DOCSLIB.ORG

Arginine and Antioxidant Supplement on Performance in Elderly Male

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arginine and Antioxidant Supplement on Performance in Elderly Male Chen et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2010, 7:13 http://www.jissn.com/content/7/1/13 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access ArginineResearch article and antioxidant supplement on performance in elderly male cyclists: a randomized controlled trial Steve Chen, Woosong Kim, Susanne M Henning, Catherine L Carpenter and Zhaoping Li* Abstract Background: Human exercise capacity declines with advancing age. These changes often result in loss of physical fitness and more rapid senescence. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in improvement of exercise capacity through vascular smooth muscle relaxation in both coronary and skeletal muscle arteries, as well as via independent mechanisms. Antioxidants may prevent nitric oxide inactivation by oxygen free radicals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an L-arginine and antioxidant supplement on exercise performance in elderly male cyclists. Methods: This was a two-arm prospectively randomized double-blinded and placebo-controlled trial. Sixteen male cyclists were randomized to receive either a proprietary supplement (Niteworks®, Herbalife International Inc., Century City, CA) or a placebo powder. Exercise parameters were assessed by maximal incremental exercise testing performed on a stationary cycle ergometer using breath-by-breath analysis at baseline, week one and week three. Results: There was no difference between baseline exercise parameters. In the supplemented group, anaerobic threshold increased by 16.7% (2.38 ± 0.18 L/min, p < 0.01) at week 1, and the effect was sustained by week 3 with a 14.2% (2.33 ± 0.44 L/min, p < 0.01). In the control group, there was no change in anaerobic threshold at weeks 1 and 3 compared to baseline (1.88 ± 0.20 L/min at week 1, and 1.86 ± 0.21 L/min at week 3). The anaerobic threshold for the supplement groups was significantly higher than that of placebo group at week 1 and week 3. There were no significant changes noted in VO2 max between control and intervention groups at either week 1 or week 3 by comparison to baseline. Conclusion: An arginine and antioxidant-containing supplement increased the anaerobic threshold at both week one and week three in elderly cyclists. No effect on VO2 max was observed. This study indicated a potential role of L-arginine and antioxidant supplementation in improving exercise performance in elderly. Introduction oxide (NO). When released from endothelium cells, NO Human exercise capacity declines with advancing age and can dilate arteries to increase blood flow [1], help main- many individuals lose the inclination to participate in reg- tain endothelial elasticity [2], prevent platelets from ular physical activity. These changes often result in loss of adhering to artery walls [3], mediate erections through physical fitness and more rapid senescence. A dietary smooth muscle relaxation [4], and increase capacity for supplement that increases exercise capacity might pre- exercise [5]. In addition, NO can play an integral part in serve physical fitness and improve general health and well the immune system [6], assist in memory function [7] and being in older humans. sleep regulation [8]. It should also be noted that in gen- Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uses the eral, youthful, healthy and athletic individuals have a amino acid L-arginine as a substrate to synthesize nitric healthier eNOS system, compared to sedentary, unhealthy and aging individuals [9]. A healthy NO and * Correspondence: [email protected] vascular system facilitates the healthy function of arteri- 1 Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los oles that mediate oxygen delivery to multiple organs and Angeles, CA 90095, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2010 Chen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BioMed Central Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Chen et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2010, 7:13 Page 2 of 7 http://www.jissn.com/content/7/1/13 tissues, including the muscles and kidneys that may Study design impact exercise performance [10]. This was a three-week, randomized, double-blinded, pla- NO production diminishes in quantity and availability cebo-controlled clinical intervention trial. During the as we age and is associated with an increased prevalence screening visit, a history and a physical examination were of other cardiovascular risk factors [11]. Hypertension performed. Baseline blood tests including a complete has been shown to promote premature aging of the blood count, a routine chemistry panel, and a measure- endothelial system in humans [11]. In individuals with ment of cholesterol were also obtained. All subjects cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, underwent baseline exercise testing. If the subjects hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes, obesity, insulin showed any evidence of ischemic heart disease based on resistance, erectile dysfunction, and metabolic changes EKG criteria, pulmonary or musculoskeletal diseases that associated with aging, supplementation with arginine has prevented them from finishing the test, they were been shown to improve NO-dependent endothelial relax- excluded from the study. If subjects qualified for the ation [12], and improving