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Conflicts-In-Federal-Systems-Mintz
PUBLICATIONS SPP Research Paper Volume 12:14 April 2019 TWO DIFFERENT CONFLICTS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS: AN APPLICATION TO CANADA*† Jack M. Mintz SUMMARY Canadians are used to taking seriously the threat of separation when it comes to Quebec, but a more serious, less manageable form of conflict may eventually emerge in the federation between Western Canada and the rest of Canada. Where the Canadian government has been successful so far in managing the “conflict of taste” that has led to Quebec’s historic discomfort in the Canadian federation, because the federal government possesses the tools to address that challenge, it does not have the same tools to manage the “conflict of claim” that is creating increased dissatisfaction with Confederation in the West. The result is that Canada is a less stable federation than many observers realize. Interestingly, the future of its unity depends largely on whether the West is able to establish a lasting political alliance with Ontario even though that would mean Quebec no longer being critical for national coalitions. Conflicts of taste revolve around differences in political preferences between regions within a federation. While Quebec is animated by its different culture, history and language than the rest of Canada, which has created a conflict of taste, mechanisms have been put in place to help mitigate the friction, including: Provincial powers over key cultural institutions such as education and health, special fiscal and immigration arrangements for Quebec, guaranteed bilingualism in federal institutions and tax-collection powers unique to Quebec. Quebec’s ability to wield federal power through a Central Canadian alliance with Ontario has also helped partially alleviate the province’s discomfort within Confederation. -
A Global Comparison of Non-Sovereign Island Territories: the Search for ‘True Equality’
Island Studies Journal, 15(1), 2020, 43-66 A global comparison of non-sovereign island territories: the search for ‘true equality’ Malcom Ferdinand CNRS, Paris, France [email protected] Gert Oostindie KITLV, the Netherlands Leiden University, the Netherlands [email protected] (corresponding author) Wouter Veenendaal KITLV, the Netherlands Leiden University, the Netherlands [email protected] Abstract: For a great majority of former colonies, the outcome of decolonization was independence. Yet scattered across the globe, remnants of former colonial empires are still non-sovereign as part of larger metropolitan states. There is little drive for independence in these territories, virtually all of which are small island nations, also known as sub-national island jurisdictions (SNIJs). Why do so many former colonial territories choose to remain non-sovereign? In this paper we attempt to answer this question by conducting a global comparative study of non-sovereign jurisdictions. We start off by analyzing their present economic, social and political conditions, after which we assess local levels of (dis)content with the contemporary political status, and their articulation in postcolonial politics. We find that levels of discontent and frustration covary with the particular demographic, socio- economic and historical-cultural conditions of individual territories. While significant independence movements can be observed in only two or three jurisdictions, in virtually all cases there is profound dissatisfaction and frustration with the contemporary non-sovereign arrangement and its outcomes. Instead of achieving independence, the territories’ real struggle nowadays is for obtaining ‘true equality’ with the metropolis, as well as recognition of their distinct cultural identities. -
The Legacies of King Philip's War in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1987 The legacies of King Philip's War in the Massachusetts Bay Colony Michael J. Puglisi College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Puglisi, Michael J., "The legacies of King Philip's War in the Massachusetts Bay Colony" (1987). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623769. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-f5eh-p644 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. -
The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices Haiting Zhang
Loyola University Chicago International Law Review Volume 9 Article 3 Issue 2 Spring/Summer 2012 2012 The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices Haiting Zhang Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Haiting Zhang The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices, 9 Loy. U. Chi. Int'l L. Rev. 249 (2012). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr/vol9/iss2/3 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago International Law Review by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE LAWS ON THE ETHNIC MINORITY AUTONOMous REGIONS IN CHINA: LEGAL NoRMS AND PRACTICES Haiting Zhang t I. Introduction... ............................ 249 II. Regulated Autonomous Powers of the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions.................................. 251 A. Autonomous Legislation Powers ....................... 252 B. Special Personnel Arrangements ....................... 252 C. Other Autonomous Powers .......................... 253 III. Problems in the Operation of the Regional Ethnic Autonomous System: The Gap Between Law and Practice ................. 254 A. Local Governmental Nature of the Autonomous Agencies ... 254 B. The Tale of Regional Autonomy Regulations: Insufficient Exercise of the Autonomous Legislation Power ............ 255 C. Behind the Personnel Arrangement: Party Politics and the Ethnic Minority Regional Autonomy ................... 257 D. The Vulnerable Autonomy............................ 259 E. The Economic Gap and the Natural Resource Exploitation Issue .......................................... 260 IV. Seeking Legal Guarantees: Improving the Exercise of the Autonomous Powers.......................................... -
