Wright and Ered A. Howland. The records of the adjourned meeting of October 29, 1912, of the public exercises of the same date and of the adjourned meeting of December 17, 1912, were read and approved. In the absence of the Treasurer, his report was read by the Secretary and, on motion, accepted and placed on file. The Librarian's report was read and, on motion, ac- cepted and placed on file. The following applications for membership were favor- ably acted upon and the several applicants made members of the Society: George Brooks Shepard, Cleveland, Ohio; Clarence E. Cutting, Concord, Vermont; and William B. Sheldon, Bennington, Vermont. The resignations of the following members were ac- cepted: William Stanford Stevens, Wyman S. Bascom, and Elmer E. Silver. 28 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

On motion of Harry B. Shaw, the following named committee was appointed to nominate officers for the en- suing year: Harry B. Shaw, Wallace G. Andrews and Joseph A. DeBoer. The committee reported, nominating the same officers as were elected at the annual meeting in 1912 and the Secretary was directed to cast a ballot for the nominees, and on such ballot being cast, these officers were declared elected as follows :

President, William W. Stickney, Ludlow. Vice-Presidents, Joseph A. DeBoer, Montpelier. Horace W. Bailey, Rutland. John E. Goodrich, Burlington. Recording Secretary, Fred A. Howland, Montpelier. Corresponding Secretaries, Dorman B. E. Kent, Mont-

pelier. Walter H. Crockett, Burlington. Treasurer, Henry F. Field, Rutland. Librarian, Dorman B. E. Kent, Montpelier. Curators, John M. Thomas, Addison County. Hall Park McCullough, Bennington County. Henry Fairbanks, Caledonia County. John E. Goodrich, Chittenden County. Porter H. Dale, Essex County. Frank L. Greene, Franklin County. Nelson Wilbur Fisk, Grand Isle County. Carroll S. Page, Lamoille County. Horace W. Bailey, Orange County. Frederick W. Baldwin, Orleans County. Frank C. Partridge, Rutland County. Walter H. Crockett, Washington County. Lyman S. Hayes, Windham County. Gilbert A. Davis, Windsor County. PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL MEETING 29

Guy W. Bailey, Secretary of State, Horace F. Graham, Auditor of Accounts, \Ex-officio. George W. Wing, State Librarian,

Notices of proposed changes in the constitution were given as follows :

By Mr. Kent, a proposal to amend Article IV of the constitution so it would read : "The annual meeting for the election of officers shall be held at Montpelier on the third Tuesday in January and special meetings shall be at such time and place as the Board of Managers shall determine."

By Mr. DeBoer, a proposed amendment to Article IV of the constitution so that the annual meeting shall be held on the second Tuesday in January, or on such other date as the members might determine at the annual meeting to be held in October, 1914.

Both notices were ordered to lie and to await the ac- tion of the next annual meeting, in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. The President appointed the following standing com- mittees :

On Library: Joseph A. DeBoer, Frank C. Partridge, Hall P. McCullough.

On Printing : Dorman B. E. Kent, Fred A. Howland, Walter H, Crockett.

On Finance: Gilbert A. Davis, Frank C. Partridge, Fred A. Howland.

On motion of Mr. Kent, the meeting adjourned.

Attest : FRED A. HOWLAND, Recording Secretary. 30 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

SEVENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING, OCTOBER 20, 1914.

Pursuant to printed notice, the Vermont Historical So- in the old room ceity held its 76th annual meeting library of the annex to the Vermont State Capitol at two o'clock Tuesday afternoon, October 20, 1914. The following members were present: President Stickney in the chair, George L. Blanchard, D. B. E. Kent,

E. H. Deavitt, A. J. Sibley, Phil S. Howes, George W. Wing, E. M. Goddard, Charles D. Mather, L. Bart Cross, Walter H. Crockett, Wallace G. Andrews and Fred A. Howland. The Treasurer's report was read by the Secretary, in the absence of the Treasurer, and adopted and placed on file.

The Librarian's report was read and its recommenda- tions approved and ordered placed on file. It was voted, on motion of Mr. Goddard, that the pub- lication of Eminent Vermonters, prepared by the Librarian, Mr. D. B. E. Kent, be published by the Society. On motion of Mr. Kent, it was voted that a com- mittee of three be appointed, with the President, to confer with Mr. E. Lee Whitney with reference to the publication of Mr. Whitney's Index to Hemenway's Gazetteer. The chair appointed as such committee Messrs. Kent, Goddard and Crockett.

The proposal to amend Article IV of the constitution was taken up and it was unanimously voted to strike out in said Article IV the word "October" and insert in lieu thereof the word "January," so that said Article IV, as amended, now reads as follows : There shall be one annual, and occasional meetings of the Society. The annual meeting for the election of of- ficers shall be at Montpelier on Tuesday preceding the third Wednesday of January; the special meetings shall be at such time and place as the Board of Managers shall deter- mine. PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL MEETING 31

The following were elected members of the Society : Winfield S. Quimby, 173 Davis Ave., Brookline, Mass. Charles Horace Spooner, Northfield, Vt. Henry Tuxbury, Windsor, Vt. Robert E. Smith, White River Junction, Vt. Robert Ellsworth Mussey, 912 Mundy Ave., El Paso, Texas. Edward Augustus Cahoon, Roswell, N. M. Edwin A. Bayley, Lexington, Mass. Willard S. Martin, Plainfield, Vt.

Thomas J. Boynton, Everett, Mass. Levi Leroy Rowe, 74 Portland St., Boston, Mass. William D. Quimby, 94 Mt. Vernon St., Somerville, Mass.

Martin A. Brown, 131 State St., Boston, Mass.

Charles M. Blake, 1 Buena Vista St., Roxbury, Mass. James A. Whitcomb, 32 East 23rd St., New York City. Joel R. Nichols, 13 la Dartmouth St., Boston, Mass. George S. Pingree, 66 Center St., Brookline, Mass. Myron W. Joslyn, 47 Trapello Rd., Auburndale, Mass. Harvey King, 11 Merlin St., Dorchester, Mass. John Lyman Porter, 40 Inman St., Cambridge, Mass. Burdett L. Arms, University of Texas, Galveston, Texas.

L. Curtis Turner, 192 Dartmouth St., Boston, Mass. Henry Holt, Burlington, Vt. On motion of Mr. Crockett, the following resolution was adopted : RESOLVED, That as a mark of appreciation of the patriotic services of Ira Allen and Thomas Chittenden, which contributed so largely to the establishment of Ver- mont as an independent state, and to its preservation through manifold perils during the first troubled years of its exis- tence, a petition shall be presented by this Society to the next General Assembly asking for authority to erect Statues 32 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

in honor of these men on the terrace in front of the State House.

In accordance with the vote of the Society, Messrs. Kent and Crockett were authorized to formally express the thanks of the Society for certain valuable gifts to it and, in conformity with such vote, they prepared and for- warded the following letters:

January 15, 1915. General T. S. Peck, Burlington, Vt. Dear Sir: At the last regular meeting of the Vermont Historical Society the two men signing below were requested by vote to express to Miss Stannard through you the formal and hearty thanks of the Society for the gift of the gold watch carried so many years by her distinguished father. And, as well, we thank you, General Peck, for your part in the mat- ter. Please assure Miss Stannard that the watch will al- ways be in public view and entirely secure from loss. Yours very respectfully, W. H. Crockett. D. B. E. Kent.

January 15, 1915. Mr. W. N. Theriault, Montpelier, Vt.

Dear Sir : Will you kindly convey to the proper officers and mem- bers of the Knights of Columbus the formal thanks of the officers and members of the Vermont Historical Society for the gift to the Society of the tablet erected in Stock- bridge, Vermont, to the memory of Orestes A. Brownson? The Society appreciates fully the greatness of this man who was born and reared in our borders and thus, appreciating the tribute erected by your Order to his name, we ap- preciate as well the gift to us and at our last meeting the two undersigning men were delegated to write you in the matter. Yours very respectfully, W. H. Crockett. D. B. E. Kent. PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL MEETING 33

It was voted, on motion of Mr. Goddard, that when the Society adjourned it be to meet the first Tuesday before the third Wednesday of January, 1915, at two o'clock in the afternoon in the rooms of the Society. On motion of Mr. Deavitt the Secretary was author- ized to cast a ballot for the election of the living officers of the Society to continue in office until the annual meeting in January, 1915. The Secretary cast a ballot as directed and the President declared the living officers of the Society elected for the term named. The chair thereupon reap- pointed the committees then in office to continue their terms until the meeting of January 19, 1915. The chair appointed W. H. Crockett as a committee to write the obituaries of deceased members and report at a subsequent meeting. Notice was given of a proposed amendment to the by- laws which should provide for a Committee on Necrology. On motion of Mr. Mather, the meeting adjourned. A true record.

Attest : FRED A. ROWLAND

Recording Secretary.

SEVENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING, JANUARY 19, 1915.

Pursuant to printed notice, the Vermont Historical So- ciety held its seventy-seventh annual meeting in the old li- brary room of the annex to the Vermont State Capitol at two o'clock Tuesday afternoon, January 19, 1915. The meeting was called to order by the President, Hon.

W. W. Stickney, and the following members were present : D. B. E. Kent, Fred A. Howland, George W. Wing, E. Lee Whitney, S. R. Moulton and Frank T. Parsons. 3 34 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

On motion of Mr. Parsons, a committee of three to nominate officers for the ensuing year was appointed by the chair. Such committee consisted of Messrs. Whitney, Kent and Moulton. The committee retired and later re- ported, recommending the reelection of all the old officers except that in place of Hon. Horace W. Bailey, Vice-Presi- dent, deceased, the namje of Theodore N. Vail of Lyndon- ville was recommended, and in the place of Mr. Bailey as Curator of Orange county the name of Hale K. Darling of Chelsea was recommended. The ballot being taken, the report of the committee was adopted and the officers rec- omended were declared elected as follows:

President, William W. Stickney, Ludlow. Vice-Presidents, Joseph A. DeBoer, Montpelier. Theodore Newton Vail, Lyndonville. John E. Goodrich, Burlington. Recording Secretary, Fred A. Howland, Montpelier. Corresponding Secretaries, Dorman B. E. Kent, Mont- pelier; Walter H. Crockett, Montpelier. Treasurer, Henry F. Field, Rutland. Librarian, Dorman B. E. Kent, Montpelier. Curators, John M. Thomas, Addison County. Hall P. McCullough, Bennington County. Henry Fairbanks, Caledonia County. John E. Goodrich, Chittenden County. Porter H. Dale, Essex County. Frank L. Greene, Franklin County. Nelson Wilbur Fisk, Grand Isle County. Carroll S. Page, Lamoille County. Hale K. Darling, Orange County. Frederick W. Baldwin, Orleans County. Frank C. Partridge, Rutland County. Walter H. Crockett, Washington County. PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL MEETING 35

Lyman S. Hayes, Windham County. Gilbert A. Davis, Windsor County. Guy W. Bailey, Secretary of State, Horace F. Graham, Auditor of Accounts, Ex-officio. George W. Wing, State Librarian,

The President appointed the following committees: On Library: Joseph A. DeBoer, Montpelier; Hall P. McCullough, Bennington; Frank C. Partridge, Proctor. On Printing: Dorman B. E. Kent, Montpelier; Fred A. Howland, Montpelier; Walter H. Crockett, Montpelier. On Finance: Gilbert A. Davis, Windsor; Frank C. Partridge, Proctor; Fred A. Howland, Montpelier. The following were elected members of the Society: David L. Conant Bradford, Vt. Dr. Olin Weston Daley Hartford, Vt. Wallace Henry Campbell Rochester, Vt. Dr. William Barnabus Mayo Northfield, Vt. On motion, the meeting adjourned to meet in the hall of the House of Representatives at 7:30 o'clock in the evening. A true record.

Attest : FRED A. HOWLAND, Recording Secretary.

PUBLIC EXERCISES OF THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY,

JANUARY 19, 191^5.

The Society met at 7:30 o'clock in the hall of the House of Representatives, as provided in the motion for adjournment. The joint assembly of the House and Senate, which was fixed for that hour, was called to order by Lieutenant- 36 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Governor Darling and the mfeeting was by hint turned over to the President of the Vermont Historical Society, Mr. Stickney. President Stickney in his introductory remarks gave a brief historical sketch of the Society, showing its intimate connection with the State and the State's obligation to it and convincingly setting forth the invaluable character of the collections of the Society and the irreparable loss that would result from the destruction of the Society's collections by fire, concluding with an urgent appeal to the senators and representatives present to give full consideration to the question of providing fire-proof accommodations for the Society. The President then called upon John M. Thomas, Presi- dent of Middlebury College, who offered prayer. Hon. Frank C. Partridge of Proctor was then presented to the meeting by the President and delivered an address on the life and public services of Redfield Proctor. At the conclusion of Mr. Partridge's address, the following reso- lution was proposed by Fred A. Howland and unanimously adopted : Resolved, That the thanks of the Vermont Historical Society are hereby extended to Hon. Frank C. Partridge for his very able and most interesting address on the life and services of Redfield Proctor, and that Mr. Partridge be requested to furnish a copy of his remarks to this So- ciety for publication in its proceedings.

On motion of Mr. Kent, the meeting adjourned to meet the following day, January 20, 1915, at the rooms of the Society in the State House at two o'clock in the afternoon. A true record.

Attest : FRED A. HOWLAND, Recording Secretary. ADJOURNED MEETING, JANUARY 20, 1915.

Pursuant to adjournment, the Vermont Historical So- o'clock ciety met at its room in the State Capitol at two Wednesday afternoon, January 20, 1915.

There were present : President Stickney, Fred Blanch- ard, George L. Blanchard, D. B. E. Kent, Fred A. Rowland, Phil M. J. Hapgood, A. W. Foote, George W. Wing, S.

Howes, H. D. Hopkins and A. J. Sibley.

The following were elected members of the Society : John E. Harris St. Johnsbury, Vt. Benjamin W. Williams Proctor, Vt. George E. Stebbins Sheldon, Vt. Matt L. Divoll Rockingham, Vt. John Asa Chedel Stockbridge, Vt. Cyrus Henry Smith Bridport, Vt. Robert W. Simonds St. Johnsbury, Vt. Fred Taylor Caswell Derby, Vt. Charles W. Gates Franklin, Vt. George Ernest Chalmers Rutland, Vt.

J. Gregory Smith St. Albans, Vt. Stanley Calef Wilson Chelsea, Vt. Harley True Seaver Barton, Vt. Warner A. Graham Rockingham, Vt. Bert L. Stafford Rutland, Vt. John H. Hicks Weathersfield, Vt. Mr. Hapgood of Peru, representing the committee ap- pointed under a joint resolution of the legislature of 1912 to consider and report on a memorial to Ira Allen, addressed the Society, earnestly expressing his belief that the State could not do too much to distinguish the memory of Ira Allen and requesting any suggestions with reference to the proposed memorial that the Society might see fit to make. Thereupon it was voted that the Vermont Historical Society 38 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY recommend to the committee appointed by the Governor to consider the erection of a memorial to Ira Allen that in the judgment of the members of the Society present it seemed desirable that the memorial should take the form of a statue to be erected upon the State House property in Montpelier. On motion of Mr. Kent, the meeting was adjourned to the second Wednesday of March, 1915, being March 10, 1915, to meet at two o'clock in the afternoon of said day at the rooms of the Society in the State Capitol. A true record.

Attest : FRED A. ROWLAND, Recording Secretary. Librarian's and Treasurer's Report

October 14, 1913 and October 20, 1914

Librarian's Report

To the Hon. William W. Stickney, President of the Ver- mont Historical Society.

Sir: I have the honor to submit to you my report as li- brarian of the Vermont Historical Society for the year end- ing October 14, 1913. From the annual appropriation of $500 for the year end- the ing February 1, 1913, allowed us by the State for pur- chase of books, I expended the sum of $499.83. That sum, as in former years, was mainly used for buy- ing genealogies and town histories, to the exclusion of works on other subjects not usually sought for or consulted in our rooms.

Our library has increased during the year by gift, pur- chase and exchange to the extent of about 250 volumes and we have a genealogical collection of some 290 books. Care is taken not to duplicate in our own library volumes in the

State library, the latter of which has about 170 volumes on farm'ly history. This taken with ours, comprises some 460 genealogies available to the student of that subject, in these two rooms. We receive on exchange the publications of the leading historical societies of other states, but these, owing to lack of space, cannot be catalogued, bound and placed on our shelves, hence such historical matter, always of great value to the student, cannot now be available in our collection. I have had catalogued during the year the most of our new genealogies and town histories and it has been slow work owing to the necessity of employing the State Library 42 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY cataloguer who has had to do our work here and there and now and then and after a long day with her other employer. So much accumulates from month to month that can- not be catalogued, it is my advice that little more of this sort of work be done until the time when more space and more means can hire a woman to take care of the mass of work that has accumulated and will accumulate, cata- loguing and placing on our shelves at one time all that should then be attended to.

During the agitation in the last Assembly, looking to- ward an addition to the Capitol your committee for the pur- pose labored in what ways it could for the interests of this Society.

I, as a member of the committee, appeared before the public hearing and four times I was called before the special committee appointed by the legislature, at all of which meetings I explained as well as I could our needs and our desires.

The result of our efforts was that in the proposed plans for the new building we were given well nigh the entire upper story which would amjply care for our present wants and would, I should judge, house our accumulations for a quarter of a century yet to come, but, as you know, the matter is now in abeyance and waiting in part, the de- cision of the voters in March next. The Champlain statue which was secured through the efforts of Mr. Crockett, arrived during the past winter, but has thus far remained unopened We found to our great regret that no place in this build- ing is high enough to stand it properly on its pedestal nor could any spot be located which would afford it the ap- proach a work of its dignity and size should command. Should the new building be erected, arrangements can be made to place it in the center of the main rotunda and LIBRARIAN'S REPORT 43

certainly no finer piece of work will be found in that house. The volume of 1912 Proceedings which will this week

be placed in your hands is, I am sure, the largest of any we have thus far issued and will I hope prove to be one of the most valuable.

The compiling and supervision of the book have been done by your librarian and, as you know, is a real task, but not many pages of the work are of my own writing and to others must be given the real credit for giving to it its value. I wish then, here and now, to give my heartfelt thanks to the Rev. Isaac Jennings, to Mr. E. Lee Whitney and to Mr. William Arba Ellis, to Mr. Jennings for his able ad- dress, to Mr. Whitney for his valuable index to the Ver- monter which he gave to us outright and to Mr. Ellis for the excellent index to Thompson's Vermont which he sold to us for the extremely small sum of $25.00. The works of these two latter gentlemen, which appear in our present report and either one of which would make a volume in itself, will, I am certain, not only at once greatly enlarge the value of our State Magazine and of Thompson's Vermont, but at the same time make the 1912 Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society always sought for and always valuable. Your committee has purchased for the Society the bronze tablet or frame, which will hold the Bennington Dec- laration and a place of honor has been found for it in the corridor adjoining the House of Representatives and we regret that the work has not already been delivered. I have made a long search for some absolute proof as to the exact date of the signing of this document, but with- out much success. After a good deal of thought we at last decided to have the following inscription placed on the tablet which will surround the photographic reproduction of the original: 44 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

"The Bennington Declaration. Signed early in 1775 by 39 freeholders of Vermont, 27 of whom later bore arms in defence of their country. Original owned by the Ver- mont Historical Society." I wish again to publicly thank Mr. Wing, Mr. Whitney and their employees in the State library for their kindness and courtesy always expressed to me. My work as your librarian is hampered, of course, b> my almost continuous employment elsewhere and by our lack both of funds and of space, but I have endeavored during the past year to keep the Society up to the best standard my part in the management and my ability and time seemed to allow.

I have replied to some 420 letters bearing on well nigh every conceivable subject, and in the production of the 1912 Proceedings, in the purchase of books and in the opening of some forty exchanges with other societies, it is my hope that our affairs have at least been kept breathing and will continue to breathe until the day when ample rooms, ample funds and the whole time of an ample librarian, (which I am not,) can be secured. When that time arrives, and I am certain we shall live

to see it, the Society can become all it should become and it will then be found that the labors of the officers who are passing through this epoch will not have been in vain. DORMAN B. E. KENT, Librarian.

LIBRARIAN'S REPORT, 1914. To the Hon. W. W. Stickney, President of the Vermont Historical Society. Sir: I have the honor to submit for your consideration my report as Librarian and Custodian of the books and collec- LIBRARIAN'S REPORT 45 tions belonging to this Society for the year ending October

1, 1914. During the past twelve months I have secured with the money allowed us by the State sixty-nine genealogies,

thirty-two town histories and by gift, purchase and ex- change we have acquired some ninety-seven odd volumes entirely of an historical nature. No new cataloguing has been done during the year as a large portion of the new books received is stored in the dome in the hope that "roomier days," if I may be al- lowed the term, may sometime be ours. At the beginning of this year having long known that our collection of Vermont town histories was nowhere near complete I wrote letters to all the town clerks in the State, residing in towns whose histories had been written. I stated to these gentlemen that the Vermont Historical Society was by moral right the custodian of books, manu-

scripts and curios relating to the history of the State and that we were lacking certain Vermont town histories of which, if such was the case, theirs was among the number. I inquired if they had in their possession any unsold copies and if so the cost and added that while we were en- tirely willing to purchase the works, we had furnished for many years every library in the State and every town clerk whose town had no library, copies of our published histori- cal matter and the courtesy of an exchange would be thankfully appreciated. Some town clerks I discovered had in their keeping no histories of their respective towns, but from these letters I was enabled to acquire either by gift or purchase nearly all the lacking items on our shelves. This was of course duplicating in our collection the complete set of Vermont town histories held by the State Library, a thing I do not do in the purchase of genealogies and town histories in 46 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY states other than our own, but I have long been of the opinion that the Society should own as complete a collection as possible of books relating to Vermont history or to her separate communities or public men. About the usual number of books has been presented the Society during the year and in addition to these three gifts should deserve special mention. We have received through the good offices of Gen. T. S. Peck the gift from the daughter of Major-General George Stannard of the magnificent gold watch given her father during the Civil War and afterward constantly carried by him, not only to the close of the war, but until the end of his long and useful life. We have too received by the will of the widow of Brig.- Gen. Jedediah Hyde Baxter a three quarter length life size painting of her distinguished husband. General Baxter was a native of Stratford who became Surgeon-General of the United States army and died in Washington in 1890 after a long and distinguished career. The painting is a magnificent specimen of portraiture and we can feel ourselves truly fortunate in its possession. Nor would I by any means forget the warranty deed presented us by Paley W. Green, William N. Theriault and other leading Catholics of Vermont of the land and monu- ment in Stockbridge purchased and erected to the memory of Orestes Augustus Brownson, a native of that town who, as you know, became one of the foremost Catholic laymen and authors not only of this country, but of the whole world. Since our last meeting our worthy friend the Hon. Horace Bailey of Newbury and Rutland has gone from our midst and this Society has lost an earnest, a loyal and an active miember.

The love of his ancestors, of his native town, of this State and of all that pertained to the history of the State LIBRARIAN'S REPORT 47 was inherent and overwhelming in his makeup and he was an intense collector of Vermont books and pamphlets. His collection was stored at Newbury and it had long been his cherished intention, stated many times to me and to other men that at the end of his active life he would repair to the scenes of his youth and there live among his books and his old neighbors. It had, as well, been his intention to make a will dis- posing of his effects including his large library and the latter was to be given to the Newbury library and to the Vermont Historical Society, our organization to receive his entire collection published in or relating to Vermont. Like too many other men he had put off attending to the matter from year to year, but it was his intention to have the will drawn up last Christmas when he was home for the holidays. The disease which had long harassed him grew rapidly more severe, he could not go to Newbury for Christmas and on January 6, 1914 he died intestate. His heirs, whom I believe include only a brother and a sister, I am not acquainted with, but all those who do know them speak in the highest terms of their broad minded and liberal characters.

We hold no legal right to this man's collection of Ver- mont books and imprints, nor can we or would we insist upon our moral right, but I have hoped and shall long continue to hope that his brother and sister will some day, if not soon, see fit to present the Vermont Historical Society Horace Bailey's library and thus carry out the thing he would have done had God spared him a little longer. At our annual meeting in 1913 I reported to you that the Ver- mont Society of Colonial Dames had expressed the desire to buy each year and to house with us as many genealogies and town histories as their means seemed to warrant, such 48 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY books to be kept on separate shelves in our rooms and con- taining their own book plates. The idea seemed feasible and I advised one of the

Society's officers from time to time of books offered for sale with the result that a few were purchased and are now in our rooms.

Since that time the Vermont Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution has signified an exactly similar wish and I advised the woman who was sent to see me that we could I believed take care of their books.

Upon further consideration I feel obliged to state to you that in my opinion we should write these two Societies expressing our approval of the idea if conditions were dif- ferent and thanking them for their kind offer, but saying that owing to our cramped quarters we cannot find room for their books.

We are already constantly moving valuable books to the dome of the Capitol in order to make room for other books of value more often consulted and in my judgment it would be exceedingly ill-advised on our part to expose to destruction more of our own possessions in order to ac- commodate other societies.

All the wiring in this building conforms strictly to standard regulations and the danger of fire from this source is doubtless extremely remote. To my mind the greatest danger lies in the possibility of lightning striking the dome. Should this occur and should it take fire the Capitol would be doomed, and probably quickly. But the building is by no means fire proof against other causes. It is almost wholly old in construction and while to a layman strolling through the large rooms and observing the massive walls the possibility of a serious conflagration would appear very remote, we must recall that if a cigarette or a LIBRARIAN'S REPORT 49 lighted match dropped in a waste paper basket of the New York State Capitol could in a moment start a fire that the combined ingenuity of man in the art of fireproof construc- tion and fire fighting could not check for how little could we hope should accident befall us. In the event of fire in the main building our possessions in the dome would be lost, but the heavy iron and brick walls between the main building and the State library wing, where much of our collection is housed, might perhaps stop the destruction of the major portion of our holdings. Should fire start, however, in our part, especially at night, no one could foretell what might happen. Our Sergeant-at-arms, Mr. Frank T. Parsons, than whom no more careful, painstaking or progressive gentle- man has ever filled the office, has within the year again had the Capitol insured and for the first time its contents have been carefully itemized and our collection has been insured at this time.

The policies called for a detail of our possessions and their value and this statement was furnished the companies by your librarian, which statement was accepted without comment or criticism.

A true and real value could be placed on practically all of our books and pamphlets as they could in time be again secured by purchase, but when it came to articles of a so-called "sentimental value" the task was difficult.

Nearly all of our collection has been given us and none of it has ever been offered for sale.

What such articles would bring in dollars and cents no man can tell, and could one, it would not state their value to us as they are not for sale of course at any price. After a deal of figuring and refiguring, together with the counsel of men whose judgment I value, I at length arrived at the total figure of $60,380.00. That sum with 4 50 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY its detail was submitted to the companies and the posses- sions of the Vermont Historical Society are now fully in- sured for that amount. I would say that I have during the year purchased a bronze frame, properly inscribed, for the holding of the fac-simile of the Bennington Declaration and it now hangs on the wall at the entrance to the Legislative Chamber while the original Declaration has been placed for safety in the vaults of the National Life Insurance Company of this city. Immediately following our last annual meeting the Proceedings for 1912 were struck from the press and of that issue the following distribution was made: Every member of the Society first received a copy, one hundred and fifty then were given the State library, about one hundred and eighty-five were sent to the various town and city libraries of Vermont, sixty-one were forwarded town clerks in towns where there were no libraries, twenty- seven were sent to various heads of our State Departments, twenty-three were given to the prison, the house of correc- tion, the reform school, the insane hospitals, the colleges, academies and some of the larger high schools of Vermont and the balance, numbering some two hundred and fifty were retained for our private use of which one hundred and twenty-one have been sent on exchange to the various his- torical societies, state libraries and the leading colleges of the United States.

As the time now rapidly approaches when the proof for the 1914 Proceedings must be sent to the printers, allow me to close this report with a reference to the contents of this forthcoming volume. I have long been of the opinion that no impartial and fairly complete list of Vermont's famous sons from the dawn of the commonwealth down to the present generation LIBRARIAN'S REPORT 51 has ever been compiled and with that idea in mind I have spent my leisure hours for many months in going through, page by page, all the encyclopedias of American biography yet published, Hemenway's Gazetteer, Thompson's Ver- mont, all the Vermont town histories, Who's Who in Ameri- ca, Who's Who in New England and indeed every other source which might yield the names of men born in Ver- mont who by conspicuous service and ability made names for themselves, at least of State wide importance, in the respective Commonwealths in which they rose to fame or power. The work was done entirely without fear or favor and the result shows one thousand men born within our confines from 1764 to 1879 who have attained high positions in life and the list is a grand and surprising one indeed. The work has been arranged alphabetically by towns of birth commencing with all those born in the town of Addi- son and ending with all those born in the town of Wood- stock. The date of birth, full name and positions occupied in life by each man appear in the work and an introduction, a synopsis, statistical tables and an index begin and close the effort.

It was extremely difficult in many cases to distinguish the really worthy from those at whose doors fame or power merely knocked, but the completed list has been submitted to some ten of the leading men of Vermont whose judg- ment was unbiased and I am assured the lines have been drawn as sensibly and carefully as could be desired. As regards its completeness no such list could ever be com- plete, but it is as nearly so as long continued and careful search and correspondence could make it. If you desire that this work be made a part of our next published Proceedings I shall be glad to present it to the Society. 62 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Another matter and I am done. We are all aware that the five volumes of Vermont history edited and published under the supervision of Abby Maria Hemenway, must stand forever, as far as a collec- tion of the personal histories of the great number of leading men among our earliest inhabitants is concerned, as the greatest work on the subject. We are equally well aware that the indices to these volumes omit at least one hundred and ninety-nine out of every two hundred of the names appearing in the work and for years a copious and complete index to the entire pro- duction has been a crying need realized by every student of Vermont genealogy or history. The affair has all along seemed too prodigious for any man to undertake until about a year ago the task was com- menced by a member of our Society, Mr. E. Lee Whitney, the Assistant Vermont State Librarian. Mr. Whitney gave us a year ago his index to the Ver- monter which is now a part of our published Proceedings and his index to Hemenway can be ours if we do our just part. The task, as I have said, is tremendous and he and his able assistant, Miss Nancy Puffer, have, I understand, only thus far completed the first of the five volumes. The complete index will make a book equal in size to any one of the volumes and I should judge it would be wise to pub- lish it in five parts, or rather in each one of our next pub- lished Proceedings we should print the index to one volume of Hemenway's Gazetteer. No delver among the records left by our earliest in- habitants or no seeker after the life stories of those men can but admit that the publication of this work would be an everlasting monument both to our Society and its com- pilers. TREASURER'S REPORT 53

Our Proceedings go into every Vermont library, every Historical Society, every State Library, and every large col- lege in the land, nearly all of whom own Hemenway's Gazetteer and every one of whom has long since learned that to hunt for one of the majority of the hundreds of thousands of names in this history without knowing at least the town in which the man resided is absolutely use- less.

I would suggest that a committee of three be appointed to wait upon Mr. Whitney and report their findings and advise us at our next meeting in January. In closing my report I wish to extend my thanks to you, Mr. President, to Mr. Field, our Treasurer, to Mr. Rowland, our Secretary and to all the other officers and members with whom I have come in touch during the year for the hearty and pleasing cooperation extended me in the performance of my duties as your librarian. DORMAN B. E. KENT, Librarian.

Treasurer's Report 1912-1913.

Henry F. Field, Treasurer, In account with Vermont Historical Society. 1912. Dr. Cr. Oct. 15, To balance from last report $ 696 68 1913. Oct. 13, To membership dues election of 1903 . . 2 00 " 1912 .. 278 00 " 1913 in

advance , 2 00 To arrears of annual dues prior to 1910 17 00

To annual dues for 1910 additional . 7 00 1911 19 00 " " 1912 96 00 " 1913 part 95 00 " " 1914-15 advanced 2 00 "

cash of E. L. Bates for books sold , 4 00 interest from Montpelier Savings Bank and Trust Co 16 18 54 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

1912. Dec. 24. By paid H. C. Gleason bill for velvet. . $ 6 96 " Evelyn M. Blodgett, bill cat- aloguing 21 00 By paid Clair Templeton, 70 hours labor 28 00

By paid Dean W. Edson, bill printing. . 5 25 " " " 28, C. V. Ry., freight charges, Champlain group 36 60 1913. Jan. 6, By paid Free Press Association, print- ing Bibliography 29 75 By paid Capitol City Press, printing . . 23 75 " " Fred A. Rowland, Sec'y., pos- tage 5 00 By paid D. B. E. Kent, salary and dis- bursements 52 10 Feb. 12, By paid C. H. Jillson, cartage Cham- plain group 12 00 June 13, By paid W. A. Ellis, indexing Thomp- son's Gazetteer 25 00 By paid Elizabeth S. Sanford, type- writing 40 34 July 17, By paid D. B. E. Kent, Librarian, sal- ary and disbursements 66 77 By paid Capitol City Press, printing . . 11 00 " " Aug. 15, EVelyn N. Blodgett, catalogu- ing 25 80 Oct. 13, By paid H. F. Field, Treasurer, postage and express 5 88

Balance in Treasurer's hands . 839 66

$1,234 80 $1,234 80

THE DEWEY MONUMENT FUND TRUST. 1912. Dr. Cr. Oct. 14, To balance from last report $3,177 75 1913. Oct. 13, To interest from Montpelier Savings Bank & Trust Co 128 36 Balance in Treasurer's hands $3,306 11

$3,306 11 $3,306 11 Rutland, Vt, Oct. 13, 1913. HENBY F. FIELD, Treasurer. TREASURER'S REPORT 55

Treasurer's Report 1913-1914.

Henry F. Field, Treasurer, In account with Vermont Historical Society. 1913. Dr. Cr. Oct. 14, To balance from last previous ac- count $ 839 66 1914. Oct. 20, To sale of books to C. A. Converse 1 00 " " " " T. H. Perkins ... 3 00 " arrears of annual dues collected prior to 1912 23 00 " arrears of annual dues 1912 12 00 " annual dues 1913 additional 185 00 1914 87 00 1915 in advance 1 00 " membership dues 1912 2 00 " 1913 4 00 " 1914 2 00 1914. " Oct. 19, interest from Montpelier Savings Bank & Trust Co 16 96 1913. Oct. 14, By paid D. B. E. Kent, salary and dis- bursements $ 37 67 By paid Mabel E. Reynolds, 31 hours cataloguing v 15 50 " 24, By paid Capitol City Press, letter heads and envelopes 5 50 By paid F. A. Rowland, Sec'y., postage 10 00 .. 30> Free pregs Association, print- ing 3 25 Dec. 4, By paid Free Press Association, letter heads and envelopes 5 25 By paid Free Press Association, re- prints Gazetteer index 32 75 By paid Paul E. Cabaret Co., bronze

frame, Bennington Declaration . . 77 00 1914. Jan. 17, By paid D. B. E. Kent, Librarian, sal- ary and disbursements 50 75 July 13, By paid D. B. E. Kent, Librarian, sal- ary and disbursements 76 81 " 29, By paid Ruby M. Theriault, typewri- ting 20 00 Oct 6, By paid D. B. E. Kent, Librarian, sal- ary and disbursements 64 41 " 19, By paid Henry F. Field, Treasurer, postage and express 5 43 Balance in Treasurer's hands 772 30

$1,176 62 $1,176 62 56 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

THE DEWEY MONUMENT FUND TRUST. 1913 Dr. Or. Oct. To balance on hand at last previous re- port $3,306 11 1914. Oct. 19, To interest from Montpelier Savings Bank & Trust Co 133 56 " 19, By balance in Treasurer's hands $3,439 67

$3,439 67 $3,439 67 Rutland, Vt, Oct. 19, 1914. HENRY F. FIELD, Treasurer.

Redfield Proctor, His Pufette Kile andr>Sefyices -*r^iXr /JrWJ 1 Address before the Vermont Higtorical Society V-o Redfield Proctor, His Public Life and Services

Address before the Vermont Historical Society

BY HON. FRANK C. PARTRIDGE

IN THE HALL OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,

JANUARY 19, 1915.

Redfield Proctor

Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Joint Assembly, Members of the Historical Society, Ladies and Gentlemen:

Now that the poignancy of our first grief for the loss of a great leader has been mellowed by the fleeting years, it

is altogether fitting, while his contemporaries yet live and before the events of his busy life are obscured by the in- creasing shadow of the past, that some more extended his- torical review than has yet appeared should be made of his public life and services. "These men were honored in their a in their generation ; and they were glory day/' It is only seven years since the familiar form of Sen- ator Proctor ceased to pass in and out of our daily life, but in that short time a generation of young people are al- ready coming to the front who knew him not. They too ought to know him, for as another has said, "He taught the doctrine that labor is always rewarded. His life work teaches the American youth that almost any obstacle can be overcome and success achieved by industry." His life touched mine intimately and in many ways through a friendship given me in unstinted measure from my boyhood days. If I were to follow the impulses of my heart I should speak of those inner and deeper things which cling fondly to my memory of him. But it is with him as a public servant that we are concerned tonight, and I shall only speak of his public career, with such short account of his early days and business life as may be necessary to lay the foundation therefor. This I shall do sympathetically but dispassionately, leaving the simple record of his great achievements to speak largely for itself. EARLY LIFE.

Redfield Proctor was a descendant in the sixth genera- tion of Robert Proctor who came to America from Eng- 60 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY land and was in 1643 a freeman in prosperous circum- stances in Concord, Massachusetts. Mr. Proctor's grand- father, Captain Leonard Proctor, was an active revolu- lieutenant in the Battle tionary patriot. He was a second of Lexington and participated in various other engage- ments, including those at Trenton and Monmouth. After the Revolutionary War he removed in the winter of 1783 and '84 to Cavendish, Vermont, where he founded in an unbroken forest the village of Proctorsville and there he three died June 3, 1827. His son Jabez Proctor, but years old when his parents removed to Vermont, lived to become one of its influential and honored citizens. From 1822 to 1827 he was a member of the Governor's Council, from 1830 to 1834 a Judge of Probate, and in 1824 and 1836 a presidential elector, the latter year heading the list of elec- tors for the State. Redfield Proctor, the youngest child of Jabez Proctor, was born in Proctorsville June 1, 1831. When he was eight years old his father died. His mother Betsey Parker was a woman of rare ability and character. She was the aunt of Isaac F. Redfield, eminent writer of law books and one time Chief Judge of the Supreme Court of our State, and of his brother Judge Timothy P. Redfield of the same Court. The debt of great men to their mothers is proverbial, and left as Mr. Proctor was so early in life to her sole care he must have owed much to his mother. His physical strength and endurance he inherited from her and her training and the example of her beautiful and strong life had a great in- fluence upon him. His only brother went to California in the late '40's and died there. Two sisters died young, and his eldest sister, the wife of Stoddard B. Colby, one time Register of the United States Treasury, was lost in the burning of the "Henry Clay" on the Hudson River. REDFIELD PROCTOR 61

Mr. Proctor attended Black River Academy at Lud- low and also Derby Academy at Derby Line, which was near the home of his sister. He graduated at Dartmouth College when twenty years of age in the class of 1851. Of the forty-six members of that class fourteen were from Vermont. Among his classmates were Jonathan Ross, Chief Judge of our Supreme Court and United States Senator, and Charles W. Willard, for six years one of our Represent- atives in Congress. According to his own version, he was not an attentive scholar and was more interested in roam- ing over the hills in pursuit of game or following streams for fish than in his books. He felt, however, that he learned much from his college associations, and I suspect that he obtained more from his conventional studies than he was wont to claim. He certainly always remembered his col- lege course with great pleasure and he became eventually at least thoroughly educated in book learning, for he was a great reader and a reader of the best books, and his mind was stored with information obtained from them. Soon after he graduated, he was moved by the am- bition, which came in those days to young men even more than now, to seek his fortune in the west and went to the frontier state of Minnesota. As he expressed it, he soon lost most of the little patrimony he had inherited and re- turned to Vermont to start at the beginning which he al- ways maintained was the most favorable starting point for a young man. Upon his return to Proctorsville he devoted himself to his mother's affairs and began to participate in business activities. In 1856 he had become one of the di- rectors of the local bank. May 26, 1858, he was married to Emily Dutton, daugh- ter of Honorable Salmon Fletcher Dutton of Cavendish.

In those days the village of Cavendish was called Duttons- ville and took its name from Mrs. Proctor's family. The 62 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY two families and the two adjacent villages in the same town had long been rivals; and this rivalry was always a subject of pleasant bantering between the two. As she happily still survives I refrain from saying more than that her unusual force of character and strong influence were very potent factors in his great career. Of their five children, Fanny G. died in 1883, another daughter Arabella Proctor Holden died in 1905, and their elder son Governor Fletcher Button Proctor died in 1911, less than four years after his father. Only Emily Button Proctor and Redfield Proctor, Junior still survive.

Mr. Proctor eventually decided to study law, and at- tended the law school at Albany, New York, from which he graduated in 1859. He was admitted that year to the bar at Albany, and also at Woodstock, Vermont, and for about a year in 1860 and 1861 he practiced law in Boston in the office of his cousin former Chief Judge Isaac F. Redfield.

MILITARY SERVICE.

At the outbreak of the Civil War Mr. Proctor left his office on a day's notice and hastened back to Vermont to enlist in the Third Regiment of Vermont Volunteers, in which he was appointed Lieutenant and Regimental Quarter- master June 19, 1861. In July, soon after the arrival of the Regiment at the front, Lieutenant Proctor was detailed on the staff of General William F. Smith, familiarly known to Vermont soldiers as General "Baldy" Smith. He al- ways spoke with pleasure of this staff experience and had a sincere regard for General Smith, who was generally recog- nized as a talented soldier. On the 25th of September Governor Fairbanks tendered Lieutenant Proctor the ap- pointment of Major in the Fifth Vermont Regiment. Wri- ting to Governor Fairbanks from Camp Advance on Sep- tember 28, 1861, he said "With a deep sense of the re- REDFIELD PROCTOR 63 sponsibility of the position and of my own unfitness for it, but hoping to be guided and sustained by a higher than earthly power I accept the position." During Major Proctor's service with the Fifth Regi- ment it was under the command of Colonel, afterwards Brigadier General, Lewis A. Grant. Writing afterwards to a friend General Grant said of Major Proctor, "It was my fortune to be in command of the Regiment most of the time he was with us, and I relied much upon his knowledge, judgment and sterling good sense, and I owe much of my success if success you call it to him. He was a true soldier, a good officer, and a noble friend." Before the regiment left the defenses of Washington Major Proctor's health began to fail. In April, 1862, dur- ing the Peninsular Campaign, he was ordered home on sick leave. He was obliged to stop over in Washington to gather strength for the journey and did not reach Ver- mont until May. The army surgeon had written home that Major Proctor was well advanced in consumption and probably could not live a month. Returning to Proctors- ville he at once undertook to restore his health by rest out- of-doors. Too weak to go about unattended, he frequently visited a nearby trout stream where, sitting upon the bank, he quietly indulged his love for sport. He thus anticipated by many years the fresh air treatment which has since be- come the only recognized cure for lung trouble. After Major Proctor had been at home for a couple of months he wrote to Colonel Grant that he thought he was getting better and would be able to return later but he knew that the regiment needed the presence of another field officer, and he asked Colonel Grant to advise him whether he should resign or not. Colonel Grant thereupon con- sulted Dr. Phelps, the surgeon of the regiment, and called together the regimental commanders of the brigade, and 64 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

submitted the question to them. Dr. Phelps stated em- phatically that Major Proctor could not live long and that he should be advised to resign. The regimental officers joined in advising his resignation under the circumstances and Colonel Grant wrote him to that effect. On the llth of July he resigned his commission. By faithful and persistent care during the summer he found his strength returning and with that his ambition to go back to the front. Although he was still coughing and the undertaking was too hazardous for his health, he ac- cepted the colonelcy of the 15th Regiment. He was com- missioned September 26, 1862, and was again mustered into service on October 22, 1862. The 15th Regiment formed a part of the Second Vermont Brigade under the command of General Stannard. At Emmettsburg, the day before the Battle of Gettys- burg, the 15th and 12th Vermont Regiments were detailed to guard the corps train which they accompanied within two miles of Gettysburg. There, under an order from General Sickles whose corps was moving rapidly to the re- lief of General Howard, the 15th went upon the field and soon after dark joined the 13th, 14th and 16th Regiments in a wheat field a little to the left of Cemetery Hill. The next morning the four regiments were placed in support of batteries on Cemetery Hill, but about twelve o'clock General Doubleday commanding the First Corps, learning that the 15th which had been detailed to guard the corps train the day before was in the field and being disquieted by reported attacks on the train by Stuart's Cavalry, ordered the 15th to overtake the train with the least possible delay and to join the 12th in guarding it. Colonel Proctor's regiment participated in the events following the battle until the army of northern Virginia crossed the Potomac about July 14th and a few days later, REDFIELD PROCTOR 65 its term of service having expired, started for home. They reached New York City in the midst of the draft riots, and Colonel Proctor at the request of General Canby, command- ing in New York City, held the regiment there until quiet was restored. It was suggested that a vote of the men be taken as to whether to remain but Colonel Proctor said he

would assume the responsibility. He was mustered out of

service with his regiment on August 5, 1863. Except his appointment in October, 1864, as Commander of Pro- visional Forces hastily raised for the defense of the north- ern frontier of Vermont at the time of the St. Albans raid, this was the end of his military service. In 1863 he was thirty-two years of age, and when we consider his great executive ability, natural leadership and power to command, and the high position to which he later attained, we must conclude that the reason he did not reach a higher rank was largely because of his ill health. He had hardly been in the service a couple of months before his health failed. It is remarkable that he should have gone back to the service at all after he was compelled to leave it in 1862. That he did so was due to his patriotic devotion to the cause and to an inflexible will. His interest in things military continued always to be great, and his strongest fel- lowships were with his comrades in arms. It was Colonel Proctor who in November, 1864, first suggested a reunion of Vermont officers which resulted in the permanent society of that name. The records show that for forty years he almost always attended their annual meetings. At its twenty-first reunion in 1884 in recognition of his part in the organization of the society the toast as- signed to him was "His Child is of Age." In the service, especially when in command of the 15th Regiment, he was untiring in his care of the enlisted men. In their sickness and their homesickness, in camp and on 5 66 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

the march, he was ever striving to assist in their comfort and to lighten their burdens in every possible way. The survivors of his regiment now hold their annual reunions upon June 1st, his birthday. At these reunions much of the talk centers about his personal relations with them, each vying with the other in recalling some word of pleasantry or joke, or more likely in tears recounting some act of

special interest or helpfulness. On June 1, 1904, the sev- enty-third anniversary of his birth, he brought the survivors of his regiment and their wives from the northeastern part of the state, where the regiment was raised, to Proctor and there to the number of two hundred and seventy-three they were his personal guests for two days. It was a remarkable gathering and I never knew an occasion which seemed to give him more genuine pleasure.