age-associated endothelial dys- study, they were randomized to either the placebo or the function [13]. supplementation group in a 1:1 ratio. The supplementa- Antioxidants may prevent nitric oxide inactivation by tion began at week 0 after the baseline exercise testing. oxygen free radicals. For example, Vitamin C has been The subjects returned to the study center at week 1 and shown to improve impaired endothelial vasodilation in week 3 for further exercise testing. essential hypertensive patients, and effect that can be reversed by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG- Performance Assessment monomethyl-L-arginine[14]. There is also research indi- At the initial screening visit, aerobic capacity and physical cating that the combination of vitamin C, vitamin E (1.0% fitness were assessed by measuring maximal oxygen to water) and L-arginine works synergistically to enhance uptake (VO2max) and the gas exchange anaerobic thresh- nitric oxide production, through nitric oxide synthase old (VO2θ) during a symptom limited, incremental work gene expression[15]. A study in Atherosclerosis showed rate exercise test, targeted to last between 8 to 12 min- Vitamin E (1000 IU/day) improved endothelium health utes. Screening allowed for determination of whether the and increased eNOS expression in hypercholesterolemic subject was physically fit to complete the study, could tol- subjects [16]. erate the experimental setup (including breathing Therefore, the present study was designed to extend the through the mouthpiece), and permitted the subject to above observations by testing the hypothesis that argin- accustom to the study protocol. On subsequent visits, ine and antioxidants in combination would enhance per- exercise endurance was assessed by measuring time to formance as indicated by objective measures in a exhaustion at 60% of the maximal work rate achieved prospectively randomized, placebo-controlled trial in during the initial incremental work rate exercise test, elderly cyclists. with a targeted duration of testing between 45 minutes and 1 hour. Methods Human subjects Incremental Work Rate Exercise Test (IWR) for VO2max The experimental protocol was approved by the Institu- Maximal exercise performance was assessed using a tional Review Board at the University of California, Los symptom-limited incremental exercise protocol on a Angeles. All subjects were informed of the potential risks, cycle ergometer [Ergoline 900S; Sensormedics Corp, benefits, and time requirements prior to signing a written Loma Linda, CA]. The external work rate was continu- informed consent. ously incremented in "ramp" fashion by computer con- Sixteen male cyclists were recruited to participate in trol. The rate of incrementation was judged for each the study through a cycling club in the West Los Angeles individual subject by considering age, gender, height, area. Men between the ages of 50 and 73 who performed weight, and level of habitual exercise activity with the at least 4 hours per week of moderate to intense cycling intention of obtaining an exercise phase of 8-12 minutes were screened for this study. Key exclusion criteria before exhaustion [17]. The increment in resistance for included smoking, a history of coronary heart disease, baseline test and two subsequent tests for each subject morbid obesity (BMI > 40), or any prior or current medi- was consistent. cal problems that would limit the subject's physical per- Minute ventilation was measured using a mass flow formance. The participants were apparently healthy and meter; expired fractional concentrations of oxygen and free of any significant medical problems. They were also carbon dioxide were continuously monitored by a para- not taking any medications that impact eNOS system, or magnetic oxygen analyzer and a non-dispersive infra-red other sports enhancing supplementations during the time CO2 analyzer, respectively [2900; SensorMedics Corp, of the study. Loma Linda, CA]. Chen et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Risk Assessment of Argyreia Nervosa
    Risk assessment of Argyreia nervosa RIVM letter report 2019-0210 W. Chen | L. de Wit-Bos Risk assessment of Argyreia nervosa RIVM letter report 2019-0210 W. Chen | L. de Wit-Bos RIVM letter report 2019-0210 Colophon © RIVM 2020 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, and the title and year of publication are cited. DOI 10.21945/RIVM-2019-0210 W. Chen (author), RIVM L. de Wit-Bos (author), RIVM Contact: Lianne de Wit Department of Food Safety (VVH) [email protected] This investigation was performed by order of NVWA, within the framework of 9.4.46 Published by: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM P.O. Box1 | 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands www.rivm.nl/en Page 2 of 42 RIVM letter report 2019-0210 Synopsis Risk assessment of Argyreia nervosa In the Netherlands, seeds from the plant Hawaiian Baby Woodrose (Argyreia nervosa) are being sold as a so-called ‘legal high’ in smart shops and by internet retailers. The use of these seeds is unsafe. They can cause hallucinogenic effects, nausea, vomiting, elevated heart rate, elevated blood pressure, (severe) fatigue and lethargy. These health effects can occur even when the seeds are consumed at the recommended dose. This is the conclusion of a risk assessment performed by RIVM. Hawaiian Baby Woodrose seeds are sold as raw seeds or in capsules. The raw seeds can be eaten as such, or after being crushed and dissolved in liquid (generally hot water).