The Statehood of 'Collapsed' States in Public International
Agenda Internacional Año XVIII, N° 29, 2011, pp. 121-174 ISSN 1027-6750 The statehood of ‘collapsed’ states in Public International Law Pablo Moscoso de la Cuba 1. Introduction Over the last few years the international community has been witnessing a phenomenon commonly referred to as ‘State failure’ or ‘State collapse’, which has featured the disintegration of governmental structures in association with grave and intense internal armed conflicts, to the point that the social organization of society what international law considers the government of the State, a legal condition for statehood – has almost, or in the case of Somalia totally, disappeared from the ground. Such a loss of effective control that the government exercises over the population and territory of the State – the other legal conditions for statehood – pose several complex international legal questions. First and foremost, from a formal perspective, the issue is raised of whether a State that looses one of its constitutive elements of statehood continues to be a State under International Law. Such a question may only be answered after considering the international legal conditions for statehood, as well as the way current international law has dealt with the creation, continuity and extinction of States. If entities suffering from State ‘failure’, ‘collapse’ or ‘disintegration’ and referred to as ‘failed’, ‘collapsed’ or ‘disintegrated’ States continue to be States in an international legal sense, then the juridical consequences that the lack of effective government create on their condition of States and their international legal personality have to be identified and analysed. Our point of departure will therefore be to analyze ‘State collapse’ and the ‘collapsed’ State from a formal, legal perspective, which will allow us to determine both whether 122 Pablo Moscoso de la Cuba the entities concerned continue to be States and the international legal consequences of such a phenomenon over the statehood of the concerned entities. -
Types of States Activity
Types of States Activity Unit 5 - Political Geography / AP Human Geography Craig Gaslow - Westlake High School, Austin TX *Applicable to any AP Human Geography class Objective Students will learn about: 1. the dynamics of the Ukraine/Russia conflict 2. the size, shape, and population distributions of current states previously under Soviet rule 3. ethnic, religious, and linguistic distributions of former Soviet states 4. different types of states in the former Soviet Union - from multi-state nations to nation-states, from stateless nations to multi-ethnic states 5. the historical background of central Asian states Introduction Russia & Ukraine video ○ Show the following video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJAKCV8bw9E ○ Have students Think/Pair/Share the following questions ■ What does the video say about the relationship between Ukraine and Russia? ■ How does the situation in Ukraine relate to concepts we’ve discussed in the AP Human Geography political unit like the Russian near abroad, MacKinder’s Heartland Theory, autonomous states, multi-state nations, multinational states, etc.? True Size Mapping Activity 1. In groups of 2-4, have students visit: https://thetruesize.com 2. Have students choose 3 of the following states, type them into the top left search bar, and drag these countries over the United States: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. 3. Have students research the population size and population distributions of their 3 chosen countries (states), and compare these to the United States. 4. Share out these results as a class, and discuss any notable shapes (morphology): compact, large, elongated, perforated, fragmented, prorupted, microstate, exclave, enclave, landlocked. -
Our Maritime Heritage a Piscataqua Region Timeline
OUR MARITIME HERITAGE A PISCATAQUA REGION TIMELINE 14,000 years ago Glaciers melted 8,000 years ago Evidence of seasonal human activity along the Lamprey River 2,000 years ago Sea level reached today’s current levels 9approximately) Before 1600 Native Americans had been in area for thousands of years Early 1400s Evidence of farming by Natives in Eliot 1500s European explorers and fishermen visiting and trading in region 1524 Verrazano became first European to describe the Maine coast Early 1600s English settlements at Exeter, Dover, Hampton, and Kittery Early 1600s Native population devastated by European diseases 1602 Earliest landfall on the coast in York (claimed) 1607 Popham Colony established at Maine’s Kennebec River; lasts barely a year 1603 Martin Pring arrived, looking for sassafras FISHING, BEAVER TRADE 1614 Captain John Smith created the first map of the region 1620 Pilgrims from the MAYFLOWER settled at Plimoth in Massachusetts Bay 1622-23 King James granted charters to Mason and Georges for Piscataqua Plantations 1623 Fishing settlements established at Odiorne Point and Dover (Hilton) Point 1623 Kittery area is settled; incorporated in 1647, billed as oldest town in Maine 1623 Simple earthen defense was built at Fort Point (later Fort William and Mary) 1624 Captain Christopher Levitt sailed up the York River 1630 Strawbery Banke settled by Captain Neal and band of Englishmen 1630 Europeans first settle below the falls on the Salmon Falls River 1631 Stratham settled by Europeans under Captain Thomas Wiggin 1632 Fort William -