THE LAW.

A few months after Colonel Proctor's return from the war he and Colonel Wheelock G. Veazey moved to Rutland and formed a law partnership under the name of Proctor and Veazey, thus carrying out a plan which they had formed while in service together in the Second Vermont Brigade. At about this time several Vermont military leaders were engaged in the practice of law at Rutland and in a letter to General Stannard in March 1864, Colonel Proctor speaks of Colonel Nichols of the 14th Vermont having an office next door on one side and Lieut. Colonel Joyce of the 2nd Vermont on the other side. Later Colonel Proctor, when Governor, had the pleasure of appointing his old comrade and former partner a Judge of the Supreme Court. The practice of law was not destined to be Colonel Proctor's life work nor the real foundation of his great career. He only continued in practice for a few years. The confinement of a law office was ill suited to his health, REDFIELD PROCTOR 67

impaired as we have seen by his military service, and I suspect also ill suited to his temperament. He was not one who would ever have been likely to enjoy the dull routine of searching for authorities. He once remarked that there were two ways of practicing law; one was to search the authorities and evolve out of them principles to apply to the case in hand, and the other was to reason out the prin-

ciple applicable and then look for authorities to sustain it, and he added that the latter was the only way he could do. Though he left the law so soon he always retained a deep interest in legal matters and a great respect for legal learn-

ing. He regarded the law as an excellent preparation for larger affairs either in business or statesmanship and the great lawyers of the Senate were among those of his col- leagues for whose ability he had the most admiration. As he gradually withdrew from the practice of law he interested himself more and more in farming and business. He bought a farm about a mile north of Rutland upon which he built a substantial house and there he moved his

family. He was an ardent lover of nature, and hence his natural love for farming and in business his love for en- gineering. It was this love of nature which all his life

made his greatest recreation hunting and fishing. He was born with the sportsman's instinct, and the condition of his health particularly at this period required him to seek out- of-door life. He was a true sportsman, and never caught fish nor shot game beyond what could be used for food. Though in the depths of the northern woods many days travel from the last house, he would never fish nor hunt on the Sabbath. In the woods he was a perfect comrade, thoughtful of the rights and comfort of others. Many a time I have come to the division of an old road and found

an arrow plainly marked on the ground with his foot to tell me that he had passed by and in which direction he had 68 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

gone. Although these frequent trips were for recreation, and I believe were the necessary means by which he main- tained his strength and health, they were also times, far re- moved from the press of affairs, when he was wont to think of larger and broader things. Many a plan which he after- wards carried to success had its inception while in the woods. It is a law of nature, wonderfully illustrated in the lessons of Scripture, that the depths of the wilderness peculiarly lend themselves to deep thinking of great things.

BUSINESS.

In 1869 occurred an incident which was a turning point in Colonel Proctor's life. In November of that year he was appointed receiver of Dorr & Myers, a partnership operating a small marble mill at Sutherland Falls, Vermont. It proved to be the beginning of his larger business career and of that I must give some account as it became as much a part of his public life as the great offices which he rilled. The marble business at Sutherland Falls had not pros- pered. Dorr & Myers had no quarry but bought their marble blocks from the Sutherland Falls Marble Company, a Massachusetts corporation. Although but slightly de- veloped, Sutherland Falls was one of the large water pow- ers of the state : it was situated on the railroad ; and sand

for sawing marble was easily accessible. Colonel Proctor had a vision. If these properties could be united under one ownership and be economically administered and vig- orously pushed, they would make a successful business. In November, 1870, he organized the Sutherland Falls Marble Company, a Vermont corporation, which took over these and in this he properties ; new company invested what capital he had and what he could borrow, and became its treasurer and resident manager. REDFIELD PROCTOR 69

This early he had the power, which he later so abun- dantly possessed, to inspire the confidence of business men. Mr. John P. Spaulding, a prominent sugar refiner and banker of Boston, and one of the stockholders of the old Sutherland Falls Marble Company, once told me of his first meeting with Colonel Proctor. "One day a stranger appeared at my office," said Mr. Spaulding, "and said his name was that he to the different Proctor ; wanted put together prop- erties at Sutherland Falls and was forming a new company to for this he was to acquire them ; purpose trying purchase the stock of the he Massachusetts corporation ; had bought considerable of it at a price named and would like to buy mine." Mr. Spaulding asked him a good many questions and then told him bluntly that he did not want to sell, but he added quickly "I like your spirit and your plan and I would like to stay in with you. You can have my proxy to vote as you wish and if you need any more money I will put in my share." Mr. Spaulding always retained his first judgment of Colonel Proctor and was ever his staunch business friend. Under Colonel Proctor's management the Sutherland Falls Marble Company grew and flourished. Into the busi- ness he threw all of his strength and thought. He familiar- ized himself with every department of the work and this he did the more easily because he was naturally a very prac- tical man. In 1880 at the end of ten years it was free of debt and occupied a strong position in the marble trade. In the spring of that year in the office of a common friend in New York Colonel Proctor, who at that time was Governor of the State, accidently met Mr. Riggs, a New York banker, then the president of the Rutland Marble Company. The Rutland Marble Company, a New York corporation whose stock was almost wholly held in New York City, owned large quarries at West Rutland and large 70 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY mills there and at Center Rutland. Mr. Riggs had never met Governor Proctor before but he said he had thought for some time of seeking an interview. He explained that his company's business was not satisfactory and that it had al- ready accumulated a large debt while he observed that the business at Sutherland Falls in the meantime had prospered. He asked Governor Proctor to become the manager of the Rutland Marble Company and stipulated that he need not withdraw in any way from his own business at Sutherland Falls. In order that he might have the largest measure of authority Governor Proctor was elected President of the Rutland Marble Company at a hastily called meeting of its directors and returned to Vermont that night with full au- thority to assume its management. No sooner did he find himself thus suddenly associated with the business at West and Center Rutland than he saw the larger possibilities which could come from consolida- ting the two companies. Although they were in a sense competitors, their products in fact were different and could be handled together to the advantage of both. So in Sep- tember, 1880, he formed the Vermont Marble Company and became its president. In March, 1889, when he entered the cabinet of President Harrison, he resigned the presidency of the Company nor was he ever after a member of its Board of Directors. His son Governor Fletcher D. Proc- tor, who had been general superintendent, succeeded his father at the head of the business and became distinctively its general manager. With real administrative genius and rare mastery of details the son further developed, enlarged and systemized the business, but it was founded by the restless ambition, iron will and far-seeing vision of Senator Proctor and it grew along the lines which he laid down. The following incident I repeat because it so well il- lustrates his sympathetic interest in the work of "his boys" REDFIELD PROCTOR 71 as he always called them, the completeness with which he withdrew himself from the details of business after he went to Washington and his abounding love of nature. In July, 1894, the principal shop and several of the large mills at Proctor were destroyed by fire. Upon being notified of the loss by wire, he at once left Washington and arrived at Proctor on the early morning sleeper. Immediately af- ter breakfast he visited the ruins, inquired about the details of the fire and was particularly interested in the heroic ef- forts made to prevent its spread. He asked his son what was going to be done and was assured that temporary ar- rangements to work elsewhere had been perfected and plans already begun for rebuilding. About nine o'clock that morn- ing I found him standing on the front steps of the office looking away at the hills. He said he came simply to cheer up "the boys." As he found that they were not disheartened and had made all plans to meet the situation he said he did not see that there was anything more he could do. Then with hesitation as if not sure what answer I would make he inquired, "Do you think it would look out of place and not show proper feeling, if I should go fishing?" Before noon he was utilizing the opportunity to follow a stream before returning to Washington. He built up a loyal organization because he had an un- usual discernment of the capacities of others and the ability to attach them to himself. He had the largest faith in young men of any one I ever knew. This was due primarily to his interest in their growth and success, but it was also the result of his shrewd judgment. He said that he preferred the help of a young man whose future was all before him. I cannot remember to have ever heard him question the availability of any person for any place in business or pub- lic life because of his youth. In his business he was wont to entrust the largest affairs to very young men. Once a 72 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY valued friend undertook to caution him that he was going too far in that respect, but it did not change his course. The secret of Senator Proctor's business success is no secret at all. Any business with reasonable natural oppor- tunities administered with his business ability and upon his prudent business principles is bound to succeed. He con- centrated all his efforts in one particular line, refusing all allurements to other business fields. In the marble business itself he made investments which might have seemed reck- less to those with less abounding faith but he made no other business investments. At the time of his decease, with ex- ceptions too trivial to mention, his entire estate consisted of his marble interests and investments in real estate, for which he always had a liking.

It was by the application of these simple principles, concentration, energy, singleness of purpose, organization, economy, spending in the business all that it could earn, that under his master hand from so small beginnings grew so large results. I believe he thought of it as his greatest work. Though his political career was more conspicuous, I think that his contribution to the development of one of the State's largest industries was after all his greatest monu- ment. "He who makes two blades of grass to grow where only one had grown before is justly accounted the friend and provider of the human family. How much, then, must be esteemed he who smites the barren rocks and pours forth from them the stream of prosperity." On April 15, 1871, the next year after he organized the Sutherland Falls Marble Company, he moved his family from Rutland to Sutherland Falls into a house upon the edge of the marble yard, and there within sound of the mills he ever afterwards kept his home. This happy circum- stance contributed largely to his business success and even more to the moral tone and civic pride of the village which REDFIELD PROCTOR 73 afterwards came to bear his name. Much of the good feeling which has existed through so many years between employers and employees in that village is largely due to the community of interest which he thus established and which he and his family and those who have been associated with them have always maintained. I was once moved to say, and still feel, that "Many of the misunderstandings which arise between large corporations and their employees are due to the fact that such corporations are more often owned and in a larger sense managed by absentees. If the local man- agers are not the controlling owners, but are held account- able for certain financial results by a board of directors sit- ting in some distant city, neighborly considerations do not have a fair chance. One of the unavoidable, but none the less unfortunate, incidents of great corporate enterprises is that they so often prevent employers and employees from living in personal touch with each other as neighbors in the same community."

When Senator Proctor moved to Sutherland Falls it was simply a settlement of perhaps three hundred people with only one small district school. There was no church but from the beginning he was interested in the maintenance of religious worship. At first, services were held during the summer only in the schoolhouse Sunday afternoons, conducted by ministers from neighboring villages. He re- turned from a business trip one Saturday night in the fall to find that they had been discontinued for the winter. Sun- day morning he started his children out to notify the com- munity that there would be services in the afternoon as usual and sent to Pitts ford for a minister to conduct them. There- after religious services were held regularly throughout the year. The town line between the towns of Rutland and Pitts- ford originally passed through the middle of the village in 74 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY fact through the mills. Nothing could have more per- fectly dwarfed the public aspirations of a community. In

1886 at the end of a hard fight, he succeeded in procuring the incorporation of the village as the new town of Proc- tor. Happily the justice and advantage of that has long since been recognized by all no one would undo it if he could. From this far-sighted action dates the civic growth and public enterprise of the village. In its Union Church is a beautiful memorial window, showing the outlines of Killington and Pico in the background. It bears but two short legends, "In memory of Redfield Proctor, founder of this village and its industry." "The strength of the hills is His also."

GOVERNOR.

Colonel Proctor began his political life soon after he removed to Rutland. In 1866 he was one of the Selectmen.

In 1867 and again in 1868 he represented Rutland in the House of Representatives. At the former session he was Chairman of the Committee on Elections and at the latter

Chairman of the Joint Committee on Joint Rules on the part of the House, and a member of the Committee on Ways and Means. Senator Proctor was never friendly to the idea of reciprocity with Canada and it is interesting to note that at the session of 1868 he introduced a resolution, which, however, was not adopted, protesting against any prefer- ential tariff for the British Provinces. In 1874 he was a member of the State Senate from Rutland County and was made President pro tempore. In 1876 he was elected Lieu- tenant Governor and was the presiding officer of the Sen- ate at that session. Some years later, in 1888, he was again a member of the House, being the first Representative from the new town of Proctor, and at that session he served as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. REDFIELD PROCTOR . 75

In 1878 Colonel Proctor was nominated by the Repub- lican State Convention as candidate for Governor. Al- though there were other aspirants, in the end his nomina- tion was made without ballot. He was elected by a vote of 37,312 to 17,247 for the Democratic nominee, and 3,397 for others. In his inaugural message October 3rd, 1878, he strongly urged retrenchment in State expenses. "It is a plain duty," said he, "so far as consistent with necessary requirements of the State, to relieve the people of state taxation and enable them to pay off their town debts." And also, "The present state of affairs is the necessary result of the war and its attendant inflation and extravagance. The doctrine that a return to the causes of our present ills will cure them needs no refutation. There is no other remedy but retrenchment and rigid economy in national, state, municipal and individual expenses." In fact the expenses of the State were reduced in almost every direction and es- pecially in the last year of his administration. In discussing the ever recurring subject of court expense, which he found had more than doubled in the period from 1860 to 1878, he said that he was assured that "often the entire sum of the verdicts of a term of court falls far short of the expenses of the term to the State." In his retiring message Octo- ber 6th, 1880, he discussed the same subject more at length and suggested some practical remedies. He favored a more stringent divorce law, believing as he said that "The family relation is an institution upon which rests the moral and political well being of a people, and should be stable and permanent in character." Such legis- lation was enacted upon his recommendation that in his re- tiring message he was able to report that during the first year under the new law the number of divorces was less than two-thirds of that of the preceding year, and less than any year since 1865. 76 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Upon Governor Proctor's recommendation the first comprehensive law was enacted relating to investments by savings banks, and as amended in 1884 continued substant- ially our Savings Bank law until the great growth of these institutions and change in financial conditions led to a gen- eral revision in 1910.

It is interesting to note that Governor Proctor antici- pated by more than thirty years several of the fundamental changes which have recently been made in our constitution. In both his messages he took strong ground against special legislation and called attention to the desirability of a con- stitutional amendment against special corporation legislation. He was opposed to the commutation of death sentences by the Legislature and said, "I am very decided in my views that the Legislature should have nothing to do with it." Both these matters were covered by constitutional amend- ments adopted in 1913. He also commended a constitu- tional provision to prevent the Legislature from electing its own members to office. An amendment to that effect was adopted by the Legislature in 1910 and by the House in 1912 but failed of approval in the Senate at that session. There is a growing tendency to take from the states and attach to the national government many activities which it did not originally exercise, and in the same way to enlarge the power of states at the expense of towns or other local municipalities. It usually seems justified at the time by better adminstrative results, but it is a tendency towards centralized power, and some believe is fraught with peril. Of that tendency as between towns and the State, Governor

Proctor in his last message to the Legislature said, "The whole theory of our State government is based upon a township system, and we either ought to adhere to that where possible or change it entirely and make a State REDFIELD PROCTOR 77

system. It is a great mistake on the part of the Legislature to throw any work or expense upon the State which can properly be borne by the towns. It is the fundamental prin- ciple of our State government that the State should assume the least possible control or burden of municipal affairs. It is the great New England idea and ought never to be lost sight of in legislation." I quote the following advice from his inaugural mes- sage which was profitable then, is profitable now, and un- doubtedly always will be: "Let no man, then, seek to build up class distinctions which have no real foundation, or to excite a fancied con- flict of interests. I say fancied, for no real one exists or can exist among us. It is a time above all others to learn the lesson of our mutual dependence. We cannot legislate universal prosperity, though unwise laws may greatly retard its coming. Honest labor and that 'firm adherence to justice, moderation, temperance, industry and frugality' which our State Constitution enjoins are the best remedies for the evils of the hour."

His views of public policy as expressed in his mes- sages and otherwise during his term of office were of a progressive but not radical type. Many of them were in- corporated into legislation. Others, as we have seen, have since been incorporated into the Constitution itself. But Governor Proctor's administration was perhaps most no- table as a thorough businesslike administration. He brought to bear on the State's business a mind practised in large business affairs. He had been a member of the commis- sion for the erection of the House of Correction at Rutland, authorized under the previous administration, and its earlier organization came under him as Governor. The administra- tion of the State's Prison he radically changed and in order to bring to it a man of experience in up-to-date methods he 78 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY did not hesitate to go outside the State for a superintendent, though for most places, even though national or interna- tional, he usually thought some Vermonter better fitted than anyone else. The administration of Governor Proctor was regarded at the time as particularly strong.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

At the Republican National Convention in Chicago in June 1888 Governor Proctor was the chairman of the Ver- mont delegation. With wise discrimination and great politi- cal acumen the delegation gave its unanimous support from the beginning to General Harrison. Vermont was the only state to cast her entire vote for him on every ballot. Cast in the stentorian voice of Governor Proctor, it became a feature of the convention and assisted out of proportion to its size to make General Harrison the nominee. This action of the delegation was not, as most successful things are not, mere luck, but was rather the result of a keen dis- cernment of the political situation, of the great availability of General Harrison as a compromise candidate, of and above all his unusual qualities for the presidency. Although General Harrison lacked that temperament which makes a popular president, I believe it will be the judgment of his- tory that he was in mental attainments and character one of the mjost thoroughly equipped men who has ever occupied the White House. Governor Proctor had been a successful governor, was a prominent business man and already had considerable reputation beyond the State. The conspicuous part which he took in the nomination of General Harrison suggested to many the possibility of his appointment in the cabinet, and at its October session our Legislature adopted a joint resolution urging such an appointment. On March 5, 1889, President Harrison appointed him Secretary of War, though REDFIELD PROCTOR 79 in order to do so he violated a somewhat established prece- dent by taking two members of his cabinet, Mr. Elaine and Mr. Proctor, from New England. Secretary Proctor was fond of things military and the War Department was the particular department which he preferred. He had a quick perception of technical military questions and, though his usual business methods were more direct, he never seemed to be restive under the restraints of the Department's mili- tary traditions and military forms. In his first annual report in November 1889 he made a number of important recommendations for the improvement of the military service. Under our system of government a cabinet officer has no direct part in legislation. He can make recommendations, but that of itself alone amounts to little. He must be able by public appearance before the committees of Congress and by private conference with senators and representatives to so support his views as to convince the leaders in Congress of their wisdom. The

New York Tribune, September 1, 1891, said editorially "Secretary Proctor has succeeded where a long line of his predecessors had conspicuously failed. This was chiefly due to the relation he established between himself and Congress. It was cordially and sincerely pleasant. He won the con- fidence and respect of the Nation's legislators and they listened to his plans for the betterment of the service as they do not always listen to Cabinet suggestions, however excellent The result was the passage of many reform measures without any conflict or flourish of trum- pets. Secretary Proctor succeeded in impressing his views into laws and a remarkable improvement in the military establishment has followed."

The welfare of the enlisted men particularly appealed to him, as anyone who knew Secretary Proctor intimately would know. He called attention to the unfortunate prev- 80 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY alence of desertions from the army and said that "the pith of the whole question is to make the service worth seeking and then enough good men will seek it and be glad to stay in it." "In so far as the question is an administra- tive one," said he, "the Department must continue to meet it experimentally, correcting abuses where found to exist, and instituting innovations if necessary . . . To a con- siderable extent, however, the remedies lie with Congress."

He then submitted four specific recommendations and com- mended three other proposals favored by many officers. All of them he said "are aimed at removing the causes of desertion, which is the true principle for any legislation." These suggestions resulted in the act of June 16, 1890, to prevent desertions, the results of which and of his adminis- trative efforts were most marked. From 1820 until the beginning of the Civil War the average annual rate of deser- tion was 14.8 per cent, of the enlisted strength, and after the War it remained nearly the same. In 24^ years from

January 1, 1867, to June 30, 1891, there were 88,475 deser- tions from the regular army, with its demoralizing effect upon the army itself, and its great expense to the Govern- ment for the pay, clothing, subsistence, and transportation of recruits to replace these men. In the year ending June 30, 1889, the rate was 11.6 per cent. For the year ending June 30, 1890, it was reduced to 9 per cent., June 30, 1891, to 6.1 per cent, and when Secretary Proctor left the De- partment the rate was still reducing each month. He also effected a great reform in the system of Courts Martial for enlisted men. Thirty-two of the thirty-four articles of war under which enlisted mien could be tried left the punishments to the discretion of the Court. The only check upon their great variance and disparity was the par- doning power of the President. Upon Secretary Proctor's recommendation Congress passed an act approved Septem- REDFIELD PROCTOR 81

ber 27, 1890, under which the President was authorized to prescribe and define the limits which punishments in times of peace should not exceed, and under that act an order was issued prescribing uniform punishments, properly graded, in accordance with their gravity. Upon his recommendation

also the act of October 1, 1890, instituted summary courts for the trial and punishment of petty offenses, if the accused desired, thus further reducing the slow and tedious pro- cesses of Courts Martial. By an order dated March 18, 1890, he provided that an enlisted man on request should be entitled to have a suitable officer detailed as counsel to de-

fend him. The result of these measures was a larger de- gree of justice for the common soldier. Although general officers and former secretaries had repeatedly recommended the enactment of a law for ex- amination of officers for promotion, that was not effected

until October 1, 1890, during his administration. Formerly Secretaries were almost wholly dependent upon the personal acquaintance of the few officers in the Department and at headquarters for information regarding the record and ability of other officers. That such informa- tion might be gathered from wider sources and conve- niently preserved and with a view of placing details and pro- motion upon the basis of merit he instituted what are now known as the "Efficiency Records." He provided that spe- cial studies pursued, special work done, the reports of super- ior officers and all other material bearing upon the record and professional proficiency of each officer should be pre- served currently to furnish a record by which officers might be impartially judged and wisely employed. Our present system of coast defense was begun under Secretary Proctor. "It was of no little consequence at this critical, formative period," says one of the permanent of- ficials of the War Department, "when the Nation was with-

6 82 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY out a single modern defense or a single modern gun, that Redfield Proctor of Vermont was Secretary of War to give force and effect and impetus to the plans of the military ex- his perts by his wisdom, his executive ability, knowledge of men and his great business sagacity." Secretary Proc- tor had little fear of invasion and considered that we were free from the necessity of maintaining large standing armies or of fortifying against land attack, but he main- tained that our long coast line is peculiarly exposed to an attack from the sea. He was very insistent that a modern system of defensive harbor fortifications should be begun, and in his first report prophetically said that "Celerity promises to be an essential element in any warfare of the future" and that "The defenses and the armament neces- sary for withstanding the attacks of modern guns cannot be extemporized." Secretary Proctor convinced Congress of the need, and reasonable appropriations were made for be- ginning the manufacture of large ordinance and for the placing of defenses of a modern and satisfactory kind at some more important harbors. In his last report he was able to say that "The problem of adequate coast defense has practically been settled." To secure the adoption of a right policy was all that anyone could do for the sad ex- perience of war is that means of defense which are adequate today may not be tomorrow. Secretary Proctor's position was that we should always have coast defenses which are at the time the best of their kind.

The War Department besides its conduct of military affairs is in fact also a great civil department. The ad- ministration of the Philippines and other insular posses- sions and the building of the Panama Canal have greatly increased in recent years the civil business of this Depart- ment, but even in Secretary Proctor's time it was one of the largest civil departments in the Government service. Be- REDFIELD PROCTOR 83 sides the control of the army it had the disbursement of the large appropriations for river and harbor improvements and employed a large number of clerks in connection with our pension system. To the administration of the civil business of the Department Secretary Proctor brought special talent and experience. One of his notable achievements was the work of the Record and Pension Division of the War Department which he instituted in July, 1889, only a few months after he took office. The searching of military records for information for the Pension Bureau in connection with pension applica- tions was done in an unmethodical manner, and the military rolls themselves were fast being destroyed by constant use. The slowness of this work was one of the elements con- tributing to the notorious delay in the settlement of pension cases. Congress had already authorized the transfer from the Treasury to the War Department of the payrolls of the volunteer forces, and other data regarding the Civil War. All the material already in the Department and all received from other departments Secretary Proctor consolidated into this new division, and he placed in charge of it a young Ver- monter, born in Woodstock, Captain and Assistant Surgeon Fred C. Ainsworth. Credit for the remarkable results achieved are primarily due to him, now Major-General Ainsworth, upon whose initiative and under whose ad- ministration the work was done, but it was Secretary Proc- tor who assumed the responsibility of making so radical a change and of entrusting so great a work to a junior of- ficer. A less courageous man, a less good judge of the capacity of others, would not have dared to undertake so great an innovation. When the division was created there were 40,654 un- answered cases on hand, all of which together with current business were disposed of before June 30, 1890. During 84 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY the next fiscal year the division received 459,497 cases, 52 per cent, more than the previous year, and the records of the office show that 98 per cent, were disposed of and answered within twenty-four hours of their receipt, and there were no cases left undisposed of at the end of the year. Besides doing this current work the same clerical force was also engaged in transcribing the records by the card index system, to obviate the necessity of wearing the rolls and to make the records easily accessible. In 1891 Secretary Proctor reported that at the rate of progress the card indexing was being done the Department would be able in the next year and a half to complete the card in- dexing and then could dispense with about six hundred of its clerks, who could be transferred to other departments at a saving to the government of at least a million dollars annually. Nearly seventeen years after Secretary Proctor left the War Department, in a general order directing that the flags at all military posts be displayed at half mast on the day of his funeral, Secretary of War William H. Taft said, "As Secretary of War he gave effect to changes of system and consolidation of work resulting in improvement and great and continuing economy of administration." The science of handling men is too subtle to bear analysis and as it varies with each peculiar situation it defies definition. The following incident which 1 once ob- served in the War Department is illustrative only of Secre- tary Proctor's shrewdness in this respect. He undertook to abolish as rapidly as possible the system of post traders in the army and contemplated the removal of a post trader at a military post in South Dakota. Senator Moody from that state was anxious to have it done but Senator

Sawyer of Wisconsin from which state the post trader originally went was strong in his opposition. Finally one REDFIELD PROCTOR 86 day, having received word that one of these senators was coming to see him, he managed to get word to the other and asked him to come also. They arrived about the same time, but without either expecting to meet the other. Sec- retary Proctor excused himself while he went on with the signing of important papers, which an assistant was plac- ing before him, and so gave the two senators an opportunity to engage in conversation, which they proceeded to do and naturally about the post tradership. Senator Moody soon argued down Senator Sawyer on this particular difference and then when the Secretary inquired at the right time what he could do for them they both replied "Nothing" and went away smiling at the outcome but entirely satis- fied.

During Secretary Proctor's service in the War Depart- ment an incident relating to the South occurred which at- tracted very general attention. It is the custom to put the flag over the War Department at half mast for thirty days upon the death of a former Secretary of War. When Jefferson Davis, who was Secretary of War in the admin- istration of Franklin Pierce, died, the mayor of New Or- leans officially notified Secretary Proctor of Mr. Davis' death for the evident purpose of compelling some kind of public action by the Department. Secretary Proctor handled the situation with due appreciation of the fitness of things and with proper respect for the southern people. He did not order the flag placed at half mast, but he re- plied to the telegram as follows : "War Department, Washington, D. C.

December 7, 1889. "To the Honorable James A. Shakespeare, Mayor of New Orleans, La. "Your telegram informing me of the death of Mr. Davis is received. In refraining from any official action 86 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY thereon I would not, and I hope I do not, add to the great sorrow of his family and many friends. It seems to me I the right course and the best one for all. You will, am sure, understand that its adoption is prompted by a sincere wish and purpose to act in that spirit of peace and good will which should fill the hearts of all our people. REDFIELD PROCTOR, Secretary of War." Although he was bitterly attacked by some minor southern papers, his reply met with hearty approval from the leading papers of the South and the entire press of the North. Secretary Proctor was no less successful in the general counsels of the administration than in the peculiar work of his own Department. He very early became a trusted counselor of the President and was generally recognized as one of the strong men of his administration. The President's relations with him were marked by great intimacy and con- fidence. "If there is a cabinet minister," said a writer in

April, 1891, "whose advice Harrison would take and follow as to matters of importance outside his own department, Proctor is the man;" and again in July of that year the same writer said, "He has come more and more to confide in and advise with his Secretary of War about all kinds of perplexing questions which formal cabinet meetings can- not settle." When Secretary Windom suddenly died in 1891, the President offered Secretary Proctor the secretary- ship of the Treasury, but he declined the transfer. The offer was a remarkable tribute for political considerations militated against such an appointment, and besides it would have made the two ranking cabinet officers both from New England. After three strenuous and eventful years of service in the War Department Secretary Proctor resigned on Decem- ber 5, 1891, to enter the Senate. He left the Department to REDFIELD PROCTOR 87

the regret of the President, the army and the country gen- erally, but that regret was tempered by the knowledge that his public services were not to be lost but simply transferred to other and possibly wider fields of usefulness.

SENATE.

In the spring of 1891 Senator George F. Edmunds tendered his resignation as a member of the United States Senate, to take effect on November first of that year, which completed twenty-five years of honorable and most dis- tinguished service as a Senator from Vermont. Senator Carroll S. Page was then Governor, and with the general approbation of the whole State he offered the appointment to Secretary Proctor who accepted and took his seat as

Senator December 7, 1891. At the session of the Legis- lature in October, 1892, he was elected for the balance of

the term to expire March 4, 1893, and for the full term to expire March 4, 1899. He was reelected by the Legislature in 1898 and in 1904 and served in the Senate until his death.

He was at once assigned to seven different committees, the most important one being the Committee on Military Af- fairs for which his service in the War Department pe- culiarly fitted him. Except for a period of three years from 1893 to 1896, he continued upon this Committee un- til the winter of 1905 and 1906. For about three years be- cause of the prolonged sickness of its Chairman General Hawley, Senator from Connecticut, Senator Proctor as the next ranking member was acting chairman. Upon Senator Hawley's decease in 1905 Senator Proctor become entitled to the chairmanship but preferred to retain his chairmanship of the Committee on Agriculture. For many years he was the strong right arm in Congress of successive Secretaries of War in all matters relating to the military establishment. 88 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

In the legislation for the reorganization of the army after the Spanish War he was especially prominent. On the 21st of February, 1899, when the Army reorganization bill was pending, he offered five amendments to establish the detail system and looking to an early institution of a general staff and supported them in a strong speech. In this connection the House Committee on Military Affairs invited him to appear before it and present his views. Both changes were eventually accomplished and are regarded as the two great- est reforms in the army. A high officer of the Adjutant General's department said at the time of Senator Proctor's decease that "The army has lost its best and strongest friend no has been ; important army legislation accomplished in years without his aid." He was always much interested in all problems con- nected with our insular possessions. From 1901 until 1906 he was a member of the Committee on the Philippines. The island of Puerto Rico he personally visited and crossed the island from San Juan to Ponce. He was strongly in favor of giving the products of that island free access to our markets, and in a speech in the Senate on March 30, 1900, he opposed the imposition of a tariff between the United States and Puerto Rico. A brief excerpt therefrom will perhaps best illustrate his general attitude towards our insular possessions: "If we are not bound by the letter of the Constitution, we are bound by justice and humanity to deal with these questions in the spirit of American institutions and Amer- ican civilization. Our mission must be to prepare these people, who have come by the fortunes of war under our control, for self-government according to American ideas, and during this process we must treat them with absolute justice and good faith. The fundamental principle of our Government is that it must be for the benefit of the gov- REDFIELD PROCTOR 89

or erned. . . . There is no way to successfully govern deal with people who are in our power, or are inferior to us in advantages and opportunity, except to be strictly just and to keep perfect good faith with them." Among other important committees on which he served were the Committee on the District of Columbia eight years ; Immigration five years; Coast Defenses four years; and Post Offices six years; and at the time of his decease he was a member of the Committee on Appropriations. His most important committee work, however, was upon the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. He was appointed a member of that Committee in 1893, became its chairman in 1896 and remained its chairman until his death, a period of more than eleven years. It was during this time that the Department of Agriculture grew from a de- partment of secondary importance to be one of the largest and most far reaching in its usefulness in the government service. Until 1889 the national supervision of agricul- ture was in the charge simply of a bureau with a commis- sioner at its head. In that year it was made a coordinate department of the government and the Secretary of Agricul- ture became a member of the cabinet. The growth and de- velopment of the Department of Agriculture since then is remarkable and particularly under the administration of that veteran cabinet officer, Secretary James Wilson, who served as Secretary of Agriculture for sixteen years from 1897 until 1913. For eleven of those years Senator Proc- tor was the strong champion of its larger development and of liberal appropriations for its work. Secretary Wilson once told me in substance that he owed more to the co- operation of Senator Proctor in Congress for the upbuild- ing of the Department than to any other man. Senator Proctor was himself a good farmer and he had a thor- ough appreciation of the fact that upon the farming in- 90 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

dustry rests the strength and prosperity of our country. He approached the question of agriculture as a national a problem in that spirit with a large vision of the future, thorough understanding of the needs of a great organiza- tion and with a peculiar interest because it so intimately touched the welfare of the great mass of the people. Senator Proctor was not what would be called one of the orators of the Senate, but he had a simple straightfor- ward way of presenting his views which after all is the truest oratory. He made a good many extended speeches in the with care but he was more Senate which he prepared great ; accustomed to speak briefly. He was particularly happy in the handling of bills reported from his committee, which is usually done not so much by formal speeches as by short and he ef- explanations and answering questions ; was very fective on a conference committee between the two Houses.

A member of the House of Representatives once said of him, "I have often heard it remarked by conferees of the House who had been in conference with him over some dis- agreeing vote of the two bodies that they generally found themselves agreeing with him by reason of the clear, con- cise and convincing argument he was always prepared to present in behalf of the Senate's contention." His col- league Senator Dillingham says, "While he never posed as a public speaker, he was in fact strong and effective when he engaged the attention of the Senate. His addresses in- dicated patient research, deep thought and strong convic- tions, and his grave and earnest spirit gave emphasis to his utterances. In debate he was clear, strong and insistent but tactful and winning. Those who differed from him recognized in him not only an antagonist of strong purpose but one of strong resources as well." His most notable speech in the Senate was delivered March 17, 1898, and was his recital of the conditions which REDFIELD PROCTOR 91 he found upon a personal visit to Cuba. "It is not peace," said he, "nor is it war." The speech was one of the most influential and far reaching in its results ever delivered in the Senate. Senator Proctor upon his own initiative, prompted by his habit of seeking to know things at first hand, went to Cuba and investigated for himself the con- ditions in that island in the last days of Spanish rule. Upon his return to Washington, at the request of some of his colleagues, without prearrangement or stage setting, in the course of the current business of the Senate, he told

what he saw. He did it in a style as simple as the classics and with a manner wholly unpretending, but surely no ar- tist in words nor the most eloquent orator could have added to its potency. Senator Frye a few minutes after its de- livery said, "It is just as if Proctor had held up his hand and sworn to it." He was too modest to foresee the remarkable

but it is the be- effect which his statement produced ; general lief that it precipitated the Spanish War. "Impartial his- tory has recorded the fact," says Senator Clay, "that Sen- ator Proctor did more than any other public man to arouse public sentiment against Spanish rule in Cuba and in favor of Cuban independence and self government." "Senator Proctor told the story of Cuban suffering," said Senator Cullom, "fully but with a gentleness of expression that un- der the circumstances was wonderful and in almost any

other man than the judicial minded Senator from Ver- mont would have been impossible." Former President Harrison said that it "aroused the nation, and yet there was not a lurid adjective in it." In beginning a large religious meeting at Madison Square Garden in New York City the second day after Senator Proctor's speech, the great re- vivalist Dwight L. Moody, instead of opening his Bible, read Senator Proctor's speech from beginning to the end. After the reading was concluded, Mr. Moody paused a 92 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY moment to let the words sink into the minds of his hearers and then he said "I want every man and every woman here to read that speech." Senator Proctor's Cuban speech was one of those rare utterances which have really shaped great public policies. Its effect was exceptional but its character was not. Its observations were wise because he was always a wise ob- server. Its style was simple and direct because such was al- ways his manner. Its candor and truthfulness commanded the confidence of the entire country because the country had long before learned that its author was a man to be trusted. Senator Proctor's abundant humor and quaint wit were very distinctive, and he often enlivened a subject with them. His speech against the reduction of the tariff on wool, which he began with the statement that "the first recorded attempt to break down the interests of sheep husbandry was when Cain slew his brother Abel, who was a keeper of sheep" was probably quite as effective as a wholly serious argument would have been. One of the delights of Sen- ator Proctor's wit was its spontaneity. Senator Hoar once said jokingly in course of a debate in the Senate that he had heard that a Vermonter was not permitted to vote until he had made a certain number of dollars out of a Massachu- setts man in a horse trade, and Senator Proctor instantly interjected in his deep voice "And we all vote." His wit was never of the cutting kind. When some one having in mind the aggressive temperament of that really lovable man, Senator William E. Chandler of New Hampshire, once asked Senator Proctor if he liked Chandler he replied at once, "Yes, of course, but it is an acquired taste." No one enjoyed the remark more than Senator Chandler himself who repeated it to me with great glee. Illustrations are at best imperfect for the choicest bits of humor taken out REDFIELD PROCTOR 93 of their setting and apart from the circumstances lose too much in repetition.

Politically Senator Proctor was always an active Re- publican and he was as naturally a political leader as he was a leader in every other line of activity in which he en- gaged. In 1884 and 1888 he was a delegate to the National Republican Conventions and the latter year chairman of the Vermont delegation. His support of General Harrison at this convention has already been referred to. During his service in the Senate he naturally grew as a national party leader. He was again chairman of the Vermont delega- tion in 1896, and the friends of Governor McKinley asked him to act as temporary chairman of the convention, but he declined in favor of another Vermonter, Senator Thurston of Nebraska. At one time his name was prominently dis- cussed for the chairmanship of the Republican National Committee, but the physical strain of such a position and his other duties would not permit him to consider it. In the campaign of 1896, at the request of the National Com- mittee, he took considerable charge of the Republican cam- paign on the Pacific Coast. The result in California and Oregon evidenced his ability to bring together discordant elements and was warmly acknowledged by the National and State Committees. The most momentous action of the Republican National Convention at St. Louis in 1896 was not the nomination of Governor McKinley but the adoption of the "Gold Plank" which forced a direct issue between a single money stand- ard and "Free Silver." Senator Proctor was a large fac- tor in the adoption of an unequivocal gold standard. Such a standard was generally approved by the northeastern states but the question was what would be the attitude of the representatives of the great middle west who were back of the candidacy of Governor McKinley. Wednesday the 94 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

10th of June, during the week previous to the Convention, Senator Proctor, Henry C. Payne, a member of the Repub- lican National Committee from Wisconsin and afterwards

Postmaster-General, Herman H. Kohlsaat, then proprietor of the Chicago Record-Herald, William R. Merriam, former Governor of Minnesota, Melville E. Stone of the Associated Press, then a resident of Chicago, and Myron T. Herrick, afterwards Governor of Ohio and late Ambassador to France, met at the McKinley headquarters at the Lindell Hotel and began the discussion of the financial plank of the platform and whether it should pronounce unequivocally for the gold standard or not. From their first until their last meeting Friday morning, the 12th, these six men were to- gether practically all their waking hours considering this question. Two or three others came in occasionally, and

Mr. Hanna went in and out, telling them once in his hearty way to go ahead with the platform, he was "making the candidate." The plank as prepared by them was wired to Governor McKinley that day, who replied that it met his approval. The western members of the conference conferred with the

McKinley delegations, which it was plain would control the convention, and ascertained that the plank would receive the endorsement of a majority of the convention. It was sub- mitted by Governor Merriam, who was a member of the Committee on Resolutions to Governor Foraker of Ohio, the chairman of that committee, and was agreed to by the com- mittee and the Convention without change, so far as the declaration for the gold standard was concerned. Follow- ing the adoption of that plank, the delegates from half a dozen silver producing states left the convention. Mr. Bryan was nominated by the Democratic National Con- vention and it adopted a Free Silver Plank. The campaign of 1896 will long be memorable as one fought out upon an REDFIELD PROCTOR 95

issue rather than personalities the greatest national issue since 1860. Those who contributed to the Republican Party's taking an unequivocal stand showed not only broad statesmanship but great political sagacity. Although a strong party man, Senator Proctor could

see good in his political opponents and always maintained pleasant relations with them. When Governor, he appointed W. H. H. Bingham, who had been the Democratic candidate against him, a member of the Board of Directors of the State's Prison and House of Correction. In the Senate some

of his warmest personal friends were Democratic Senators. One of them, Senator Daniels of Virginia, left his sick bed and came to Vermont in the most inclement weather to attend his funeral. Senator Proctor had very cordial re- lations also with President Cleveland during the latter's second term. After Senator Proctor's election by the Leg- islature in 1892 his Democratic opponent, Edward J. Phelps, afterwards Minister to the Court of Saint James, with that pleasant gallantry which always distinguished him, wrote Senator Proctor, "I hope you may fill the office as long as your venerable colleague has done, and as much longer as you feel inclined, and that I may live to run against you with- out success at every election." In 1898, when he was re- elected to the Senate, some of the members of our Legis- lature proposed that after the formal vote was taken, they would be glad in behalf of the Democratic membership to move to make it unanimous. They finally refrained from doing so because the statute prescribed that the vote should be viva voce vote roll call but a by upon ; Democratic mem- ber did introduce and the Joint Assembly unanimously passed the following joint resolution : "Resolved, That the Senator just elected possesses in an eminent degree the confidence and esteem of this Joint Assembly without regard to party affiliations, and that we 96 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

desire to place upon record our recognition of this fact, and our appreciation of his devotion to the interests of our State and his efforts to advance its material welfare."