    [Show full text]
  • Hallucinogens: an Update
    National Institute on Drug Abuse RESEARCH MONOGRAPH SERIES Hallucinogens: An Update 146 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • Public Health Service • National Institutes of Health Hallucinogens: An Update Editors: Geraline C. Lin, Ph.D. National Institute on Drug Abuse Richard A. Glennon, Ph.D. Virginia Commonwealth University NIDA Research Monograph 146 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This monograph is based on the papers from a technical review on “Hallucinogens: An Update” held on July 13-14, 1992. The review meeting was sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. COPYRIGHT STATUS The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder’s permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company.
    [Show full text]
  • 5-HT7, Not 5-HT2 Is the Consciousness Expanding Receptor
    Methods The method involves assaying a large and diverse set of psychoactive drugs against a large number of receptors, transporters and ion channels, and then synthesizing the molecular affinity data together with pre-existing data on the subjective effects of the drugs in humans. This method represents a full realization of de Wit’s suggestion that “it may be time now to recognize these extraordinary subjective experiences... It is time for psychopharmacologists to open their minds and their laboratories to the full domain of human drug experience. We would do well to be wary of our own preconceptions and prejudgments, and to be prepared to consider the entire scope of human experience and behavior as legitimate targets for systematic and ethical scientific investigation” (de Wit 2006), and Coyle, Presti, and Baggott’s suggestion that “analysis of drug narratives in combination with in vitro pharmacology could lead to novel hypotheses concerning the effects of specific receptors and signaling pathways on consciousness” (Coyle et al. 2012). In fact the results of this work take the form of a series of just such novel hypotheses. The efficacy of this method relies entirely on the ability to do a comparative study across a large and diverse set of psychoactive drugs. It must be acknowledged that at the outset of the study, this was a kind of shot in the dark, with no assurance that anything significant would come of it: an untried method. Under the circumstances, an ethical argument could not be made for conducting clinical studies with so many powerful yet poorly understood drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversification of Ergot Alkaloids in Natural and Modified Fungi
    Toxins 2015, 7, 201-218; doi:10.3390/toxins7010201 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins Review Diversification of Ergot Alkaloids in Natural and Modified Fungi Sarah L. Robinson and Daniel G. Panaccione * Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-304-293-8819; Fax: +1-304-293-2960. Academic Editor: Christopher L. Schardl Received: 21 November 2014 / Accepted: 14 January 2015 / Published: 20 January 2015 Abstract: Several fungi in two different families––the Clavicipitaceae and the Trichocomaceae––produce different profiles of ergot alkaloids, many of which are important in agriculture and medicine. All ergot alkaloid producers share early steps before their pathways diverge to produce different end products. EasA, an oxidoreductase of the old yellow enzyme class, has alternate activities in different fungi resulting in branching of the pathway. Enzymes beyond the branch point differ among lineages. In the Clavicipitaceae, diversity is generated by the presence or absence and activities of lysergyl peptide synthetases, which interact to make lysergic acid amides and ergopeptines. The range of ergopeptines in a fungus may be controlled by the presence of multiple peptide synthetases as well as by the specificity of individual peptide synthetase domains. In the Trichocomaceae, diversity is generated by the presence or absence of the prenyl transferase encoded by easL (also called fgaPT1). Moreover, relaxed specificity of EasL appears to contribute to ergot alkaloid diversification. The profile of ergot alkaloids observed within a fungus also is affected by a delayed flux of intermediates through the pathway, which results in an accumulation of intermediates or early pathway byproducts to concentrations comparable to that of the pathway end product.