It is quite impossible to discuss all the many sides of an influential senator's work. He is required to take a position upon all questions of public policy whether within his special field of interest or not. As a Republican, Senator Proctor's general attitude towards public questions was that of his party; but he was not a subservient follower. He was conservative in his views, and yet in practice even as effecting strongly entrenched traditions of the Senate he had very progressive ideas. In spite of the earnest resis- tance of influential senators on the Committee on Appropria- tions he successfully led a revolt against the practice which entrusted all appropriation bills to that committee. At first it seemed impossible for him to succeed but after months he secured a change in rules which took nearly half of the great appropriation bills from the Appropriations Committee and assigned them to the Committees immediately in charge of the subject : for example, that for agriculture to go to the Committee on Agriculture, that for military affairs to the Committee on Military Affairs, etc. Senator Proctor was not afraid of a constitutional change when that seemed to him desirable. He was a strong advocate of a constitutional amendment to prevent the re- election of a President and he proposed such an amendment in the Senate. On January 11, 1897, he supported it in a forcible speech rich in material and showing great histor- ical research. He showed that a longer presidential term without reeligibility was the original decision of the Con- stitutional Convention; that it was not changed without much wavering and many misgivings; that the scheme of an electoral college from which senators, representatives and office holders were excluded had failed; and that the REDFIELD PROCTOR 97

Federal office very dependence upon Congress and upon holders for a second term, which the Constitution intended the undesirable to prevent, in fact exists. Speaking of consequences of reeligibility he said: "If perchance he does not aspire to reelection, he is still hampered by the fact of the constitutional possibility of such reelection. His most unselfish and patriotic acts will be charged by some to that ambition, whether he enter- tains it or not. It promotes captious criticism. It induces distrust of the President's disinterestedness and patriotism, and it belittles and detracts from the dignity of the office itself. And not only does it weaken the President and his administration at home, but the possibility of reeligibility actually weakens the effectiveness of our foreign policy. In the beginning of our present Venezuelan crisis the most common comment abroad upon the patriotic position taken by the President was that it was an electioneering dodge. Thus does the world discount an official expression of the patriotic sentiment of our people, because, in view of the possibility of the reelection of the President, the outside world also has become accustomed to look to that fact for the deepest motives of a President's actions." The country is coming more and more to accept that view and if the time ever arrives when it can be acted upon on its merits, disassociated from its effect upon the political fortunes of some particular person or persons, it will un- doubtedly be incorporated into our fundamental law. In this connection it is interesting to recall the fol- lowing incident related by Colonel Kittredge Haskins, which occurred on February 22nd, only eleven days before the Senator's death: "After the Farewell Address of George Washington to the American people had been read in the Senate, at the invitation of Senator Proctor I lunched with him, and while 98 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY waiting to be served he gave me a printed copy of that ad- dress, which I have since retained, having that portion wherein he warned his countrymen of the danger which was likely to come to the Nation from an unwarranted interfer- ence by the Executive with either of the other branches of the Government, marked with heavy black pencil lines." Senator Proctor was a great Senator. In the Senate he found full opportunity for the exercise of all his great powers. Though his executive force was perhaps his most conspicuous ability, the same qualities which made him a strong executive practical sense, judgment of men, the ability to influence and use them and his wide and compre- hensive view of affairs also peculiarly fitted him for a commanding position in what has been termed "the most august and powerful legislative body in the world." His service in the Senate, seventeen years two months and twenty-six days, exceeded in length all his other public serv- ice. It was in every sense the culmination of his public career. Though an excellent governor, and a strong Secre- tary of War, his name will always be associated with the title of Senator.

The following brief excerpts from some expressions by his colleagues are indicative of the esteem in which he was held by those with whom he served for so many years.

From Senator Dillingham : "He approached the consideration of every question from the standpoint of reason, good sense and the public good. While candid in spirit, open to conviction, and toler- ant of the judgment of others, his opinions, once formed, ripened rapidly into convictions which invariably found ex- pression in action."

From Senator Daniels of Virginia : "His life indeed was a straight line of action from reflection to design; from design to preparation; from REDFIELD PROCTOR 99

from effort to consunr- preparation to objective effort and mation."

From Senator Perkins of California : "In him nature had combined courage, patience, per- and severance, endurance, aggressiveness, loyalty to state intense love of country, intelligence, beneficence and an nature and of nature's works."

From Senator Clay of Georgia : "Senator Proctor possessed in a remarkable degree the he was genius of common sense. ... As a Senator he under- industrious, practical, and successful in whatever took. He was a careful, painstaking, forceful and conserva- considerate tive legislator, broad in his views and kind and of others. He enjoyed in a remarkable degree the con- fidence of his colleagues. He was a powerful factor in moulding and shaping public opinion."

From Senator Crane of Massachusetts : "His indeed was a remarkable career. If any man ever successfully stood the test of service, it was Senator Proc- tor, who through a long and very active life, let no op- portunities for usefulness pass by him."

This sketch necessarily incomplete of Senator Proctor's public life itself gives us a picture of the man. What he accomplished is but the natural result of what he was. That he was a man of great intellectual power is self evi- dent. His well rounded and equipped mind with its sa- gacity, far sightedness and sound judgments was the founda- tion upon which he built his career; but he made that career because he used those mental powers with inde- fatigable industry an energy that never lagged and be-

cause he possessed in large degree those other qualities which are the necessary concomitant of all greater success, aggressiveness, indomitable courage, abundant common 100 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

sense and a stable character. He had a talent for affairs

in all things he was essentially practical. He had a keen judgment of men and unusual skill in leading them for the accomplishment of great purposes. He was a man too, of great imagination. He saw visions and had the ability and energy to make them real. Senator Proctor's physical appearance betokened the strong man that he was. His was the typical New Eng- land type. "He stood straight and tall," said a colleague, "and possessed a well knit and shapely frame. His high broad forehead and the outlook of his face betokened the

strength of intellect that was in him. He was strong of limb, of will, and of purpose, as he was of brains." His physical similarity to Lincoln was often remarked in Wash- ington. The Hon. H. B. F. MacFarland, long time Chair- man of the Board of Commissioners of the District of

Columbia, once said, "The Secretary of War not only looks like him, but acts like him. Proctor is about Lincoln's height and build, with the same long broad head and the same long bright face, save that it is a little fuller and smoother. He has the rough, abundant dark hair and the short Lincoln beard. But behind all this is the same qual-

ity of strength, patience and tenderness. I do not say he has Lincoln's genius any more than he has Lincoln's elo- quence, but he has, so to speak, the roots of both, so that it seems as though the white heat of great days would de- velop them. But he has Lincoln's distinctively American point of view and method of looking at things as well as his homely humor in talking about them. He has not Lin- coln's inexhaustible fund of 'that reminds me' stories, but he illustrates his point in just such familiar phrases."

"In spite of all his travels and constant intercourse with the most cultivated people," said Senator Perkins, "he never forsook the intermingling of New England provincial- REDFIELD PROCTOR 101 isms with his language, using those quaint words so typical of New England, which were as charming in his conserva- tion and as characteristic of the man as is the kilt of the highlander." It only remains for me to speak of two qualities which his especially endeared him to the people of our State democracy and his passion for Vermont. His democracy was one of his most marked traits. I mean, not simply an interest in people of every rank and station, but genuine sympathy with and participation in the " feelings of the common people. 'Not that I am as good as you, but that you are as good as I,' was the spirit," said one, "which permeated his being, dominated his life and shaped his conduct of men." His honored son, Governor Fletcher D. Proctor, who himself had the same beautiful trait, once wrote thus of his father's democracy : "While he possessed to a marked degree the charac- teristics essential to the making of the great, broad, suc- cessful man he was, affable and genial in conversation, frank and abiding as a friend, broad and thorough in research and reading, tireless as a worker, positive in conviction, strong in character, perhaps no trait of his great character was ap- preciated and admired more by those who were close to him and knew him well than his great democracy. It was so thorough, natural and complete, so much a part of him, that no other course seemed possible. . . . It was upon this basis that he founded and built up his great business.

. . . Every man, woman and child had in him a friend ever ready to receive and hear them and to give such coun- sel and service as it might be his to give. None of these things were done by him as a matter of duty but as a part of his . . nature. . This natural simplicity, his straight- forward yet genial and sympathetic nature and manner made him the best of companions to the old or young, learned or 102 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

unlearned, rich or poor, private or officer, humble citizen or statesman. He was alike welcome, content and at home in the camp, woods, shop, office, the humble or luxurious home, or in the Senate of the United States. All were nat- urally alike to him. ... He knew no blue blood except that of character, effort and accomplishment." Senator Proctor's deepest interests were always in anything that pertained to Vermont. He took the keenest pleasure in establishing the identity of the Records of the Conventions for the independence of Vermont in 1776 and 77, which he found in the Library of Congress; and for this he received the thanks of our Legislature in 1904. During the long recess of Congress in 1903 he devoted much time to the investigation, the result of which is em- bodied in a report presented by him, together with litho- graphic copies of the manuscript, to this Society in Jan- uary, 1904. This report showed great ingenuity in re- search and fine historical discrimination.

Many worthy causes in Vermont, including particularly small churches throughout the State, were long the re- cipients of his benefactions. His generosity was not limited to giving of his substance. He was generous in encourage- ment and praise, in counsel and help he gave himself to the service of others. His most notable single charity was his gift of a quarter of a million dollars for the building, equipment and endowment of the "Vermont Sanatorium" at Pittsford. This he gave, as he said in his deed of gift, "for the benefit of the people of Vermont." He forbade

that it should bear his name but chose rather that it should

bear the name of the State. By its care of patients from every county and with its educating influence reaching into the communities where these patients return to their homes, it has for seven years performed a notable and increas- ingly useful work in the campaign against tuberculosis. In REDFIELD PROCTOR 103

its conception and in the thoroughness of its provisions for in the purpose intended, it is, as the bronze tablet erected the main building since his death declares, "One of the memorials of his useful life and of his love for his State." Senator Proctor was an intense Vermonter. He be-

lieved in Vermont in her resources and in her people. It was generally regarded by successive Presidents that he could always propose a Vermonter for any place. It is a fact that he was accustomed to get things for our State and for our people, and this he usually did upon his own initia- tive. Such was his judgment of men that his recommenda- tions were good, and appointments made at his request al- ways justified themselves. He was much interested in the success of these appointees, and I remember took a pardon- able pride in the fact that he secured the assignment of Admiral Dewey to the Asiatic Fleet shortly before the Spanish War and thus gave a Vermonter an opportunity to make the splendid record he did at Manila Bay. Although Senator Proctor became a national character, he always remained distinctively a Vermonter. His was a nature too great to treat national problems from any less than a na- tional standpoint and yet no one could have been more watchful than he of the particular interests of our State. It was one of the elements of his strength with her people that he not only appreciated and was quick to grasp their feel- ings and sentiments, but he had that perfect sympathy with them which alone could make one a true exponent of their hopes and aspirations. In the summer of 1907 Senator Proctor was in poor health. As soon as his strength permitted he went to Pico Pond in the town of Sherburne, one of his favorite haunts, and spent a considerable part of the summer and fall. As a result of the out-of-door life he went back to Washington for the December session in better condition 104 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY than had been thought possible, and took up his work with vigor. Wednesday, February 26th, though not feeling well he attended the Senate as usual. The next morning he had to call a physician. Ever after his severe lung trouble during the War, his family had felt that he was peculiarly exposed to danger from pneumonia. Such this sickness proved to be and it rapidly ran its course. Only six days afterwards, on the fourth day of March, 1908, in an apart- ment house in Washington, which he had built of Vermont marble and named "The Champlain" after our great lake, his spirit took flight. His mortal remains were laid at rest in the cemetery at Proctor. In his seventy-seventh year, crowned with honors, beloved in his State, respected by his countrymen, with mental vigor unimpaired and physical strength beyond his years, in the very midst of the fight, like the good soldier that he was, he laid down his life but his works live. He was a great Vermonter and won- derfully typical of the rugged strength of our mountain state. Such men make Vermont great. SPEECH OF THE HON. REDFIELD PROCTOR IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

THURSDAY, MARCH 17, 1898

Speech of Hon. Redfield Proctor

AFFAIRS IN CUBA.

MR. FRYE. Mr. President, the Senator from Vermont (Mr. Proctor), a Senator in whom the country has much confidence, and a conservative man, has just returned from a pretty careful investigation of affairs in Cuba, and has expressed a willingness to give to the Senate and the coun- his views and some have desired that he do so at try ; may the present moment. I therefore ask the Senator from Florida whether or not he will consent to yield the floor for the present, resuming it again when the Senator from Ver- mont has finished his statement?

MR. MALLORY. I yield for that purpose. MR. FRYE. I ask unanimous consent of the Senate that the Senator from Vermont may proceed with his state- ment.

MR. CHANDLER. I suggest the absence of a quorum, Mr. President. THE PRESIDING OFFICER. The absence of a quorum being suggested, the Secretary will call the roll. The Secretary called the roll. THE PRESIDING OFFICER. A quorum is present, and the Senator from Vermont is recognized. MR. PROCTOR. Mr. President, more importance seems to be attached by others to my recent visit to Cuba than I have it given it, and has been suggested that I make a pub- lic statement of what I saw and how the situation impressed me. This I do on account of the public interest in all that 108 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

concerns Cuba, and to correct some inaccuracies that have, not unnaturally, appeared in reported interviews with me. My trip was entirely unofficial and of my own motion, not suggested by anyone. The only mention I made of it to the President was to say to him that I contemplated such a trip and to ask him if there was any objection to it; to which he replied that he could see none. No one but my- self, therefore, is responsible for anything in this statement. Judge Day gave me a brief note of introduction to General Lee, and I had letters of introduction from business friends at the North to bankers and other business men at Habana, and they in turn gave me letters to their correspondents in other cities. These letters to business men were very use- ful, as one of the principal purposes of my visit was to as- certain the views of practical men of affairs upon the sit- uation.

Of General Lee I need say little. His valuable serv- ices to his country in his trying position are too well known to all his countrymen to require mention. Besides his abil- ity, high character, and courage, he possesses the important requisites of unfailing tact and courtesy, and, withal, his military education and training and his soldierly qualities are invaluable adjuncts in the equipment of our represent- ative in a country so completely under military rule as is Cuba. General Lee kindly invited us to sit at his table at the hotel during our stay in Habana, and this oppor- tunity for frequent informal talks with him was of great help to me. In addition to the information he voluntarily gave me, it furnished a convenient opportunity to ask him the many questions that suggested themselves in explanation of things seen and heard on our trips through the country. I also met and spent considerable time with Consul Brice at Matanzas, and with Captain Barker, a stanch ex-Confed- SPEECH OF HON. REDFIELD PROCTOR 109

erate soldier, the consul at Sagua la Grande. None of our are of representatives whom I met in Cuba my political

faith, but there is a broader faith, not bounded by party lines. They are all three true Americans, and have done excellent service.

THE MAINE.

It has been stated that I said there was no doubt the Maine was blown up from the outside. This is a mistake. I may have said that such was the general impression among Americans in Habana. In fact, I have no opinion about it myself, and carefully avoided forming one. I gave no at- tention to these outside surmises. I met the members of the court on their boat, but would as soon approach our Supreme Court in regard to a pending cause as that board. They are as competent and trustworthy within the lines of their duty as any court in the land, and their report, when made, will carry conviction to all the people that the exact truth has been stated just as far as it is possible to ascertain it. Until then surmise and conjecture are idle and un- profitable. Let us calmly wait for the report.

SECTIONS VISITED.

There are six provinces in Cuba, each, with the excep- tion of Matanzas, extending the whole width of the is- land, and having about an equal sea front on the north and south borders. Matanzas touches the Caribbean Sea only at its southwest corner, being separated from it elsewhere by a narrow peninsula of Santa Clara Province. The provinces are named, beginning at the west, Pinar del Rio, Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, Puerto Principe, and Santiago de Cuba. My observations were confined to the four western provinces, which constitute about one-half of the island. The two eastern ones are practically in the 110 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

hands of the insurgents, except the few fortified towns. These two large provinces are spoken of today as "Cuba Libre."

Habana, the great city and capital of the island, is, in the eyes of the Spaniards and many Cubans, all Cuba, as much as Paris is France. But having visited it in more peaceful times and seen its sights, the tomb of Columbus, the forts Cabana and Morro Castle, etc. I did not care to repeat this, preferring trips in the country. Everything seems to go on much as usual in Habana. Quiet prevails, and except for the frequent squads of soldiers marching to guard and police duty and their abounding presence in all public places, one sees few signs of war. Outside Habana all is changed. It is not peace nor is it war. It is desolation and distress, misery and starva- tion. Every town and village is surrounded by a "trocha"

(trench), a sort of rifle pit, but constructed on a plan new to me, the dirt being thrown up on the inside and a barbed- wire fence on the outer side of the trench. These trochas have at every corner and at frequent intervals along the sides what are there called forts, but which are really small blockhouses, many of them more like large sentry boxes, loopholed for musketry, and with a guard of from two to ten soldiers in each. The purpose of these trochas is to keep the reconcen- trados in, as well as to keep the insurgents out. From all the surrounding country the people have been driven into these fortified towns and held there to subsist as they can. They are virtually prison yards, and not unlike one in gen- eral appearance, except that the walls are not so high and strong; but they suffice, where every point is in range of a soldier's rifle, to keep in the poor reconcentrado women and children. SPEECH OF HON. REDFIELD PROCTOR 111

Every railroad station is within one of these trochas and has an armed guard. Every train has an armored freight car, loopholed for musketry and filled with soldiers, and with, as I observed usually, and was informed is al- ways the case, a pilot engine a mile or so in advance. There are frequent blockhouses inclosed by a trocha and with a guard along the railroad track. With this exception there is no human life or habitation between these fortified towns and villages, and throughout the whole of the four western provinces, except to a very limited extent among the hills where the Spaniards have not been able to go and drive the people to the towns and burn their dwellings. I saw no house or hut in the 400 miles of railroad rides from Pinar del Rio Province in the west across the full width of Habana and Matanzas provinces, and to Sagua La Grande on the north shore, and to Cienfuegos on the south shore of Santa Clara, except within the Spanish trochas. There are no domestic animals or crops on the rich fields and pastures except such as are under guard in the immediate vicinity of the towns. In other words, the Span- iards hold in these four western provinces just what their army sits on. Every man, woman, and child, and every domestic animal, wherever their columns have reached, is under guard and within their so-called fortifications. To describe one place is to describe all. To repeat, it is neither peace nor war. It is concentration and desolation. This is the "pacified" condition of the four western provinces. West of Habana is mainly the rich tobacco country; east, so far as I went, a sugar region. Nearly all the sugar mills are destroyed between Habana and Sagua. Two or three were standing in the vicinity of Sagua, and in part running, surrounded, as are the villages, by trochas and "forts" or palisades of the royal palm, and fully guarded. Toward and near Cienfuegos there were more mills run- 112 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY ning, but all with the same protection. It is said that the owners of these mills near Cienfuegos have been able to ob- tain special favors of the Spanish Government in the way of a large force of soldiers, but that they also, as well as all the railroads, pay taxes to the Cubans for immunity. I had no means of verifying this. It is the common talk among those who have better means of knowledge.

THE RECONCENTRADOS THE COUNTRY PEOPLE.

All the country people in the four western provinces, about 400,000 in number, remaining outside the fortified towns when Weyler's order was made were driven into these towns, and these are the reconcentrados. They were the peasantry, many of them farmers, some landowners, others renting lands and owning more or less stock, others working on estates and cultivating small patches; and even a small patch in that fruitful clime will support a family. It is but fair to say that the normal condition of these people was very different from what prevails in this coun- try. Their standard of comfort and prosperity was not high measured by ours. But according to their standards and requirements their conditions of life were satisfactory. They lived mostly in cabins made of palms or in wooden houses. Some of them had houses of stone, the blackened walls of which are all that remain to show the country was ever inhabited.

The first clause of Weyler's order reads as follows:

I ORDER AND COMMAND. First. All the inhabitants of the country or outside of the line of fortifications of the towns shall, within the period of eight days, concentrate themselves in the towns occupied by the troops. Any individual who, after the expiration of this period, is found in the uninhabited parts will be considered a rebel and tried as such. SPEECH OF HON. REDFIELD PROCTOR 113

The other three sections forbid the transportation of pro- visions from one town to another without permission of the mili- tary authority, direct the owners of cattle to bring them into the towns, prescribe that the eight days shall be counted from the publication of the proclamation in the head town of the municipal district, and state that if news is furnished of the enemy which can be made use of, it will serve as a "recommendation." Many, doubtless, did not learn of this order. Others failed to grasp its terrible meaning. Its execution was left largely to the guerrillas to drive in all that had not obeyed, and I was informed that in many cases the torch was ap- fled plied to their homes with no notice, and the inmates with such clothing as they might have on, their stock and other belongings being appropriated by the guerrillas. When they reached the towns, they were allowed to build huts of palm leaves in the suburbs and vacant places within the trochas, and left to live, if they could. Their huts are about 10 by 15 feet in size, and for want of space are usually crowded together very closely. They have no floor but the ground, no furniture, and, after a year's wear, but little clothing except such stray substi- tutes as they can extemporize; and with large families, or more than one, in this little space, the commonest sanitary provisions are impossible. Conditions are unmentionable in this respect. Torn from their homes, with foul earth, foul air, foul water, and foul food or none, what wonder that one-half have died and that one-quarter of the living are so diseased that they can not be saved? A form of dropsy is a common disorder resulting from these con- ditions. Little children are still walking about with arms and chest terribly emaciated, eyes swollen, and abdomen bloated to three times the natural size. The physicians say these cases are hopeless. Deaths in the streets have not been uncommon. I was told by one of our consuls that they have been found dead about the markets in the morning, where they had crawled, 114 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY hoping to get some stray bits of food from the early huck- sters, and that there had been cases where they had dropped dead inside the market surrounded by food. Before Wey- ler's order, these people were independent and self-support- ing. They are not beggars even now. There are plenty of professional beggars in every town among the regular residents, but these country people, the reconcentrados, have not learned the art. Rarely is a hand held out to you for alms when going among their huts, but the sight of them makes an appeal stronger than words.

THE HOSPITALS.

Of these I need not speak. Others have described their condition far better than I can. It is not within the nar- row limits of my vocabulary to portray it. I went to Cuba with a strong conviction that the picture had been that a cases of starvation overdrawn ; few and suffering had inspired and stimulated the press correspondents, and that they had given free play to a strong, natural, and highly cultivated imagination. Before starting I received through the mail a leaflet published by the Christian Herald, with cuts of some of the sick and starving reconcentrados, and took it with me, thinking these must be rare specimens, got up to make the worst possible showing. I saw plenty as bad and worse; many that should not be photographed and shown. I could not believe that out of a population of 1,600,000, two hundred thousand had died within these Spanish forts, practically prison walls, within a few months past from actual starvation and diseases caused by insufficient and im- proper food. My inquiries were entirely outside of sensa- tional sources. They were made of our medical officers, of our consuls, of city alcaldes (mayors), of relief com- mittees, of leading merchants and bankers, physicians, and SPEECH OF HON. REDFIELD PROCTOR 115

but lawyers. Several of my informants were Spanish born, over- every time the answer was that the case had not been stated. What I saw I can not tell so that others can see it. It must be seen with one's own eyes to be realized. The Los Pasos Hospital, in Habana, has been recently described by one of my colleagues, Senator Gallinger, and I can not say that his picture was overdrawn, for even his fertile pen could not do that. But he visited it after Dr. Lesser, one of Miss Barton's very able and efficient assis- tants, had renovated it and put in cots. I saw it when 400 women and children were lying on the floors in an indescri- bable state of emaciation and disease, many with the scantiest covering of rags and such rags ! sick children, naked as they came into the world; and the conditions in the other cities are even worse.

MISS BARTON AND HER WORK.

Miss Barton needs no indorsement from me. I had known and esteemed her for many years, but had not half appreciated her capability and devotion to her work. I specially looked into her business methods, fearing that here would be the greatest danger of mistake, that there might be want of system and waste and extravagance, but found she could teach me on these points. I visited the warehouses the are received distributed the where supplies and ; saw methods of checking; visited the hospitals established or her the distributions in organized and supplied by ; saw food several cities and towns, and everything seems to me to be conducted in the best manner possible. The ample, fine warehouse in Habana, owned by a Cuban firm, is given, with a gang of laborers free of charge to unload and reship supplies.

The Children's Hospital in Habana, a very large, fine private residence, is hired at a cost of less than $100 per 116 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY month, not a fifth of what it would command in this city. It is under the admirable management of Mrs. Dr. Lesser, of New York, a German lady and trained nurse. I saw the rapid improvement of the first children taken there. All Miss Barton's assistants seem excellently fitted for their duties. In short, I saw nothing to criticise, but everything to commend. The American people may be assured that their bounty will reach the sufferers with the least possible cost and in the best manner in every respect. If our people could see a small fraction of the need, they would pour more "freely from their liberal stores" than ever before for any cause. When will the need for this help end ? Not until peace comes and the reconcentrados can go back to the country, re- build their homes, reclaim their tillage plots, which quickly run up to brush in that wonderful soil and clime, and until they can be free from danger of molestation in so doing. Until then the American people must in the main care for them. It is true that the alcaldes, other local authorities, and the relief committees are now trying to do something, and desire, I believe, to do the best they can. But the prob- lem is beyond their means and capacity, and the work is one to which they are not accustomed. General Blanco's order of November 13 last some- what modifies the Weyler order, but is of little or no prac- tical benefit. Its application is limited to farms "properly defended," and the owners are obliged to build "centers of defense." Its execution is completely in the discretion of the local military authorities, and they know the terrible military efficiency of Weyler's order in stripping the coun- try of all possible shelter, food, or source of information for an insurgent, and will be slow to surrender this advan- tage. In fact, though the order was issued four months ago, I saw no beneficent results from it worth mentioning. SPEECH OF HON. REDFIELD PROCTOR 117

I do not impugn General Blanco's motives, and believe him to be an amiable gentleman, and that he would be glad to relieve the condition of the reconcentrados if he could do loss but he knows that so without of any military advantage ; all Cubans are insurgents at heart, and none now under military control will be allowed to go out from under it. I wish I might speak of the country of its surpassing richness. I have never seen one to compare with it. On this point I agree with Columbus, that this is the "most rich and beautiful that ever human eye beheld," and believe everyone between his time and mine must be of the same opinion. It is indeed a land "Where every prospect pleases And only man is vile."

THE SPANIARD.

I had little time to study the race question, and have

read nothing on it, so can only give hastly impressions. It is said that there are nearly 200,000 Spaniards in Cuba out of a total population of 1,600,000. They live principally in the towns and cities. The small shopkeepers in the towns and their clerks are mostly Spaniards. Much of the larger

business, too, and of the property in the cities, and in a less degree in the country, is in their hands. They have an eye to thrift, and as everything possible in the way of trade and legalized monopolies, in which the country abounds, is given to them by the Government, many of them acquire prop- erty. I did not learn that the Spanish residents of the island had contributed largely in blood or treasure to sup- press the insurrection.

THE CUBAN.

There are, or were before the war, about 1,000,000 Cubans on the island, 200,000 Spaniards (which means those 118 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY born in Spain), and less than half a million of negroes and mixed bloods. The Cuban whites are of pure Spanish blood and, like the Spaniards, dark in complexion, but oftener light or blond, so far as I noticed. The percentage of color- ed to white has been steadily diminishing for more than fifty years, and is not now over 25 per cent, of the total. In fact, the number of colored people has been actually diminishing for nearly that time. The Cuban farmer and laborer is by nature peaceable, kindly, gay, hospitable, light-hearted, and improvident. " There is a proverb among the Cubans that Spanish bulls can not be bred in Cuba" that is the Cubans, though they are of Spanish blood, are less excitable and of a quieter temperament. Many Cubans whom I met spoke in strong

bull that it a brutal terms against the fights ; was institution, introduced and mainly patronized by the Spaniards. One thing that was new to me was to learn the superiority of the well-to-do Cuban over the Spaniard in the matter of education. Among those in good circumstances there can be no doubt that the Cuban is far superior in this respect. And the reason of it is easy to see. They have been educated in England, France, or this country, while the Spaniard has such education as his own country furnishes.

THE NEGRO.

The colored people seem to me by nature quite the equal mentally and physically of the race in this country. Certainly physically they are by far the larger and stronger race on the island. There is little or no race prejudice, and this has doubtless been greatly to their advantage. Eighty- five years ago there were one-half as many free negroes as slaves, and this proportion slowly increased until emancipa- tion. SPEECH OF HON. REDFIELD PROCTOR 119

THE MILITARY SITUATION.

It is said that there are about 60,000 Spanish soldiers now in Cuba fit for duty out of the more than 200,000 that have been sent there. The rest have died, have been sent home sick, or are in hospitals, and some have been killed, notwithstanding the official reports. They are conscripts, many of them very young, and generally small men. One hundred and thirty pounds is a fair estimate of their aver- age weight. They are quiet and obedient, and if well drilled and led, I believe would fight fairly well, but not at all equal to our men. Much more would depend on the leadership than with us. The officer must lead well and be one in whom they have confidence, and this applies to both sides alike. As I saw no drills or regular formation, I inquired about them of many persons, and was informed that they had never seen a drill. I saw perhaps 10,000 Spanish troops, but not a piece of artillery or a tent. They live in barracks in the towns, and are seldom out for more than the day, returning to town at night. They have little or no equipment for supply trains or for a field campaign such as we have. Their cavalry horses are scrubby little native ponies, weighing not over 800 pounds, tough and hardy, but for the most part in wretched con- dition, reminding one of the mount of Don Quixote. Some of the officers, however, have good horses, mostly Ameri- can, I think. On both sides cavalry is considered the favorite and the dangerous fighting arm. The tactics of the Spanish, as described to me by eyewitnesses and participants in some of their battles, is for the infantry, when threatened by in- surgent cavalry, to form a hollow square and fire away ad libitum, and without ceasing until time to march back to town. 120 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

It does not seem to have entered the minds of either side that a good infantry force can take care of itself and repulse anywhere an equal or greater number of cavalry, and there are everywhere positions where cavalry would be at a disadvantage. Having called on Governor and Captain-General Blanco and received his courteous call in return, I could not with propriety seek communication with insurgents. I had plenty of offers of safe conduct to Gomez's camp, and was told that if I would write him, an answer would be returned

safely within ten days at niost. I saw sejyeral who had vis- ited the insurgent camps, and was sought out by an insurgent field officer, who gave me the best information received as to the insurgent force. His statements were moderate, and I was credibly informed that he was entirely reliable. He claimed that the Cubans had about 30,000 men now in the

field, some in every province, but rrtostly in the two eastern provinces and eastern Santa Clara, and this statement was corroborated from other good sources. They have a force all the time in Habana Province itself, organized in four small brigades and operating in small bands. Ruiz was taken, tried, and shot within about a mile and a half of the railroad and about 15 miles out of Habana, on the road to Matanzas, a road more traveled than any other, and which I went over four times. Arranguren was killed about 3 miles the other side of the road and about the same distance, 15 or 20 miles, from Habana. The Cubans are well armed, but very poorly sup- plied with ammunition. They are not allowed to carry many cartridges; sometimes not more than one or two. The in- fantry, especially, are poorly clad. Two small squads of pris- oners which I saw, however, one of half a dozen in the streets of Habana, and one of three on the cars, wore better clothes than the average Spanish soldier. SPEECH OP HON. REDFIELD PROCTOR 121

Each of these prisoners, though surrounded by guards, was bound by the arm and wrists by cords, and they were all tied together by a cord running along the line, a specimen of the amenities of their warfare. About one-third of the Cuban army are colored, mostly in the infantry, as the cavalry furnished their own horses.

This field officer, an American from a Southern State, spoke in the highest terms of the conduct of these colored that as and had more en- soldiers ; they were good fighters the could with the durance than whites ; keep up cavalry on a long march and come in fresh at night.

THE POLITICAL SITUATION.

The dividing lines between parties are the straightest and clearest cut that have ever come to my knowledge. The division in our war was by no means so clearly defined. It is Cuban against Spaniard. It is practically the entire Cuban population on one side and the Spanish army and Spanish citizens on the other.

I do not count the autonomists in this division, as they are so far too inconsiderable in numbers to be worth counting. General Blanco filled the civil offices with men who had been autonomists and were still classed as such. But the march of events had satisfied most of them that the chance for autonomy came too late. It falls as talk of compromise would have fallen the last year or two of our war. If it succeeds, it can only be by armed force, by the triumph of the Spanish army, and the success of Spanish arms would be easier by Weyler's policy and method, for in that the Spanish army and people believe.

There is no doubt that General Blanco is acting in entire faith that he desires to the a fair- good ; give Cubans measure of autonomy, as Campos did at the close of the ten- 122 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY year war. He has, of course, a few personal followers, but the army and the Spanish citizens do not want genuine autonomy, for that means government by the Cuban people. And it is not strange that the Cubans say it comes too late. I have never had any communication, direct or indirect, with the Cuban Junta in this country or any of its mem- bers, nor did I have with any of the juntas which exist in every city and large town of Cuba. None of the calls I made were upon parties of whose sympathies I had the least knowledge, except that I knew some of them were classed as autonomists. Most of my informants were business men, who had taken no sides and rarely expressed themselves. I had no means of guessing in advance what their answers would be, and was in most cases greatly surprised at their frankness. I inquired in regard to autonomy of men of wealth and men as prominent in business as any in the cities of Habana, Matanzas, and Sagua, bankers, merchants, lawyers and autonomist officials, some of them Spanish born but Cuban bred, one prominent Englishman, several of them, known as autonomists, and several of them telling me they were still believers in autonomy if practicable, but without exception they replied that it was "too late" for that. Some favored a United States protectorate, some an- counted favor- nexation, some free Cuba ; not one has been ing the insurrection at first. They were business men and wanted peace, but said it was too late for peace under Span- ish sovereignty. They characterized Weyler's order in far stronger ternts than I can. I could not but conclude that you do not have to scratch an autonomist very deep to find a Cuban. There is soon to be an election, but every polling place must be inside a fortified town. Such elections ought to be safe for the "ins." SPEECH OF HON. REDFIELD PROCTOR 123

I have endeavored to state in not intemperate mood what I saw and heard, and to make no argument thereon, but leave everyone to draw his own conclusions. To me the strongest appeal is not the barbarity practiced by Weyler nor the loss of the Maine, if our worst fears should prove true, terrible as are both of these incidents, but the spectacle of a million and a half of people, the entire native population of Cuba, struggling for freedom and deliverance from the worst misgovernment of which I ever had knowledge. But whether our action ought to be influenced by any one or all these things, and, if so how far, is another question. I am not in favor of annexation not because I ; would

apprehend any particular trouble from it, but because it is not wise policy to take in any people of foreign tongue and training, and without any strong guiding American element. The fear that if free, the people of Cuba would be revolu- tionary is not so well founded as has been supposed, and the conditions for good selfgovernment are far more favorable. The large number of educated and patriotic men, the great sacrifices they have endured, the peaceable temperament of the people, whites and blacks, the wonderful prosperity that would surely come with peace and good home rule, the large influx of American and English immigration and money, would all be strong factors for stable institutions. But it is not my purpose at this time, nor do I consider it my province, to suggest any plan. I merely speak of the symptoms as I saw them, but do not undertake to prescribe. Such remedial steps as may be required may safely be left to an American President and the American people.

Otter Greek in History

An address

By

Hon. Henry W. Hill, of Buffalo, N. Y.

Originally delivered at Fort Cassin,

Vermont, September 7, 1914

Otter Greek in History

We meet to celebrate the most important naval victory of the War of 1812, which occurred in Plattsburgh Bay on Lake Champlain on September llth, 1814, when Commo- dore Thomas Macdonough with his American squadron, de- feated Captain George Downie with a British squadron superior in some respects to the former. Sir George Prevost with his British army of thirteen thousand men, many of them veterans, under experienced generals of the British army, in European wars, undertook the invasion of New York from Canada and was opposed by General Alexander Macomb with no more than fifteen hundred regulars, two thousand and five hundred volunteers from Vermont under Major General Samuel Strong and General Wright's brigade of Clinton and Essex militia of seven hundred under Major General Benjamin Mooers. His progress was effectually checked at Saranac river in the village of Plattsburgh, whence General Sir George Prevost with his army retreated to Canada after the defeat of the British fleet, under Captain Daniel Pring, who assumed command after the death of Captain Downie, soon after the naval engagement commenced. The gallantry displayed by Major John E. Wool and his small corps of two hundred and fifty regulars and thirty volunteers, in opposing the advance of the invading army through Beekmantown, retreating under the fire of over- whelming numbers to Culver's Hill, thence to Halsey's Corners and later to the south side of the Saranac river and there to resist with others the further advance of the British force is but one of the heroic incidents of that war, that have never been properly acknowledged by the Ameri- 128 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY can people. Others might be mentioned and undoubtedly will be by other speakers in discussing the history of that war in the Champlain valley. Some of these were told by the venerable Joseph Bennett, late of Angola, N. Y., who was a drummer boy from Vermont in the land engagement at Plattsburgh. The importance of the naval battle can not be over- estimated in ending, let us hope for all time, wars between English speaking nations. Captain A. T. Mahan, U. S. N.

has said this of it : "The battle of Lake Champlain more nearly than any other incident of the War of 1812, merits the word 'decisive' decisive not merely in relation to immediate military re-

sults, but in relation to political questions, involved in the pending negotiations for peace." The Plattsburgh Centenary Commission has compared

the results of this battle with those of Trafalgar as follows : "Lord Nelson's victory ended Napoleon's scheme for invasion of ended the Brit- England ; Macdonough's victory ish scheme to regain her lost colonies by an invasion of New York and the cutting off of New England from the rest of the states. Nelson and Macdonough each fought a superior foe and each defeated his adversary with unsurpassed valor and courage." The treaty of peace concluded at Ghent on Christmas day, 1814, recognized few, if any, of the demands of the British contained in the note of that government presented by its commissioners under date of August 19th, 1814, but secured for our government all its rights and had this effect, as stated by Albert Gallatin, on our national history; "The people born by war to independence, had by war again been transformed from childhood, absorbed in the visible objects immediately surrounding it to youth with its dawning vision and opening enthusiasms." OTTER CREEK IN HISTORY 129

It is not my purpose, however, to enlarge upon the in- cidents, and results of the War of 1812, as may be done by others during this Centenary Celebration, but to call atten- tion to this historic river, upon whose shores Commodore Macdonough builded part of his fleet and which is indis- solubly related to the thrilling history of Lake Champlam. Otter Creek, or Kill, as it was called, was known to the French as "La Riviere aux loutres," whence its English name. It is ninety miles long and flows in a northwesterly direction through Rutland, Middlebury, and Vergennes. In this connection I am reminded of the observation of a little in girl, just completing her course geography to her parents in substance, that the Lord must have been interested in cities or he would not have made so many rivers flow past them.

Ira Allen says in his "History of Vermont" that "large vessels go up (Otter Creek) eight miles to the falls of Ver- gennes." His conception of the size of vessels must be in- terpreted in the light of the craft of his day, consisting of canoes, bateaux and small lake vessels. Still it was the principal inflowing navigable stream into the lake from the East and its geographical location is such a few miles down the lake from Crown Point, that it afforded shelter for the frail barques passing from that point down the lake, from prehistoric times. We glean from indisputable records the following in relation to Otter Creek. Some parts of such records are given ipsissimis verbis without attempting to give the references on account of the limited time at my disposal for this address. In 1690, a commission issued by the Mayor, Aldermen and Justices of the City and County of Albany, dated April 1st, 1690, to Captain Abraham Schuyler to proceed with nine men and with Jannetie or Laurence, the Mohawk In- dian, and his party of savages, with some Schagtkooks In- dians, about seven miles beyond Crown Point up Otter 9 130 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Creek, or some better place of rendezvous, where they should keep watch day and night, and send out scouts and communi- cate with soldiers at Crown Point, and should he perceive or meet any French or Canadian Indians, to despoil, plunder and do them all injury as enemies, conformably to the cus- toms of war. The Commission further provided that if any volunteers, either Christians or Indians, would proceed from Otter Creek, or Kill, to Canada as spies to reconnoitre or take any prisoners to have their permission so to do, pro- vided the post at Otter Creek, or Kill, remain fully establish- ed. (The foregoing in part is obtained from document bear- ing date at Albany, April 1st, 1690. See 2 Doc. Hist, of New York, 113). While posted there, he led a scouting party of eight Indians as far as Chambly, and there he en- countered a small party of the French, of whom he killed two and took one prisoner. From July 23rd to July 26th, 1691, Mayor Peter Schuy- ler with an expedition of Christians and Indians numbering 266, was stationed at Otter Creek, and during his stay there built a small stone fort, breast high. From there he sailed to Isle La Motte. That evidently was the first defensive structure ever built on Otter Creek, within its fauses terrae. In the winter of 1700, David Schuyler, on an expedition to Canada found French guards at Otter Creek, but had no encounter with them. He reports that his force was stronger than that of the French. The latter had been sent from Canada to prevent the transportation of beavers, but Mr. Schuyler and party had no beavers and were not re- sisted. It thus appears that as early as the year 1700, Otter Creek was well known to the French of Canada as well as to Americans of the Province of New York. In 1709, a party of Canadians passed up Otter Creek on their way to New England, consisting of forty Christians and one hundred and forty Indians. They were on their OTTER CREEK IN HISTORY 131

way to Deerfield to post themselves near the Fort and sent out a skulking party to draw out the English and capture the

place. I The French, in pursuance of a plan of uniting their Northern and Southern possessions by a chain of forts, in the year 1731, ascended Lake Champlain and began the con- struction of Fort St. Frederic at Crown Point. Before do-

ing that, however, they began a settlement in the town of Addison. Ft. Frederic was located on land formerly be- longing to the Iroquois, and it was also claimed by the State of New York, and had been granted to Rev. Godfrey Dellius, a Dutch minister of Albany, in 1696. On a chart of Lake Champlain from a survey made in 1732, published at Quebec in 1748, it appears that the terri- tory comprising the land on both sides of Otter Creek, was granted as a seigniory to M. de Contrecoeur, Jr., on July 7th, 1734, extending along the shore of the lake a league and a half above and below the river, making three leagues in front by three in depth, together with so much of said river as is found, including therein three isles or islets, which are in front of said concession and depend thereon. That grant is said to have included the towns of Ferrisburg, Monkton,

the site of the city of Vergennes, and portions of Panton, Waltham, New Haven and Bristol. This seigniory was not approved, and the reason as- signed was that "it was impossible to find individuals willing to accept lands, though they offered them the same on very advantageous terms, and were willing to give even 300 livres to engage said individuals," and it was asserted for the grantee that he had been subject to various expenses and in- tended to do all in his power to find farmers to settle said seigniory, and hoped to succeed therein. This was estab- lished on application made to revoke said grant which came on for hearing before the Superior Council at Quebec on 182 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

May 10th, 1741, when it was decided that the Governor, Charles Marquis de Beauharnois and Sieur Giles Hocquart reserved to themselves the power to grant new patents of that and other seigniories to those of the defendants, who should prove within a year that they had seriously and by real outlays and labor improved a notable portion of said lands or placed settlers thereon during the course of the year. This prevented the forfeiture of these grants, and enabled the grantees to establish their right thereto. A serious controversy arose over the seigniories on Lake Champlain, involving the question of the forfeiture to the crown of France by failure of the grantee to perform the conditions imposed by the terms of the grants and also the claim of the British thereto by the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, which included all the lands of the Iroquois, in- cluding some or all of the grants along Lake Champlain. As early as September 3rd, 1696, a patent had been passed to Godfrey Dellius, under the seal of the Province of New York, for some of the lands, included under Canadian grants and which did not come into possession of the French until 40 years later. (1 Doc. Hist, of N. Y. 365). The Grant from the Mohawks to Dellius was repealed by the legislature of New York in 1699. Some of the lands of Dellius and much of the territory through which Otter Creek flows, was included in the sei- gniory granted to Sieur Giles Hocquart, Intendant of New France on April 20th, 1743. (Doc. Hist. N. Y. pp. 375-6). M. Hocquart conveyed his seigniory to M. de Michel Char- tier Lotbiniere on April 7th, 1763. The grantee prosecuted his claim perseveringly, but the British Government main- tained that, as the territory south of the river St. Lawrence, including that owned by the Iroquois had by treaty granted to Great Britain by the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, "all the possessions of the French on Lake Champlain, including OTTER CREEK IN HISTORY 133

erection of the forts at Crown Point and Ticonderoga, vere an intrusion and trespass" and of course that govern- nent had no right to make grants there, and therefore the rhe3ritish government denied the claim of Lotbiniere, as they did all others, for lands south of latitude 45", which was the line between the Provinces of Quebec and New York settled by the British government on July 20th, 1764. Some of these lands were afterwards granted by the government and Council of New York to reduced officers and soldiers claiming his Majesty's bounty after the close of the French and Indian War (1 Doc. Hist, of N. Y. 365) which met with strenuous opposition on the part of the Green Mountain Boys. The tract so settled extended from Otter Creek to Malletts Bay and was the first permanent settlement in the valley, as the French had been unsuccess- ful in effecting a permanent settlement. Most of these lands were included in the New Hampshire grants. Some of these bounded on Otter Creek, or included Otter Creek in their boundaries.

In 1761, the Governor of New Hampshire granted a tract of land lying around the lower falls of Otter Creek to several persons, who settled there in 1769, and one of them, Mr. Pangborn, erected a sawmill at the falls. Soon after the erection of the mill, Lieutenant Colonel Ried, formerly in command of the 42nd Highlanders Regiment, obtained a large tract of land on the Otter Creek in Ver- mont in 1770, which he held under a grant from the Colony of New York. He forcibly drove off the New Hampshire settlers and put 15 families as his own tenants into posses-

sion. They built several log houses and a grist-mill, and they in turn were driven off by a party of Green Mountain Boys from Bennington in 1772. In June 1773, Col. Ried

persuaded a number of Scotch immigrants who had lately arrived in New York, to accompany him to Otter Creek 134 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY for the purpose of retaking possession of these lands, which they found in possession of other tenants, under the New Hampshire grants, but they were gotten rid of and Mr. Ried and his followers went into possession only to be driven off shortly thereafter by others, who burned their houses, des- troyed the grist-mill on August 1st, 1773, at the command, it was said by John Cameron, one of the tenants in an affidavit made by him September 25th, 1773, of Seth Warner, Remember Baker, one Allen and other persons unknown, called Baker's Expedition. They put the New Hampshire tenants again into possession of such lands. Col. Allen under direction of the Council of Safety in 1773, built a blockhouse at the lower falls of Otter Creek, which was known as New Haven Fort, where Capt. Ebenezer Allen was directed by the Council of Safety, in the winter of 1777, to take post with recruits to reconnoitre the woods, to watch the movement of the enemy and report them to this Council or officer commanding the troops in the North- ern Department. A further report may be found in the statement of James Henderson to Mr. Mclntosh of Crown Point, dated August 12th, 1773, of the ravages committed at Otter Creek on that occasion. (4 Doc. Hist. N. Y. 510).

Most of the Scotch settlers removed to the Mohawk valley, but, Donald Mclntosh and John Cameron remained. In 1771, Archibald Kennedy, a Captain of the Royal Navy, obtained a grant of land on the west side of Otter Creek.

Otter Creek was one of the routes frequented by ex- peditions passing over the Green Mountains to the Connecti- cut river. The French were thoroughly familiar with it, and English scouting parties were often seen in that terri- tory. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, and the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, gave peace for a time to the colo- nies. OTTER CREEK IN HISTORY 135

In April, 1730, James Coss described his journey from Fort Dummer to Lake Champlain. In his course he passed up along the Black river and then down to the Otter Creek, descending the latter in canoes, passed several falls before he reached the lake. This shows that the Otter Creek was one of the routes travelled by parties crossing the State from the Connecticut River to Lake Champlain at a very early date. In 1746 Otter Creek formed one of the highways for Canadian war parties passing up and down Lake Champlain and over the mountains and down Black River to a post known as Number Four, which was attacked four times by

Indians during that year. ( Parkman's "A Half Century of

Conflict" 2 Vol. p. 221). On the 12th day of August, 1746, Rigaud de Vaudreuil, with a fleet of canoes, carrying his army, as he named his forces, encamped at the mouth of Otter Creek on his pass- age from Montreal up the lake to repel the attack of the English and reached Fort Frederic the following day.

(Parkman's "A Half Century of Conflict" 2 vol. p. 235). In 1749 a party of 30 Indians was fitted out at Otter Creek, but there is no record of what became of them. In 1756, an English detachment captured two little bateaux belonging to the French, and eight men, at the mouth of Otter Creek, and thereupon Montcalm sent a de- tachment to reconnoitre the whole of that part of Otter Creek, to examine whether the English were not designing to form some settlement there. Otter Creek was the first halting place north from Crown Point and was frequented by expeditions passing up and down the lake during the French and British periods. On the night of the 22nd day of June, 1777, Captain Fraser under General Burgoyne with a considerable number of savages and some regular troops was ordered up the 136 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Otter Creek, with directions to go high on that river, to dis- perse manifestos, to purchase cattle from the inhabitants and join General Fraser at Chimney Point, which the Gen- eral reached on June 25th, 1777, where he was joined by Captain Fraser, June 28th. He had with him some prisoners but no cattle. He found that all the inhabitants of the country, through which he passed, were exceedingly dis- affected and had assisted in driving their cattle from the King's troops. In 1759, Col. James Montressor's plan of the campaign for the British forces provided for the dispatching of 3,000 men to Otter Creek, with proper tools, stores and provisions to build bateaux, and rafts, sufficient when required to cross Lake Champlain, and if possible to take post on one of the points of land that forms the opening of the Otter Creek, there to remain until orders shall be given, then to cross over. The reason for this was that it was believed that it would stop the enemy sending any reinforcements to Ticon- deroga. This distribution was to include 500 carpenters and bateaux builders, 1,000 New Hampshire Rangers and 1,500 Connecticut Provincials. This is an evidence of the strategic importance of Otter Creek in the estimation of James Montressor, Lieutenant and Chief Engineer for the Department of New York, stationed at New York, and dated December 29th, 1758. (10 Col. Hist, of N. Y. 911-912). This fell into possession of the French, (10 Col. Hist, of N. Y. 1091) and nothing further has been found in regard to it.

In November 1778, the British undertook to clear the shores of Lake Champlain of such inhabitants as were not loyal to their Government. The schooner Carlton with 16 guns, lay at the mouth of Otter Creek and many inhabi- tants of the territory were seized and taken on board and then to Sorel, where they were imprisoned. Only 48 escap- OTTER CREEK IN HISTORY 137

ed of the 244 inhabitants taken from the neighborhood of Lake Champlain on the two schooners, Maria and Carlton into Canada in November, 1778. Most of them languished I and died in prison. After the Treaty of Peace in 1783, the inhabitants were no longer molested and began to return to their farms. There were scattered settlements on the east side of

the lake, extending to the Canada line, but the inhabitants lived a rather precarious existence, owing to the incursions into the valley of hostile forces and to the rising tide of revolutionary sentiment, that was sweeping everything be- fore it. The occupation of Ticonderoga and Crown Point by the British, who had the only war vessel on the lake down to May 10th, 1775, was a constant menace to the settlements on the Otter Creek, which were at all times exposed to the attack. This caused some trepidation among the settlers there and on the Onion River and was one of the causes, that led to the capture of Ticonderoga on May 10th, 1775, by the Green Mountain Boys, and others commanded by Colonel Ethan Allen under a commission, issued by Capt. Edward Mott, Chairman of a Committee representing the Colony of Connecticut. Vergennes, situated on the first falls above the outlet of Otter Creek was chartered in 1778, only four years after Hartford and New Haven were incorporated. It is said that these were the three earliest incorporated cities in New England. Vergennes' early growth was due to its water power privileges and its commercial advantages, being in touch with commerce on Lake Champlain. Vessels sailed up the river to the falls, which were 37 feet in height and furnished power for grist mills, saw mills and other pur- poses. Walter H. Crockett in his history of Lake Cham- plain says, "An abundance of timber for shipbuilding was available, and iron could be obtained from the neighboring 138 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY town of Monkton. The industries of Vergennes included eight forges, a blast furnace, an air furnace, a rolling mill, a wire factory and grist, saw and fulling mills. Before hostilities opened in 1814, one thousand 32-pound cannon balls had been cast here for the American fleet."

One factory alone is said to have cast 177 tons of cannon shot for Macdonough. The shipyard of the Steam- boat Company of Lake Champlain, which preceded the pres- ent Champlain Transportation Company, was originally on Otter Creek and many of the facilities for small ship building purposes were afforded. The importance of the control of Lake Champlain in the War of 1812, was recognized by the British as well as Americans. After the battle of Lake Erie, both govern- ments turned to Lake Champlain to test their strength in a naval battle, which would either close or open up this natural highway to the invasion of the British from the St. Lawrence to the Hudson.

Admiral A. T. Mahan, says, that "when Macdonough took his command, in the autumn of 1812, there were only two gunboats, very small vessels indeed, propelled by oars, or sail, as need be. Six lake trading sloops, of a hundred tons each, had been brought for army transport, and those were directed to be turned over to him; but three proved unfit to carry guns, so that only three became naval vessels. Small as this force was, it was superior to the British, who had but one sloop; but the indiscreet action of a junior, running eagerly to attack before a fair breeze, heedless of possible necessity to retreat, brought two of the American sloops under the much superior fire of land troops, in a position at the narrow outlet of the lake, whence they could not retire against the wind. Having to surrender, superi- ority was transferred to the enemy. This was in June, 1813. Eight weeks later, a British officer at Quebec, Cap- OTTER CREEK IN HISTORY 139 tain Everard, brought up the crew of his ship, manned the far as captured sloop, and ravaged the shore as Burlington. Chub The two sloops remained British, under the names and Finch and took part in the battle." the lake at that It is possible that one of the vessels on time is the one referred to as having a nine pound cannon, of the which was lost, by Governor Tompkins' statement losses to the legislature on April 1st, 1813. Early in the year 1814, Commodore Macdonough be- gan the construction of a fleet at the shipyard at Vergennes on Otter Creek, infra corpus comitatus. In a statement written by Noah Brown for members of his family, it appears that he was born in the State of New York, 1770, became first a carpenter and then a ship- builder and that he was employed by the Government to build both the Perry and Macdonough fleets. In speaking

of the latter he says : "In March, 1814, he received orders from the Govern- ment to proceed to Lake Champlain, and there built a ship and nine gunboats, and do what Commodore MacDonough thought proper to be able to meet the British fleet on the lake. I proceeded on to Lake Champlain to the city of Virgil, (Vergennes) set up a ship 180 feet keel and 36 feet beam, which was furnished, and nine gunboats and a schooner that was set up for a steamboat, and repaired all

the old fleet, and the Commodore thought he had force plenty to meet the English, and we with all our men, re- turned to New York. About the last of June we received orders from Washington to proceed to Virgil to build a brig to carry twenty-four guns (long twenty- fours). This order was required to be executed as soon as possible. My brother started the day after the receipt of the letter with two hundred mechanics and proceeded on to Virgains (Ver- gennes), and I forwarded all the materials as fast as pos- 140 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

sible, and they all arrived in time, and the Brig Eagle was put up and launched on the nineteenth day after my brother's arrival there, and it was fifty-five days after the letter was written at Washington that the battle was fought in Platts- burgh, and the Brig Eagle was in that engagement, and I have no doubt that if she had not been there, the battle would have been on the other side victorious and we should have lost the fort as well as the fleet. My brother de- livered the brig to the fleet five days before the battle was fought." In a communication under date of March, 1814, Gover- nor Tompkins of New York urged the Secretary of the Navy to purchase the steamboat building at Vergennes and equip it as a war vessel. He said: "At this time she is capable of being equipped as a war vessel, with very little alteration, and to be so bulwarked, without impeding her navigation, as to protect vessel, machinery and men from the assaults of row galleys or other vessels. She may be made to carry 4 long 32-pounders, and ten, twelve or eighteen, at an expense at the utmost of $37,500, including the price above mentioned. The importance of such a vessel on Lake Champlain is obvious. She can move when no other vessel can, is at all times capable of firing hot- shot, can tow galleys or other boats in a calm, will require but one hundred men at most, for the 14 guns above men- tioned and to navigate her, whilst the same number of guns in row galleys, although they will cost less, will require 250 men at least. She will transport men and warlike stores, and tow bateaux, etc., with more certainty and in less time than they can otherwise be conveyed down Lake Cham- plain." That advice, however, was not followed by the Secretary of the Navy, which would have given Commlodore Mac- donough the first battleship, propelled by steam in the world. OTTER CREEK IN HISTORY 141

The flotilla at Vergennes consisted of one ship with 26 guns, one schooner with 20 guns, two sloops with 8 guns each, six row galleys with 2 guns each and four gun- boats with 1 gun each. These small vessels in comparison with modern battle- ships and dreadnaughts remind us of the toy boats des- cribed by Horace in his letter to Lollius, in which he says,

to adopt Philip Francis' translation thereof :

"Lollius, though all your action rise From judgment regularly wise, Yet oft at home you can unbend,

And even to trifling Sports descend. Your little boats, with mimic Rage, Like Actium's mighty Fleets engage; Your Lake, like Adria's Ocean spread, The adverse War your Brother leads, Till Victory her Wings display, And crown the Conquerer of the Day."

On April llth, 1814, General James Wilkinson advised Commodore Macdonough to erect a strong battery at the mouth of Otter Creek, promising the co-operation of Gen- eral Macomb. From April 16th to April 20th, General James Wilkinson and Governor Chittenden were both at Vergennes and the site of the proposed battery was agreed upon. General Macdonough was ordered to send a force of 500 men to Vergennes. Captain Thornton was ordered from Burlington with a detachment of light artillary and manned the battery at the mouth of Otter Creek with seven 12-pounders on sea-car- riages, and two hundred men. Lieutenant Stephen Cassin was placed in command of the battery. He was the son of Commodore John Cassin, 142 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

of the U. S. Navy, born at Philadelphia, February 16th, 1783. He was afterwards placed in command of The Ticonderoga, which sustained its full share of the naval en- gagement and its commandant was awarded a gold medal by Congress. Lieutenant Cassin was the recipient of other honors, for his gallant services at Fort Cassin and in the naval engagement. The assault on Fort Cassin is described substantially as follows in the Proceedings of the Governors and Council

of Vermont, (6 vol. p. 502). On May 14th, a little before sunrise, the British fleet, consisting of a bomb-sloop and 18 galleys, commenced a heavy and spirited fire on the battery at the mouth of Otter Creek, known afterwards as Fort Cassin, which was returned by the battery, in which some of the militia from the town of Addison and other towns in the neighborhood, aided. Com- modore Macdonough promptly came down the river with his new sloop of war and several galleys and in an hour and a half the enemy was forced to retreat without the Ameri- cans losing a man or suffering any injury. The British lost two fine rowboats. After their repulse, their galleys crossed over and entered the Boquet River to seize some government stores, and on returning they were fired upon by a body of the New York Militia, hastily gathering and nearly all the men in the last galley were killed or wounded. A few days afterwards Macdonough entered the lake with his fleet and anchored in Cumberland Bay, the scene subse- quently of his great victory. The British version of the attack on Fort Cassin by the British squadron under command of Captain Daniel Pring is contained in a report of Captain Pring to Lieutenant Colonel Williams from H. M. sloop, Linnet, in substance as follows: OTTER CREEK IN HISTORY 143

Little Otter Creek, May 14, 1814. My dear Colonel: You will be sorry to hear that continued southerly winds kept me from reaching Otter Creek until this morn- for re- ing, as it gave the enemy so much time to prepare ceiving me, that I found it impracticable to effect what I proposed to you before leaving the island. A battery of three long twelve-pounder guns and one field piece was placed on the point north of the entrance which the gunboats commanded at daybreak this morning, I effect I have not the least doubt but think with great ; and that we should have succeeded in taking it by storm, but as the ground immediately in the rear and on the opposite side of the river perfectly commanded the point, the enemy having a number of men laying in ambush at both places, I deemed it imprudent to prosecute my intended plan; be- ing most fully convinced from the situation of the place

that it could not be tenable ; or that we should have a chance of succeeding in blocking up the channel without a sufficient land force to keep the enemy from skirting the woods at the entrance.

One seaman was killed and two marines slightly wounded in the gunboats. The battery appeared to be strongly manned by artillerymen, and the enemy's gunboats were there with many seamen landed. I think I had a view of my adversary, Commodore Macdonough. Every tree on the lake shore seems to have a Johnathan stationed behind it and all the military posts and towns are in a dreadful consternation hourly expecting an attack. By two prisoners taken in a small vessel from Ver- gennes, I learn that the enemy's large ship has got mounted eight long 18 pr. guns and twenty 32 pr. carronades, her rails bent, and wanting only her breechings and tackles to complete her for taking the lake. 144 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Commodore Macdonough had a month since received authority to purchase the steamboat building at Vergennes to be fitted as a vessel of war, she has been strengthened and fitted for that purpose, has got 11 posts of a side and was to be launched Thursday last. They state her to be a very fine looking vessel, and is to be rigged as a brig carry- ing six long 12 pr. guns and sixteen 32 pr. carronades, a captain has arrived from Boston to command her, and brought with him a strong party of seamen, making their number at present about 500. The complement in the ship is 160 the brig 120 exclusive of soldiers to serve as marines. All the sloops excepting the Commodore Preble and Montgomery are to be sold out of the government service, the former one is to carry ten 18 pr. carronades and one 18 pr. Columbia gun, with a company of 60 seamen and the latter two carronades less with 50 seamen beside mariners. The six new gunboats, which are nearly ready as well as the four old ones, which we saw this morning are to have 100 seamen attached to them, to be completed with soldiers and placed under the command of Lieutenant Kettleters of the Navy. The ship is called the Jones, length of keel 135 feet, breadth abeam 35 the brig, name unknown, length of keel 112 feet, breadth 32 feet 6 inches, they are expected to be ready and to come out in a week or ten days, I think this information may be relied on ex- cepting that as they have had so much difficulty in procur- ing heavy guns for the ship it is more probable that the brig will have those mounted, which have been taken from the three dismantled sloops and indeed one of the prisoners tells me that it is intended, as a temporary arrangement. After looking into Burlington and Plattsburgh I intend returning with the Province line, to be able immediately to give every assistance in my power for building the new ship, and I hope if it is in your power you will have the OTTER CREEK IN HISTORY 145

goodness to allow any artificers there may be in the regi- ments stationed at the post under your command to be employed for that purpose. The builder feels assured that she can be completed by the latter end of July. The marines with the sloops (Merchant) under con- voy of the Canada will return to the Island without loss of time, the officers and men deserve the greatest praise for their steady and cool conduct whilst cannonading the battery within grape distance, and for their spirit in volun- teering the storm of it; indeed they have evidenced the greatest cheerfulness in executing every service that has been required of them, whilst undergoing such fatigue, and suffering from being exposed to the continued rainy weather which we have experienced since leaving Isle aux Noix. Believe me my dear Colonel I feel very sensibly the extent of the obligation under my command on quitting the Island, which will always be remembered by Yours very sincerely, DAN PRING. Lt. Col Williams

&c., &c., &c.

PUBLIC ARCHIVES, SERIES C. 683. WAR, 1812. 2, 1814, p. 160. H. M. Sloop, Linnet. Off Burlington, 14 May 1814. Sir:

With the view of carrying into effect the spirit of your instructions of the 15th of April, recommending that a vigorous attempt should be made to destroy the enemy's naval preparations for ascendancy on Lake Champlain; I sailed from Isle aux Noix on the 8th inst. with the Chub

Finch Canada, the flotilla of gunboats, a tender with pro- 10 146 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY visions and two merchant vessels in company for the pur- pose of attacking the enemy's force laying in the Otter Creek near Vergennes, if found practicable; or otherwise to block up the channel near the entrance of it, so as to prevent them from being able to get out when ready for taking the lake. Continued southerly winds prevented my reaching the place of destination until this morning, which gave the enemy so much time for preparing to receive an attack, that I found it impossible to effect either object without the co-operation of a military force. A battery of three long 12 pr. guns and one field piece was placed on the point north of the entrance, which the gunboats commenced cannonading at daybreak with great effect, and at 5 A. M., the Linnet was swept within range for the purpose of covering them in landing, having previously determined to storm the battery with their crews, but on reconnoitring the situation of it closely in the gig, I found that it was perfectly commanded in the rear and on the opposite side by higher ground thickly wooded, which was occupied by a number of the enemy's troops and being convinced that the point could not be tenable, or that we should have a chance of blocking up the channel or advancing against the enemy's vessels laying seven miles up the creek, without a sufficient land force to keep their troops from skirting the woods at the entrance and on each

side, I deemed it imprudent to prosecute my intended plan, and as the superior naval force of the enemy will be ready for coming out in a few days, I purpose returning within the Province line after visiting the several military posts on the hke shore.

One seaman was killed and two marines slightly wounded in the gunboats. They were manned by a de- tachment of 120 men from the first battalion and 60 sea- men. The officers and men serving in them deserved the OTTER CREEK IN HISTORY 147 greatest praise for their steady and cool conduct whilst cannonading the battery and enemy's gunboats within grape distance and for their spirit in volunteering the storm of it. I beg leave to enclose a statement of the enemy's naval force at Vergennes as received from two persons who left it on Saturday last, which I have every reason to credit, being corroborated by many different sources of informa- tion.

I have the honor to be,

Sir, Your most obedient humble servant, D. PRING, Captain. To COMMODORE SIR JAMES L. YEO KR. Commander in Chief

&c., &c., &c. Kingston.

The foregoing records are from the Public Archives, Series C. 683. War, 1812. 2, 1814, pages 160-164. Otter Creek did not entirely lose its strategic and com- mercial importance after the War of 1812. There was erected on its banks the Champlain Arsenal, wherein were stored munitions of war, as late as the Civil War. The Lake Champlain Steamboat Company did not re- move its shipyard to Shelburne until 1820. In recent years Otter Creek has been navigated as far as Vergennes by small lake craft. It is possible that its channel may be im- proved sufficiently to admit of navigation by thousand ton barges, which are to navigate the barge canals of New York, fast nearing completion. Navigable communication may thus be established between Vergennes and New York and Otter Creek, which from prehistoric times has been one of 148 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY the important navigable tributaries of historic Lake Cham- plain, may again become an important highway of com- merce. The occasion is opportune to awaken public inter- est in this project and to impress upon the Secretary of the Navy and all others in attendance at this celebration, that appropriations be made to rectify and deepen the channel of this beautiful, but winding river and restore to it the commanding position, it so long held, in the commercial ac- tivities of the north-eastern portion of the territory now comprising the United States. In conclusion let me apply to this historic "Otter Creek" the apostrophe of the poet, Denham, to another river: "O, could I flow like thee, and make thy stream

My great example, as it is my theme ! clear not dull Though deep, yet ; though gentle, yet ; Strong without rage, without o'erflowing full."

.MOTHOUOH .H 3OHO3O

t Y^ioo8 IfiDhoteiH JnorrroV arij io Jndbi

.0X81 cpg baiCI .OS8I ,1^ ^ GEORGE F. HOUGHTON,

President ofcthe Vermont Historical Society, 1869-1870.

Born May 31, 1820. Died Sept. 22, 1870. One Thousand Men

by

Dorman B. E. Kent

January 1, 1914.

One Thousand Men

The pride taken by a man in his own achievements is a natural one. When overdone it is conceit, when well and done it is a strong factor in the attainment of success when underdone it is sometimes a contributing cause to a complete lack of ambition or confidence. The kind of pride a man takes or enjoys in his own success is felt also, per- in success haps at times in a slightly modified manner, the his im- of his offspring, his brother or of any member of mediate family. Carried still further the pride arising from the knowl- edge that one's locality, one's town, one's city, one's county, or one's state, has done well its part in producing men of attainments and all around solidity is a worthy one and must be shared by all normally minded individuals every- where. It has long been said and said truthfully that the men who came from Vermont have ever shown an exceeding desire to let the fact be well heralded and have pointed al- ways with pride to the "men from home" who either there or elsewhere have made names for themselves of state wide or national importance. . Nearly every state in the land has, scattered within its borders, state societies whose membership is composed solely of men or women, or both, who were born in some other particular commonwealth. Few of these are gener- ally more alive than Vermont societies and the latter's mem- bers are and always have been soundly loyal to each other as well as to the land of their nativity. It has long been said also that few states have produced as many prominent men in proportion to their population as has Vermont. 152 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Men of distinction are met everywhere every day whose early home and training are found to have been in the little Commonwealth of Vermont, away up next to Canada in the far northeastern part of the country, ranking forty- third in area with its sister states and with now, as it has always had, a very small number of men and women in its confines, any one of fifteen cities in the United States today exceeding, in fact, the total population of Vermont. But who all these men have been or are, just what they have done, what towns in Vermont they went from, their proportion to the other less well known natives of their home state and their state's percentage as compared with other states in its gifts to the world, have never to the author's knowledge been chronicled to any extent. The book first published by the Vermont Bureau of Publicity in 1913 under the name of "Vermont, the Land of the Green Mountains" and written by Walter Hill Crockett, in dealing with each town gives in many instances a few of the men of that town who were or are well known else- where.

The author of the work which follows had long had such an idea in mind on a larger scale and taking the former book as a nucleus there has been prepared the material which appears in these pages. To accumulate the facts I have consulted page by page, Appleton's Encyclopedia of American Biography, the National Encyclopedia of American Biography, Nelson's Encyclopedia, the Encyclopedia Americana, the 1906 and 1913 editions of Who's Who in America, the 1909 edition of Who's Who in New England, Oilman's Bibliography of Vermont and some half dozen books dealing largely with prominent Vermonters who have remained in the State. In addition to the above mentioned works some thirty-five Vermont town histories, the File of the Vermonter, Hemen- ONE THOUSAND MEN 153 way's Gazetteer, Child's Gazetteer and numerous other sources have given up, now here, now there, other names to swell the fold. Women have not been included in this work for while Vermont has indeed produced a few women who have made names of state wide and in a few rare cases of national importance, most lines of work which lend strong distinc- tion having in the past been more or less closed to women, there have appeared here at least, few names to have been employed in a work such as this. Neither have there been included by any means all the names of native Vermonters met with in encyclopedias and other high authorities usually discriminating, but the author eliminated instead as was thought best, being determined that the completed result should show only, either men all men have heard of, or men one could easily find to have stood high in their chosen vocations and communities. One thousand men have been found of whom about eighty-two percent left Vermont to perform their life work. It is not claimed by any manner of means that the name of every man born in Vermont who has attained high prominence can be found in these pages. The author early found from experience that they were indeed an elusive lot, many of both the earlier and later ones of whom every man knows by reputation having been "caught" when the list was supposed to have been completed. The writer well knows there are scores of Vermonters of solidity and high prominence not only in their adopted cities but states as well who combine with their ability a certain shrinking from publicity as far as possible, which tendency prevents their family history or birthplace appear- ing in the public print except on rare occasions and it is such men as these, generally men who have succeeded in 164 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

business rather than in the professions whose names will be found lacking in this work. But considering the long and high list of authorities consulted together with the extreme care taken, one can be reasonably certain that a very large share of all of Ver- mont's most prominent sons is set forth in this treatise. The most perplexing part of the whole problem was to determine just who of the thousands of our able sons fell short of measuring up to the full standard of "the most prominent Vermonters."

Not being paid in cold, hard money by any aspirant for a niche in the Hall of Fame, a copy of the work and a few extra steel engravings thrown in, the dividing line has all along been hard to determine and it can be assured that no two minds would select exactly the same thousand men but after long consultation with men whose opinions are sound and solid the writer has been led to believe that the dividing line has been as sensibly drawn as most men would desire. In selecting the Vermont men who have stood high in their own State there have been considered with some few excep- tions only men who have held prominent State positions such as Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, United States Congressmen, United States Senators, Secretaries of State, State Treasurers, Speakers of the House of Representa- tives, or men who have managed the few large businesses or corporations which have been carried on in Vermont and the list closes as of Jan. 1, 1914. The one thousand men first began to see the light of day in 1768 and one birth in 1879 completes the list bridging a span of one hundred and twelve years. The dates of birth are known of nine hundred and thirty-nine, of whom three hundred and forty-nine were born in the first half and five hundred and ninety in the last half of the period. Eighty- five were born prior to 1800 and the year of all years which ONE THOUSAND MEN 155 gave birth to the greatest number was 1843 with twenty-six. The first man ever born in Vermont who reached a position of sufficient importance to admit his name to any encyclo- pedia of biography was Jonathan Hatch Hubbard, born in Windsor in 1768 who became a United States congressman from Vermont and a Judge of her Supreme Court and it is a peculiar fact that the third man born in this State, who attained prominence was a full blooded negro named Prince Saunders, born in Thetford in 1775, a man who became an author, a lawyer and attorney-general of Hayti. Vermont, always extremely small in colored population, has produced no other man of ability from that race. Ver- mont stands to-day forty-third in area and forty-third 'n population among her sister states. Her population in 1910 was 355,956 and for half a century it has remained com- paratively stationary. When she was admitted to the Union she was the fourteenth state and the twelfth in population. During the last one hundred and twenty years she has ever been one of the least populated states and during all that time she has been sending her sons by tens and scores and hundreds out into the world to take high places in other communities and win for themselves names of honor else- where. It has been thought best to publish here a short synopsis of some of the more prominent facts to be gleaned from the pages which follow, while from the entire work the idea is easily established and the fact sustained that the greatest men in the land are very often reared in rural communities and that an early environment possessing limited advantages has never prevented ability from as- serting itself and finding its true place in the work of the world. Vermont has then produced twenty-five chief jus- tices for sixteen states and territories, nine for herself, two for Illinois and one each for North Dakota, Washington, Michigan, New Hampshire, Iowa, Minnesota, Alabama, In- 156 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

diana, the District of Columbia, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Ne- vada, Massachusetts and California.

Not counting the above she has furnished fifty asso- ciate justices of the supreme court for seventeen states and territories, twenty-four for herself, four for New York, three each for New Hampshire and Massachusetts, two each for California, the District of Columbia and Ohio, and one

each for Idaho, New Mexico, Dakota, Illinois, Minnesota, Arizona, Maryland, Maine, North Dakota and the Philip- pines. She has given to the nation twenty- four United States senators from fourteen states, ten from Vermont, two from Wisconsin and one each from! Nebraska, Louisiana, Maine,

Utah, Michigan, Minnesota, Arkansas, Illinois, Colorado, North Dakota, New Hampshire and Indiana. In her borders have been born one hundred and thirty- one United States congressmen for twenty-eight states of whom thirty-two went from Vermont, twenty-three from New York, twelve from Michigan, eight from Ohio, seven each from Wisconsin, Massachusetts and New Hampshire, five each from Minnesota and Pennsylvania, four from Iowa, two each from' Indiana, Kansas and Illinois, and one each from Idaho, Missouri, Arizona, Dakota, Rhode Island, Vir- ginia, New Jersey, Tennessee, North Dakota, South Dakota, Louisiana, Washington, Maryland, California and Connecti- cut. She has given forty-six governors to sixteen states and territories, twenty-seven to herself, three to New Hampshire, two each to Indiana and Iowa and one each to Nevada, Alaska, Ohio, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Michigan, Utah, New York, Colorado, Dakota, South Dakota and Louisiana. She has given to the church six bishops and one archbishop. In her confines have been born sixty-three editors of news- papers or magazines, who outside of Vermont have pre- sided over periodicals all of which possessed more than ONE THOUSAND MEN 167

their state-wide prominence. Two hundred and ninety-two of her sons have been authors of from one to sixty sub- stantial volumes each, all of which have taken their place with the good literature of the world. She has furnished the nation with thirty-three brigadier-generals and eleven major-generals in the army and to the navy she has given one captain, one commodore and nine rear-admirals and one admiral. Forty-nine presidents of colleges and universi-

ties have been born in Vermont as well as twelve artists,

seven musical composers, three architects and four sculptors,

all of unusual ability. Eight district judges for seven states and territories were born here, two for Vermont and one each for Iowa, Hawaii, Missouri, Michigan, Minnesota, and Florida. One hundred and one capitalists using the word in its broadest definition were born within these boundaries, nearly half of whom became millionaires and here were born also forty railroad presidents. Vermont has given to the nation three fathers of a President of the United States, two unsuccessful candi- dates for President, one President, one Vice-President, two chaplains of the United States Senate, one chaplain of the House of Congress, three secretaries of war, two of the in- terior, and one of the treasury, one postmaster-general, one attorney-general, an assistant secretary of war, and one also of the navy, the interior and the treasury, two registrars of the treasury, one chief examiner of the bureau of pen- sions, one commissioner-general of immigration, a chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission, three commission- ers of patents and one secretary to the President. Here have been born United States ministers and am- bassadors to Spain, England, Switzerland, Venezuela, Aus- tria, Germany, Siam, Argentina, Panama, Colombia, Chili,

Turkey, Uraguay and Paraguay, Italy, France and Russia. 158 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Vermont has furnished one United States commissioner to

Samoa, one chief justice of Samoa, a governor-general of the Philippines, an insular governor of the Philippines, two

mayors of New York city, a president of the New York Produce Exchange, of the New York Stock Exchange and of the New York Clearing House, an attorney-general of Hayti, a United States consul-general at London and the director-general of the Pan-American Union. Here too were born the founder of the Mormon church, the translater for the founder of the discovered book, a Mormon bishop and two presidents of the Mormon church, a president of the Postal Telegraph Company, the founder and father of civil service reform in this country, a presi- dent of the New York Life Insurance Company, two of the National Life, and one of the Home Life, a legal adviser to the Emperor of Japan, a president-general of the Sons of the American Revolution, the founder of the Adams Ex- press Company, the originator of the "patent insides" news- paper, the builder of the "Monitor," the first man to make Bessemer steel in America, a preacher of Lincoln's funeral sermon, the inventor of the time-lock, the saw for sawing marble, the saw for sawing granite, the cook stove, electric motor, gimlet pointed screw, refrigerator car and the car- penter's square, the builder of the first elevated railroad in New York and the founder of the New York World. The list might be long continued but enough appears above to give some idea of the standing and records of the sons of Vermont while a careful reading of the pages which follow cannot but convince that the State in proportion to

its population ranks, in its gifts of ability, the first in the land.

It has now been some years since an encyclopedia pure- ly of American biography has been struck from the press and in its stead to some considerable degree, have appeared ONE THOUSAND MEN 159 from time to time succeeding editions of a work called "Who's Who in America." The publishers of this work aim to and do give as well as it can be done, the majority of the names and records of all the living men and women in this country who have in their professions or chosen vocations attained to positions in advance of their fellows. Employing, then, the 1913 edition we discover that all the states of the United States have produced sixteen thousand four hundred and sixteen of the living men and women mentioned in the work.

Using these figures as a basis we find that Vermont with an output of three hundred and fifty-nine stands four- teenth in total relative production of children of ability and yet in 1860, in population her place was the twenty-eighth in the then thirty-three states, and today she ranks forty- second in population and forty-third in area. Always one of the very smallest of the commonwealths in both population and area, the percentage to her present population of her living sons and daughters mentioned to- day in "Who's Who in America" is exceeded by no state or territory in the whole land. It may, however, be truthfully said that the men found in "Who's Who in America" were not all born in the year 1910, in any other one year, one decade or indeed in the same half century. Granting this it can be safely assumed that out of thousands who have attained prominence, while there may be many exceptions, an average age of forty-three years would certainly see the vast majority of these people at a point in their life work where their names would have be- come widely known. Counting back then forty-three years from 1913 to 1870, the year in which they could have been born and now have been included in this work, we find that Vermont 160 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY has produced one man or woman of high prominence to every nine hundred and twenty of her population in the latter year, being exceeded in the United States on that basis, only by the District of Columbia with one to each eight hundred and seventy-two and by the State of Massa- chusetts with one to seven hundred and ninety-nine. But cannot we explain the lead enjoyed over all others by the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ? The District of Columbia has for a century been inhabited by a large class of men standing high in the nation and representative in ability, men whose sons, by heredity, by environment and by good fortune have been assisted together with their ability, early and easily to positions of prominence and solidity. And while there could be found few men who would not thrill with satisfac- tion in the record of Massachusetts, the mother of New England whose good blood for three centuries has filled the entire Nation, West, East, North and South, one fact must be borne in mind.

While she does not lead all the states in proportion to her present population as does Vermont, in the produc- tion of eminent sons, she does lead in proportion to her population in 1870 and the following may explain the cause. For decade after decade Massachusetts had then been and has been since, a center of literature, of art, of educa- tion, of refinement, of prosperity and of advance in every good motive. Her schools long the leaders, have never been second to any in this country and she has ever well given every advantage that could be discovered to her young and to her adult citizens. In all this she has done nobly a duty and the number of splendid men who have been born and reared within her confines attests well the fact. But what of her neighbor, the State of Vermont? Far, far smaller in population, with ONE THOUSAND MEN 161 absolutely no large centers of culture and advantage, as have been scattered thickly through Massachusetts, sorely lacking in wealth, her population largely rural and well separated, with little incentive to a life beyond the narrow valleys in which they were hemmed, the little red or white or brown schoolhouse being until recent times the only source of education for the great majority with all these disadvantages the little State of Vermont has sent forth a tremendous array of able men. We find that since 1790, Vermont has produced over nine hundred men of the very highest prominence. The mean of her population over that period has been about two hundred and twenty thousand and the mean of the population of the entire country over the same century and a quarter has been forty-seven millions. Had, then, all the United States reared ability in the same proportion as has Vermont about twenty-three thousand men and women born in this country since 1790, should appear in the American encyclopedia of biography today and "Who's Who in America" mentions but some sixteen thousand five hundred and in Appleton's Encyclopedia of Biography published some few years since, we find less than eleven thousand native born Americans.

The early days of this Commonwealth were rife with the strife for liberty. Denied an independent existence our fathers shouldered their muskets, met in convention and then and there and all along by every word and deed in- sisted that they must be heard, they must be recognized, they must be independent. No other state in the Union was born in such bitter- ness or nourished with such contention, and through it all our ancesters acted like men.

It can absolutely be proven that the old Commonwealth of Vermont, always one of the smallest in population ranks 11 162 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

according to her strength first and foremost in her gifts to the world. At no time down through the late decades can but one state lead her in proportion to her population in illustrious sons and Massachusetts has all along held closely her own, while over eighty-two percent, of the prominent men born in Vermont have gone out from her borders to win fame and fortune in other lands. Other states have claimed the fruit of their labors and other states have adopted them but the fact must ever re- main that on these rock ribbed hills and in these narrow valleys their fathers toiled and lived and here their fathers

lie.

Here the sons were born and received their early train- ing and almost without an exception these sons have ever

looked back and pointed back with a pride well justified to the scenes of their nativity and youth. To have been born in the State of Vermont is a credit to any man.

That there must be errors in dates in the list which follows, the author is absolutely aware. Any compilation as large and drawn from so many sources is liable in in- stances to mistake and I can only state that my own part has been done as carefully as possible. The errors of others I cannot answer for, my own I will assume without further comment. ONE THOUSAND MEN 163

THE STANDING OF VERMONT IN 1913 AS COM- PARED IN EACH INSTANCE TO TWENTY- ONE STATES.

The twenty-two leading states from "Who's Who in America" for 1913 and from the census of 1910.

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1 164 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

The twenty-two leading states from "Who's Who in America" for 1913 and from the census of 1870.

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1 ONE THOUSAND MEN 165

The twenty-two leading states from "Who's Who in America" for 1913 and from the census of 1910.

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I 1 ? 166 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

The Nativity by Counties and Towns of Ver- mont's Foremost Men NATIVITY BY COUNTIES.

1 Windsor 188 2 Windham 115 3 Rutland 87 4 Orange 85 5 Washington 82 6 Chittenden 77 7 Addison 70 8 Franklin 65 9 Bennington 61 10 Caledonia 59 11 Orleans 32 12 Lamoille 22 13 Grand Isle 10 14 Essex 8 Unassigned 39

Total 1,000

NATIVITY BY TOWNS.

Addison 2 Bennington 22 Albany 2 Benson 5 Alburgh 5 Berkshire 11 Andover 4 Berlin 3 Arlington 3 Bethel 4 Athens 5 Bloomfield 1

Bakersfield 3 Bolton 1 Barnard 7 Bradford 5 Barnet 8 Braintree 2 Barrc 6 Brandon 13

Barton . . 2 Brattleboro . ..24 ONE THOUSAND MEN 167

Bridgewater 4 Fairfax 4 Bridport 2 Fairfield 5 Bristol 3 Fair Haven 2 Brookfield 2 Fairlee 4 Brownmgton 4 Ferrisburg 4 Burke 2 Fletcher 3 Burlington 35 Franklin 3 Cabot 6 Georgia 5 Calais 6 Glover 1 Cambridge 3 Grafton 7 Castleton 2 Grand Isle 1

Cavendish 11 Granville 1

Charleston 1 Greensboro 2

Charlotte 4 Groton 1 Chelsea 9 Guildhall 3 Chester 15 Guilford 8

Chittenden 1 Halifax 6 Clarendon 7 Hardwick 7

Colchester 1 Hartford 16 Concord 4 Hartland 5 Corinth 4 Highgate 6 Cornwall 7 Hinesburg 5 Coventry 2 Holland 2 Craftsbury 1 Huntington 1 Danby 1 Hyde Park 1 Danville 6 Irasburg 1 Derby 6 Isle La Motte 2 Dorset 5 Jamaica 4 Dover 1 Jericho 3 Dummerston 3 Johnson 4 Eden 3 Landgrove 1 Elmore 2 Leicester 2 Enosburg 4 Lincoln 1 Essex 2 Londonderry 3 168 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Lowell 2 Pomf ret 10 Ludlow 6 Poultney 7 Lyndon 2 Pownal 2 Manchester 11 Putney 3 Marshfield 2 Randolph 15 Middlebury 18 Reading 3

Middlesex 1 Readsboro 1 Middletown 2 Richford 2

Milton 6 Richmond 1

Monkton 1 Rochester 4 Montgomery 1 Rockingham 10 Montpelier 27 Roxbury 1 Moretown 3 Royalton 9 Morgan 1 Rupert 3 Morristown 7 Rutland 17 Mt. Holly 2 Ryegate 4 Mt. Tabor 1 St. Albans 11 Newbury 10 St. George 1 Newfane 10 St. Johnsbury 13 New Haven 5 Salem 1 Newport 2 Salisbury 4 Northfield 6 Sandgate 3 North Hero 1 Shaftsbury 5 Norwich 15 Sharon 4 Orange 2 Sheffield 1 Orwell 5 Shelburne 3

Panton 1 Sheldon 3 Pawlet 6 Shoreham 7 Peacham 6 Shrewsbury 2 Peru 1 Somerset 1

Pittsfield 1 South Hero 1

Pittsford 7 Springfield 11 Plainfield 3 Stamford 1 Plymouth 2 Stockbridge 7 ONE THOUSAND MEN

Stowe 1 Waterford 3 Stratford 3 Waterville 2

Stratton 1 Weathersfield 7 Sudbury 1 Wells 2 Sunderland 1 Westfield 2 Sutton 2 Westford 4 Swanton 4 Westminster 8 Thetford 12 Weston 3 Tinmouth 4 Weybridge 1 Topsham 5 Wheelock 2 Townshend 3 Whiting 1 Tunbridge 3 Whitingham 6

Underbill 1 Williamstown . 6 Vergennes 5 Williston 9 Vernon 2 Wilmington 4

Vershire 3 Windham 1 Waitsfield 7 Windsor 22

Walden 2 Winhall 1

Wallingford 4 Woodbury 1

Wardsboro 6 Woodford 1

Waterbury 10 Woodstock ...... 19

NATIVITY GRADED BY TOWNS HAVING FIVE OR MORE.

Burlington 35 Randolph 15 Montpelier 27 Brandon 13 Brattleboro 24 St. Johnsbury 13 Bennington 22 Thetford 12 Windsor 22 Berkshire ..11 Woodstock 19 Cavendish .11 Middlebury 18 Manchester 11 Rutland 17 St. Albans 11

Hartford 16 Springfield 11 Chester 15 Newbury 10 Norwich ..15 Newfane ...... 10 170 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Pomf ret 10 Derby 6 Rockingham 10 Halifax 6 Waterbury 10 Highgate 6 Chelsea 9 Ludlow 6 Royalton 9 Milton 6 Williston 9 Northneld 6 Barnet 8 Pawlet 6 Guilford 8 Peacham 6 Westminster 8 Wardsboro 6 Barnard 7 Whitingham 6 Clarendon 7 Williamstown 6 Cornwall 7 Alburg 5 Grafton 7 Athens 5 Hardwick 7 Benson 5 Morristown 7 Bradford 5 Pittsford 7 Dorset 5 Poultney 7 Fairfield 5 Shoreham 7 Georgia 5 Stockbridge 7 Hartland 5 Waitsfield 7 Hinesburg 5 Weathersfield 7 New Haven 5 Barre 6 Orwell 5 Cabot 6 Shaftsbury 5 Calais 6 Topsham 5

Danville . . 6 Vergennes 5

The above seventy-two towns gave six hundred and eighty-three and the remaining one hundred and twenty-eight towns out of the two hundred represented gave three hun- dred and seventeen. ONE THOUSAND MEN 171

The List of Prominent Vermonters

ADDISON.

August 4, 1843. Josiah Henry Benton. A leading lawyer of Massachusetts, author of the Benton Geneology and other works. August 4, 1846. Silas Gamaliel Pratt. Author and musical composer, a director in the United States and abroad. ALBANY.

February 6, 1845. Willard Wesbery Miles. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1905-1906, Chief of Superior Judges of Vermont, 1906-1914.

August 17, 1856. Nelson Alvin McClary. Capitalist. President of the Northwestern Gas Light and Coke Co., and of the De Kalb County Gas Co. of Chicago. President General of the Sons of the American Revolution. ALBURG.