    [Show full text]
  • The Structure of Dimethylallyl Tryptophan Synthase Reveals a Common Architecture of Aromatic Prenyltransferases in Fungi and Bacteria
    The structure of dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase reveals a common architecture of aromatic prenyltransferases in fungi and bacteria Ute Metzgera,1, Christoph Schallb,1, Georg Zocherb, Inge Unso¨ lda, Edyta Stecc, Shu-Ming Lic, Lutz Heidea,2, and Thilo Stehleb,d aPharmazeutisches Institut, Universita¨t Tu¨ bingen, 72076 Tu¨bingen, Germany; bInterfakulta¨res Institut fu¨r Biochemie, Universita¨t Tu¨ bingen, 72076 Tu¨bingen, Germany; cInstitut fu¨r Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universita¨t Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; and dDepartment of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 Edited by Arnold L. Demain, Drew University, Madison, NJ, and approved July 9, 2009 (received for review May 5, 2009) Ergot alkaloids are toxins and important pharmaceuticals that are farnesyl diphosphate synthase (11, 12), DMATS does not require produced biotechnologically on an industrial scale. The first com- magnesium or other divalent cations for its enzymatic activity, mitted step of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis is catalyzed by dimethy- although addition of 4 mM CaCl2 moderately increases its reaction lallyl tryptophan synthase (DMATS; EC 2.5.1.34). Orthologs of velocity (10). The structural gene coding for DMATS in Claviceps, DMATS are found in many fungal genomes. We report here the termed dmaW, was identified by Tsai et al. (13). A similar gene, x-ray structure of DMATS, determined at a resolution of 1.76 Å. A fgaPT2, exists in the biosynthetic gene cluster of fumigaclavine, in complex of DMATS from Aspergillus fumigatus with its aromatic the genome sequence of A. fumigatus. Expression of the DMATS substrate L-tryptophan and with an analogue of its isoprenoid sequence from A.
    [Show full text]
  • Interaction of Pergolide with Central Dopaminergic Receptors (Parkinsonism/Adenylate Cyclase) MENEK GOLDSTEIN*, ABRAHAM LIEBERMAN*, Jow Y
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 77, No. 6, pp. 3725-3728, June 1980 Neurobiology Interaction of pergolide with central dopaminergic receptors (parkinsonism/adenylate cyclase) MENEK GOLDSTEIN*, ABRAHAM LIEBERMAN*, Jow Y. LEW*, TAKU ASANO*, MYRNA R. ROSENFELDt, AND MAYNARD H. MAKMANt *New York University Medical Center, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, 560 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016; and tAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Bronx, New York 10461 Communicated by Michael Heidelberger, February 12,1980 ABSTRACT The activity of pergolide, an N-propylergoline MATERIALS AND METHODS derivative, has been tested for stimulation of central dopa- minergic receptors. Binding to dopamine receptors shows that Materials. [3H]Dopamine (8.4 Ci/mmol), [3H]Spiroperidol pergolide acts as an agonist with respect to these receptors. GTP ([3H]Spi) (23 Ci/mmol), N-n-[3H]propylnorapomorphine decreases the potencies of dopamine agonists and of pergolide, ([3H]NPA) (75 Ci/nmol) were purchased from New England but not of bromocriptine, to displace [3HJspiroperidol {43HSpi) Nuclear (1 Ci = 3.7 X 1010 becquerels). Pergolide was a gift from striatal membrane sites. The GTP-sensitive site labeled from Eli Lilly, and bromocriptine from Sandoz Pharmaceu- by [3HJSpi seems to be localized on intrastriatal dopamine re- tical. ceptors. The potency of dopamine agonists and of pergolide to Binding Assay. Preparation of bovine or rat membranes and displace [3HJSpi from striatal receptor sites is reduced in membranes exposed to higher temperatures. Pergolide, but not the ensuing binding assay were carried out as described (13). hitherto-tested dopaminergic ergots, stimulates do amine- For routine assay each tube contained 1.8 ml.