1815. Lucien W. Berry. President of De Pauw University and of the Iowa Wesleyan College.

October 1, 1846. Henry Thomas Reed. United States District Judge in Iowa, 1904-1914. January 27, 1851. Abel Mix Phelps. Physician and Surgeon. Professor in the University of Vermont and the University of New York. Presi- dent of the American Orthopedic Association and of the New York State Medical Society. 172 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

January 1, 1856. Willis Sweet. United States Attorney for Idaho, 1888, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Idaho, 1889, and a Congressman from the State. May 5, 1857. Darwin Pearl Kingsley. President of the New York Life Insurance Co., 1907- 1914. ANDOVER.

June 16, 1804. Alvin Adams. The founder of the Adams Express Co. July 13, 1821. Ira S. Hazeltine. Congressman from Missouri. March 6, 1826. John Brainard Mansfield. Author of a history of the New England States and of other historical works. An editor and war corres- pondent during the Civil War. May 24, 1826. Austin Adams. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Iowa. ARLINGTON.

May 20, 1785. Augustus Young. Congressman from Vermont, 1841-1843. July 2, 1810. Junius Brutus Stearns. Artist. Secretary of the National Academy of Design, 1851-1865.

March 29, 1822. Thomas Hawley Canfield. A builder of the Rutland and of the Chicago and North- western Railroads. ATHENS.

October 19, 1812. Oscar Lovell Shafter. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California. ONE THOUSAND MEN 173

February 28, 1815. Carlos Cobb. Geologist, merchant and an early member of the New York Produce Exchange. May 27, 1816. James McMillan Shafter. Secretary of State in Vermont, Speaker of the House in Wisconsin and President of the Senate in Cali- fornia.

December 31, 1848. Alfred Allen Hall. Judge of the Superior Court in Vermont, 1906-1912. September 21, 1870. Elmer Darwin Ball. Entomologist and author. BAKERSFIELD.

October 4, 1839. Charles Monroe Start.

Attorney-General and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Minnesota. December 28, 1845. Henry R. Start. Speaker of the House and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1890-1905. January 6, 1848. Laforrest Holman Thompson. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1890-1900. BARNARD.

January 13, 1788. Asa Aikens. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont and author of "Aikens Forms" and other legal works. February 16, 1803. Amos Dean. Professor in the Albany Law School and an author of five substantial works on law and philosophy. March 31, 1804. Dean Richmond.

Capitalist, a founder of the New York Central Railroad

and its President and a leader of the Democratic

party in the State of New York. 174 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

June 22, 1804. Horace Eaton. Lieutenant-Governor and Governor of Vermont, 1846- 1848.

October 31, 1830. Andrew Jackson Aikens. Long editor and manager of the Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin. Originator in 1864 of the "Patent In- sides" newspaper and the first man in that business. July 20, 1845. Ira Anson Abbott. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of New Mex-

ico, 1904-1912. July 18, 1848. Edward Morris Bowman. Musician, director, composer and author. BARNET.

July 10, 1810. Peter Harvey. Boston merchant. An intimate, and by many said to have been the most trusted friend of Daniel Webster and author of reminiscences of Webster. August 24, 1819. Henry Stevens. Bibliographer, author and the founder of the Vermont Historical Society. March 21, 1820. Horace Fairbanks. Long head of the Fairbanks Scale Co. Philanthropist and Governor of Vermont, 1876-1878. February 19, 1833. Benjamin Franklin Stevens. Bibliographer and author. The founder of a world famous London firm of book dealers.

February 11, 1835. John Bachop Gilfillan. An officer in the Civil War, lawyer, banker and Con- gressman from Michigan, 1885-1887. September 18, 1844. Henry Clay Ide. United States Commissioner to Samoa, Chief Justice of Samoa, United States Minister to Spain and Gov- ernor-General of the Philippine Islands. ONE THOUSAND MEN 175

June 27, 1857. David Johnson Foster. Congressman from Vermont, 1901-1912. March 17, 1868. Charles Downer Hazen.

Professor in Smith College, translater and author.

BARRE.

August 20, 1820. John Wesly Lindsay. Professor in Wesleyan and Boston University and Pres- ident of Genesee College. An author. January 16, 1834. Henry Wood. Voluminous author of standard works on Political

Economy and allied subjects.

July 1, 1836. John Marshall Thacher. United States Commissioner of Patents. August 28, 1838. Hiram Carlton. Vermont lawyer and judge. President of the Vermont Historical Society. February 28, 1861. Henry Winfred Thurston. State Superintendent of the Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society, a social worker and author.

May 1, 1861. Wendell Philips Stafford. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1900-1904, and of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, 1904-1914. A poet, lecturer and author.

BARTON.

October 11, 1854. William Nelson Ferrin. Professor in the Pacific University of Oregon and President of that institution, 1903-1914. May 3, 1860. Charles Frederick Mathewson. Lawyer and author. Partner of Elihu Root, 1887- 1890, and later of the firm of Harmon and Mathew- son. 176 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY BENNINGTON.

1789. Hiram Bingham. Missionary to the Sandwich Islands, 1819-1841. January 5, 1793. Timothy Follett. Lawyer and merchant. First president of the Burling- ton and Rutland Railroad Corporation and the fore- most promoter of that enterprise. About 1795. Martin Scott. Served as a Colonel in the Mexican War and killed at the head of his command.

July 20, 1795. Hiland Hall. Senator from Vermont, Associate Justice of the Su- preme Court of Vermont, 1846-1850 and Governor of Vermont, 1858-1860. An author and historian. July 30, 1802. David S. Walbridge. Congressman from Michigan, 1854-1859. November 10, 1804. John S. Robinson. Governor of Vermont, 1853-1854. August 21, 1810. Justin Loomis. Professor at Colby and President of Bucknell Univer-

sity, 1857-1879. An author.

November 5, 1810. John Flack Winslow. Iron manufacturer, the first in America to manufacture Bessemer steel and the builder of the "Monitor" in 1861.

July 17, 1824. Edward Manning Ruttenber. Antiquarian, a publisher and author of works on early New York.

March 31, 1829. Charles Seymour Robinson. Clergyman and author. First and long time pastor of the Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York. ONE THOUSAND MEN 177

June 10, 1831. Alfred Lebbens Loomis. A professor in the University of New York, author of

medical works and widely known as a specialist in pulmonary diseases. February 27, 1832. Olin Scott. For half a century a leader in the manufacture of powder. January 15, 1836. Edward Swift Isham. Lawyer and partner of Robert T. Lincoln. February 23, 1836. Richmond Fisk. The second President of St. Lawrence University, 1868- 1872.

October 6, 1844. Horace Chapin Henry. Railroad contractor and builder, banker and financier. November 29, 1846. Herbert Tuttle. Professor in Cornell and an author of several volumes

on German and Prussian history. July 21, 1850. Frank Jerome Butcher. Vice-President of the Draper Co., Hopedale, Mass.,

capitalist. August 6, 1853. Frederic Beach Jennings. Lawyer in the firm of Stetson, Jennings and Russell, New York. February 22, 1858. John Alexander Hill. Founder and editor of the Pueblo Daily Press and editor of Locomotive Engineering and author of the highest standard works on that subject. January 26, 1873. Archer Butler Hulbert. Editor of a Korean newspaper, professor in Marietta College and author of several historical works. Nathaniel Fillmore.

Father of Millard Fillmore, President of the United States.

12 178 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Isaac Jennings, Jr. Clergyman and author of numerous historical volumes, articles and addresses.

BENSON.

August 9, 1800. Robert Everett Pattison. College professor and president. February 15, 1815. Rufus Wilmot Griswold. Editor of Graham's Magazine, the New Yorker, Brother Jonathan, the New World and author of some thirteen volumes on literature.

November 6, 1815. William D. Griswold.

Lawyer and capitalist. President of the Terre Haute, Alton and St. Louis and of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroads.

February 13, 1816. Loyal Case Kellogg. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1859-1867. February 28, 1842. Stephen W. Dorsey. Capitalist. President of the Sanduskey Tool Co. and the Arkansas Central Railroad. Senator from Ala- bama, 1873-1879. Secretary of the Republican Na- tional Committee, 1880. BERKSHIRE.

June 14, 1819. Homer Elihu Royce. Congressman from Vermont and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1870-1890. June 15, 1822. Lorenzo Allen Babcock. First Attorney-General of the State of Minnesota and long a leading lawyer in that State. January 29, 1834. Charles C. Ellsworth. Paymaster through the Civil War and Congressman from Michigan. ONE THOUSAND MEN 179

June 27, 1828. Sterling Parker Rounds. Printer, publisher and manufacturer and dealer in presses. August 19, 1829. Horace Rublee. State Librarian of Wisconsin, United States Minister to Switzerland, 1869-1876, and for sixteen years editor of the Milwaukee Sentinal. January 29, 1839. Legh Richmond Brewer. Bishop of Montana. July 21, 1857. Wilbert Lee Anderson. Clergyman and author. September 24, 1858. Eugene Noble Foss.

Manufacturer and capitalist. Congressman from Mass- achusetts and Governor of that State, 1910-1912. July 2, 1863. George Edmund Foss. Lawyer. Several times Congressman from Illinois. October 15, 1863. John F. Reynolds. Founder and owner of the Hotel Reynolds, Boston. September 29, 1869. Robert Ellsworth Lewis. Author of works on educational conditions in the East and General Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association, 1909-1914.

BERLIN.

August 22, 1801. Julius Y. Dewey. Founder of the National Life Insurance Co. February 26, 1809. Chauncey L. Knapp. Secretary of State in Vermont and twice a Congress- man from Massachusetts. August 25, 1811. Homer Wallace Heaton. Banker, lawyer, capitalist and philanthropist. 180 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY BETHEL.

August 27, 1799. Joel Parker. Clergyman and author. Organizer of the Dey Street Church in New York and minister of the Broadway Tabernacle. President of the Union Theological Seminary. December 6, 1809. Stephen Thomas. Served through the Civil War as Colonel of the Eighth Vermont, becoming Brigadier-General. Lieutenant- Governor of Vermont, 1867-1868.

March 3, 1823. James Johonnot. President of the State Normal School of Missouri and the author of fifteen works on education.

January 29, 1853. Frank Danford Abbott. Musical journal editor. Founder of the musical jour- nal, Presto.

BLOOMFIELD.

October 19, 1861. Elmer Ellsworth Silver.

Member of the firm of Silver, Burdett & Co., book publishers.

BOLTON.

March 20, 1824. George Willard. Editor and educator and twice Congressman from Michigan.

BRADFORD.

November 4, 1806. John Elliott Chamberlain. Railroad contractor. Built the Boston & Maine Rail- road from Woodsville, N. H. to the Fabyans. ONE THOUSAND MEN 181

October 31, 1813. Amos Henry Worthen. For many years State geologist of Illinois and curator in that State of the State historical library and National history museum. April 14, 1820. Daniel Kimball Pearsons. Millionaire lumber merchant, philanthropist and bene- factor.

February 20, 1842. Jesse Johnson. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of New York. Lawyer and author. August 10, 1843. Charles Edgar Clark. Rear-Admiral in the Navy and the "Hero of the Ore- gon." BRAINTREE.

September 7, 1809. Allen Hayden Weld. Author of the English and Latin grammars bearing his name.

June 4, 1814. Jefferson P. Kidder. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1853-1855, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Dakota and Con- gressman from that State. BRANDON.

December 13, 1802. Thomas Jefferson Conant. Biblical scholar and college professor, reviser of the Common English version of the Bible and all his life one of the foremost Hebraists of his time.

May 7, 1802. Luther Tucker. Publisher and editor of the Rochester Union and Ad-

vertiser, Genesee farmer, the Cultivator and the founder of the Country Gentleman. 182 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

1809. Shearjashub Spooner. Author of numerous books on dentistry, surgery, paint- ing and engraving. April 23, 1813. Stephen A. Douglas. Attorney-General of Illinois, and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois. Congressman, Sena- tor, debater with Lincoln and candidate for Presi- dent of the United States in 1860. August 29, 1818. A. Maynard Lyon. New York real estate dealer, railroad president, phil- anthropist, traveler and author. Ninety-five years old in 1913.

January 10, 1824. Charles Dana. Railroad and steamboat line president and banker. An incorporator of the Erie Railroad.

June 5, 1825. John Gilbert Sawyer. Congressman from New York. June 10, 1837. Charles Burleigh Murray. Founder and editor of the Cincinnati Commercial Re- view, pork and crop statistician and superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce.

October 8, 1843. Henry Francis Field. Vermont State Treasurer, 1890-1898. A leading banker of his State.

December 3, 1851. Albert George Farr. Banker, philanthropist and financier. Member of the firm of N. W. Harris & Co., Chicago, New York and Boston.

September 2, 1860. Frank Hall Knowlton. Botanist, naturalist, author and editor. An assistant in the National Museum and in the United States Geo-

logical Survey. Walter L, Sessions. Twice Congressman from New York. ONE THOUSAND MEN , 183

Elmer Chickering. Boston photographer. BRATTLEBORO.

January 4, 1787. Rutherford Hayes. Father of Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States.

August 31, 1792. Wilbur Risk. Clergyman, author, one of the founders and many years President of Wesleyan University. April 9, 1793. Alonzo Church. For thirty years the President of the University of Georgia. A large number of the leaders of the "Old South" graduated under him. 1806. Charles Christopher Frost. Author and botanist.

September 8, 1810. Seth Wilmarth. Inventor of heavy lathes and planes and for twenty years superintendent and master mechanic of the Charlestown navy yard. September 6, 1811. John Humphrey Noyes. Religionist. Founder of the Oneida Community. December 6, 1811. Samuel Elliott Perkins.

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Indiana and Chief Justice, Professor in Northwestern University and author.

May 4, 1812. Selah Chamberlain. Banker and civil engineer. Builder of the Rutland, Cleveland & Pittsburgh, Minnesota Central and the consolidator of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroads.

March 21, 1814. Abram Adams Hammond. Governor of Indiana, 1860-1861. 184 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

March 31, 1824. William Morris Hunt. A famous artist.

August 12, 1828. Joshua Stark. United States District Attorney, City Attorney of Mil- waukee and President of the Milwaukee Bar As- sociation.

October 31, 1828. Richard Morris Hunt.

Architect. Designer of the Lenox Library, Tribune building, W. K. Vanderbilt house, Central Park entrance, pedestal of the Statue of Liberty and scores of somewhat lesser known public and private buildings.

October 14, 1830. William Henry Draper. New York physician. Professor in the College of Physicians and Surgeons and President of the New York Academy of Medicine.

September 6, 1835. Alonzo Granville Draper. Captain, Major, Colonel and Brigadier-General in the Civil War. Editor of the New England Mechanic.

December 29, 1837. Henry Brooks Baker. Surgeon and author. Secretary of the Michigan State Board of Health.

January, 1845. Julius J. Estey. Capitalist and long an owner and officer of the Estey Organ Co.

August 20, 1846. William Rutherford Mead. Leading New York architect. A member of the firm of McMim, Mead & White.

August 5, 1848. Leslie William Miller. Author. Principal in Philadelphia of the School of Industrial Art, 1880-1914. ONE THOUSAND MEN 185

June 2, 1851. William Eaton Foster. Author of works on Government and Civil Service Re-

form. Librarian of the Providence Public Library, 1877-1914.

October 14, 1858. Starr Willard Cutting. Professor of languages in the University of South Dakota and the University of Chicago. Author of many works on the subject. December 15, 1860. William Bullock Clark. Geologist and author. Chief of the United States Geological Survey. July 14, 1866. Edwin Brant Frost. Astronomer and author. Professor at Dartmouth and the University of Chicago. Observer at Potsdam in Prussia and Yerkes in Illinois. September 21, 1867. William Hayden Rockwell. Physician and author of works on physiology, anatomy and kindred subjects.

November 9, 1870. Ora Elmer Butterneld. Michigan lawyer. General Attorney for the Michigan Central and Assistant General Solicitor of the New York Central Railroad. BRIDGEWATER.

May 23, 1796. Zadoc Thompson. Naturalist, State Geologist of Vermont, college pro- fessor and author of several works on the history of his State, including Thompson's Gazetteer. July 24, 1816. Hezekiah Bradley Smith.

Inventor, founder of Smithville, N. J. and Congress- man from New Jersey. June 30, 1832. William Eddy Fuller. Lawyer and author. 186 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

June 29, 1869. Henry George Smith.

Railroad official and capitalist. President of the Wood- stock Hotel Co., New York. BRIDPORT.

November 28, 1815. Edgar Harkness Gray. Long Chaplain in the United States Senate and one of the four clergymen who officiated at the funeral of Lincoln.

February 27, 1821. Charles A. Eldridge. Three times Congressman from Wisconsin. BRISTOL.

August 22, 1827. Ezra Butler Eddy. Canadian banker and millionaire match manufacturer.

November 29, 1830. Walter C. Dunton. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1877-1879.

September 25, 1836. Walter Burritt Moore. Lawyer, editor and author. BROOKFIELD.

March 3, 1842. Cassius Peck.

A leading Vermont agriculturist. Superintendent of the Experiment farm at the University of Vermont, 1897-1912.

November 6, 1861. Curtis Stanton Emery. Lawyer. Collector of Customs, Newport, Vt, 1905- 1913. BROWNINGTON.

1806. Portus Baxter. Congressman from Vermont, 1861-1865. ONE THOUSAND MEN 187

September 29, 1833. James Woodward Strong. First President of Carleton College, 1870-1903. May 16, 1837. William Barstow Strong. President of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, 1880-1889.

March 1, 1843. Stephen Perry Jocelyn. An officer in the Civil and Spanish American Wars, rising to rank of Brigadier-General. BURKE.

April 26, 1845. Charles Albert Woodruff. Brigadier-General in the Philippines. Thomas Bartlett. Congressman from Vermont, 1851-1853. BURLINGTON.

September 11, 1791. Henry Hitchcock. Attorney-General and United States District Attorney in Alabama and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that State. February 22, 1797. Horace Bucklin Sawyer. A Captain in the Navy in the 1812 War. October 17, 1808. Isaac Appleton Jewett. Lawyer and author. August 22, 1812. Joseph Mosier. Sculptor. Long resident in Rome. October 10, 1812. Cornelius Van Ness. Secretary of State in Texas. June 3, 1814. John Purple Howard. Capitalist and philanthropist. Gave large sums to the

city of Burlington, Vt. March 14, 1816. Lucius S. Blake.

Manufacturer, capitalist and bank president of Racine,

111. 188 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

1819. Edson B. Olds. Three times Congressman from Ohio and President of the Senate in that State. A strong exponent of slavery. September 25, 1824. Truman Seymour. A professor in West Point. Served in the Mexican and Civil Wars, rising to rank of Brigadier-General. Present at Lee's surrender.

December 10, 1826. George Grenville Benedict. Editor of the Burlington (Vt.) Free Press for nearly

fifty years. President of the Vermont Historical Society and author. October 3, 1828. Robert Dewey Benedict. Lawyer, author and editor of legal works. August 19, 1831. William Chauncy Langdon. Clergyman, author and Chief Examiner in the United States Patent Office.

March 16, 1832. Charles Camp Doolittle. Serving in the Civil War from Michigan, rose to rank of Major-General. April 4, 1836. Charles Jerome Hopkins. Author of text-books on music, and composer. August 25, 1838. Charles C. Markham. Artist.

July 27, 1839. Charles Albert Hoyt. For twenty-five years treasurer of the Goodyear Rub- ber Co.

December 2, 1840. John Heman Converse. Financier and philanthropist. Long head of the Bald- win Locomotive works.

March 22, 1843. Theodore Safford Peck. An officer in the Civil War. Adjutant-General of Ver- mont, 18814901. ONE THOUSAND MEN 189

July 21, 1843. Henry Guy Catlin. Mining engineer and author. November 18, 1843. John A. Lovely. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Minnesota. November 24, 1843. John Stephen Michaud. Roman Catholic Bishop of Vermont. April 28, 1844. William Isaac Fletcher. Librarian at Amherst. President American Library Association. Editor A. L. A. Index to General

Literature and Annual Literary Index. May 10, 1849. Charles Albert Catlin. Chemist and author.

June 8, 1853. Robert Mayo Catlin. Mining engineer and general manager of mines in the Transvaal.

August 9, 1855. Cecil Hobart Peabody. Professor in Massachusetts Institute of Technology and author of works on steam and its application. December 8, 1856. Henry T. Mayo. Rear-Admiral in the Navy. November 10, 1857. Leo Allen Bergholz. Consul in Canada, China and Turkey. April 7, 1858. Davis Rich Dewey. Professor in Massachusetts Institute of Technology, managing editor American Economic Review and author of books on economic and financial subjects. November 25, 1858. James Buckham. Author and poet. February 15, 1859. James Rignall Wheeler. Professor in the University of Vermont, the American School in Athens and in Columbia University. Edi- tor of American Journal of Archaeology, and author. 190 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

October 20, 1859. John Dewey. Professor of Philosophy in the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan and the University of Minnesota. Author.

October 20, 1861. Martin Joseph Wade. Judge and Congressman from Iowa. November 5, 1864. John Wright Buckham. Theologian and author. May 8, 1869. James Rowland Angell. Professor in the University of Michigan, 1893-1914, psychologist and author. 1872. George William Alger. Lawyer and author. CABOT.

September 1, 1804. Zerah Colburn. Mathematical prodigy. May 21, 1843. Charles Francis Stone. Lawyer, a leading Democrat of New Hampshire, candi- date for Governor and Congress, Associate Justice of the Superior Court, 1901-1914. February 6, 1847. Emory James Haynes. Clergyman and author. November 11, 1848. John Henry Senter. United States District Attorney for Vermont, candi- date for Governor and long a leader in Vermont democracy. January 20, 1850. Edward M. Doe. Associate Justice of Supreme Court of Arizona, 1909- 1912.

November 27, 1870. Carlos Everett Conant. College professor and author, translated portions of the Bible into Philippine language. Government trans- lator at Manila. ONE THOUSAND MEN 191

CALAIS.

January 28, 1820. Marcus Davis Oilman. Long librarian Vermont State Library and Vermont Historical Society, author of the Bibliography of Vermont.

January 18, 1825. Nathaniel George Clark. Author, clergyman, college professor and 1865-1895 Secretary of the American Board of Foreign Mis- sions.

March 16, 1830. Constans Liberty Goodell. Author and from 1872-1886 a clergyman in St. Louis, Mo. At his death one of the highest salaried minis- ters in the world.

May 27, 1846. Henry Davis Stevens. Clergyman, author and reviewer.

August 8, 1853. Herbert Sidney Foster. Graduate of West Point, 1876, thirty years an officer in the Army, serving in Cuba and Philippines and rising to rank of Colonel.

October 28, 1876. Ira Rich Kent. An editor of the Youth's Companion and author. CAMBRIDGE.

July 23, 1812. William C. Wilson. Associate Justice Supreme Court of Vermont, 1865- 1870.

August 13, 1846. Anson Daniel Morse. Professor of history at Amherst, 1878-1908.

October 15, 1848. Harmon Northrup Morse. Professor of chemistry at Johns Hopkins, 1891-1913, author. 192 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY CASTLETON.

April 28, 1829. Hiram Ladd Spencer. Poet, author and editor for years of the St. Johns, N. B. Evening Gazette.

February 15, 1843. Edwin Hall Higley. Officer in Civil War, educator and author. CAVENDISH.

October 28, 1796. Richard Fletcher. Law student with Daniel Webster. Congressman from Massachusetts, 1846-1848 and Associate Justice of Supreme Court of Massachusetts, 1848-1853.

February 18, 1799. Ryland Fletcher. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, Governor of Ver- mont, 1856-1858.

June 1, 1831. Redfield Proctor. Colonel of the 15th Vt. in Civil War, owner and presi- dent of Vermont Marble Co., Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, Governor of Vermont, 1878-1880. Secretary of War, 1889-1891 and Senator from Ver- mont, 1891-1908.

October 2, 1833. Azro White. T As "Hank W hite" for forty years he was a leader in cork-faced minstrelsy.

December 11, 1839. Henry A. Fletcher. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1890-1892.

July 12, 1841. Daniel Davis Wheeler. Served through Civil and Spanish American Wars, forty years an army officer.

May 25, 1844. Thomas Redfield Proctor. Hotel proprietor and banker. ONE THOUSAND MEN 193

September 30, 1849. Edward Higginson Williams. Mining engineer, author and editor of works on the subject.

November 4, 1854. George Holley Gilbert. Author of some ten volumes on religious subjects.

April 2, 1857. Addison Fletcher Andrews. Musician, manager and composer.

November 7, 1860. Fletcher Button Proctor.

Capitalist, President Vermont Marble Co., Speaker Vermont House ,of Representatives and Governor of Vermont, 1906-1908.

CHARLESTON.

August 5, 1853. Frank Sherwin Streeter. A leading New Hampsire lawyer and trustee of the Mary Baker Eddy estate.

CHARLOTTE.

March 8, 1791. Jerediah Horsford. Congressman from New York, 1851-1853.

January 11, 1822. John Adams Kasson. Many years Congressman from Iowa. First Assistant Postmaster-General. Minister to Austria and Minis- ter to Germany.

May 6, 1838. Cyrus Guernsey Pringle. Botanist and author. Long a collector for Harvard College and the New York Natural History Museum.

September 23, 1855. James Levi Barton. Missionary to Turkey and President of Euphrates Col- lege in Harpoot. Author.

13 194 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY CHELSEA.

June 12, 1802. John Young. Congressman from New York, Governor of New York, 1847-1849. Assistant Treasurer of the United States.

September 24, 1822. Robert Safford Hale. Lawyer. Regent, University of New York, 1859- 1881. Congressman from New York, 1865-1867 and 1873-1875.

December 8, 1823. Napoleon Bonaparte McLaughlin. Served in army during Civil War, became Brigadier- General and retired in 1882.

January 8, 1838. Charles Almerin Tinker. Warm personal friend of Lincoln, telegraph operator in War Department at Washington, 1861-1865 and the first to tell Lincoln of his renomination to the Presidency. Vice-President American District Tele- graph Co. July 9, 1840. William Freeman Vilas. Lieutenant-Colonel in Civil War, lawyer, editor of "Wisconsin Reports," Postmaster-General in Cleve- land's Cabinet and Secretary of the Interior. July 22, 1846. Charles Harrison Vilas. Surgeon and college president. Author of Vilas gene- alogy. May 2, 1857. Willis Eugene Lougee. Treasurer International Committee Young Men's Christian Association. Philanthropic worker. June 18, 1862. John L. Bacon. Banker. State Treasurer of Vermont, 1898-1906. : Charles Ira Hood.

Originator and manufacturer of Hood's Sarsaparilla. Capitalist. ONE THOUSAND MEN 195 CHESTER.

May 23, 1791. Waitstill Randolph Ranney. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1841-1843. Pre- sided on the mountain top when Daniel Webster spoke.

June 28, 1814. Fernando C. Beaman. Lawyer, Congressman from Michigan.

October 18, 1814. Hugh Henry. United States Marshal, financier and railroad presi- dent.

November 1, 1817. Albert David Hager. Geologist and author. State Geologist in Vermont and Missouri and Librarian of the Chicago Historical Society.

May 4, 1818. Daniel A. Heald. Underwriter. Vice-President and President of the Home Life Insurance Co.

April 10, 1820. James Robinson Graves. Clergyman, author of religious works and books rela- ting to the history of Kentucky.

December 1, 1824. James Sargent. Inventor of the first successful time lock.

October 15, 1829. Albert Leighton Rawson. Oriental traveler and author of some fifteen volumes

on Turkey, Syria, Persia and Egypt.

April 5, 1832. Franklin Edson. New York grain merchant, President New York Produce Exchange, 1873-1875 and Mayor of New York City, 1883-1884.

December 18, 1835. Gilbert Asa Davis. Lawyer, author of history of Reading, Vt. and other works. 196 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

March 21, 1838. Hugh Henry. A leading Vermont lawyer, President Vermont Soldiers' Home and United States Pension Agent for Vermont and New Hampshire. June 23, 1838. Edwin Henry Stoughton. West Point graduate, Brigadier-General of Volunteers in the Civil War.

October 31, 1841. Charles Bradley Stoughton. Brigadier-General of volunteers in Civil War. June 21, 1845. Marvin Davis Bisbee. Associate editor of Boston Congregationalist, librarian at Dartmouth, 1893-1910. June 29, 1864. Harlan Sherman Miner. Chief chemist of Welsbach Light Co., 1898-1914. CHITTENDEN.

May 24, 1845. James Turner Phelps. For nearly half a century a leading underwriter and general agent of the National Life Insurance Co., at Boston, Mass. CLARENDON.

July 4, 1789. George T. Hodges. Congressman from Vermont, 1856-1857. January 12, 1804. Silas Henry Hodges. Lawyer, United States Commissioner of Patents and Chief Examiner at Washington, 1861-1875. June 12, 1808. Charles Volney Dyer. Abolitionist and intimate friend of Lincoln. Appointed in 1863, Judge of the Mixed Court at Sierra Leone. August 23, 1811. George Foster Emmons. Officer in the Navy, 183H873, becoming Rear-Admiral. Author. ONE THOUSAND MEN 197

November 24, 1852. John Frederick Ridlon. Surgeon, Professor in Northwestern University, 1892- 1908 and in Rush Medical School, 1909-1914.

June 4, 1853. George French. Author and editor.

April 18, 1872. Otis Warren Barrett. Agricultural expert, author of works on that subject. Chief United States Experiment Station at Manila. COLCHESTER.

June 26, 1870. Walter Hill Crockett. Newspaper editor and historical writer and lecturer. Author of the History of Lake Champlain and wri- ting in 1914 the History of Vermont. CONCORD.

August 13, 1828. Edmund Franklin Bingham. Chief Justice of Supreme Court of District of Columbia. December 23, 1832. Hiram A. Cutting. Vermont State Geologist and long a student of meteor- ology in Northern New England. July 4, 1838. George Presbury Rowell. Founder of the first advertising agency in the United States, founder in 1867, of the first newspaper di- rectory and founder of "Printers' Ink." January 28, 1858. Herbert Adams. Sculptor. CORINTH.

March 16, 1791. Silas McKeen. Clergyman, historical writer, author of History of Bradford, Vt.

March 8, 1833. Joseph Kimball Darling. Long a leading lawyer in Vermont. 198 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

July 26, 1833. Allen Towle. Millionaire lumberman, founder and long practically the owner of Towle, California.

June 28, 1864. Charles Kimball Darling. United States Marshall for District of Massachusetts, 1899-1908, editor of Early Laws of Massachusetts, 1904-1908. CORNWALL.

1786. William Slade. Congressman from Vermont, Secretary of State in Ver- mont, historian and author, Secretary of National Board of Education, Governor of Vermont, 1844- 1846.

July 16, 1790. Joel Hervey Linsley. Clergyman in Hartford and Boston and President of Marietta College, 1835-1845.

January 17, 1792. Reuben Post. Many years Chaplain in the United States Congress, pastor and close friend of John Quincy Adams.

November 15, 1802. Solomon Foot. Speaker Vermont House of Representatives and nine- teen years Senator from Vermont.

January 28, 1814. Henry Norman Hudson. College professor, editor, Shakspearian scholar and author of many works on the subject.

January 28, 1836. Charles Marsh Mead. Clergyman, instructor, author and lecturer.

September 12, 1836. Orlando Benajah Douglas. Physician and author of numerous works on the nose and throat. ONE THOUSAND MEN 199 COVENTRY. 1804. George Barton Ide. Clergyman and author. November 3, 1812. Timothy Parker Redfield. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1870-1884. CRAFTSBURY.

December 3, 1853. Burleigh Folsom Spalding. Twice Congressman from North Dakota and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that State. DANBY.

February 10, 1838. John Grant Otis. Congressman from Kansas. DANVILLE. 1790. Benjamin F. Deming. Congressman from Vermont, 1833. April 2, 1792. Thaddeus Stevens. Congressman from Pennsylvania, 1848-1850 and 1858- 1868. Chairman from the House during the im- peachment of Johnson and a leader of his times. January 16, 1818. Stephen Alonzo Schoff. Engineer.

March 9, 1835. William L. Huse. Railroad president and millionaire ice merchant of St. Louis, Mo.

October 11, 1840. Charles Porter Mattocks. Maine lawyer. Served in the Civil and Spanish American War becoming Brigadier-General. July 23, 1841. Charles Henry Greenleaf. Manager of Profile House in the White Mountains, 1881-1914 and of the Hotel Vendome, Boston, 1886- 1914. 200 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY DERBY.

June 5, 1806. William Tyler. First Bishop in the Roman Catholic diocese of Hartford. January, 1816. Stoddard Benham Colby. Lawyer, United States Register of the Treasury, 1863- 1867.

January 24, 1835. Charles Kendall Adams. Second President of Cornell, 1885-1892. Author. March 28, 1837. Charles Henry Deere. Capitalist, maker of the Moline plow and long the largest plow manufacturer in the world. January 29, 1843. Henry Clay Bates. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1898-1900. Judge in the Philippines. March 9, 1859. John Oilman Foster. Lawyer. Consul-General at Halifax, 1897-1903 and at Ottawa, 1903-1914. DORSET.

June 12, 1812. Benjamin Field. Financier. Partner with George M. Pullman in the construction of the first sleeping and parlor cars. December 11, 1834. John Griffith Ames. Over thirty years Superintendent of Documents in the Department of the Interior. Author. October 25, 1835. Truman Howe Bartlett.

Boston author, educator and sculptor. December 11, 1838. Gordon Augustus Southworth. Educator and author of language books, grammars and arithmetics.

Lorenzo J. Hatch. Director of Currency and Engraving in the Chinese Government. ONE THOUSAND MEN 201 DOVER.

April 8, 1836. Kittredge Raskins. Officer in the Civil War. Speaker of Vermont House of Representatives and Congressman from Vermont, 19014909. DUMMERSTON.

July 24, 1808. Daniel Rice. Publisher of North American Sylva, History of Indian Tribes, National Portrait Galley of Distinguished Americans and numerous other early works, some of great beauty. 1817. Asa Belknap Foster. Canadian Senator, a builder of the Central Vermont and numerous branches of the Canadian Pacific Railroads.

January 31, 1846. George Herbert Bond. Messenger in the United States Senate, 1900-1913. EDEN

September 27, 1823. Thomas H. Dodge. Inventor, examiner in the Patent Office, lawyer and philanthropist. December 17, 1844. Frank Plumley. Lawyer. Umpire in the mixed commissions of Great Britain and Venezuela, Holland and Venezuela and France and Venezuela and Congressman from Ver- mont, 1908-1914. March 20, 1855. Frank Edward Woodruff. Professor of Greek at Bowdoin, 1887-1914. Author ELMORE.

December 18, 1831. Isaac N. Camp. Millionaire Chicago merchant. George W. Baily. Secretary of State in Vermont, 1861-1865. 202 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY ENOSBURG.

1826. Martin Dewey Follett. Associate Justice Supreme Court of Ohio. December 25, 1845. Samuel Harrison Greene.

President of George Washington University, clergy- man and author.

May 4, 1848. Francis Brigham Denio. Theologian and author. January 26, 1864. Moses Nelson Baker. Editor and author of numerous works on sewerage and engineering. ESSEX.

May 23, 1803. Edwin Ferry Johnson.

Inventor, financier, for forty years a prolific author and one of the earliest and for decades one of the fore-

most civil engineers in America. June 11, 1871. William Dawson Johnston. Assistant in Library of Congress, 1900-1907. Librarian of the Bureau of Education, 1907-1909 and at Colum- bia University, 1909-1914. Author. FAIRFAX.

December 26, 1815. Israel Bush Richardson. Served through the Florida, Mexican and Civil Wars, becoming Major-General. February 19, 1834. George N. Dale. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1870. 1843. Myron Melvin Parker. Financier, banker and assistant Postmaster at Wash- ington. November 25, 1844. Albert H. Walker. Lawyer, lecturer at Cornell and author of "Walker on

Patents" and numerous works on such subjects. ONE THOUSAND MEN 203

FAIRFIELD.

May 12, 1814. Bradley Barlow. Railroad president. Congressman from Vermont, 1879- 1881.

October 5, 1830. Chester Alan Arthur. President of the United States.

June 18, 1832. Elijah B. Sherman. Lawyer and President of the Illinois State Bar Associ- ation.

June 3, 1851. George Burton Adams. Author, professor at Yale, 1888-1914 and editor of the American Historical Review, 1895-1914. May 6, 1868. Charles Shattuck Hill. Author, editor of Engineering News, 1888-1906 and of Engineering and Contracting, 1906-1914. FAIR HAVEN.

August 4, 1797. Benjamin Franklin Hawkins Witherell. Michigan lawyer, judge, regent of the State Univer- sity and long President of the Michigan Historical Society. April 20, 1841. John Abner Mead. Capitalist, President Howe Scale Works, Lieutenant- Governor and Governor of Vermont.

FAIRLEE.

October 16, 1809. George Washington Morrison. Lawyer. Congressman from New Hampshire. February 11, 1828. Eben Pomeroy Colton. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1878-1880.

October 17, 1839. William, H. Gilmore. Long Adjutant-General, Inspector-General and Quar- termaster-General of Vermont. 204 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

May 26, 1839. John Wesley Churchill. Clergyman and lecturer and professor in Mt. Holyoke, Smith, Wellesley, Boston University, Johns Hopkins and Harvard.

FERRISBURG.

July 21, 1815. Stewart Van Vliet. Served with great distinction in the Seminole, Mexican and Civil Wars, becoming Major-General. May 14, 1833. Rowland E. Robinson. Long a Vermont author of national prominence. November 28, 1842. Martin F. Allen. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont. August 25, 1846. Cassius Milton Wicker. An official in the Northern Missouri, Chicago and Northwestern, Baltimore and Ohio, Illinois Central and Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railroads as Gen- eral Freight Agent, General Superintendent, Vice- President and President. FLETCHER.

May 27, 1807. Elias B. Holmes. Congressman from New York, 1845-1849. April 15, 1813. William Henry Harrison Bingham. Lawyer, United States Pension Agent, 1853-1857, three times candidate for Governor and twice candidate

for Congress in Vermont and long a leading Demo- crat.

August 17, 1830. Milo White. Twice Congressman from Minnesota. FRANKLIN.

January 5, 1811. Seth Wakeman. Congressman from New York. ONE THOUSAND MEN 205

December 25, 1835. Orville E. Babcock. Brigadier-General in Civil War and Secretary to Grant during his Presidency. August 4, 1842. Carmi L. Marsh.

Financier, President B. J. Kendall Spavin Cure Co. GEORGIA.

October 23, 1793. Alvah Sabin. Secretary of State in Vermont and Congressman from that State, 1853-1857.

February 7, 1814. Gardner Quincey Colton. Co-worker with Horace Wells and with him co-dis- coverer of laughing gas and the first person to take it for an operation. Inventor of the electric loco- motive.

October 20, 1820. George Jerrison Stannard. Served with great distinction as Major-General in the Civil War.

August 17, 1823. Daniel Bliss. Many years missionary to Asia and author in Arabic of works on philosophy. September 20, 1840. Joel Allen Dewey. Served through Civil War, becoming Brigadier-Gen- eral, Attorney-General of Tennesee. GLOVER.

February 13, 1839. Aaron Martin Crane. Assessor of Internal Revenue, author and lecturer. GRAFTON. November, 1780. Frederick Hall. Author.

March 11, 1798. John Wheeler. President University of Vermont, 1833-1848. 206 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

June 25, 1805. Ebenezer Burgess. Author and missionary.

July 5, 1822. Ammi Willard Wright.

Millionaire capitalist and philanthropist of Alma, Mich.

January 5, 1840. Leverett Wilson Spring. Professor in Williams College, 1886-1909; author of numerous works on historical subjects.

August 5, 1848. Charles Z. Lincoln. Author and lawyer; Legal adviser, 1895-1900, to Gov- ernors Morton, Black and Roosevelt.

November 28, 1866. John Barrett. Minister to Siam, Argentina, Panama and Colombia, 1894-1906 and Director-General Pan American Union, 1906-1914. Author.

GRAND ISLE.

1830. Henry Reynolds Hatch. Financier, philanthropist and dry-goods merchant of Cleveland, Ohio. GRANVILLE.

October 13, 1840. Albert Clarke. Soldier, lawyer, railroad president, editor and author. GREENSBORO.

February 5, 1836. Arba Nelson Waterman. Lieutenant-Colonel in Civil War, Justice of the Appe- late Court in Illinois, lawyer and author.

October 11, 1866. Henry Daniel Wild. ' Professor in Williams College, 1895-1914; Vice-Presi- dent Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States. ONE THOUSAND MEN 207 GROTON.

November 30, 1830. Benjamin Franklin Burnham.

Lawyer and author of legal digests and religious works. GUILDHALL.

May 11, 1846. Henry Willard Denison. Legal adviser to the Emperors of Japan, 1880-1914. Represented Japan at the Treaty at Portsmouth, 1905.

September 15, 1862. Everett Chamberlin Benton. Boston underwriter, author, candidate for Governor of Massachusetts, 1914. April 10, 1870. Jay Bayard Benton. Newspaperman. City editor Boston Transcript, 1898- 1914.

GUILFORD.

October 18, 1796. Hosea Ballou, 2nd. Clergyman, author, founder of the Universalist Quar- terly and one of the founders and the first acting President of Tufts College. 1800. Edward Royall Tyler. Clergyman, editor of the Connecticut Observer, found- er, editor and proprietor of the New Englander. April 19, 1813. Samuel Gregory. Philanthropist and founder in 1848 in Boston of the first female medical college in the world, merged in 1874 in the medical school of Boston University. November 13, 1813. John Wolcott Phelps. Soldier in the Seminole, Mexican and Civil Wars, be- coming Brigadier-General. Candidate of the Ameri- can party for President in 1880. 208 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

May 31, 1820. George Frederick Houghton. Author, historian, a founder and a President of the

Vermont Historical Society.

April 12, 1827. Halbert Stevens Greenleaf. Merchant. Congressman from New York.

May 1, 1833. Charles Edward Phelps. Colonel in Civil War. Congressman from Maryland, 1864-1867 and Associate Justice for many years of the Supreme Court of Maryland.

November 14, 1867. Charles Henry Robb. Assistant Attorney-General, 1904-1906. Justice of Court of Appeals, District of Columbia, 1906-1914.

HALIFAX.

August 3, 1811. Elisha Graves Otis. Inventor of the Otis elevator and founder of the Otis Elevator Co.

January 27, 1820. Henry Clay Fish. Author and Baptist clergyman. Ardent supporter of the Government in the Civil War. Sometimes called "Fighting Parson Fish."

May 3, 1832. Henry O. Aldrich. A founder of Cobb, Aldrich & Co. in Boston.

March 18, 1840. Norton Prentiss Otis.

Elevator manufacturer and capitalist.

June 6, 1843. Russell Judson Waters. Financier, banker, a founder of Redlands, Calif., and Congressman from that State.

December 1, 1843. Francis Fisher Browne.

Author, poet, editor of the Lakeside Monthly and the Alliance, Chicago publications and long editor of the Dial. ONE THOUSAND MEN 209 HARDWICK.

December 24, 1821. Levi Underwood. Lawyer, Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1860-1861. June 27, 1823. Dorman Bridgman Eaton. Lawyer, author, capitalist and philanthropist. The so- called "Father of Civil Service Reform in the United

States." Drafted the laws forming the first paid Fire Department in the United States and the laws creating the present Metropolitan Board of Health, Civil Service Commissioner and long Chief Attorney for the Erie Railroad and Pacific Mail Steamship Co.

May 2, 1832. Elnathan Ellsworth Strong. Editor Missionary Herald, 1879-1914. Author. October 30, 1860. James Waldron Remick. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of New Hamp- shire.

December 20, 1863. Charles Cutler Torrey. Professor in Yale, 1900-1914. Author of numerous works on the Far East.

April 9, 1864. Otis Ellis Hovey. First Assistant Chief Engineer American Bridge Co. of New York.

May 7, 1876. Guy Winfred Bailey. Secretary of State for Vermont, 1908-1914. HARTFORD

March 16, 1794. Lawrence Brainerd. Senator from Vermont, 1854-1855. July 19, 1794. James Marsh. President of the University of Vermont, 1826-1833. Author.

14 210 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

September 21, 1794. Horace Webster. Professor at West Point and first President of the

College of the City of New York. November 3, 1794. Joseph Tracy. Clergyman, author, editor of the Boston Recorder and the American Theological Review. June 10, 1796. Ebenezer Carter Tracy. Editor of the Vermont Chronicle, Boston Recorder and the New York Journal of Commerce. December 15, 1797. Andrew Tracy. Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives and Congressman from Vermont, 1853-1855. December 16, 1805. Albert Gallatin Dewey.