    [Show full text]
  • Mini Review on Psychedelic Drugs: Illumination on the Hidden Aspects of Mind
    Review Article Mini Review on Psychedelic Drugs: Illumination on the Hidden Aspects of Mind Lemlem Hussien Salih and Atul Kaushik* Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea ABSTRACT Psychedelics constitute a class of psychoactive drugs with unique effects on consciousness. Psychedelic means mind/soul "revealing" and refers to the ability of these drugs to illuminate normally hidden aspects of mind or psyche. Many psychedelic agents occur in nature; others are synthetically produced. Naturally occurring psychedelic drugs have been inhaled, ingested, worshiped, and reviled since Address for prehistory. The phenomenology of the hallucinogenic experience is Correspondence extremely complex, sensory, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual, levels. Most psychedelic drugs structurally resemble with Department of neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, two catecholamines (nor Medicinal Chemistry, epinephrine and dopamine), and serotonin. These structural School of Pharmacy, similarities lead to three classes for categorizing psychedelic drugs: Asmara College of anticholinergic, catecholamine-like, and serotonin-like. And also a Health Sciences, fourth class of psychedelic drugs can be included, the psychedelic Asmara, Eritrea anesthetics. This mini review focuses on pharmacological and Tel.- +291-1-186041 medicinal aspects of this class. E-mail: atul_kaushik29 Keywords: Psychedelic drugs, Pharmacological features of @rediffmail.com psychedelic drugs, SAR of psychedelic drugs. INTRODUCTION "Rational consciousness...is but one produced. Naturally occurring psychedelic special type of consciousness, whilst all drugs have been inhaled, ingested, about it, parted from it by the filmiest of worshiped, and reviled since prehistory. screens; there lie potential forms of Native American shamans consumed consciousness entirely different."-William psychedelic plants such as the peyote cactus James.
    [Show full text]
  • Ergoline Alkaloids
    Ergoline Alkaloids Prof. Dr. Ali H. Meriçli GENERALITIES All of the alkaloids in this group are derived from a tetracyclic, octahydroindoloquinoline nucleus, namely ergoline. Although these are commonly classified as clavines, simple lysergic acid derivatives, and ergopeptines, it is also possible, and less ambigous, to classify the various known alkaloids as a function of their basic nucleus. Ergoline nucleus Thus the following are distinguished : 1. Ergoline Alkaloids : Ergoline alkaloids can be substituted at C-8, most often by a methyl group (festuclavine), or a hydroxymethyl group (dihydrolysergol), or at C-8 and C-9 in rare cases. 2. 8-Ergolene Alkaloids . 8-Ergolene Alkaloids can be substituted at C-8 by a methyl group (agroclavine), a hydroxymethyl group (elymoclavine, or a carboxyl group (paspalic acid) 3. 9-Ergolene Alkaloids. 9-Ergolene alkaloids include the chief alkaloids of the ergot of rye, whether they have an amino acid structure (ergometrine), a peptide structure with a cyclol moiety (ergopeptines), or a peptide structure without a cyclol moiety (ergopeptams) 4. Secoergoline Alkaloids. Secoergoline alkaloids have an open D ring (chanoclavine I). 5. Related Structures. Related structures sometimes referred to as proergolines, include the precursor of all these compounds, in other words dimethylallyltryptophan, and products such as clavitipic acids. These alkaloids were initially characterized in the ergot of rye, Claviceps purpurea. Biosynthetic origin Labelling experiments show that the precursor of the ergoline nucleus are tryptophan, mevalonic acid and methionine. Several mechanisms have been proposed to rationalize the first step in the elaboration of ergoline, in other words the formation of dimethylallyltryptophan (= DMAT) : it involves the alkylation of tryptophan by dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, directly at C-4, catalyzed by a specific enzyme, DMAT synthetase.
    [Show full text]
  • Biotechnology and Genetics of Ergot Alkaloids
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2001) 57:593–605 DOI 10.1007/s002530100801 MINI-REVIEW P. Tudzynski · T. Correia · U. Keller Biotechnology and genetics of ergot alkaloids Received: 28 May 2001 / Received revision: 8 August 2001 / Accepted: 17 August 2001 / Published online: 20 October 2001 © Springer-Verlag 2001 Abstract Ergot alkaloids, i.e. ergoline-derived toxic me- tions in the therapy of human CNS disorders. Chemical- tabolites, are produced by a wide range of fungi, pre- ly the ergot alkaloids are 3,4-substituted indol deriva- dominantly by members of the grass-parasitizing family tives having a tetracyclic ergoline ring structure (Fig. 1). of the Clavicipitaceae. Naturally occurring alkaloids like Based on their complexity, they can be divided into two the D-lysergic acid amides, produced by the “ergot fun- families of compounds. In the D-lysergic acid deriva- gus” Claviceps purpurea, have been used as medicinal tives, a simple amino alcohol or a short peptide chain agents for a long time. The pharmacological effects of (e.g. ergotamine) is attached to the ergoline nucleus in the various ergot alkaloids and their derivatives are due amide linkage via a carboxy group in the 8-position. In to the structural similarity of the tetracyclic ring system the simpler clavine alkaloids (e.g. agroclavine) that car- to neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, dopamine or boxy group is replaced by a methyl or hydroxymethyl to serotonin. In addition to “classical” indications, e.g. mi- which attachment of side groups such as in the amide- graine or blood pressure regulation, there is a wide spec- type alkaloids is not possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Return of the Lysergamides. Part IV: Analytical and Pharmacological