Woolen manufacturer, railroad president and capitalist. January 15, 1806. Ira Carter Tracy. Second missionary of the American Board in China and the first of that board to baptize a Chinaman in the Christian faith. Long a preacher in the Chinese language. March 11, 1808. Cyrus Smith Richards. Principal in Kimball Union and professor in Howard University. Author of works on the study of Latin. January 21, 1815. Horace Wells. Discoverer of laughing gas. March 13, 1817. Ebenezer Pearson Dorr. President of the Buffalo Board of Trade, Society of Fine Arts, and the Buffalo Historical Society. He long forwarded to Washington from Buffalo, under direction of Jefferson Davis the first daily meteor- ological observations taken in America. September 27, 1830. William Babcock Hazen. Author, Brigadier-General in Civil War and military attache in Europe during the Franco-Prussian and Russo-Turkish Wars. ONE THOUSAND MEN 211

,April 30, 1847. Samuel Mills Tracy. Author, botanist and President of the State Agricul- tural College of Missouri. July 11, 1849. Charles W. Porter. Secretary of State of Vermont, 1884-1890. June 15, 1853. Henry Ferdinand Merrill. In Chinese Customs Service, 1874-1914. Commissioner of Customs of China, 1892-1897. Delegate on im- portant missions from China to all parts of the world.

August 28, 1869. Allen Hazen. Civil Engineer. Expert on water supply and author of many books on the subject. HARTLAND.

About 1805. John Holbrook. President of Jefferson Military College in Mississippi. Author. 1809. David M. Smith. An inventor who patented over sixty various machines and devices.

April 14, 1826. Stephen Noyes Winslow. Commercial editor of the Philadelphia Inquirer, Bulle- tin and Evening Telegraph. December 10, 1837. Henry Harding. Civil Engineer. A pioneer in the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad. January 28, 1861. Daniel Willard. President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. HIGHGATE.

June 2, 1816. John Godfrey Saxe. Attorney-General of Vermont and a poet of national reputation. 212 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

August 11, 1833. Louis Napoleon Beaudry. Regimental Chaplain in Civil War, college professor and author.

February 8, 1846. Lucien Augustus Wait. Consul at Athens, head of the mathematical department at Cornell, 1895-1910.

1850. Alexander Christie. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Oregon.

March 1, 1854. Charles Sidney Cutting. Editor, lawyer, Judge of Probate for Cook County,

Illinois, 1899-1914.

June 28, 1862. Nelson Henry Loomis. General Solicitor Union Pacific Railroad, 1908-1914.

HINESBURG.

April 8, 1813. William Alanson Howard. Congressman from Michigan, 1855-1861. Postmaster at Detroit and Governor of Dakota. Declined appointment of Minister to China.

May 27, 1834. Alphonso Barto. Lawyer, Lieutenant-Governor of Minnesota, 1873-1875.

December 13, 1835. Ossian Ray. United States Attorney for District of New Hamp- shire and Congressman from that State.

October 8, 1845. Henry Smith Noble. Superintendent, 1901-1914, of the Connecticut State Hospital for the Insane.

October 23, 1854. William Lamb Picknell. Artist, member of various artists' societies in Europe and America and exhibitor at Paris Salon. ONE THOUSAND MEN 213 HOLLAND.

October 10, 1826. William Sargent Ladd. Financier. Founder and long president in Portland, Oregon of the first bank north of San Francisco on the Pacific coast.

November 30, 1830. Horace Austin Warner Tabor. Millionaire Colorado miner. Lieutenant-Governor of Colorado and Senator from that State. Builder and owner of the Tabor Grand Hotel and opera house in Denver and in 1888 said to have been the largest land owner in the world. HUNTINGTON.

July 16, 1841. Emerson Hamilton Liscum. Served in Civil War, Spanish War and the Boxer War in China. Killed leading his command at Tien Tsin. HYDE PARK.

December 19, 1861. George McClellan Powers. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1904-19061909-1913 and Chief Justice, 1913-1914, Superior Judge, 1906-1909. IRASBURG.

January 25, 1824. John Alexander Jameson. Judge, professor of law in Chicago University and author. One of the editors for many years of the American Law Register. ISLE LA MOTTE.

August 5, 1854. Nelson Wilber Fisk. Capitalist, manufacturer and Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1896-1898. 214 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

November 6, 1863. Elmon Scott.

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Washington. JAMAICA.

July 25, 1839. Eleazer L. Waterman. Superior Judge of Vermont, 1906-1914. May 12, 1851. John Henry Watson. Associate Justice Supreme Court of Vermont, 1899- 1914. May 28, 1854. Fred Mason Butler. Superior Judge in Vermont, 1909-1914. July 13, 1857. Orion Metcalf Barber. Judge United States Court of Custom Appeals, 1910- 1914.

JERICHO.

November 26, 1835. Bradley Barlow Smalley. Lawyer, railroad president, collector of Customs at Burlington, 1885-1889 and long the Democratic lead- er of Vermont.

May 1, 1864. Samuel Henry Bishop. Clergyman and author of various volumes on religious subjects. April 26, 1866. Earl Morse Wilbur. Clergyman and author. JOHNSON.

September 12, 1840. Charles Henry Sheldon. Governor of South Dakota, 1892-1896. February 14, 1846. Julian Scott. Artist, painter of the Battle of Cedar Creek in the Ver- mont State Capitol. February 7, 1854. Charles H. Stearns. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1904-1906. ONE THOUSAND MEN 215

January 17, 1865. Charles Whiting Baker. Editor-in-chief of Engineering News and author. LANDGROVE.

September 13, 1846. James Loren Martin. United States Attorney and United States District Judge in Vermont. LEICESTER.

March 2, 1797. Stephen Olin. Clergyman, President of Wesleyan University, traveler, abolitionist and author.

January 1, 1815. Aaron F. Perry. Congressman from Ohio. LINCOLN.

January 3, 1830. Abram Hatch. Mormon Bishop. LONDONDERRY.

April 3, 1857. Frank Pierce. Lawyer, first assistant Secretary of the Interior, 1907- 1911.

June 16, 1861. William Albert Buxton. Theologian, college professor and author. August 26, 1863. Harrison Henry Atwood. Massachusetts architect and politician, Congressman from Massachusetts, 1895-1897. LOWELL.

April 17, 1833. John Curtis Caldwell. Colonel, Brigadier-General and Major-General in the Civil War. Minister to Uruguay and Paraguay, 1873-1882. 216 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

May 11, 1857. Willis Edward Dodge. General Attorney of the Great Northern Railroad. LUDLOW.

February 22, 1816. Robert William Wright. Author, lawyer and editor of the Hartford Daily Post, New Haven Daily News and the Richmond State Journal.

April 15, 1824. Joseph Hartwell Barrett. Lawyer, editor of the Cincinnati Gazette, United States Commissioner of Pensions, 1861-1868 and author of a Life of Lincoln.

August 20, 1825. Alanson Wilder Beard. Twice collector of the Port of Boston and State Treas- urer of Massachusetts in 1886.

April 7, 1847. Edward K. Warren. Inventor of "Featherbone" and President of the Warren

Featherbone Co., financier, bank president and Presi- dent of the World's Sunday School Convention in 1904.

July 23, 1848. Richard Franklin Pettigrew. Lawyer and many years Congressman and Senator from South Dakota.

October 13, 1860. John Garibaldi Sargent. Attorney-General of Vermont, 1908-1912. LYNDON.

June 18, 1827. Charles W. Willard. Congressman from Vermont, 1869-1875. Secretary of State in Vermont, 1855-1856.

January 14, 1850. Harley E. Folsom. Railroad president. ONE THOUSAND MEN 217 MANCHESTER.

August 5, 1802. Pierrepont Isham. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1851-1857. February 21, 1810. Mansfield French. Clergyman, abolitionist, founder in Ohio of Marietta College and Granville Female Seminary, editor, inti- mate friend of Lincoln. 1811. Benjamin Stone Roberts. Graduate of West Point, railroad builder, inventor, assistant New York State Geologist. Served in the Mexican and Civil Wars, becoming Brigadier-Gen- eral.

September 13, 1813. Mark Skinner. United States District Attorney for Illinois, railroad builder, a founder of the Chicago Historical Society, the New England Society of Chicago and President of the Illinois General Hospital. May 11, 1815. John Hancock Pettingill. Theologian and author of religious works. April 6, 1824. Edmund Hatch Bennett. First and several times Mayor of Taunton, Mass., Judge and lecturer at Harvard. His legal works written or edited alone or in company with others number over one hundred.

October 30, 1827. Charles A. Aiken. President of Union College, 1869-1871.

December 3, 1838. Daniel Merriman. An officer in the Civil War, president of the Worcester Art Museum, clergyman and author. July 21, 1843. Loveland Munson. Associate Justice Supreme Court of Vermont, 1889- 1914. 218 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

January 1, 1848. Robert Roberts. A leading Vermont lawyer and in 1910 author of a complete digest of Vermont Supreme Court decisions. October 9, 1871. Charles Frederick demons. United States District Judge for Hawaii. MARSHFIELD.

March 9, 1826. Perley Peabody Pitkin. Quartermaster-General in the Civil War, manufacturer

and capitalist.

November 19, 1858. Lindon Wallace Bates. Civil Engineer for the Northern Pacific, the Oregon Pacific and the Belgian Government. An expert on river and harbor work. MIDDLEBURY.

April 6, 1809. David Allen Smalley. Lawyer. Collector of Customs, 1853-1857 and United States District Judge in Vermont for some twenty years. Refused the position of Minister to Russia. June 3, 1810. Truman Marcellus Post. Author, St. Louis clergyman and Professor of History in Washington University. August 22, 1810. Thomas T. Davis. Congressman from New York. September 8, 1812. James M. Slade. Lawyer, Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1856-1857. June 30, 1815. George Martin. Many years Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Michigan. April 13, 1816. George Bowen. Author and missionary. Thirty-four years editor of the Bombay Guardian, "The Nestor of the Methodist Conference in India." ONE THOUSAND MEN 219

June 22, 1817. Artemas Nixon Johnson. Author from 1844 to 1864 of some eleven text-books on music.

June 11, 1821. James Simmons.

Lawyer and author of legal digests and reports.

July 11, 1822. Edward John Phelps. Comptroller of the Treasury, President of the Ameri- can Bar Association, professor at Yale and United States Minister to England. Considered by many, the ablest man born in Vermont.

November 24, 1825. John Wolcott Stewart. Banker. Speaker Vermont House of Representatives, Governor of Vermont, 1870-1872. Congressman from Vermont, 1882-1890.

October 10, 1822. John Pomeroy Townsend. Mechant and author of works on banking. President of the Knickerbocker Trust Co., the Bowery Savings Bank and the New York Produce Exchange.

June 22, 1823. Joseph Mead Bailey. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois.

January 29, 1836. James Meach Warner. Served through the Civil War, becoming Brigadier- General. Postmaster at Albany, N. Y.

April 25, 1847. Francis Hovey Stoddard. Professor of literature in the University of California and the University of New York. Author of works on literary subjects.

January 3, 1861, William Henry Porter.

Member of the firm of J. P. Morgan & Co., President of the Chemical National Bank, the New York Clearing House and of the Chamber of Commerce. 220 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

May 7, 1861. Frank C. Partridge. Minister to Venezuela, Consul General at Tangier, law-

yer, banker and Vice-President of the Vermont Marble Co.

March 8, 1862. Samuel Sheldon. Author, electrical engineer, professor in the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, 1889-1914. August 9, 1864. Charles Ford Langworthy. Author, chief of nutrition investigation in the Depart- ment of Agriculture at Washington. MIDDLESEX.

June 2, 1850. Lyman Simpson Hayes. Vermont underwriter, author of the History of Rock- ingham, Vt. MIDDLETOWN.

February 11, 1803. Merritt Clark. Railroad President and Financier. September 23, 1804. Ahiman L. Miner. Congressman from Vermont, 1851-1853. MILTON.

December 17, 1800. George Allen. Professor of languages for thirty-one years in the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, owner of the largest library on chess in America and author of works on chess and music.

May 12, 1822. John Russell Herrick. Clergyman, author and President of Pacific University and of the Dakota University. June 17, 1825. Luther S. Dixon. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, 1859- 1874. ONE THOUSAND MEN 221

December 6, 1830. Don Juan Whittemore. Chief Assistant Engineer, LaCrosse and Milwaukee, Southern Minnesota and the Western Railroad of

Cuba. For fifty-one years Chief Engineer of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad.

April 19, 1834. George Frederick Herrick. Missionary to Turkey, revisor of the Turkish transla- tion of the Bible, professor in Turkish Seminaries and author of many religious works written in that language. Paul Smith.

Adirondack Hotel proprietor. MONKTON.

March 19, 1856. James Meacham Gifford. New York lawyer and railroad president. MONTGOMERY.

William B. Clapp. The first man to can meat in this country. MONTPELIER.

October 26, 1810. Joseph Addison Wing. Vermont lawyer and poet.

February 17, 1812. Eliakim Parsons Walton. Publisher. President of the Vermont Historical Society and Congressman from Vermont, 1857-1863.

October 3, 1813. James Robbins Langdon.

Banker, railroad official and capitalist.

November 15, 1821. James Reed Spalding. Founder of the New York World and an editor of the New York Times. 222 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

November 12, 1823. Thomas Waterman Wood.

Artist, Vice- President and President of the National Academy of Design, 1879-1899. President of the American Water Color Society, 1878-1887 and found- er of the Wood Art Gallery in Montpelier. January 31, 1825. Henry Lee Dodge. Merchant, California pioneer and banker and long Superintendent of the San Francisco Mint. September 17, 1825. George W. Cate. Lawyer, Judge and Congressman from Wisconsin. March 27, 1826. Charles Dewey. President National Life Insurance Co., 1877-1899. March 27, 1829. Edward Dewey. Vice-President National Life Insurance Co., 1877-1897. June 28, 1833. Henry Clay Nutt. President Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad.

November 2, 1833. Lewis Larned Colburn. Millionaire real estate owner of Chicago. August 11, 1835. George Burley Spalding. Clergyman, author, editor of the New York World and the New York Times. December 26, 1837. George Dewey. Admiral of the United States Navy. July 9, 1839. James Edward Wright. Doctor of Divinity, long a leader in New England of

Unitarian religion. April 23, 1846. Chester Wright Merrill. Many years librarian of the Cincinnati Public Library. August 21, 1847. John Mellen Thurston. General Attorney Union Pacific Railroad. Senator from Nebraska, 1895-1901. August 28, 1849. William Adams Lord. Lawyer, bank examiner. Speaker Vermont House of Representatives. ONE THOUSAND MEN 223

February 9, 1850. Daniel Greenleaf Thompson. Lawyer. Author of some seven volumes on philosophy. November 26, 1855. Osman Dewey Clark. Colonel 1st Vermont Regiment in the Spanish Ameri- can War. Secretary National Life Insurance Co., 1899-1914.

April 4, 1858. Ashton Rollins Willard. Author of books on art. March 24, 1864. Charles Miner Thompson. Author. Editor-in-chief of the Youth's Companion. August 30, 1867. Charles Herbert Cross. A founder and an owner of the Regal Shoe Co. December 15, 1867. Harry Morton Cutler. Treasurer of the National Life Insurance Co., 1897- 1914 and a Vice-President of the Company. September 18, 1873. Charles Kellogg Field. Author. Editor in San Francisco of the Sunset Maga- zine. Farrand F. Merrill.

Vermont Secretary of State, 1849-1853. Ira Bassett.

Millionaire real estate owner of Chicago.

J. J. Lewis Clergyman, author and lecturer. MORETOWN.

December 22, 1824. Matthew Hale Carpenter. Lawyer. Senator from Wisconsin, 1869-1875 and 1879-1881.

March 15, 1861. Frank Lincoln Goodspeed. Clergyman and author.

December 1, 1871. Edward Harrington Deavitt. Vermont State Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner, 1906-1914. 224 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY MORGAN.

November 23, 1843. Zophar Mack Mansur. Lawyer, banker. Collector of Customs, 1897-1906 and Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1894-1896.

MORRISTOWN.

May 29, 1835. Horace Henry Powers. Speaker Vermont House of Representatives. Associ- ate Justice Supreme Court of Vermont, 1874-1890 and Congressman from Vermont, 1892-1900.

November 2, 1848. Leslie Mortimer Shaw. Governor of Iowa, 1898-1902. United States Secre- tary of the Treasury, 1902-1907 and President of the Carnegie Trust Co. of New York.

April 24, 1849. Don De Forrest Grout. Superintendent and Treasurer of the Vermont State Hospital, 1905-1914.

May 11, 1851. Benjamin H. Sanborn. Long of the firm of Leach, Shewell & Sanborn and 1898-1914 head of the firm of Benjamin H. Sanborn & Co., book publishers.

March 23, 1856. Charles Sumner Gleed. Lawyer, banker, editor Denver Daily Tribune and Pres- ident of the Kansas City Journal.

March 8, 1859. James Willis Gleed. Lawyer, author and professor of law in the University of Kansas.

October 10, 1868. Thomas Charles Cheney. Lawyer. Speaker Vermont House of Representatives, 1908. ONE THOUSAND MEN 225

MT. HOLLY.

June 22, 1828. Nathan Turner Sprague. Financier, railroad president, one time owner of the Howe Scale works, founder and president of Sprague National Bank and the City Savings Bank of Brook- lyn.

1831. Parker Earle.

Horticulturist. President of the Illinois State Horti-

cultural Society. MT. TABOR.

November 11, 1836. Henry Mills Alden. Lecturer, author, editor of Harper's Weekly and Har- per's Magazine. NEWBURY.

December 24, 1809. William Trotter Porter. Journalist, author, early employee and life long friend of Horace Greeley, founder in 1851 and editor for 25 years of the Spirit of the Times, the first sporting paper in this country.

February 13, 1813. Alexander George Johnson. Lawyer, author, Deputy Secretary of State in New York and long editor of Troy, N. Y., papers.

November 25, 1825. George W. Webber. Capitalist, banker and Congressman from Michigan.

June 16, 1829. Freeman J. Doe.

Commission merchant and capitalist. First President of the Boston Produce Exchange.

April 22, 1831. William Augustus Russell. Capitalist, paper manufacturer, three times Congress- man from Massachusetts.

15 226 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

November 30, 1834. Horace Elliott Chamberlain. For nearly thirty years General Superintendent of the Concord and the Boston, Concord & Montreal Rail- roads.

May 8, 1839. Everett Chamberlain. Editor of the Milwaukee Sentinel, Chicago Tribune and Chicago Times. Writer of several volumes on the history of Chicago.

November 14, 1850. Frederic Palmer Wells. Author of historical works.

August 6, 1851. Joseph Edgar Chamberlin. Reporter Boston Advertiser and Transcript. Assistant editor of the Youth's Companion, 1890-1901. Liter- ary editor New York Evening Mail, 1901-1914. Author.

January 16, 1852. Horace Ward Bailey. Author, historian, Vermont Fish and Game Commis- sioner, 1894-1900 and United States Marshal, 1903- 1913. NEWFANE.

September 12, 1787. Paul Howard Knowlton. Canadian Statesman. By royal mandamus a member of Legislative Council in Canada. Founder and Mayor of Knowlton, Canada.

August 26, 1802. Hollis Read. Clergyman, missionary to India and author of some ten volumes on conditions in India and the Orient.

February 22, 1807, Roswell Martin Field. Lawyer. Brought and tried in the United States Cir- cuit Court of Missouri the Dred Scott case. Father

of Eugene Field the poet. ONE THOUSAND MEN 227

1812. John Elhanan Wheeler. An associate for many years with Horace Greeley in the publication of the New York Tribune and later an editor of the Chicago Tribune. January 28, 1815. Lewis Grout. Missionary to Africa, 1847-1852 and writer of books on the Zulus and religious subjects. June 12, 1847. John H. Merrifield. Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives, 1902-1906.

July 27, 1852. Webster Merrifield. President of the University of North Dakota, 1891-1909. September 17, 1863. Frank Leslie Fish. Superior Judge in Vermont, 1912-1914. March 24, 1867. Abel Joel Grout. Instructor and author. Specialist in mosses. June 6, 1867. Marshall Avery Howe. Botanist, author and curator in New York Botanical Gardens. NEW HAVEN.

September 21, 1806. Sir Curtis Miranda Lampson. Vice-President of the company that laid the Atlantic telegraph. Deputy Governor of the Hudson Bay Co. and trustee of the Peabody fund for the poor of London.

December 22, 1821. Josiah Bushnell Grinnell. Clergyman, Congressman from Iowa, 1863-1867, author, abolitionist and friend and associate of John Brown. April 26, 1831. Harvey Fisk. Founder of firm of Fisk & Hatch, obtained in one month $170,000,000 for the government in the Civil War. Founder in 1885 of Harvey Fisk & Sons, bankers. 228 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

January 26, 1863. Homer Bezaleel Hulbert. Educator, founder in 1901 and editor, 1901-1914 of the Korea Review, political agent of the Emperor of Korea and voluminous author in English and Korean.

June 1, 1863. Edward Wheelock. Physician and historical writer. NEWPORT.

October 9, 1853. Charles Azro Prouty. Chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

March 4, 1862. George Herbert Prouty. Capitalist, Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, Governor of Vermont, 1908-1910. NORTHFIELD.

November 16, 1823. Moses Lane. Chief Engineer Brooklyn Water Works and of the Mil- waukee Water Works.

April 17, 1827. George Nichols. Vermont State Librarian, 1848-1853, Vermont Secre- tary of State, 1865-1884. January 23, 1828. Elisha W. Keyes. A leading Wisconsin lawyer, postmaster of Madison. August 30, 1841. George Washington Brown. Manager Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co., 1876- 1892. Manager, Treasurer and Vice-President United Shoe Machinery Co., 1899-1914. December 9, 1863. Malverd Abijah Howe. Civil Engineer and author of numerous books on that subject. April 14, 1875. Charles Albert Plumley. Speaker Vermont House of Representatives, 1912-1913. Vermont State Tax Commissioner, 1913-1914. ONE THOUSAND MEN 229 NORTH HERO.

July 29, 1852. Bayard Taylor Holmes. Surgeon, author and senior professor of surgery in the University of Illinois. NORWICH.

1785. Alden Partridge. Graduate of the United States Military Academy, from 1806 to 1818, an instructor there and later its head.

Founder of Norwich University, President of Jeffer- son Military College. Author.

January 16, 1789. Daniel Azro A. Buck. Twelve years Speaker Vermont House of Representa- tives, Congressman from Vermont, 1823-1829.

June 12, 1796. George Bush. Clergyman, missionary, author and editor. 1803. George Wright. Brigadier-General in the U. S. Army. Served in the Florida, Mexican and Civil Wars.

February 4, 1810. Curtis A. Emerson. In 1836, he became in Detroit, the first brewer in Mich-

igan. Financier.

May 30, 1816. Edmund Farwell Slafter. Clergyman, historian and editor. Writer of some ten historical works.

May 19, 1834. Halsey J. Boardman. Boston capitalist, railroad president and lawyer.

November 29, 1834. Thomas Edward Greenfield Ransom. A Major-General in the Civil War. Gen. Sherman on May 30, 1886, delivered in Chicago a long oration in tribute to his memory. 230 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

July 15, 1836. Edward Bancroft Williston. Brigadier-General, Provost Marshall-General at Manila, Deputy Governor U. S. Soldiers' Home at Washing- ton, D. C.

November 15, 1840. George Sylvester Morris. Professor in the University of Michigan, author of many works on philosophy, history and Christianity.

May 11, 1844. Stephen Rand. Paymaster, pay inspector and pay director in the Navy. Served in Civil War and retired as Rear-Admiral.

May 13, 1844. George Albert Converse. Graduate from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1865. For forty years a naval officer and retired as Rear-Ad- miral.

April 13, 1847. George Partridge Colvocoresses. Graduate U. S. Naval Academy 1869, retired as Rear- Admiral in 1907. An instructor in the Academy and commandant of midshipmen.

March 5, 1854. Philip Hale. Musical and dramatic critic on the Post, Journal and Herald of Boston.

A. S. Hatch. New York banker of the firm of Fisk & Hatch, Presi-

dent New York Stock Exchange, philanthropist. ORANGE.

November 18, 1832. Benjamin Franklin Fifield.

Lawyer, United States District Attorney, capitalist.

November 18, 1854. Frank Pierce Sargent. Chief of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 1895-1902. United States Commissioner General of Immigration. ONE THOUSAND MEN 231 ORWELL.

May 10, 1794. Nathaniel Colver. Clergyman, an organizer of Tremont Temple in Bos- ton and for many years its pastor, abolitionist and President of the Freedmen's Institute, Richmond, Va., 1867-1870.

March 26, 1831. William Smith.

Over thirty years Paymaster in the Army rising to the rank of Paymaster-General.

December 8, 1831. William Pitt Kellogg. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nebraska, Col- lector of the Port of New Orleans, Governor of Louisiana and Congressman and Senator from that State.

May 22, 1833. Marsena E. Cutts. Attorney-General of Iowa, 1872-1877 and Congress- man from that State.

October 30, 1867. Louis Winslow Austin. Professor of physics University of Wisconsin, 1893- 1901, in German Government Service, 1902-1904 and in the United States Government Service, 1905-1914. Author. PANTON. January 27, 1871. Carroll Warren Doten. Statistician and author. Professor of economics in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. PAWLET.

1789. Aaron Clark.

Mayor of New York City, 1840-1842. Capitalist. About 1800. Philo P. Stewart. Inventor of the cookstove and founder of the Stewart Stove & Range Co. 232 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

August 26, 1814. Joshua C. Stoddard. Inventor of the steam calliope and of a horserake of which over 100,000 were manufactured.

October 29, 1837. George Edward Plumbe. Lawyer, journalist, statistician and author. Lecturer on water ways.

December 6, 1862. Kirby Flower Smith. Professor of Latin in Johns Hopkins, 1889-1914. Author.

Frank Hopkins. Member of Congress from Wisconsin. PEACHAM.

September 30, 1787. John Blanchard. Congressman from Pennsylvania, 1845-1849.

May 8, 1790. James Merrill. From 1816 until his death, although never holding high

political office, he was one of the ablest and foremost lawyers of Pennsylvania.

October 29, 1792. Samuel Merrill. Author, State Treasurer of Indiana, 1822-1834 and President of the State Bank of Indiana, 1834-1844.

December 27, 1809. Oliver Johnson.

Lecturer and author. For nearly fifty years editor of the Christian Soldier, Independent, Weekly Tribune and the Christian Union.

November 29, 1852. Alexander Dunnett. United States Attorney for Vermont, 1896-1913. A leading Vermont lawyer.

February 16, 1864. George Brinton McClellan Harvey. President of Harper & Bros., editor of Harper's Week- ly and of the North American Review. ONE THOUSAND MEN 233 PERU.

November 10, 1842. James Kendrick Batchelder. Speaker Vermont House of Representatives, 1884.

PITTSFIELD.

November 30, 1837. Charles Wesley Emerson. Founder and long head of the Emerson College of Oratory. Boston, Mass. PITTSFORD.

January 28, 1812. William Warner. Railroad president and financier.

December 23, 1825. George Nye Boardman. Theologian and author.

September 16, 1829. Francis Miles Strong. Inventor of the Howe Scale.

August 31, 1830. Samuel Ward Boardman. College professor, college president and author.

September 19, 1834. William Smith Granger.

Machinery manufacturer in Providence, R. I., 1865- 1901. Capitalist. Fire Insurance Co. president and president of the American Wringer Co.

September 28, 1839. Frank Gilbert. Editor of the Dubuque Times, Chicago Evening Jour- nal, Chicago Inter-Ocean and Chicago Tribune. Author. Lyman B. Walker. Long Attorney-General of New Hampshire. PLAINFIELD.

1810. Heman Allen Moore.

Congressman from Ohio % 234 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

October 22, 1843. George Washington Wing. A leading Vermont lawyer, Vermont State Librarian, 1902-1914.

March 11, 1854. Olin Merrill.

Banker and capitalist. Collector of Customs at New-

port, 1895-1907. Treasurer and manager Kendall Spavin Cure Co. PLYMOUTH.

June 14, 1836. Henry M. Pollard. Major in the Civil War, Congressman from Missouri.

March 21, 1853. William Wallace Stickney. Lawyer, President Vermont Bar Association and of the Vermont Historical Society. Speaker Vermont House of Representatives and Governor of the State, 1900-1902.

POMFRET.

October 8, 1828. George Warren Gardner. Clergyman, traveler and author. Secretary of the American Baptist Union.

May 10, 1829. Edward Conant. Educator, author and Vermont historian.

September 14, 1831. Rush Christopher Hawkins. Organized the Ninth New York and led it in the Civil War. Art connoisseur, author, and officer of the Legion of Honor in France.

November 18, 1834. Orville R. Leonard. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada. May 27, 1839. Henry Hobart Vail. Editor. Vice-President American Book Co., 1904- 1911. ONE THOUSAND MEN 236

October 27, 1842. Elmer Bragg Adams. United States District and Circuit Judge in Missouri, 1895-1913.

October 20, 1843. Crosby Parke Miller. Served through the Civil War and for forty years in the army, becoming Brigadier-General. June 18, 1848. John Francis Pratt. In United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1871- 1914. Has commanded government expeditions in all parts of the United States and foreign posses- sions. Judah Dana. Senator from Maine.

Jason S. Bailey. Long owner of the Bailey Ten Cent Stores in Boston.

Capitalist. POULTNEY.

1779. Heman Allen. Congressman from Vermont, 1817-1818. United States Minister to Chili, 1823-1828. 1804. Herman Hooker. Clergyman and writer of books on Theology.

December 7, 1809. Asahel Clark Kendrick. College professor, from 1872 to 1880. A revisor of the New Testament and the author of some twelve books on literature.

August 16, 1811. George Jones.

With Henry J. Raymond in 1851, the founder of the New York Times, for forty years its publisher and long its editor-in-chief. July 13, 1816. Hiram Todd Dewey. Viticulturist. Founder in 1865, of the first large Ameri- can Wine Company. 236 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

April 21, 1821. James Ryland Kendrick. Clergyman, editor, President of Vassar College.

July 3, 1876. Ralph Barton Perry. Professor in Harvard, 1905-1914, author of works on philosophy. POWNAL.

September 2, 1819. Abraham Brookins Gardner. Lawyer. Speaker Vermont House of Representatives 1864-1865. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1866- 1867.

James Fisk. Financier, railroad builder and president. PUTNEY.

May 5, 1794. Nathan Sargent. Newspaper correspondent, Sergeant-at-Arms in the House of Representatives at Washington, Register of the United States Treasury, Commissioner of Customs, President of the Washington Reform School.

May, 1807. William Haile. Governor of New Hampshire, 1857-1859.

April 22, 1824. Edmund Andrews. Surgeon, college professor and author. RANDOLPH.

December 28, 1795. Charles White. Clergyman, author, twenty-one years the President of Wabash College in Indiana.

Feburary 24, 1797. Jonathan Peckham Miller. Soldier in the Grecian Wars, 1824-1826. Reformer and abolitionist. ONE THOUSAND MEN 237

November 10, 1814. William Henry Augustus Bissell. Episcopalian Bishop of Vermont.

January 7, 1821. William Wallace Chandler. Railroad official. Inventor and operator of the first refrigerator car.

December 11, 1833. Stephen Solon Herrick. Physician, author, surgeon in the Confederate army, editor New Orleans Medical Journal, college pro- fessor and Secretary of the Louisiana State Board of Health.

March 24, 1835. William Henry DuBois. Vermont State Treasurer, 1882-1890.

May 19, 1835. Albert Arnold Sprague. Capitalist. Founder and President of Sprague, War- ner & Co., wholesale Chicago grocers.

February 16, 1836. Robert Jackson Kimball. Banker and broker. Forty years a member of the New York Stock Exchange.

June 27, 1837. Horace Tracy Hanks. Surgeon in Civil War, Secretary and Vice-President New York Academy of Medicine and President of the New York Obstetrical Society.

August 20, 1840. Albert Brown Chandler. Cipher operator in Civil War, President of Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph Co., President Postal Telegraph Co., 1886-1914.

September 2, 1840. Lucius Carroll Herrick. Physician, author of the Herrick Geneology.

January 17, 1843. Hiram Augustus Huse. Vermont State Librarian, 1873-1902 and long a leader of the Vermont Bar. 238 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

January 22, 1843. Charles Paine Thayer. Physician serving in Civil War. Professor and Secre- tary of the Faculty in Tufts College, 1893-1909. August 10, 1844. Hugh Henry Mclntyre. Superintendent Alaskan Seal Fisheries, 1871-1890. September 29, 1863. Clarence Egerton Moulton. Actuary of the National Life Insurance Co., 1902- 1914. READING.

January 9, 1804. Thomas Jefferson Sawyer. Clergyman, author, editor of the Christian Messenger, one of the founders and later President of Tufts

College.

March 6, 1838. Stillman Williams Robinson. Civil engineer, inventor and author, professor in the University of Michigan, Illinois Industrial Union and the Ohio State University. October 21, 1844. Albert Alonzo Robinson. Rose in the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad from Assistant Engineer to Vice-President and General Manager. President of the Mexican Central Rail- road. READSBORO.

March 15, 1851. George Mayhew Moulton. Grain elevator builder, 1870-1905, President of West- ern Life Indemnity Co. and Colonel in the Spanish American War. He held the highest office in the United States in the Blue Lodge, Chapter, Council and Commandery. RICHFORD.

February 18, 1831. John Fassett Follett. Speaker Ohio House of Representatives and Congress- man from that State. ONE THOUSAND MEN 239

June 7, 1851. John Blaisdell Corliss. Lawyer, twice Congressman from Michigan. Pre- pared the charter for Detroit. RICHMOND.

February 1, 1828. George F. Edmunds. Speaker Vermont House of Representatives, Senator from Vermont, 1866-1891 and President of the Senate, 188M884.

ROCHESTER.

1798. Fisher Howe.

Author and philanthropist.

February 10, 1817. Henry Newell Guernsey. Physician and author.

February 3, 1851. Loranus Eaton Hitchcock. A leading lawyer of Springfield, Mass., 1874-1903. Associate Justice of the Superior Court of Massa- chusetts.

September 30, 1875. John Henry MacCracken. President of Westminster College and of the Presby- terian College Board. ROCKINGHAM.

January 18, 1818. Horace Henry Baxter. Adjutant-General of Vermont, 1860-1861, banker, President of the New York Central and a builder of the New York Elevated Railroad.

December 24, 1818. George Sumner Weaver. Author.

February 6, 1821. Edward Henry Green. One of the first successful American merchants in the 240 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Philippines. Tea merchant in Manila for twenty years. Husband of "Hetty" Green, America's richest woman.

August 20, 1829. Selim Hobart Peabody. President University of Illinois, 1880-1891. Author of numerous text-books.

May 11, 1835. Henry Franklin Severens. United States District Judge in Michigan, 1886-1900. United States Judge Circuit Court of Appeals, 1900- 1914.

April 12, 1838. John Butler Smith. Manufacturer. Governor of New Hampshire, 1893- 1895.

July 24, 1838. Henry Dwight Holton. For a half a century one of the foremost physicians in

Vermont. Writer of works on his calling.

May 11, 1842. Franklin George Butterfield. An officer through the Civil War, Chief Examiner in the Bureau of Pensions.

June 22, 1843. Amzi Lorenzo Barber.

Capitalist. Founder and President of the Barber Asphalt Pavement Co. and the Trinidad Asphalt Co.

November 22, 1853. Timothy Edward Byrnes. Vice-President of the New York, New Haven & Hart- ford and of the Boston & Maine Railroads. Presi- dent Montpelier & Wells River Railroad. ROXBURY.

May 1, 1848. Zed Silloway Stanton. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1902-1904, Judge of the Superior Court of Vermont, 1908-1914. ONE THOUSAND MEN 241 ROYALTON.

July 3, 1807. Otis Ainsworth Skinner. Universalist clergyman in Boston, New York and Balti- more, author, editor and temperance reformer.

December 5, 1807. Charles Durkee. A founder of Kenosha, Wisconsin. Congressman from Wisconsin, 1849-1853, being the first distinctive anti- slavery congressman from the Northwest. In 1855, Senator from Utah and in 1865, Governor of that State.

April 21, 1814. Albert Merritt Billings. Built with C. K. Garrison the first elevated railroad in

New York City. Financier and capitalist.

February 3, 1819. Bradford Kinney Peirce. Clergyman. Superintendent many years of the Massa- chusetts Industrial School and editor of Zions Herald.

September 13, 1819. Dudley Chase Denison. U. S. District Attorney for Vermont, 1864-1869. Con- gressman from Vermont, 1875-1879.

September 27, 1823. Frederick Billings. Lawyer, statistician, President Northern Pacific Rail- road.

January 6, 1836. Truman Henry Safford. Mathematical prodigy and author. Director of Har- vard Observatory and professor of astronomy at Williams and in the University of Chicago. October 26, 1843. Jonathan Kendrick Kinney. Lawyer and author of legal works.

November 1, 1845. Charles Denison. Physician, long professor in the University of Denver

and prolific writer on tuberculosis. 16 242 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY RUPERT. February 23, 1798. Ichabod Smith Spencer. Clergyman and author. Declined the presidency of the University of Alabama and of Hamilton College. A founder of the Union Theological Seminary in New York. 1806. Abel Buel Moore.

Artist. There are hanging at Albany seven portraits by him of New York Governors. 1853. M. H. Sherman.

First Superintendent of Public Instruction in, and author of the school laws of Arizona. Electric rail-

road president and promotor in Los Angeles. RUTLAND.

May 9, 1797. Walter Colton. Chaplain in the U. S. Navy. Editor of the first paper published in California, built the first school house in that State and in the columns of the North Ameri-

can made the first public announcement of the dis- covery of gold on the Pacific coast. October 9, 1800. John Todd.

Congregationalist clergyman. Author of some thirty volumes on varied subjects, some of which were translated into European and Asiatic tongues. May 20, 1810. Moses McCure Strong. United States District Attorney for Wisconsin, Speaker Wisconsin House of Representatives, railroad presi- dent, author of a history of Wisconsin. August 10, 1810. James Meacham. Congressman from Vermont, 1848-1856. August 18, 1813. Benjamin Alvord. Seminole, Mexican and Civil War soldier. Brigadier- General, author and West Point professor. ONE THOUSAND MEN 243

March 15, 1815. James Davie Butler. Professor in the University of Vermont, Wabash Col- lege and the University of Wisconsin. Vice-Presi- dent Wisconsin Historical Society, author, traveler and historian. March 23, 1824. William Grenville Temple. Served thirty-eight years in the American Navy, be- coming Rear-Admiral. February 25, 1826. John Boardman Page. Railroad promoter and president, banker, Vermont State Treasurer and Governor of Vermont, 1867- 1869.

May 7, 1837. George William Beaman. Naval officer in Civil War, retired as Rear-Admiral in 1899.

May 11, 1842. Aldace Freeman Walker. Lawyer, author, Interstate Commerce Commissioner. Receiver of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and long Chairman of the Board. July 7, 1846. Percival W. Clement. Capitalist, publisher, President of the Rutland Rail- road, 1882-1891.

September 5, 1858. Walter L. Sheldon. Founder of the Ethical Society of St. Louis, writer of ethical and religious books. October 31, 1865. LeRoy Wilbur Baldwin. Banker. President Empire Trust Co. of New York, 1897-1914.

October 17, 1867. Charles Sheldon.

Railroad official, explorer, hunter and author. August 24, 1874. Roberts Walker. Railroad official. General Counsel for Rock Island

lines and President of the Rock Island Co. 244 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

November 9, 1877. Burges Johnson. Author. On literary staff of Harpers, 1903-1906. Assistant editor of Everybody's, 1906-1907, manag- ing editor of Outing, 1907-1908 and President of Thompson, Brown & Co., book publishers.

January 13, 1879. Edward Davenport Field. General Superintendent of Agencies for the National Life Insurance Co. RYEGATE.

November 9, 1794. Wells Goodwin.

Died December 11, 1894, the last survivor in Vermont of the 1812 War. Voted for every President from Madison to Cleveland.

July 20, 1837. Edward Cowles. Physician, surgeon, author. Professor and instructor in Dartmouth and Harvard. Superintendent of Boston City Hospital, 1872-1879 and of McLean In- sane Hospital, 1879-1903. Specialist in mental diseases.

March 28, 1841. John Stark Cameron. As Chief Engineer of the Burlington & Cedar Rapids Railroad, he built a large part of the road.

December 8, 1847. Albert Russell Savage. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine, 1897- 1914.

ST. ALBANS.

September 2, 1811. Asa Owen Aldis. Associate Justice Supreme Court of Vermont, 1857- 1865. U. S. Consul at Nice. ONE THOUSAND MEN 245

July 22, 1818. John Gregory Smith. Railroad builder, long President af the Central Ver-

mont Railroad, capitalist, Speaker Vermont House of Representatives and Governor of the State, 1863- 1865.

April 19, 1823. Worthington Curtis Smith. President Vermont & Canada Railroad and Vice-Presi- dent of the Central Vermont. Three times Congress- man from Vermont.

February 17, 1824. William Farrar Smith. Brevet Major-General in the Civil War.

January 30, 1842. Charles Goodrich Whiting. Author, poet and literary editor of the Springfield Republican.

December 26, 1843. Charles Sidney Smith. Forty-one years an officer in the Army, rising to rank of Brigadier-General.

December 17, 1844. Ezra Brainerd.

President of Middlebury College, 1885-1908.

June 6, 1853. Owen Franklin Aldis. Lawyer and financier. Pioneer in Chicago in the con- struction of steel frame work buildings.

January 5, 1854. Edward Curtis Smith.

Capitalist, President of the Central Vermont Railroad and Governor of Vermont, 1898-1900.

March 7, 1855. Frederic Werden Pangborn. Editor of Godey's Magazine. Author.

February 10, 1870. Frank Lester Greene. Editor. Officer in Spanish American War. Congress- man from Vermont. 246 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

ST. GEORGE.

March 27, 1830. Elnathan Elisha Higbee. College President and Superintendent of Public In- struction in Pennsylvania. ST. JOHNSBURY.

January 29, 1792. Lemuel Hastings Arnold. Twice Governor of Rhode Island and Congressman from that State.

April 27, 1808. Milo P. Jewett. Co-worker with Matthew Vassar in the founding of Vassar College and its first President.

July 31, 1826. Ellery Albee Hibbard. Congressman from New Hampshire and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of that State.

June 18, 1828. Franklin Fairbanks. Capitalist, banker, President E. & T. Fairbanks Co., Speaker Vermont House of Representatives, 1872.

May 6, 1830. Henry Fairbanks. Capitalist, Vice-President E. & T. Fairbanks Co.

September 23, 1833. Charles Hosmer Morse.

Chicago capitalist, President Fairbanks, Morse & Co. (scales), 1872-1914.

October 21, 1839. Charles Jefferson Wright. Principal Peekskill Military Academy, 1872-1887. President New York Military Academy and of New Jersey Military Academy.

November 18, 1850. James Fairbanks Colby. Lawyer. Instructor and professor at Yale, 1879-1885 and professor of law in Dartmouth, 1885-1914.

August 9, 1851. Albert Ellis Frost. Professor and Treasurer of the University of Pitts- burg, 1885-1914. ONE THOUSAND MEN 247

January 11, 1852. Charles Parker Bancroft. Alienist and author. Superintendent New Hampshire Insane Hospital, 1882-1914. January 13, 1856. Edward Corliss Kilbourne.

Financier. Real estate, electric light, electric railroad and power magnate of Seattle, Wash. May 21, 1857. Charles Andrew Willard. United States District Judge for Minnesota, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in the Philippine Islands.

September 27, 1869. Frederic G. Fleetwood. Secretary of State in Vermont, 1902-1908. SALEM.

July 28, 1825. Charles Fitch Morse. Clergyman and missionary. Author of numerous works including a Bulgarian and English dictionary. SALISBURY.

November 22, 1816. John Prout. Associate Justice Supreme Court of Vermont, 1867- 1869.

May 4, 1816. Joel Edson Rockwell. Clergyman, editor and author. December 19, 1819. Wilbur Fisk Story. State Prison Inspector of Michigan. Long editor and sole owner of the Detroit Free Press.

June 27, 1857. Julius Walter Atwood. Author. Episcopalian Bishop of Arizona. SANDGATE.