    LJMU Research Online Brandt, SD, Kavanagh, PV, Twamley, B, Westphal, F, Elliott, SP, Wallach, J, Stratford, A, Klein, LM, McCorvy, JD, Nichols, DE and Halberstadt, AL Return of the lysergamides. Part IV: Analytical and pharmacological characterization of lysergic acid morpholide (LSM-775) http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/6616/ Article Citation (please note it is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from this work) Brandt, SD, Kavanagh, PV, Twamley, B, Westphal, F, Elliott, SP, Wallach, J, Stratford, A, Klein, LM, McCorvy, JD, Nichols, DE and Halberstadt, AL (2017) Return of the lysergamides. Part IV: Analytical and pharmacological characterization of lysergic acid morpholide (LSM-775). Drug Testing and LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information please contact [email protected] http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ Drug Testing and Analysis Return of the lyserga mides.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction and Identification of Clavine and Lysergic Acid Alkaloids from Morning Glories1
    EXTRACTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CLAVINE AND LYSERGIC ACID ALKALOIDS FROM MORNING GLORIES1 WELDON L. WITTERS Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio ^5701 WITTERS, WELDON L. Extraction and alkaloids. These substances are some- identification of clavine and lysergic acid times called ergoline compounds (Der alkaloids from morning glories. Ohio J. Marderosian, 1967). In 1938, Albert Sci. 75(4): 198, 1975. Hofmann of the Sandoz Company, syn- Seeds from three varieties of Ipomoea thesized LSD from ergoline compounds, grown in Ohio were examined for clavine and in 1960 he discovered lysergic acid and lysergic acid alkaloids. Three sys- and clavine alkaloids in morning glory tems of extraction of ergoline alkaloids seeds of Ipomoea violacea Sp. (Hofmann, were compared with the ammonium 1968). hydroxide-methanol-chloroform method A number of investigators, since Hof- proving superior to the others. Four mann, have identified ergoline compounds chromatographic systems were compared in Ipomoea Sp. (Genest, 1966; Niwaguchi for ability to resolve and identify ergoline and Inoue, 1969; Taber et al., 1963). alkaloids. Of the four systems, a thin- The literature records a wide range of layer system with ethyl acetate-ethanol- qualitative and quantitative data on dimethyl-formamide gave the best resolu- ergoline compounds in morning glories. tion of ergoline alkaloids. Ipomoea vio- These data are confused by the variety of lacea L. var. Pearly Gates had signifi- extraction and identification techniques cantly more total alkaloids and more and differences in preparation techniques. individual ergoline alkaloids. In trial runs in our laboratory, it was discovered that quantitative results varied from seed batch to seed batch, For many years, scientists have known and that time and technique of extrac- of a series of hallucinogenic alkaloids in tion and chromatographic separation was such unrelated plants as cactus, mush- very important.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Cases of Lysergamide Intoxication by Ingestion of Seeds from Hawaiian Baby Woodrose
    Forensic Science International 197 (2010) e1–e5 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forensic Science International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/forsciint Case report Two cases of lysergamide intoxication by ingestion of seeds from Hawaiian Baby Woodrose Helene Bendstrup Klinke a,*, Irene Breum Mu¨ ller a, Steffen Steffenrud b, Rasmus Dahl-Sørensen c a Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V’s Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark b National Board of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, Artillery Street 12, 587 58 Linko¨ping, Sweden c Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V’s Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: We describe two cases of human consumption of seeds from Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian Baby Received 3 September 2009 Woodrose), which resulted in one fatality due to falling from a building and one surviving witness. The Received in revised form 6 November 2009 principal psychoactive constituent of the seeds, lysergamide (LSA), was recovered from blood and urine Accepted 17 November 2009 samples by mixed-mode cation exchange solid-phase extraction and quantified by ultra performance Available online 16 December 2009 liquid chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–ToF/MS). The LSA concentrations were determined by UPLC–ToF/MS to be 4.9 mg/L in blood and 1.0 mg/L in urine in the dead person and 1.8 mg/ Keywords: L in blood and 0.50 mg/L in urine in the living person.
    [Show full text]