1795. Stephen Peet. Missionary, editor and author. One of the founders of Beloit College and the sole founder of over thirty churches. 248 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

August 21, 1832. Ormsby B. Thomas. Twice Congressman from Wisconsin. July 8, 1841. Franklin Cogswell Prindle. Served in the Navy through the Civil War, retired as Rear-Admiral in 1901. Author of Prindle Geneology. SHAFTSBURY.

May 7, 1768. Henry Olin. Congressman from Vermont and Lieutenant-Governor in 1827. Long a leading Vermont lawyer. July 10, 1805. Jacob Merritt Howard. Congressman and Senator from Michigan and Attorney- General of that State. Drew the platform of the first Convention held by the Republican party and given by many the credit of naming the party. 1808. Abram Baldwin Olin. Congressman from New York, 1857-1863 and Associ- ate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia.

September 24, 1810. Heman Dyer. Author, President of Western University and editor of the Episcopal Quarterly Review. Declined the Bishopric of Kansas. Silas Harris.

Inventor of the carpenter's square. SHARON.

1790. John Spaulding. Banker, Vermont State Treasurer, 1841-1846. December 23, 1805. Joseph Smith. The founder of the Mormon Church. April 25, 1832. George White Chamberlain. United States Attorney-General of Colorado under President Johnson and a leading lawyer of California. ONE THOUSAND MEN 249

October 29, 1845. Charles Parkhurst. Editor of Zion's Herald, 1888-1914. SHEFFIELD.

November 7, 1875. Ora Samuel Gray. Lecturer, evangelist and author. SHELBURNE.

June 12, 1790. Almon H. Read. State Treasurer of Pennsylvania and Congressman from that State.

February 21, 1832. John Lester Barstow. Major in the Civil War, U. S. Pension Agent, 1870- 1878, Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont and Gover- nor, 1882-1884. February 10, 1865. Byron Satterlee Hurlbut. Professor of English, a Dean in Harvard. SHELDON.

June 14, 1801. Heber Chase Kimball. Mormon leader and apostle.

October 18, 1827. Calvin Butler Hulbert. President of Middlebury College, 1875-1880. January 26, 1858. Henry Woodward Hulbert. Clergyman and author. SHOREHAM.

May 17, 1791. Silas H. Jennison. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, Governor of Ver- mont, 1835-1841.

June 5, 1809. Columbus Delano. Congressman from Ohio in 1844 and in 1864-1866, Commissioner of Internal Revenue and from 1870 to

1875, Secretary of the Interior under President Grant. 250 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

November 22, 1819. Byron Sunderland. Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Washing- ton, D. C, 1853-1898. Chaplain of the United States Senate, 1861-1864 and 1873-1879.

December 8, 1822. Selucius Garfield. Lawyer. Congressman from Washington. May 16, 1824. Levi Parsons Morton. Merchant, Capitalist, Congressman, Minister to France and Vice-President of the United States.

June 8, 1834. Ebenezer J. Ormsbee. An officer in the Civil War, Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, Governor of Vermont, 1886-1888 and United States Land Commissioner at Samoa.

July 21, 1861. Charles Edwin Atwood. Author, neurologist, editor of the American Journal of Insanity. SHREWSBURY.

September 7, 1803. Silas Clarke Herring.

Inventor and maker of the Herring safe. Capitalist. November 3, 1814. Darwin A. Finney. Congressman from Pennsylvania, 1866.

SOMERSET.

November 5, 1837. Lyman Enos Knapp. Lieutenant- Colonel in the Civil War, lawyer, editor, author, Governor of Alaska, 1889-1893.

SOUTH HERO.

August 6, 1835. Jewett W. Adams. Lieutenant-Governor of Nevada, 1874-1882, Governor of Nevada, 1882-1886 and Superintendent of the Mint at Carson City, 1894-1898. ONE THOUSAND MEN 251

SPRINGFIELD.

June 28, 1805. Charles B. Hoard. Congressman from New York, 1856-1858. May 21, 1808. James Bates Thomson. Author from 1843 to 1854 of nine mathematical text-

books over ten thousand copies of which were long published annually. An organizer and the first President of the New York State Teacher's Associa-

tion.

May 1, 1818. Edwin Wallace Stoughton. A leader of the New York Bar. United States Minis- ter to Russia.

October 6, 1822. Pliny Holton White. Lawyer, clergyman, author, historian, President of the Vermont Historical Society.

October 27, 1823. Frederick Wardsworth Porter. One of the first in America to successfully make daguerreotypes.

April 26, 1833. Walbridge Abner Field. Congressman from Massachusetts, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, 1890-1899 and Assistant Attorney-General of the United States.

March 18, 1840. Charles Butler Holmes. Many years president of street railway companies in Chicago, St. Louis, Rock Island, Moline and Daven- port. In 1889 called "The Street Railway King of America."

March 23, 1842. Dudley Chase Haskell. Speaker of the House of Representatives in Kansas and six times Congressman from that State. June 21, 1862. George Ellsworth Johnson. Educator and writer of works on educational topics. 252 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

February 20, 1868. William Byron Forbush. Clergyman, Chautauquan lecturer and author of some eight books for the young. December 24, 1876. Fred T. Field. Assistant Attorney-General of Massachusetts, 1905- 1914.

STAMFORD.

January 14, 1841. Stephen C. Millard. Lawyer, Congressman from New York. STOCKBRIDGE.

September 16, 1803. Orestes Augustus Brownson.

Theologian, editor, politician and prolific author. He was a Presbyterian, Universalist and Unitarian clergyman and then became and long continued a leader among the laymen in the Catholic Church. December 19, 1815. Zachary Eddy. Presbyterian clergyman and author. February 27, 1825. Isaac Sawyer Belcher. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California. July 27, 1827. Solon Marks. Surgeon in the Civil War, long a general surgeon for the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, many years President of the Wisconsin State Board of Health. Author.

May 23, 1831. William Oscar Perkins. Musician and author of over sixty volumes of music and works on the subject. October 16, 1832. George Crockett Strong. Chief of Staff under Butler in the Civil War, advanced to Brigadier-General and killed while leading his command. ONE THOUSAND MEN 253

October 1, 1837. Hiram A. Kimball. Inventor of the saw for sawing marble. STOWE.

November 30, 1832. George Whitman Hendee. Lawyer, banker, Congressman from Vermont, Lieuten- ant-Governor of Vermont and Governor of that State 1870-1872.

STRAFFORD.

April 14, 1810. Justin Smith Morrill. Congressman from Vermont, 1854-1866, Senator from Vermont, 1866-1898. Capitalist. May 31, 1814. James Barrett. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1857-1880.

October 16, 1839. Curtis Sawyer Barrett. Coal and iron magnate of Ohio. Philanthropist. STRATTON.

October 5, 1793. Irah Chase. Clergyman, author and a founder of the Newton Theo-

logical Institute. SUDBURY.

February 26, 1828. Edwin Atkins Merritt. Superintendent of the Soldier's Home in New York City. Naval officer of the Port of New York and both Surgeon and Collector of that Port. U. S. Consul-General in London. SUNDERLAND.

March 27, 1859. Arthur Graves Canfield. Professor in the University of Kansas and the Uni- versity of Michigan. Author. 254 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY SUTTON.

April 30, 1823. Henry Oscar Houghton. Book publisher. Founder of the firm of Houghton, Mifflin & Co., and the Riverside Press.

January 25, 1837. James Monroe Ingalls. Colonel in the regular Army and author of several volumes on ballistics and gunnery.

SWANTON.

April 21, 1828. Dexter Edgar Converse. Cotton manufacturer and college president. Chief promoter at one time of the manufacture of cotton in the South.

March 6, 1850. Joseph Weeks Babcock. Long Congressman from Wisconsin.

April 15, 1869. Albert Davis Mead. Professor in Brown University, 1901-1914, author,

biologist and President of the Rhode Island Audubon Society.

Lucien B. Caswell. Lawyer, banker and for twenty years a Congressman from Wisconsin.

THETFORD.

1775. Prince Saunders. Author, lawyer and Attorney-General of Hayti (Colored).

September 23, 1789. Gustavus Loomis. Served in the 1812, the Florida, Mexican and Civil Wars, becoming Brigadier-General. ONE THOUSAND MEN 255

September 2, 1803. Harvey Newcomb. Clergyman, editor of the Christian Herald, the Boston Traveler and the New York Observer, author of one hundred and seventy-eight volumes, fourteen of which were on church history and the remainder chiefly books for children. 1817. George Reed. Secretary of the National Life Insurance Co., 1852- 1897.

May 7, 1820. Oramel Hosford. Author, college professor and Superintendent of Public Instruction in Michigan. July 21, 1825. Carlos Slafter. Educator and author of several books on history and fiction.

April 26, 1827. Charles Edward Hovey. Lawyer, college professor, President of the Illinois State Teachers' Association.

April 13, 1832. Lyman G. Hinckley. Lawyer, Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1874-1875. June 12, 1838. Sherburne Wesley Burnham. Astronomer. Discover and cataloguer of over one thousand stars.

October 13, 1848. William Baxter Palmer Closson. Wood engraver and artist. October 8, 1855. Stedman Willard Clary. Educational publisher, member of the firm of D. C. Heath & Co. and editor-in-chief of Heath's Modern Language Series.

October 1, 1866. Dean Conant Worcester.

Educator. Author of a history of the Philippine Islands and an early student of their affairs. Secre- tary of the Interior in the Philippines and Insular-

. Governor, 1901-1914. 256 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY TINMOUTH.

February 17, 1778. H. G. Spofford. Author from 1809 to 1825 of several books on New

York and its history. August 12, 1787. Stephen Royce. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1825- 18271829-1852. Governor of Vermont, 1854-1856. March 20, 1822. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Clark. Physician and author. October 18, 1862. Owen Hamilton Gates. Librarian of Andover Theological Seminary and of the Harvard Theological Library. TOPSHAM.

October, 1820. Ira Divol. College professor, lawyer, State Superintendent of Schools in Missouri and founder of the St. Louis

Public Library. May 29, 1833. James Renwick Wilson Sloane. President in Ohio of Richmond and Geneva Colleges. January 10, 1839. Robert Gibson McNiece. Editor, clergyman and Dean of the faculty in West- minster College, Salt Lake City, 1897-1914. January 24, 1851. George Augustus Gates. Clergyman and author. President of Iowa College, Pomona College and Fiske University. August 21, 1852. James H. Peabody. Merchant and banker, Governor of Colorado. TOWNSHEND.

November 5, 1810. Alphonso Taft. United States Secretary of War, United States At- torney-General. Minister to Austria and Minister to Russia. Father of President William H. Taft. ONE THOUSAND MEN 257

April 9, 1821. Ossian Doolittle Ashley. Member of the New York Stock Exchange, President of the Boston Stock Exchange, organizer and long President of the Wabash Railroad, banker and author.

April 16, 1821. Ambrose Arnold Ranney. Lawyer. Congressman from Massachusetts, 1881-1887. TUNBRIDGE.

April 21, 1788. David Manning Camp. Lawyer, Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1836-1841. 1801. Ebenezer Bancroft Williston.

President of Jefferson College in Mississippi. Author. April 20, 1839. Corcellus Hubbard Hackett. Financier and merchant. Member of the firm of Hackett, Carhart & Co. of New York. UNDERHILL.

November 2, 1844. Cornelius Sullivan Palmer. Associate Justice Supreme Court of North Dakota, 1884-1888. VERGENNES.

May 18, 1798. Ethan Allen Hitchcock. Instructor at West Point. Served through the Mexican and Civil Wars, becoming a Major-General. Author. February 16, 1818. Joseph Ketchum Edgerton. President of the Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad. Congressman from Indiana. August 29, 1818. Frederick E. Woodbridge. Congressman from Vermont, 1863-1869. December 17, 1820. Charles Brush Lawrence. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois.

17 258 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

June 3, 1836. Charles Nathaniel Hewitt. Physician in the Army. Surgeon and college professor. VERNON.

September 23, 1820. John Stebbins Lee. From 1859 to 1868, the first President of St. Lawrence University. Author of works on travel and art. March 29, 1863. William Orrin Emery. Chemist. Instructor and professor in the University of Bonn and in Wabash College. VERSHIRE.

January 3, 1810. Henry Keyes. President of the Connecticut & Passumpsic River and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroads. Three times the Democratic candidate for Governor of Ver- mont. Financier.

September 5, 1825. Freeman Godfrey. Banker, financier, railroad builder and president. March 30, 1847. Henry Arthur Elkins. Artist.

WAITSFIELD.

November 29, 1816. Henry Mower Rice. Congressman and Senator from; Minnesota, United States Indian Commissioner.

January 11, 1819. Chauncy Smith. One time the foremost patent lawyer in New England. Author and editor of legal works. February 14, 1819. Edmund Rice. A soldier in the Mexican War. Railroad president, Mayor of St. Paul and Congressman from Minnesota. November 26, 1830. Roswell G. Horr. Congressman from Michigan. ONE THOUSAND MEN 259

March 22, 1858. Arthur B. Bisbee. Chief Medical Examiner National Life Insurance Co., 1890-1914. June 29, 1858. Arthur Charles Jackson. Traveler, lecturer, President of the Illinois Good Roads Association and of the International Good Roads and Automobile Association.

May 15, 1871. Matt Bushnell Jones. Lawyer and author. WALDEN.

March 10, 1845. Charles James Bell. An officer in the Civil War, Master of the Vermont State Grange, 1894-1906, Vermont Railroad Commis- sioner, Governor of Vermont, 1904-1906. September 14, 1860. Fred George Russ Gordon. Journalist and author. WALLINGFORD.

August 22, 1803. James Whitehorne. Artist. Recording Secretary of the National Academy of Design. May 25, 1811. Daniel Roberts. For nearly sixty years a leading lawyer of Vermont.

October 4, 1831. Charles John Ives. President of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railroad, 1894-1902. Gilbert Hart

Inventor of the Hart emery wheel. Capitalist. WARDSBORO.

July 22, 1795. Thomas William Harvey.

Inventor, capitalist, patentor of the gimlet pointed screw, founder of the Harvey Steel & Iron Co. of Mott Haven, N. Y. 260 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

December 23, 1811. Rensselaer David Chanceford Robbins.

College professor, linguist and translator.

February 8, 1825. Miles Justin Knowlton. Missionary to China, author and lecturer.

October 6, 1833. James Mellen Gleason. For forty years an officer of the John Hancock Life Insurance Co. and long its Treasurer.

December 26, 1842. Lavant Murray Read. Long a leading Vermont lawyer.

October 17, 1870. Clarke C. Fitts.

Attorney-General of Vermont, 1904-1908. A leading lawyer of the State. WATERBURY.

October, 1802. Lucius Peck. Railroad president, Congressman from Vermont, 1847- 1851. United States District Attorney, 1853-1857.

July 24, 1829. Joseph Warren. Editor of the Country Gentleman and of the Buffalo Courier, President of the New York Press Associa- tion and long a leader of Democracy in Western New York.

November 21, 1831. William Wirt Henry. Colonel in the Civil War, United States Marshal and United States Consul at Quebec, 1897-1909.

October 30, 1835. Edward Wells. A founder and President of the Wells & Richardson

Co., of Burlington. Capitalist.

December 14, 1837. William Wells. Served with marked distinction in the Civil War, be- coming a Major-General A founder of Wells, Rich- ardson & Co. Capitalist. ONE THOUSAND MEN 261

December 12, 1843. William Paul Dillingham. Lawyer, Vermont State Tax Commissioner, Governor of Vermont, 1888-1890, Senator from Vermont, 1900- 1914.

February 15, 1848. Henry Wells.

President Wells, Richardson & Co. Capitalist.

December 9, 1849. Frank Dillingham. Consul and Consul-General, 1897-1914, at Auckland, Aix la Chapelle and Coburg.

December 14, 1859. Mason Sereno Stone. Superintendent of Schools in Manila, long Vermont State Superintendent of Education.

August 19, 1860. Charles E. Lee. General Superintendent Boston & Maine Railroad, 1906- 1914. WATERFORD.

August 14, 1819. Jacob Benton. Congressman from New Hampshire.

April 30, 1826. Jonathan Ross. For sixteen years Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont and a Senator from that State.

January 28, 1829. Alonzo Philetus Carpenter. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire. WATERVILLE.

May 15, 1834. La Fayette Wilbur. Lawyer, author of a history of Vermont and the gene- ologist of the Wilbur family.

October 22, 1856. Roger W. Hulburd. A leading lawyer of Vermont. 262 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY WEATHERSFIELD.

April 10, 1804. Isaac Fletcher Redfield. Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1835-1860, professor at Dart- mouth, author and editor of several works on law

and editor of the American Law Register, 1862-1876.

May 31, 1809. Don Alonzo Joshua Upham. Lawyer, editor, Mayor of Milwaukee and United States Attorney for Wisconsin.

May 8, 1819. John Peter Squire.

Packer and capitalist. Founder of the Boston firm of John P. Squire & Co.

November 28, 1834. Edgar Jay Sherman. Six times Attorney-General of Massachusetts and Asso- ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of that State.

February 17, 1836. Justus Dartt. Educator. Vermont State Superintendent, 1880-1888.

March 1, 1836. Edward Farmer. Entered the United States Navy in 1859 and rose to the rank of Rear-Admiral.

August 27, 1842. William Wade Dudley. Served as a Captain in the Civil War, lawyer, United States Commissioner of Pensions and Treasurer of the Republican National Convention in 1888. WELLS.

April 13, 1842. Anson Rogers Graves. Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the Platte, 1890-1910. Author.

Abner Lewis. Member of Congress from New York. ONE THOUSAND MEN ^ 263

WESTFIELD. | n . > j

January 10, 1843. Carroll Smalley Page.

Banker, capitalist, long the largest dealer in hides and calfskins in the world, Governor of Vermont, 1890- 1892 and Senator from Vermont, 1909-1914.

December 30, 1856. Thomas Jefferson Boynton. Attorney-General of Massachusetts, 1913-1914. WESTFORD.

November 1, 1815. Luke P. Poland.

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1857- 1865 and Congressman and Senator from the State.

January 9, 1832. Philo Judson Farnsworth. Physician, author and professor in the University of Iowa.

October 19, 1833. William Cleaver Wilkinson. Clergyman, Dean of literature and arts in Chautauqua University, author of numerous works used by Chautauquans and a prolific writer of books on re- ligious subjects.

February 26, 1848. Seneca Haselton. United States Minister to Venezuela. Superior Judge in Vermont, 1906-1908 and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1902-19061908-1914. WESTMINSTER.

March 23, 1782. William C. Bradley. Congressman from Vermont, 1813-1815 and 1823-1827.

May 13, 1792. George E. Wales. Speaker of Vermont House of Representatives, 1825- 1829. 264 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

January 23, 1809. Edmund Burke. Lawyer, editor and Congressman from New Hamp- shire. United States Commissioner of Patents, 1846-1850.

October 17, 1813. Alfred Hitchcock. Surgeon and author. Member Executive Council of Massachusetts. First man to perform the operation of oesophagotomy and one of the first to perform for strangulated hernia.

May 14, 1822. Henry Augustus Willard. Founder of the Hotel Willard in Washington, D. C. Banker, financier, student and philanthropist,

March 5, 1824. Elisha Harris.

Physician, Sanitary Inspector for New York City, United States Register of Vital Statistics and Presi- dent and Secretary of the American Public Health Association. In his times he was called the highest authority on sanitary science in America.

April 24, 1837. Timothy Field Allen. Physician, college lecturer, author of an encyclopedia of materia medica in ten volumes.

July 2, 1843. Charles Wesley Winchester. Clergyman, editor and author. WESTON.

June 10, 1811. Joseph Albee Gilmore. War Governor of New Hampshire.

February 3, 1821. Aaron H. Cragin. Lawyer, Congressman from New Hampshire, 1855- 1859 and Senator, 1865-1871.

1832. Hiram S. Stevens. Twice Congressman from Arizona. ONE THOUSAND MEN 265 WEYBRIDGE.

August 27, 1797. Edwin James. Geologist, author, editor and surgeon. Translated the Bible into an Indian language. The first botanical explorer of the Rocky Mountains. WHEELOCK.

July 18, 1863. William Henry Taylor. Superior Judge of Vermont, 1906-1913 and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, 1913-1914. July 30, 1866. Ozora Stearns Davis. Clergyman, author and President of the Chicago Theo-

logical Seminary.

WHITING.

September 22, 1816. Philetus Sawyer. Capitalist, Mayor of Oshkosh, Wisconsin and Senator from his State.

WHITINGHAM.

October 17, 1784. James Mullett. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of New York. June 1, 1801. Brigham Young. President and long the leader of Mormonism and the Mormon Church. March 23, 1822. James Martin Peebles. United States Consul in Turkey, clergyman, physician, traveler, editor and author. August 18, 1826. H. Boardman Smith. Lawyer, Judge and twice Congressman from New York. June 6, 1832. Henry Whitney Closson. In the Army from 1854 to 1896, becoming Brigadier- General. THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Clark C. Jillson. Mayor of Worcester, Mass., Judge, author of history of Whitingham. WILLIAMSTOWN.

July 8, 1794. Martyn Paine. In 1841 with four other physicians, the founder of the medical department of the University of New York. Author of thirteen volumes on medical subjects. April 10, 1796. Elijah Paine. Associate Justice of the Superior Court of New York and author of works on law.

April 10, 1799. Charles Paine. Governor of Vermont, 1841-1843. 1802. Thomas Davenport. The inventor of the electric motor.

August 10, 1811. Burnham Martin. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1858-1859. July 28, 1861. Henry Blanchard Hersey. Major in Roosevelt's Rough Riders, noted balloonist, author of numerous works on that subject and In- spector of the United States Weather Bureau, 1906- 1914.

WILLISTON.

December 11, 1789. Miron Winslow.

Missionary, founder of a college in Madras, writer of numerous works, his greatest being the Tamil and English Dictionary. October 30, 1799. Hubbard Winslow. Clergyman and author. Head of Mt. Vernon Institute in Boston, 1844-1854. 1821. George H. Taylor. Physician and author. ONE THOUSAND MEN 267

May 24, 1824. Lucius E. Chittenden. Lawyer, author and United States Register of the Treasury.

April 25, 1827. Charles Fayette Taylor. Surgeon, author, founder of the New York Orthopedic Dispensary and Hospital and inventor of devices for the treatment of hip joint and foot diseases.

January 28, 1835. Russell S. Taft. Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, 1872-1874. Asso- ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1880- 1889 and Chief Justice of that Court, 1889-1902.

December 24, 1845. Albert Josiah Lyman. Pastor of South Church (Congregational) in Brooklyn, 1874-1914 and author of many books on religion.

October 7, 1847. Chauncy Wells Brownell. A leading Vermont lawyer. Secretary of State in Ver- mont, 1890-1894.

December 1, 1860. Williston Samuel Hough. College dean, translator, author and editor. WILMINGTON.

September 10, 1813. Frank Hastings Hamilton. Surgeon and college professor. Served through the Civil War and organized the United States General Hospital in New York. Author of six medical works and one of the physicians with Garfield in his last days.

April 27, 1835. James M. Tyler. Congressman from Vermont, 1879-1883. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1887- 1908. 268 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

October 30, 1837. James William Locke. An officer in the Navy, 1861-1865. United States Dis- trict Judge in Florida, 1872-1914.

August 10, 1861. Herbert Joseph Davenport. Political economist and author, a professor in the Uni- versity of Chicago and the University of Missouri. WINDHAM.

February 2, 1832. William Harris Walker. Associate Justice Supreme Court of Vermont, 1884- 1887.

WINDSOR.

January 1, 1768. Jonathan Hatch Hubbard. Congressman from Vermont, 1808-1811 and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1813- 1815. The first native born Vermonter to attain prominence. June 25, 1792. Carlos Coolidge. Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives. Governor of Vermont, 1848-1850.

December 1, 1795. James Whitcomb. Senator from Indiana and twice a Governor of that State. 1799. John Holmes. A Catholic Priest in Canada, educator and author. January 29, 1802. Valentine Baxter Horton.

Manufacturer and capitalist. Congressman from Ohio, 1855-1859 and 1861-1863. August 22, 1802. Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard. Indian trader and a first settler in Chicago. He built there the first warehouse, was a director of the first bank, founded the first Episcopalian Church and built the first large hotel. ONE THOUSAND MEN 269

February 28, 1806. August Allen Hayes. Chemist, college professor and author. Long State assayer of Massachusetts. January 19, 1813. Sewall Sylvester Cutting. Editor, Secretary of the American Baptist Educational Commission and author.

April 22, 1814. Warren Baxter Ewer. Newspaperman. At his earnest request Henry Wilson, the "Natick cobbler," was induced to enter political life and John B. Gough, a reformed drunkard, was by Ewer induced to start on the lecture stage. Founder and for thirty years editor of the San Francisco Mining and Scientific Press. January 10, 1818. James Leland Howard. Founder of the firm of James L. Howard & Co., car

trimming manufacturers. For fifty years a leading manufacturer, banker and insurance man of Con- necticut and Lieutenant-Governor of the State. March 28, 1832. Henry D. Washburn. Lawyer and Congressman from Indiana. Served in the Civil War as a Colonel from that State. January 31, 1835. Jeremiah Evarts Tracy. Long a law partner in New York of Joseph H. Choate and William M. Evarts.

February 20, 1836. Edward Phelps Lull. Naval officer in Civil War, instructor at Annapolis and 1875-1880 hydrographic inspector of coast survey. November 15, 1838. William Emerson Damon. Superintendent of credit department at Tiffany's, New York. Author.

July 26, 1840. William H. H. Stowell. United States Collector of Internal Revenue and three

times Congressman from Virginia. 270 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

December 9, 1841. Roger Sherman Tracy. Sanitarian. Inspector of prisons and hospitals and Register of Vital Statistics in New York City. Author of works on hygiene. 1844. Vietts Lysander Rice. Inventor of the "roller process" for the manufacture of flour. Introduced the system of pumps supply- ing Minneapolis its water. Corporation President. December 30, 1844. Norman Bridge. Physician, author and professor in the University of Chicago, 1887-1901. July 2, 1845. Frederic A. Hinckley. Philadelphia clergyman and author. August 19, 1856. John Cotton Dana. Librarian of the Denver, Col., Springfield, Mass, and

Newark, N. J., Public Libraries. March 20, 1860. Ernest Howard. Journalist and author. Long an editor of the Spring- field Republican.

July 5, 1867. Andrew Elliott Douglass. Astronomer at Harvard Observatory, 1889-1894. Pro- fessor of physics and acting President of the Uni- versity of Arizona. WINHALL.

January 17, 1829. Lewis Addison Grant. Served in the Civil War as Colonel and Brigadier- General. Assistant Secretary of War under Harri- son. WOODBURY.

George Washington Ainsworth. Hotel Long owner and proprietor of the United States in Saratoga. ONE THOUSAND MEN 271 WOODFORD.

December 8, 1823. Trenor William Park.

Lawyer, banker, railroad president and capitalist. WOODSTOCK.

August 2, 1783. Sylvester Churchill. Editor. Lieutenant, Major, Adjutant-General and Brigadier-General in the 1812 and Mexican Wars.

November 6, 1791. Norman Williams. Lawyer, Secretary of State, 1823-1831. March 15, 1801. George Perkins Marsh. Congressman from Vermont. Minister to Turkey,

1849-1853 and Minister to Italy, 1861-1882. Lawyer, scholar, lecturer and author. 1802. Truman Bishop Ransom. President of Norwich University and later serving as a Colonel in the Mexican War, he was killed in action.

July 29, 1805. Hiram Powers. Sculptor. Maker of the "Greek Slave." October 17, 1823. Henry Swan Dana. Author of the History of Woodstock and of other works.

February 26, 1825. John Van Ness Standish. Professor in and President of Lombard University for forty years. Traveler. August 22, 1827. Joseph Anthony Mower. Soldier. Served in the Mexican and Civil Wars, be- coming a Major-General. General Sherman said of him, "A better soldier or a braver man never lived." June 4, 1842. Samuel Brenton Whitney. Organist for over forty years in the Church of the Advent in Boston. Composer of church music. 272 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

March 25, 1852. Charles Loomis Dana. Physician and author of works on nervous diseases. Professor at Dartmouth and Cornell and President of the New York Academy of Medicine.

September 11, 1852. Frederick Crayton Ainsworth. Soldier, rose in active service to rank of Brigadier-

General, Chief of Record and Pension office, retired in 1912 as Major-General.

1853. Harry Chase. Artist.

October 15, 1856. John Clarence Lee. President of St. Lawrence University, 1896-1899. Pastor of the Church of Restoration in Philadelphia, 1900-1914. Author.

April 5, 1858. Charles Wallace French. Teacher and author.

November 19, 1858. Francis Hobart Herrick.

Biologist and author of books on natural history. Professor in Western Reserve University, 1891-1914.

May 9, 1859. Charles Hial Darling. Lawyer. Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1901-1905. Collector of Customs at Burlington, 1905-1914.

February 11, 1865. Leo Rich Lewis. Professor of music in Tufts College, 1895-1914. Vol- uminous composer and author.

June 18, 1867. Leighton P. Slack. Lawyer and Associate Justice, 1914. Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of Vermont, 1910-1912.

Henry Sullivan Marcy. President of the Fitchburg Railroad. ONE THOUSAND MEN 273 VERMONT BORN MEN WHOSE NATIVE TOWNS ARE UNKNOWN TO THE COMPILER.

April 12, 1838. Melvin R. Baldwin. Congressman from Minnesota. 1802. John S. Barry. Governor of Michigan, 1841-1846.

October 17, 1830. Homer Lyman Bartlett. Physician and writer of medical and historical works. About 1830. Amos Beckwith. Serving in Seminole and Civil Wars, became a Briga- dier-General.

Hiram Bell. Congressman from Ohio. October 28, 1808. Simon B. Bissell. Commodore in the United States Navy. About 1825. Edward Carlisle Boynton. Served in Mexican, Seminole and Civil Wars. Author

of works on West Point and military history.

February 3, 1806. Ansel Briggs. First Governor of Iowa, 1846-1850, a pioneer and builder of that State. 1813. Alexander W. Buel. Congressman from Michigan, 1849-1851. August 9, 1817. Lucien B. Chase. Congressman from Tennessee, 1845-1849. Author. 1785. Henry Chipman. United States Judge for the District of Michigan. John S. Chipman. Congressman from Michigan, 1845-1847. Ezra Clark Congressman from Connecticut. September 24, 1821. Alban Jasper Conant. Artist and author. A painter of Lincoln. 18 274 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

About 1802. Hannibal Day. From 1823 to 1864, an officer in the Army, serving in the Black Hawk, Seminole, Mexican and Civil Wars, becoming Brigadier-General. Samuel S. Ellsworth. Congressman from New York. 1804. Thomas Jefferson Farnham. Author of books on travel. About 1783. Ezra C. Goss. Congressman from New York. December 24, 1802. Horace Green.

Physician and college professor. Author of several works on medical subjects. 1825. Alfred Hudson Guernsey. Editor for many years of Harper's Magazine. An editor of the American Encylopedia and with Henry M. Alden (another Vermonter) editor of Harper's Pictorial History of the Great Rebellion. November 7, 1844. Forrest Henry Hathaway. Serving through Civil War, entered the regular Army and retired in 1904 as Brigadier-General. Harry Hibbard. Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representa- tives. Congressman from New Hampshire, 1849- 1855.

September 27, 1848. James H. Hiland. Vice-President of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad.

January 14, 1831. Henry Clay Hodges.

Graduate of West Point, served fifty years in the regular Army becoming Colonel. Jedediah Hosford. Congressman from New York. ONE THOUSAND MEN 275

Thomas M. Howe. Congressman from Pennsylvania. William Hunter. Congressman from Vermont, 1817-1819.

A. J. Johnson. Publisher of Johnson's Encyclopedia. Harvey A. Johnson. Congressman from Ohio, 1853-1855. Jesse O. Norton. Many times Congressman from Illinois. 1831. A. X. Parker. Congressman from New York. Reuben Robbie. Congressman from New York, 1851-1853. 1824. Silas W. Sanderson.

Lawyer and author. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California. 1778. Henry Shaw. Congressman from Massachusetts, 1816. Socrates N. Sherman. Congressman from New York. January 3, 1829. Rodney Smith. Brigadier-General in the United States Army. About 1796. Henry Stanton. Served in 1812, Florida and Mexican Wars, rising to rank of Colonel. August 29, 1800. Hiram Walden. Congressman from New York, 1849-1851. 1792. Reuben Wood. Captain in 1812 War, Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, twice Governor of that State and U. S. Consul at Valparaiso, Chili.

INDEX

INDEX 279

INDEX PAGE PAGE Abbott, Frank Danford 180 Babcock, Joseph Weeks 254 Abbott, Ira Anson 174 Babcock, Lorenzo Allen 178 Adams, Alvin 172 Babcock, Orville E. 204 Adams, Austin 172 Bacon, John L. 194 Adams, Charles Kendall 200 Bailey, George W. 201 Adams, Elmer Bragg 235 Bailey, Guy Winfred 209 Adams, George Burton 203 Bailey, Horace Ward 226 Adams, Herbert 197 Bailey, Jason S. 235 Adams, Jewett W. 250 Bailey, Joseph Mead 219 Aiken, Charles A. 217 Baker, Charles Whiting 215 Aikens, Andrew Jackson 174 Baker, Henry Brooks 184 Aikens, Asa 173 Baker, Moses Nelson 202 Ainsworth, Frederick Crayton 272 Baldwin, Leroy Wilbur 243 Ainsworth, George Washington 270 Baldwin, Melvin R. 273 Alden, Henry Mills 225 Ball, Elmer Darwin 173 Aldis, Asa Owen 244 Ballou, Hosea 207 Aldis, Owen Franklin 245 Bancroft, Charles Parker 247 Aldrich, Henry O. 208 Barber, Amzi Lorenzo 240 Alger, George William 190 Barber, Orion Metcalf 214 Allen, George 220 Barlow, Bradley 203 Allen, Heman 235 Barrett, Curtis Sawyer 253 Allen, Martin F. 204 Barrett, James 253 Allen, Timothy Field 264 Barrett, John 206 Alvord, Benjamin 242 Barrett, Joseph Hartwell 216 Ames, John Griffith 200 Barrett, Otis Warren 197 Anderson, Wilbert Lee 179 Barry, John S. 273 Andrews, Addison Fletcher 193 Barstow, John Lester 249 Andrews, Edmund 236 Bartlett, Homer Lyman 273 Angell, James Rowland 190 Bartlett, Thomas 187 Arnold, Lemuel Hastings 246 Bartlett, Truman Howe 200 Arthur, Chester Alan 203 Barto, Alphonso 212 Ashley, Ossian Doolittle 257 Barton, James Levi 193 Atwood, Charles Edwin 250 Bassett, Ira 223 Atwood, Harrison Henry 215 Batchelder, James Kendrick 233 Atwood, Julius Walter 247 Bates, Henry Clay 200 Austin, Louis Winslow 231 Bates, Lindon Wallace 218 280 INDEX

PAGE PAGE

Baxter, Horace Henry 239 Boynton, Edward Carlisle 273 Baxter, Portus 186 Boynton, Thomas Jefferson 263 Beaman, Fernando C. 195 Bradley, William C. 263 Seaman, George William 243 Brainerd, Ezra 245 Beard, Alanson Wilder 216 Brainerd, Lawrence 209 Beaudry, Louis Napoleon 212 Brewer, Legh Richmond 179 Beckwith, Amos 273 Bridge, Norman 270 Belcher, Isaac Sawyer 252 Briggs, Ansel 273 Bell, Charles James 259 Brown, George Washington 228 Bell, Hiram 273 Browne, Francis Fisher 208 Benedict, George Grenville 188 Brownell, Chauncey Wells 267 Benedict, Robert Dewey 188 Brownson, Orestes Augustus 252 Bennett, Edmund Hatch 217 Buck, Daniel Azro A. 229 Benton, Everett Chamberlin 207 Buckham, James 189 Benton, Jacob 261 Buckham, John Wright 190 Benton, Jay Bayard 207 Buel, Alexander W. 273 Benton, Josiah Henry 171 Burgess, Ebenezer 206 Bergholz, Leo Allen 189 Burke, Edmund 264 Berry, Lucien W. 171 Burnham, Benjamin Franklin 207 Billings, Albert Merritt 241 Burnham, Sherburne Wesley 255 Billings, Frederick 241 Bush, George 229 Bingham, Edmund Franklin 197 Butler, Fred Mason 214 Bingham, Hiram 176 Butler, James Davie 243 Bingham, William H. H. 204 Butterfield, Franklin George 240 Bisbee, Arthur B. 259 Butterfield, Ora Elmer 185 Bisbee, Marvin Davis 196 Buxton, William Albert 215 Bishop, Samuel Henry 214 Byrnes, Timothy Edward 240 Bissell, Simon B. 273 Bissell, William H. A. 237 Caldwell, John Curtis 215 Blake, Lucius S. 187 Cameron, John Stark 244 Blanchard, John 232 Camp, David Manning 257 Bliss, Daniel 205 Camp, Isaac N. 201 Boardman, George Nye 233 Canfield, Arthur Graves 253 Boardman, Halsey J. 229 Canfield, Thomas Hawley 172 Boardman, Samuel Ward 233 Carleton, Hiram 175 Bond, George Herbert 201 Carpenter, Alonzo Philetus 261 Bowen, George 218 Carpenter, Matthew Hale 223 Bowman, Edward Morris 174 Caswell, Lucien B. 254 INDEX 281

PAGE PAGE Gate, George W. 222 Closson, William Barter Palmer 255 Catlin, Charles Albert 189 Cobb, Carlos 173 Catlin, Henry Guy 189 Colburn, Lewis Larned 222 Catlin, Robert Mayo 189 Colburn, Zerah 190 Chamberlin, Everett 226 Colby, James Fairbanks 246 Chamberlin, George White 248 Colby, Stoddard Benham 200 Chamberlin, Horace Elliott 226 Colton, Eben Pomeroy 203 Chamberlin, John Elliott 180 Colton, Gardner Quincy 205 Chamberlin, Joseph Edgar 226 Colton, Walter 242 Chamberlin, Selah 183 Colver, Nathaniel 231 Chandler, Albert Brown 237 Colvocoresses, George Partridge 230 Chandler, William Wallace 237 Conant, Alban Jasper 273 Chase, Harry 272 Conant, Carlos Everett 190 Chase, Irah 253 Conant, Edward 234 Chase, Lucien B. 273 Conant, Thomas Jefferson 181 Cheney, Thomas Charles 224 Converse, Dexter Edgar 254 Chickering, Elmer 183 Converse, George Albert 230 Chipman, Henry 273 Converse, John Heman 188 Chipman, John S. 273 Coolidge, Carlos 268 Chittenden, Lucius E. 267 Corliss, John Blaisdell 239 Christie, Alexander 212 Cowles, Edward 244 Church, Alonzo 183 Cragin, Aaron H. 264 Churchill, John Wesley 204 Crane, Aaron Martin 205 Churchill, Sylvester 271 Crockett, Walter Hill 197 Clapp, William B. 221 Cross, Charles Herbert 223 Clark, Charles C. P. 256 Cutler, Harry Morton 223 Clark, Charles Edgar 181 Cutting, Charles Sidney 212 Clark, Ezra 273 Cutting, Hiram A. 197 Clark, Merritt 220 Cutting, Sewall Sylvester 269 Clark, Nathaniel George 191 Cutting, Starr Willard 185 Clark, Osman Dewey 223 Cutts, Marsena E, 231 Clark, William Bullock 185 Clarke, Aaron 231 Dale, George N. 202 Clarke, Albert 206 Damon, William Emerson 269 Clary, Stedman Willard 255 Dana, Charles 182 Clement, Percival W. 243 Dana, Charles Loomis 272 demons, Charles Frederic 218 Dana, Henry Swan 271 Closson, Henry Whitney 265 Dana, John Cotton 270 282 INDEX

PAGE PAGE Dana, Judah 235 Doolittle, Charles Camp 188 Darling, Charles Hial 272 Dorr, Ebenezer Pearson 210 Darling, Charles Kimball 198 Dorsey, Stephen W. 178 Darling, Joseph Kimball 197 Doten, Carroll Warren 231 Dartt, Justus 262 Douglas, Andrew Ellicott 270 Davenport, Herbert Joseph 268 Douglas, Orlando Benajah 198 Davenport, Thomas 266 Douglas, Stephen A. 182 Davis, Gilbert Asa 195 Draper, Alonzo Granville 184 Davis, Ozora Stearns 265 Draper, William Henry 184 Davis, Thomas T. 218 DuBois, William Henry 237 Day, Hannibal 274 Dudley, William Wade 262 Dean, Amos 173 Dunnett, Alexander 232 Deavitt, Edward Harrington 223 Dunton, Walter C. 186 Deere, Charles Henry 200 Durkee, Charles 241 Delano, Columbus 249 Dutcher, Frank Jerome 177 Deming, Benjamin F. 199 Dyer, Charles Volney 196 Denio, Francis Brigham 202 Dyer, Heman 248 Denison, Charles 241 Denison Dudley Chase 241 Earle, Parker 225 Denison, Henry Willard 207 Eaton, Dorman Bridgman 209 Dewey, Albert Gallatin 210 Eaton, Horace 174 Dewey, Charles 222 Eddy, Ezra Butler 186 Dewey, Davis Rich 189 Eddy, Zachary 252 Dewey, Edward 222 Edgerton, Joseph Ketchum 257 Dewey, George 222 Edmunds, George F. 239 Dewey, Hiram Todd 235 Edson, Franklin 195 Joel Allen 205 Dewey, Eldridge, Charles A. 186 John 190 Dewey, Elkins, Henry Arthur 258 Dewey, Julius Y. 179 Ellsworth, Charles C. 178 Dillingham, Frank 261 Ellsworth, Samuel S. 274 Dillingham, William Paul 261 Emerson, Charles Wesley 233 Divol, Ira 256 Emerson, Curtis A. 229 Dixon, Luther S. 220 Emery, Curtis Stanton 186 Dodge, Henry Lee 222 William Orrin 258 Dodge, Thomas H. 201 Emery, Dodge, Willis Edward 216 Emmons, George Foster 196 Doe, Edward M. 190 Estey, Julius J. 184 Doe, Freeman J. 225 Ewer, Warren Baxter 269 INDEX 283

PAGE PAGE Fairbanks, Franklin 246 Foss, George Edmund 179 Fairbanks, Henry 246 Foster, Asa Belknap 201 Fairbanks, Horace 174 Foster David Johnson 175 Farmer, Edward 262 Foster, Herbert Sidney 191 Farnham, Thomas Jefferson 274 Foster, John Gilman 200 Farnsworth, Philo Judson 263 Foster, William Eaton 185 Farr, Albert George 182 French, Charles Wallace 272 Ferrin, William Nelson 175 French, George 197 Field, Benjamin 200 French, Mansfield 217 Field, Charles Kellogg 223 Frost, Albert Ellis 246 Field, Edward Danvenport 244 Frost, Charles Christopher 183 Field, Fred T. 252 Frost, Edwin Brant 185 Field, Henry Francis 182 Fuller, William Eddy 185 Field, Roswell Martin 226 Field, Walbridge Abner 251 Gardner, Abraham Brookins 236 Fifield, Benjamin Franklin 230 Gardner, George Warren 234 Fillmore, Nathaniel 177 Garfielde, Selucius 250 Finney, Darwin A. 250 Gates, George Augustus 256 Fish, Frank Leslie 227 Gates, Owen Hamilton 256 Fish, Henry Clay 208 Gifford, James Meacham 221 Fisk, Harvey, 227 Gilbert, Frank 233 Fisk, James 236 Gilbert, George Holley 193 Fisk, Nelson Wilber 213 Gilfillan, John Bachop 174 Fisk, Richmond 177 Gilman, Marcus Davis 191 Fisk, Wilbur 183 Gilmore, Joseph Albree 264 Fitts, Clarke C. 260 Gilmore, William H. 203 Fleetwood, Frederick G. 247 Gleason, James Mellen 260 Fletcher, Henry A. 192 Gleed, Charles Sumner 224 Fletcher, Richard 192 Gleed, James Willis 224 Fletcher, Ryland 192 Godfrey, Freeman 258 Fletcher, William Isaac 189 Goodell, Constans Liberty 191 Follett, John Fassett 238 Goodspeed, Frank Lincoln 223 Follett, Martin Dewey 202 Goodwin, Wells 244 Follett, Timothy 176 Gordon, Fred George Russ 259 Folsom, Harley E. 216 Goss, Ezra C. 274 Foot, Solomon 198 Granger, William Smith 233 Forbush, William Byron 252 Grant, Lewis Addison 270 Foss, Eugene Noble 179 Graves, Anson Rogers 262 284 INDEX

PAGE PAGE Graves, James Robinson 195 Haskell, Dudley Chase 251 Gray, Edgar Harkness 186 Haskins, Kittredge 201 Gray, Ora Samuel 249 Hatch, Abram 215 Green, Edward Henry 239 Hatch, A. S. 230 Green, Horace 274 Hatch, Henry Reynolds 206 Greene, Frank Lester 245 Hatch, Lorenzo J. 200 Greene, Samuel Harrison 202 Hathaway, Forrest Henry 274 Greenleaf, Charles Henry 199 Hawkins, Rush Christopher 234 Greenleaf, Halbert Stevens 208 Hayes, August Allen 269 Gregory, Samuel 207 Hayes, Lyman Simpson 220 Grinnell, Josiah Bushnell 227 Hayes, Rutherford 183 Griswold, Rufus Wilmot 178 Haynes, Emory James 190 Griswold, William D. 178 Hazeltine, Ira S. 172 Grout, Abel Joel 227 Hazen, Allen 211 Grout, Don DeForest 224 Hazen, Charles Downer 175 Grout, Lewis 227 Hazen, William Babcock 210 Guernsey, Alfred Hudson 274 Heald, Daniel A. 195 Guernsey, Henry Newell 239 Heaton, Homer Wallace 179 Hendee, George Whitman 253 Hackett, Corellus Hubbard 257 Henry, Horace Chapin 177 Hager, Albert David 195 Henry, Hugh 195 Haile, William 236 Henry, Hugh 196 Hale, Philip 230 Henry, William Wirt 260 Hale, Robert Safford 194 Herrick, Francis Hobart 272 Hall, Alfred Allen 173 Herrick, George Frederick 221 Hall, Frederick 205 Herrick, John Russell 220 Hall, Hiland 176 Herrick, Lucius Carroll 237 Hamilton, Frank Hastings 267 Herrick, Stephen Solon 237 Hammond, Abram Adams 183 Herring, Silas Clarke 250 Hanks, Horace Tracy 237 Hersey, Henry Blanchard 266 Harding, Henry 211 Hewitt, Charles Nathaniel 258 Harris, Elisha 264 Hibbard, Ellery Albee 246 Harris, Silas 248 Hibbard, Harry 274 Hart, Gilbert 259 Higbee, Elnathan Elisha 246 Harvey, George B. M. 232 Higley, Edwin Hall 192 Harvey, Peter 174 Hiland, James H. 274 Harvey, Thomas William 259 Hill, Charles Shattuck 203 Haselton, Seneca 263 Hill, John Alexander 177 INDEX 285

PAGE PAGE Hinckley, Frederic A. 270 Howe, Thomas M. 275 Hinckley, Lyman G. 255 Hoyt, Charles Albert 188 Hitchcock, Alfred 264 Hubbard, Gurdon Saltonstall 268 Hitchcock, Ethan Allen 257 Hubbard, Jonathan Hatch 268 Hitchcock, Henry 187 Hudson, Henry Norman 198 Hitchcock, Loranus Eaton 239 Hulbert, Archer Butler 177 Hoard, Charles B. 251 Hulbert, Calvin Butler 249 Hodges, George T. 196 Hulbert, Henry Woodward 249 Hodges, Henry Clay 274 Hulbert, Homer Bezaleel 228 Hodges, Silas Henry 196 Hulburd, Roger W. 261 Holbrook, John 211 Hunt, Richard Morris 184 Holmes, Bayard Taylor 229 Hunt, William Morris 184 Holmes, Charles Butler 251 Hunter, William 275 Holmes, Elias B. 204 Hurlbut, Byron Satterlee 249 Holmes, John 268 Huse, Hiram Augustus 237 Holton, Henry Dwight 240 Huse, William L. 199 Hood, Charles Ira 194 Hooker, Herman 235 Ide, George Barton 199 Hopkins, Charles Jerome 188 Ide, Henry Clay 174 Hopkins, Frank 232 Ingalls, James Monroe 254 Horsford, Jerediah 193 Isham, Edward Swift 177 Horr, Roswell G. 258 Isham, Pierrepont 217 Horton, Valentine Baxter 268 Ives, Charles John 259 Hosford, Jedediah 274 Hosford, Oramel 255 Jackson, Arthur Charles 259 Hough, Williston Samuel 267 James, Edwin 265 Houghton, George Frederick 207 Jameson, John Alexander 213 Houghton, Henry Oscar 254 Jennings, Frederic Beach 177 Hovey, Charles Edward 255 Jennings, Isaac 178 Hovey, Otis Ellis 209 Jennison, Silas H. 249 Howard, Ernest 270 Jewett, Isaac Appleton 187 Howard, Jacob Merritt 248 Jewett, Milo P. 246 Howard, James Leland 269 Jillson, Clark C. 266 Howard, John Purple 187 Jocelyn, Stephen Perry 187 Howard, William Alanson 212 Johnson, Alexander George 225 Howe, Fisher 239 Johnson, A. J. 275 Howe, Malverd Abijah 228 Johnson, Artemas Nixon 219 Howe, Marshall Avery 227 Johnson, Burges 244 INDEX

PAGE PAGE Johnson, Edwin Ferry 202 Lee, Charles E. 261 Johnson, George Ellsworth 251 Lee, John Clarence 272 Johnson, Harvey A. 275 Lee, John Stebbins 258 Johnson, Jesse 181 Leonard, Orville R. 234 Johnson, Oliver 232 Lewis, Abner 262 Johnston, William Dawson 202 Lewis, J. J. 223 Johonnot, James 180 Lewis, Leo Rich 272 Jones, George 235 Lewis, Robert Ellsworth 179 Jones, Matt Bushnell 259 Lincoln, Charles Z. 206 Lindsay, John Wesley 175 Kasson, John Adams 193 Linsley, Joel Hervey 198 Kellogg, Loyal Case 178 Liscum, Emerson Hamilton 213 Kellogg, William Pitt 231 Locke, James William 268 Kendrick, Asahel Clark 235 Loomis, Alfred Lebbens 177 Kendrick, James Ryland 236 Loomis, Gustavus 254 Kent, Ira Rich 191 Loomis, Justin 176 Keyes, Elisha W. 228 Loomis, Nelson Henry 212 Keyes, Henry 258 Lord, William Adams 222 Kidder, Jefferson P. 181 Lougee, Willis Eugene 194 Kilbourne, Edward Corliss 247 Lovely, John A. 189 Kimball, Heber Chase 249 Lull, Edward Phelps 269 Kimball, Hiram A. 253 Lyman, Albert Josiah 267 Kimball, Robert Jackson 237 Lyon, A. Maynard 182 Kingsley, Darwin Pearl 172 Kinney, Jonathan Kendrick 241 MacCracken, John Henry 239 Knapp, Chauncey L. 179 Mansfield, John Brainard 172 Knapp, Lyman Enos 250 Mansur, Zophar Mack 224 Knowlton, Frank Hall 182 Marcy, Henry Sullivan 272 Knowlton, Miles Justin 260 Markham, Charles C. 188 Knowlton, Paul Howard 226 Marks, Solon 252 Marsh, Carmi L. 205 Ladd, William Sargent 213 Marsh, George Perkins 271 Lampson, Curtis Miranda 227 Marsh, James 209 Lane, Moses 228 Martin, Burnham 266 Langdon, James Robbins 221 Martin, George 218 Langdon, William Chauncy 188 Martin, James Loren 215 Langworthy, Charles Ford 220 Mathewson, Charles Frederick 175 Lawrence, Charles Brush 257 Mattacks, Charles Porter 199 INDEX 287

PAGE PAGE Mayo, Henry T. 189 Morse, Charles Hosmer 246 McClary, Nelson Alvin 171 Morse, Harmon Northrup 191 Mclntyre, Hugh Henry 238 Morton, Levi Parsons 250 McKeen, Silas 197 Mosier, Joseph 187 McLaughlin, Napoleon Moulton, Clarence Egerton 238 Bonaparte 194 Moulton, George Mayhew 238 McNlece, Robert Gibson 256 Mower, Joseph Anthony 271 Meacham, James 242 Mullett, James 265 Mead, Albert Davis 254 Munson, Loveland 217 Mead, Charles Marsh 198 Murray, Charles Burleigh 182 Mead, John Abner 203 Mead, William Rutherford 184 Newcomb, Harvey 255 Merrifield, John H. 227 Nichols, George 228 Merrifield, Webster 227 Noble, Henry Smith 212 Merrill, Chester Wright 222 Norton, Jesse O. 275 Merrill, Farrand F. 223 Noyes, John Humphrey 183 Merrill, Henry Ferdinand 211 Nutt, Henry Clay 222 Merrill, James 232 Merrill, Olin 234 Olds, Edson B. 188 Merrill, Samuel 232 Olin, Abram Baldwin 248 Merriman, Daniel 217 Olin, Henry 248 Merritt, Edwin Atkins 253 Olin, Stephen 215 Michaud, John Stephen 189 Ormsbee, Ebenezer J. 250 Miles, Willard Wesbury 171 Otis, Elisha Graves 208 Millard, Stephen C. 252 Otis, John Grant 199 Miller, Crosby Parke 235 Otis, Norton Prentiss 208 Miller, Jonathan Peckham 236 Miller, Leslie William 184 Page, Carroll Smalley 263 Miner, Ahiman L. 220 Page, John Boardman 243 Miner, Harlan Sherman 196 Paine, Charles 266 Moore, Abel Buel 242 Paine, Elijah 266 Moore, Heman Allen 233 Paine, Martyn 266 Moore, Walter Burritt 186 Palmer, Cornelius Sullivan 257 Morrill, Justin Smith 253 Pangborn, Frederic Werden 245 Morris, George Sylvester 230 Park, Trenor William 271 Morrison, George Washington 203 Parker, A. X. 2 75 Morse, Anson Daniel 191 Parker, Joel igo Morse, Charles Fitch 247 Parker, Myron Melvin 202 INDEX

PAGE PAGE Parkhurst, Charles 249 Post, Truman Marcellus 218 Partridge, Alden 229 Powers, George McClellan 213 Partridge, Frank C. 220 Powers, Hiram 271 Pattison, Robert Everett 178 Powers, Horace Henry 224 Peabody, Cecil Hobart 189 Pratt, John Francis 235 Peabody, James H. 256 Pratt, Silas Gamaliel 171 Peabody, Selim Hobart 240 Prindle, Franklin Cogswell 248 Pearsons, Daniel Kimball 181 Pringle, Cyrus Guernsey 193 Peck, Cassius 186 Proctor, Fletcher Dutton 193 Peck, Lucius 260 Proctor, Redfield 192 Peck, Theodore Safford 188 Proctor, Thomas Redfield 192 Peebles, James Martin 265 Prout, John 247 Peet, Stephen 247 Prouty, Charles Azro 228 Peirce, Bradford Kinney 241 Prouty, George Herbert 228 Perkins, Samuel Elliott 183 Perkins, William Oscar 252 Rand, Stephen 230 Perry, Aaron F. 215 Ranney, Ambrose Arnold 257 Perry, Ralph Baxter 236 Ranney, Waitstill Randolph 195 Pettigrew, Richard Franklin 216 Ransom, Albert Leighton 195 Pettingill, John Hancock 217 Ransom, Thomas E. G. 229 Phelps, Abel Mix 171 Ransom, Truman Bishop 271 Phelps, Charles Edward 208 Ray, Ossian 212 Phelps, Edward John 219 Read, Almon H. 249 Phelps, James Turner 196 Read, Hollis 226 Phelps, John Wolcott 207 Read, Lavant Murray 260 Picknell, William Lamb 212 Redfield, Isaac Fletcher 262 Pierce, Frank 215 Redfield, Timothy Parker 199 Pitkin, Parley Peabody 218 Reed, George 255 Plumbe, George Edward 232 Reed, Henry Thomas 171 Plumley, Charles Albert 228 Remick, James Waldron 209 Plumley, Frank 201 Reynolds, John F. 179 Poland, Luke P. 263 Rice, Daniel 201 Pollard, Henry M. 234 Rice, Edmund 258 Porter, Charles W. 211 Rice, Henry Mower 258 Porter, Frederick Wardsworth 251 Rice, Vietts Lysander 270 Porter, William Henry 219 Richards, Cyrus Smith 210 Porter, William Trotter 225 Richardson, Israel Bush 202 Post, Reuben 198 Richmond, Dean 173 INDEX 289

PAGE PAGE 199 Ridlon, John Frederick 197 Schoff, Stephen Alonzo Robb, Charles Henry 208 Scott, Elmon 214 Robbie, Reuben 275 Scott, Julian 214 Robbins, Rensselaer D. C. 260 Scott, Martin 176 Roberts, Benjamin Stone 217 Scott, Olin 177 Roberts, Daniel 259 Senter, John Henry 190 Roberts, Robert 218 Sessions, Walter L. 182 Robinson, Albert Alonzo 238 Severens, Henry Franklin 240 Robinson, Charles Seymour 176 Seymour, Truman 188 Robinson, John S. 176 Shafter, James McMillan 173 Robinson, Rowland E. 204 Shafter, Oscar Lovell 172 Robinson, Stillman Williams 238 Shaw, Henry 275 Rockwell, Joel Edson 247 Shaw, Leslie Mortimer 224 Rockwell, William Hayden 185 Sheldon, Charles 243 Ross, Jonathan 261 Sheldon, Charles Henry 214 Rounds, Sterling Parker 179 Sheldon, Samuel 220 Rowell, George Presbury 197 Sheldon, Walter L. 243 Royce, Homer Elihu 178 Sherman, Edgar Jay 262 Royce, Stephen 256 Sherman, Elijah B. 203 Rublee, Horace 179 Sherman, M. H. 242 Russell, William Augustus 225 Sherman, Socrates N. 275 Ruttenber, Edward Manning 176 Silver, Elmer Ellsworth 180 Simmons, James 219 Sabin, Alvah 205 Skinner, Mark 217 Safford, Truman Henry 241 Skinner, Otis Ainsworth 241 Sanborn, Benjamin H. 224 Slack, Leighton P. 272 Sanderson, Silas W. 275 Slade, James M. 218 Sargent, Frank Pierce 230 Slade, William 198 Sargent, James 195 Slafter, Carlos 255 Sargent, John G. 216 Slafter, Edmund Farwell 229 Sargent, Nathan 236 Sloane, James Renwick Wilson 256 Saunders, Prince 254 Smalley, Bradley Barlow 214 Savage, Albert Russell 244 Smalley, David Allen 218 Sawyer, Horace, Bucklin 187 Smith, Charles Sidney 245 Sawyer, John Gilbert 182 Smith, Chauncey 258 Sawyer, Philetus 265 Smith, David M. 211 Sawyer, Thomas Jefferson 238 Smith, Edward Curtis 245 Saxe, John Godfrey 211 Smith, Henry George 186

19 290 INDEX

PAGE PAGE Smith, Hezekiah Bradley 185 Stevens, Hiram S. 264 Smith, H. Boardman 265 Stevens, Thaddeus 199 Smith, John Butler 240 Stewart, John Wolcott 219 Smith, John Gregory 245 Stewart, Philo P. 231 Smith, Joseph 248 Stickney, William Wallace 234 Smith, Kirby Flower 232 Stoddard, Francis Hovey 219 Smith, Paul 221 Stoddard, Joshua C. 232 Smith, Rodney 275 Stone, Charles Francis 190 Smith, William 231 Stone, Mason Sereno 261 Smith, William Farrar 245 Storey, Wilbur Fisk 247 Smith, Worthington Curtis 245 Stoughton, Charles Bradley 196 Southworth, Gordon Augustus 200 Stoughton, Edwin Henry 196 Spalding, Burleigh Folsom 199 Stoughton, Edwin Wallace 251 Spalding, George Burley 222 Stowell, William H. H. 269 Spalding, James Reed 221 Streeter, Frank Sherwin 193 Spaulding, John 248 Strong, Elnathan Ellsworth 209 Spencer, Hiram Ladd 192 Strong, Francis Miles 233 Spencer, Ichabod Smith 242 Strong, George Crockett 252 Spofford, H. G. 256 Strong, James Woodward 187 Spooner, Shearjashub 182 Strong, Moses McCure 242 Sprague, Albert Arnold 237 Strong, William Barstow 187 Sprague, Nathan Turner 225 Sunderland, Byron 250 Spring, Leverett Wilson 206 Sweet, Willis 172 Squire, John Peter 262 Stafford, Wendell Philips 175 Tabor, Horace A. W. 213 Standish, John Van Ness 271 Taft, Alphonso 256 Stannard, George Jerrison 205 Taft, Russell S. 267 Stanton, Henry 275 Taylor, Charles Fayette 267 H. 266 Stanton, Zed Silloway 240 Taylor, George Taylor, William 265 Stark, Joshua 184 Henry Temple, William Grenville 243 Start, Charles Monroe 173 Thacher, John Marshall 175 Start, Henry R. 173 Thayer, Charles Paine 238 Stearns Charles H. 214 Thomas, Ormsby B. 248 Junius Brutus Stearns, 172 Thomas, Stephen 180 Stevens, Benjamin Franklin 174 Thompson, Charles Miner 223 Stevens, Henry 174 Thompson, Daniel Greenleaf 223 Stevens, Henry Davis 191 Thompson, Laforrest Holman 173 INDEX 291

PAGE PAGE Thompson, Zadoc 185 Walker, Aldace Freeman 243 Thomson, James Bates 251 Walker, Lyman B. 233 Thurston, Henry Winfred 175 Walker, Roberts 243 Thurston, John Mellen 222 Walker, William Harris 268 Tinker, Charles Almerin 194 Walton, Eliakim P. 221 Todd, John 242 Warner, James Meech 219 Tarry, Charles Cutler 209 Warner, William 233 Towle, Allen 198 Warren, Edward K. 216 Townsend, John Pomeroy 219 Warren, Joseph 260 Tracy, Andrew 210 Washburn, Henry D. 269 Tracy, Ebenezer Carter 210 Waterman, Arba Nelson 206 Tracy, Ira Carter 210 Waterman, Eleazer L. 214 Tracy, Jeremiah Evarts 269 Waters, Russell Judson 208 Tracy, Joseph 210 Watson, John Henry 214 Tracy, Roger Sherman 270 Weaver, George Sumner 239 Tracy, Samuel Mills 211 Webber, George W. 225 Tucker, Luther 181 Webster, Horace 210 Tuttle, Herbert 177 Weld, Allen Hayden 181 Tyler, Edward Royall 207 Wells, Edward 260 Tyler, James M. 267 Wells, Frederick Palmer 226 Tyler, William 200 Wells, Henry 261 Wells, Horace 210 Underwood, Levi 209 Wells, William 260 Upham, Don Alonzo Joshua 262 Wheelock, Edward 228 Wheeler, Daniel Davis 192 Vail, Henry Hobart 234 Wheeler, James Rignall 189 Van Ness, Cornelius 187 Wheeler, John 205 Van Vliet, Stewart 204 Wheeler, John Elhanan 227 Vilas, Charles Harrison 194 Whitcomb, James 268 Vilas, William Freeman 194 White, Azro 192 White, Charles 236 Wade, Martin Joseph 190 White, Milo 204 Wait, Lucien Augustus 212 White, Pliny Holton 251 Wakeman, Seth 204 Whitehorne, James 259 Walbridge, David S. 176 Whiting, Charles Goodrich 245 Walden, Hiram 275 Whitney, Samuel Brenton 271 Wales, George E. 263 Whittemore, Don Juan 221 Walker, Albert H. 202 Wicker, Cassius Milton 204 INDEX

PAGE Wilbur, Earl Morse Wilbur, LaFayette Wild, Henry Daniel Wilkinson, William Cleaver Willard, Ashton Rollins Willard, Charles Andrew Willard, Charles W. Willard, Daniel Willard, George Willard, Henry Augustus Williams, Edward Higginson Williams, Norman Williston, Ebenezer Bancroft Williston, Edward Bancroft Wilmarth, Seth Wilson, William C. Winchester, Charles Wesley Wing, George Washington Wing, Joseph Addison Winslow, Hubbard Winslow, John Flack

THIS TABLET IS ERECTED BY THE STATE OF VERMONT TO THE HONORED MEMORY OF DANIEL-PIERCE THOMPSON AUTHORJDITORXAWYERJUDGE AND SECRETARY OF STATE BORN IN CHARLESTOWN,MASS. OCTOBER. U795 MOVED TO VERMONT IN 1800 DIED IN MONTPELIER, JUNE 6,1868

HIS PUBLISHED WORKS WERE : THE GREEN MOUNTAIN MAY MARTIN, THE SHAKER LOVERS, THE ADVENTURL TIMOTHY P|ACOCK, LOCKE AMSDEN, THE RANGERS, 1 OF THE GREEK MOUNTAINS, GAUT GURLEY, THE DOOMED CHIEF, CENTEOLA AND THE HISTORY OF MONTPCL1ER, VT.

DANIEL PIERCE THOMPSON, AT ONCE A NOVELIST, AN HISTORIAN, A STUDENT AND A 6ENTLEMAN, AT AN EARLY DAY BY HIS RESEARCHES AND THE ABILITY WITH WHICH " NATURE ENDOWED HIM GATHERED A WEALTH OF RIAL DEALING WITH VERMONT AND CLOTHED IT IN 1 WHICH WILL BE READ WITH PLEASURE AND PROFIT BY

HE WHO FAITHFULLY RECORDS THE DEEDS OF HERO! AND PIONEERS PLAYS HIS FULL PART IN 'THE CONSUI MATION OF THEIR BENEFIT TO POSTERITY. veiling of the Daniel P JV i9ils*K)M ,Io)iqr,D 3)r,Jg JuoamV e>rfl ni.bat

State Capital, MniitpiMtt% Vermont THE DANIEL P. THOMPSON T \KI FT BrAiMiMtii atflitB

>ected in the Vermont State Capitol, Montpelier, Vt.,

Tanuarv 1.9, 1915.

MOVED TO VERN DIED IN MONTPELIER. JUNE

..AY MARTIN, THE SHAKER LC VENTUH flMOTHY PEACOCK, LOCKE AMSDEN, THE RANGERS, JF THE: GREEN ~AUT GURLEY, THE DI :HIEF, CENTEOLA AND THE HISTORY OF MONTPCLIC

E THOMPSON, AT ONCE A

-, A STUDENT AND A GENTLEMAN, AT AN 3 RESEARCHES AND THE ABiLi: :\DOWED HIM GATHERED A WEALTH OF The Exercises at the Un- veiling of the Daniel P. Thompson Memorial Tablet

at the

State Capitol, Montpelier, Vermont

The Unveiling of the Daniel P. Thompson Tablet at Montpelier, Vermont January 19, 1915

The Senate and House of Representatives met in the hall of the House of Representatives, in pursuance of a joint resolution, which was read by the clerk, and is as follows :

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives: That the two Houses meet in joint assembly on Tuesday, January nineteenth instant, at three o'clock and thirty minutes in the afternoon for the purpose of joining with the Vermont Historical Society in the dedication of the bronze tablet authorized by law in memory of Daniel P. Thompson, the author of "The Green Mountain Boys." His Honor, Hale K. Darling, President of the Senate, in the chair. Guy W. Bailey, Secretary of State, Clerk. Lieutenant-Governor Darling addressed the joint as- sembly as follows : The act of the legislature of 1912, providing for the erection of a tablet to the memory of Daniel P. Thompson, the author of "The Green Mountain Boys," provides that the Vermont Historical Society is hereby invited to dedicate said tablet by appropriate historical exercises. To conduct the program of this occasion I take great pleasure in invit- ing the Honorable President of the Vermont Historical Society, Ex-Governor William Wallace Stickney of Ludlow, to preside during these exercises. 296 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

President Stickney Addressed the Joint Assembly as Follows:

"Mr. President, Governor Gates, Gentlemen of the Joint Assembly and Members of the Vermont Historical Society:

Vermont from her earliest days has always taken high rank both in war and peace. She seemed from her birth to possess a genius for declaring her rights and a courage sufficient to maintain them. She has always been the land of which it could be said :

'Here breathes no castled lord or cabined slave, But thoughts and hands and tongues are free.'

The history of the state has been in a large measure preserved and set forth in the writings and historical novels of the man whom we today have met to honor. The Legislature two years ago provided for the erection of a bronze tablet in memory of Daniel Pierce Thompson, one of Vermont's most distinguished citizens and authors and enacted that the Vermont Historical Society be invited to dedicate the tablet by appropriate exercises. In discharg- ing the duty required we propose to make the dedication short and simple. No man has done more to conserve the history of the state than Judge Thompson. The Vermont Historical Society deems it a great honor to contribute in any way to his memory. It owes him a large debt of gratitude. He was one of the four gentlemen who in 1838 secured the charter for the society and was named as one of its incor- porators. He served as its first secretary. Within two years from the time the society was organ- ized he wrote and published that historical novel 'The Green DANIEL P. THOMPSON MEMORIAL TABLET 297

Mountain Boys/ which from that time to this day has been an in to the of hills inspiration patriotism young men the ; and:

'Has sent forth the call to the years yet to be, Bring me men to match my mountains. Bring me men.'

It is in honor of this man of letters that we have assembled here today and first of all I will ask the Chairman of the Commission who procured the tablet to make report." Thereupon, Hon. Frank T. Parsons, Chairman of the Commission, addressed the joint assembly as follows:

"To your Excellency, to the Members of the House and the Senate, Ladies and Gentlemen:

'No. 284 An act to provide for Erecting a Tablet to the Memory of Daniel P. Thompson.' This act and resolution were introduced and approved on December 4, 1912. I read it. 'It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the

State of Vermont :

SECTION 1. The sum of $500.00 or so much thereof as may be necessary is hereby appropriated for the purpose of securing and erecting a bronze tablet beneath the oil portrait of Daniel P. Thompson, the historian, which now hangs on the walls of the Art Room in the State House. Said tablet shall contain thereon inscriptions and emblems befitting one of Vermont's most distinguished citizens and authors, and also a list of his published works, giving special prominence to his masterpiece, "The Green Mountain Boys." SEC. 2. The Sergeant-at-Arms and the Librarian of the Vermont Historical Society shall constitute a committee to carry out the provisions of this act, and the Auditor of Accounts is hereby directed to draw an order for the sum of 298 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

$500.00 or such part thereof as is necessary in favor of such committee upon its requisition for the same. SEC. 3. The Vermont Historical Society is hereby in- vited to dedicate said tablet by appropriate historical exer- cises at its meeting. Approved December 4, 1912.' Following out the terms of this resolution, Mr. Dorman B. E. Kent and myself in April of 1913 took up the matter of the purchase of this tablet. Mr. Kent went to Boston and New York to consult with bronze founders, and after deliberate consideration we decided to employ the Paul E. Cabaret Company of New York City. This firm of bronze founders has a national reputation for the excellency of its products. The wording of this tablet you will find to be this:

This tablet is erected by the State of Vermont to the honored memory of Daniel Pierce Thompson, Author, Editor, Lawyer, Judge, and

Secretary of State ; born in Charlestown, Mass., October 1, 1795; moved to Vermont in 1800; died in Montpelier, June 6, 1868. His published works were "The Green Moun- tain Boys," "May Martin," "The Shaker Lovers," "The Adven- tures of Timothy Peacock," "Locke Amsden," "The Rangers," "Tales of the Green Mountains," "Gant Gurley," "The Doomed Chief," "Centeola," and "The History of Montpelier, Vermont." Daniel Pierce Thompson, at once a novelist and historian, a student and a gentleman, at an early day by his researches and the ability DANIEL P. THOMPSON MEMORIAL TABLET 299

with which nature endowed him, gathered a wealth of material dealing with Vermont and clothed it in words which will be read with pleasure and profit by generations yet unborn. He who faithfully records the deeds of heroes and pioneers plays his full part in the consummation of their benefit to posterity.'

The general design of this tablet and its entire wording are the work of Mr. Kent, and both, we believe, form a dignified testimonial to the life and labors of Daniel Pierce Thompson. Following out the intent of the resolution as Sergeant-at-Arms after carefully consulting with several men, whose judgment I value, I have decided to hang this tablet underneath the picture of Mr. Thompson, directly op- posite the entrance to this Legislative Chamber, and there your committee and the officers of the Vermont Historical Society believe it will continue through the coming years to call a respectful attention to the greatness of the man whose work it commemorates. Believing that we have done all that the tenor of this resolution intended us to do, I now, your Excellency, deliver into your hands as our Chief Exec- utive, of the people of Vermont the tablet erected to Daniel Pierce Thompson." At the conclusion of Mr. Parson's address, Governor

Charles W. Gates addressed the joint assembly as follows:

"Mr. Commissioner and President, and Gentlemen of the Joint Assembly:

Representing as I do the State of Vermont, it is my privilege this afternoon to accept in the name of and on be- half of the State, this tablet that has been so well described, the tablet commemorating the life and the service of a true 300 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Vermonter, Daniel P. Thompson the author of The Green Mountain Boys/

Our early Vermont history is unique in many respects. Settlers getting, as they supposed, a proper title to their land, were confronted very soon with the problem of either giving them up to men who had similar titles from New

York who claimed this land, or defending their rights. They chose the latter. The latter course developed in those early settlers a ruggedness of character and independence of thought, a loyalty to country and a love and devotion to home that had not a parallel in any other state in the Union. Those qualities have been handed down from gen- eration to generation among the men and women who have stayed in Vermont to make Vermont what she is today, and they have also gone out with the hundreds and thou- sands of young men and women who have gone out to settle the states of the West and other states of the Union, and everywhere, here in Vermont or elsewhere, we as Ver- monters are proud of that Vermont spirit.

I believe it is fitting today that we honor a real Ver- monter, a Vermonter who did his best for Vermont. Born at the foot of Bunker Hill, reared in the near town here of Berlin, educated in the common schools of our State and Middlebury College, spending his life as a lawyer and author in your beautiful city of Montpelier, it seems to me that it is a very fitting comment on the life of a man, who had done his best, for the legislature to provide this fitting memorial. May it be a reminder not only of the man who did his best, but may it lead to some inspiration, which hundreds of young men and women have received already from reading the writings of this author, in the present generation, and generations to come, that will help build a larger and better Vermont. Gentlemen, I thank you." DANIEL P. THOMPSON MEMORIAL TABLET 301

At the conclusion of Governor Gates' address, Hon.

W. W. Stickney addressed the joint assembly as follows : "We have a letter from the grandson of Daniel P. Thompson, which the Corresponding Secretary of the Society, Mr. Kent, will read." Secretary Kent: "As the speaker has said, Mr. Thompson is a grandson of Daniel P. Thompson, and, I believe, is the only descendant living today who bears his name and blood. I received the letter this morning, which reads as follows : 'The Youth's Companion, Boston, Mass., Editorial Rooms, My dear Mr. Kent: January 18, 1915. It is with great disappointment that I find I must de- cline your very gratifying invitation on behalf of the Com- mittee in charge to be present on January nineteenth at the unveiling of the tablet which the State of Vermont has set up in memory of my grandfather. Unfortunately my business occupations are such that I cannot leave them now. I cannot close this letter, however, without saying how greatly I appreciate the honor done to the memory of my grandfather and how much gratified I am at the simple and dignified form which the memorial has taken. Again with great regret that I cannot accept the invita- tion to be present, I am, my dear Mr. Kent, Very sincerely yours, CHARLES MINER THOMPSON.

To Dorman B. E. Kent, Esq., Vermont Historical Society, " Montpelier, Vermont.'

At the conclusion of the reading of the foregoing letter, Hon. W. W. Stickney addressed the joint assembly as fol- lows: 302 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

"When it came to my attention, as an officer of the Ver- mont Historical Society, that it became the duty of the Society to assist in the dedication of this tablet, we looked about for someone to make an address on the life, writings and contemporaries of Daniel P. Thompson and we drafted a man who always responds when the subject is the history of Vermont. I have the pleasure to introduce Mr. Walter H. Crockett."

Whereupon, Mr. Crockett addressed the joint assembly as follows:

DANIEL P. THOMPSON.

"Judge Thompson did more to hand down and perpetu- ate the early patriotic history of Vermont than any other per- son living or dead. In 'The Green Mountain Boys' and other of his writings, he has woven into enchanting story the great drama of the first fifty years of our existence." Thus wrote Horace W. Bailey, whom many of us assembled here to call our friend at the time these today were happy ; and words were written no man was better qualified than he to estimate fairly the worth of the life and literary labors of Daniel P. Thompson. Daniel Pierce Thompson, son of Daniel and Rebekah Thompson, was born October 1st, 1795, at Charlestown, Mass., near historic Bunker Hill. He came of patriotic ancestry, his grandfather having been slain in the battle of Lexington. At an early age he came to Vermont, in 1800, with his parents, and practically his whole life was passed in the Green Mountain State. As a lad he was ambitious to obtain an education, but the family income was small, and it was necessary for him to pay his own way very largely. After taking some preparatory studies at Randolph and Danville he entered Middlebury College, and was graduated in the class of 1820. DANIEL P. THOMPSON MEMORIAL TABLET 303

Going South, he became a tutor in Virginia for several years, where he studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He then returned to Vermont and located in Montpelier for the practice of his profession. At one time he lived on

Barre street in this city, where the residence of Willis Blanchard now stands, but some time was spent on a farm between Montpelier and Barre, in the town of Berlin. On this farm, under a pine tree still standing, it is said that Thompson performed some of his literary work. In 1825, soon after he opened a law office in Montpelier, he was appointed register of probate, which position he held until 1833. He was engrossing clerk of the House of Representatives from 1830 until 1833, and again from 1834 to 1836. He was judge of probate for Washington county from 1837 to 1840, and during the years 1841-42. Other offices which he held include clerk of Washington county court, 1843-45, and secretary of state, 1853-55. In 1833 he was appointed to compile the laws of Vermont from 1824 to 1834 inclusive. From 1849 to 1856 he edited the Green Mountain Freeman, in which paper he published many his- torical reminiscences. Mr. Thompson was a popular lec- turer and orator on public occasions. He loved the fields and woods and all out-of-door life. He was an ardent fisherman, and liked to spend much time with his rod along the streams in this vicinity. The literary career of Daniel P. Thompson may be said to have begun with the writing of "May Martin or the Money Diggers," which won a prize offered by the New England Galaxy, a Boston newspaper. This story was published in book form in Montpelier in 1835, and was re- printed later in London. "The Adventures of Timothy Pea- cock," a satirical novel dealing with the Anti-Masonic move- ment, also appeared the same year, 1835. "The Green 304 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Mountain Boys" was the next of his novels to appear. It was dedicated to Hon. Heman Allen, United States Minister to Chili. The preface is dated March, 1839, and the book was published at Montpelier in 1840 being reprinted in Boston and London.

"Locke Amsden," designed to bring about a reform of the school system, was published in Boston in 1845. "Lucy Hosmer or the Guardian and the Ghost," was published in 1848. "The Rangers or the Tory's Daughter," in which the battle of Bennington and incidents of the Northern campaign of 1777 were described, was published in 1850. "The Tales of the Green Mountains," appeared in 1852; "Gaut Gurley, a Tale of the Umbagog," in 1857; "The Doomed Chief or King Philip," in 1860; and "Centeola," published in New York in 1864. His "History of Mont- pelier" was published in Montpelier in 1860, and in addition to local matters contains an excellent discussion of the

Indian occupation of Vermont. According to Appleton's Cyclopaedia of Biography, Thompson left an unfinished novel entitled, "The Honest Lawyer or the Fair Castaway." Mr. Thompson died at his home in Montpelier, June 6th, 1868, aged nearly seventy-three years, as a result of partial strokes of paralysis, which had impaired his health. Mr. Thompson married Eunice Robinson of Troy, Vt, by whom he had five children, George, Alma, (Mrs. George B. Burrows of Wisconsin) Frances, William and Daniel. In personal appearance he was tall and slender. He was a man of very genial and pleasant ways, and there are resi- dents of Montpelier now living who remember that he was that such a fascinating story teller, and so fond of children, he would hold the attention of restless lads by the hour with his tales of the stirring times of long ago. DANIEL P. THOMPSON MEMORIAL TABLET 305

When Daniel P. Thompson came to Vermont he came into a State in which many people still lived who were par- ticipants in the events of the Revolutionary War, and who were friends and associates of the Aliens, Warner, Baker and other leaders in the New Hampshire Grants. He was able, therefore, to obtain first hand information concerning those stirring times. He talked with many aged people, and in this manner stored up a great number of anecdotes that he used later in his literary and historical work. He has left, fortunately, a description of the scenes and influ- ences that made a profound impression upon him in early life. In an address which he delivered at a dinner on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Mid- dlebury College, August 21, 1850, he said: "About thirty years ago, a poor, untutored, unfriended boy, who had never seen books but in visions, whose almost every merit, indeed, consisted in

The dream, the thirst, the wild desire, Delirious, yet divine, to know' found his way out of the woods to Middlebury College. And during his residence here, having been inured to the active habits which a boyhood life on a farm in a new part of the country naturally engender, and which cannot at once be thrown off; and being, withal, an enthusiastic admirer of nature in her more undisturbed retreats, he wandered, in his vacation and leisure days, over nearly every square mile of the surrounding region, from the third falls of the Otter upwards, to its mouth downwards, from the margin of the beautiful Champlain, westward, to the summits of the tow- ering Green Mountains, eastward, pausing in his solitary rapture over its picturesque scenes of hill and dale, lake and river, and taking mental daguerreotypes of them all. These, in after days, gradually grouped themselves around the seat 306 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

of the alma mater, which had made him intellectually what he was, which had drawn to itself his fond and clustering associations, and which, therefore, became the bright center- piece of a thus curiously composed ideal picture. "The impress of such scenes, drawn by the glowing pencil of youthful fancy, upon the fresh, unvexed ground- work of youthful feeling, and kept bright by such associa- tions are prone to occupy a prominent place in the mind of

the maturer man, to be constantly struggling up to the light, and forcing themselves upon the view of others. They did so, at least, in his case; and in subsequently devoting his

leisure to the composition of a literary work, illustrative of the Revolutionary action and early settlement of his own loved Vermont, he laid the scene in this section of the while his be country ; because, general purpose would equally well thus subserved, it would afford him, besides, the ad- vantage of eye drawn description, an opportunity a grati- fying opportunity, to bring out many of his long cherished pictures." Thus we have, in the words of the author himself, a description of the manner in which he stored his mind with much of the material which went into the making of his most famous production, "The Green Mountain Boys." It is not feasible in an address of this sort, to attempt

any extended criticism or discussion of his literary works as a whole. Although he wrote much that was valuable and interesting, beyond question he is best known as the author of "The Green Mountain Boys." No author could ask, properly, for a more romantic period as a setting for his story. The early days of Vermont's history form a series of thrilling and dramatic episodes and the characters in Mr. Thompson's story are very real personages, who love and hate, labor and fight, win and lose, like real flesh and blood DANIEL P. THOMPSON MEMORIAL TABLET 307

heroes and villains. In a graphic manner that grips the attention of the reader the author tells the inspiring story of the beginnings of our State the doings of Ethan Allen, Remember Baker, Seth Warner, under the name of Charles Warrington, Captain Hendee, a half brother of an ancestor of a member of this General Assembly, Mrs. Ann Story, and other well known Vermonters of the period of the

American Revolution ; practically the only knowledge which thousands of persons possess regarding the early history of this State has been gained from a reading of "The Green Mountain Boys." It is still a popular book, as it deserves to be. It is far more wholesome, and to many of us it is much more entertaining, than the painful and abnormal psychological processes of the modern problem novel. This book has performed, and still is performing, a great and patriotic work, in telling boys and girls, and folk of an older growth, of the trials and struggles of the Vermont pioneers when it seemed at times as though every man's hand was against the little band of men and women who dwelt within the shadow of the Green Mountains. Beset by foes on every side, with the odds tremendously against them, they defended their homes, they held their property wrested from the wilderness, they kept Vermont on the map it would be more accurate to say that they put it there and coming up out of great tribulation they brought it ultimately into the illustrious sisterhood of the states of the American Union.

The genius and diplomacy of Ira Allen, the ready pen and the bold leadership of Ethan Allen, the patience and wisdom of Thomas Chittenden, the fidelity and dogged determina- tion of the Green Mountain Boys, achieved what seemed wildly improbable, and to many utterly impossible. It is one of the most marvelous triumphs in American history, and we do well to cherish its memory as a priceless heritage. 308 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Vermont authors have not been numerous. The bril-

liant Chief Justice Royall Tyler of Brattleboro was one of the first writers of plays in this country. Rowland Robin- son, with his blind eyes, saw more of Vermont's character and the customs of the early days, than most persons who have enjoyed undimmed vision. John G. Saxe was one of the wittiest, and in his time one of the most popular, of American poets. Mrs. Julia C. R. Dorr ranks deservedly among the great American poets. A representative of the most beautiful and charming womanhood, her prose and her verse are marked by a nobility, a sweetness, and a moral tone, that has enriched the literature of our country. Judge Wendell P. Stafford holds high rank, both as orator and poet. George P. Marsh was a great scholar as well as an able diplomat. Henry N. Hudson, the famous Shakespearean student, was a native of Cornwall. Henry O. Houghton, a famous publisher of good books was a native of Sutton. Among natives of Vermont who hold, or have held, high rank in journalism are Henry M. Alden, for many years editor of Harper's Magazine; George Harvey, editor and owner of the North American Review; Charles Kellogg Field, editor

of the Sunset Magazine ; Francis Fisher Browne, editor of the Dial; Charles M. Thompson, editor of the Youth's Com- a of the of this sketch panion, and grandson subject ; George Jones, for many years publisher of the New York Times; James R. Spaulding, founder of the New York World; Wilber F. Storey, founder of the Chicago Times; Clifton L. Sherman, editor of the Hartford Courant. In a little printing office in Poultney, Horace Greeley, founder of the New York Tribune, learned the printer's

trade, and Henry J. Raymond, first editor of the New York Times, obtained his higher education at the University of DANIEL P. THOMPSON MEMORIAL TABLET 309

Vermont. Eugene Field spent a part of his boyhood at New fane. Mary E. Waller obtained the material for some of her popular novels in and around Bethel; and Rudyard Kipling wrote some of his books while he was a resident of Brattleboro.

Beyond question one of the great needs of Vermont is material development. The Creator has been lavish in his gifts to this little State, and it is possible for us vastly to increase our wealth by means of water power development, the establishing of more manufacturing industries, and more intensive agriculture. But material development and greater prosperity do not embrace all that is worth while in life. It is profoundly true that "man does not live by bread alone." Hand in hand with practical breadwinning should go a cultivation of the intellectual and spiritual elements of our lives, if we would complete what Phillips Brooks called "The Symmetry of Life." And so we do well to recognize this writer of books. Most of the tablets in this State

House are erected in honor of military heroes, and it is right that we should thus perpetuate the record of their valor; but this day we commemorate in enduring bronze the name of a Vermonter who wielded the pen that often is mightier than the sword. We perform this duty in order that the generations of the future, as they come and go in endless procession may learn the services which this man performed in ways of peace. I hazard the prediction that more and more our children will follow the paths of peace ; and that in the not distant future, nearer, perhaps, than some of us dare to think, the world will come to realize that the might of armed legions, the velocity of powerful guns, do not determine beyond peradventure the truth, the justice, "a the righteousness of a cause, or secure most surely place in the sun." 310 THE VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Vermont honors herself in paying tribute to the memory of Daniel P. Thompson. It is fitting that the General As- sembly, representing all the people of the State, should pause a little space in its deliberations, to permit this Green Moun-

tain commonwealth officially to do honor to one who added lustre to the fame of Vermont. I believe, gentlemen, that you will go back to your tasks better fitted to assume the serious responsibilities of legislating wisely for the State we love, because you have set aside this hour in which to contemplate the career of one who, living simply and quietly, wrote nobly of the great deeds and the heroic men and women of a State, which, please God, shall endure as long as the marble and the granite of her everlasting hills. At the conclusion of Mr. Crockett's address, Hon. W.

W. Stickney addressed the joint assembly as follows: "This concludes the exercises of the day. The tablet will be unveiled and we would be very much pleased to have the members both of the General Assembly and this Society inspect it. I wish to say to the joint assembly that as you are aware the public meeting of our society is to be held this evening. You have already granted the use of the Hall of the House of Representatives for that purpose and I invite you all to be present. The address will be by Hon. Frank C. Partridge on the 'Life and Public Service of Redfield Proctor/ I believe that every member of this assembly would like to attend and I suggest that you take a recess until half past seven this evening and then you can take your own seats and the members of our society will accommodate themselves with what is left. I therefore invite you, Mr. President, to take a recess until half past seven this evening." On motion of Senator Shaw the joint assembly took a recess until half past seven o'clock in the evening.

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