The Concepts of Enclave and Exclave and Their Use
www.ssoar.info The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region Rozhkov-Yuryevsky, Yuri Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Rozhkov-Yuryevsky, Y. (2013). The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region. Baltic Region, 2, 113-123. https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-11 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Free Digital Peer Publishing Licence This document is made available under a Free Digital Peer zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den DiPP-Lizenzen Publishing Licence. For more Information see: finden Sie hier: http://www.dipp.nrw.de/lizenzen/dppl/service/dppl/ http://www.dipp.nrw.de/lizenzen/dppl/service/dppl/ Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-351079 RESEARCH REPORTS This article focuses on the genesis of THE CONCEPTS and correlation between the related con- OF ENCLAVE cepts of enclave and exclave and the scope of their use in different sciences, fields of AND EXCLAVE knowledge, and everyday speech. The au- thor examines the circumstances of their AND THEIR USE emergence in the reference and professional IN THE POLITICAL literature in the Russian language. Special attention is paid to the typology of the AND GEOGRAPHICAL world’s enclave territories as objects of po- CHARACTERISTIC litical geography; at the same time, their new categories and divisions (international OF THE KALININGRAD enclave, overseas exclaves, internal en- claves of different levels) are extended and REGION introduced. -
St. John's University Digital Memory
QUESTION-BELIEVE-BUILD TOMORROW St.John's University NEW YORK ji BACCALAUREATE MASS AND THE NINETY-NINTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT 1969 ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY NEW YORK Graduate School of Arts and Sciences School of Law Colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences School of Education C allege of Business Administration College of Pharmacy School of General Studies BACCALAUREATE MASS SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 1969 ACT OF RE-CONSECRATION OF THE UNIVERSITY TO THE IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY PRINCIPAL CELEBRANT Queen of the Most Holy Rosary, Help of Christians, Refuge of Mankind, Victress VERY REVEREND JOSEPH T. CAHILL, C.M. in all God's battles, we humbly prostrate ourselves before thy throne, confident that we President shall obtain mercy, grace, bountiful assistance and protection in this present life, not through our own inadequate merits upon which we do not rely, but solely through the great goodness of thy Maternal Heart. CoNCELEBRANTS REVEREND WILLIAM J. CASEY, C.M. Assembled in thy name, on the occasion of this Commencement, we the adminis Vice President for Student Personnel Services trators, faculties and students of St. John's University, choose this solemn occasion to REVEREND RICHARD J. DEVINE, C.M. recall the memory of thy many favors in the past, and to offer to thee the solemn homage Dean, Colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences of our deep and abiding love. To thee and to thy Immaculate Heart we desire to re-dedi REVEREND WALTER F. GRAHAM, C.M. cate and re-consecrate our entire University. More than that, we re-consecrate our minds, Assistant Treasurer our wills, our hearts, our whole beings, all that we have, all that we are, our benefactors REVEREND JOSEPH P. -
Canada Map Scavenger Hunt
CANADA MAP SCAVENGER HUNT Search the political map of Canada to find the province or territory that correctly matches the description: A=Alberta; BC=British Columbia; M=Manitoba; NB=New Brunswick; NF=Newfoundland; NT=Northwest Territories; NS=Nova Scotia; NU=Nunavut; O=Ontario; P=Prince Edward Island; Q=Quebec; S=Saskatchewan; Y=Yukon Territory _____1) the city of Alert off of Cape Sheridan and Cape Hecla is located here _____2) the Calgary Stampede attracts a million visitors every year to this province _____3) Saint John is a city here, but it’s not the capital _____4) the Klondike Plateau was the site of a gold rush _____5) Charlottetown is the capital city _____6) Mt. St. Elias is found here _____7) Canada’s easternmost province _____8) Ottawa, the national capital, is located here _____9) Lake Winnipeg is here _____10) Saskatoon is a city here _____11) Iqaluit has an airport and is the capital city _____12) the Peace and Athabasca rivers flow here _____13) Regina is the capital and headquarters for the “Mounties” _____14) includes Baffin and Ellesmere Islands _____15) Whitehorse is the capital city _____16) the Coast Mountains and the Rockies cross through here _____17) the eastern half of Lake Athabasca is here _____18) Banks Island is in this part of Canada _____19) Winnipeg is the capital city _____20) the Toronto Blue Jays play here _____21) Halifax is the capital city _____22) shares its western border with Maine _____23) Canada’s westernmost province _____24) borders Lake Superior _____25) north of North Dakota and Montana _____26) tourists flock to Great Slave Lake here _____27) the only island province _____28) includes Cape Breton Island _____29) Yellowknife is he capital _____30) Montreal hosted the 1976 Olympic Games _____31) lies north of Quebec and borders the Northwest Territories _____32) Fredericton is the capital city _____33) borders Alaska, British Columbia, and the Northwest Territories _____34) more than four-fifths of the people here live near the city of Vancouver _____35) includes the mainland of Labrador. -
Municipal Officials Directory 2021
MANITOBA MUNICIPAL RELATIONS Municipal Officials Directory 21 Last updated: September 23, 2021 Email updates: [email protected] MINISTER OF MUNICIPAL RELATIONS Room 317 Legislative Building Winnipeg, Manitoba CANADA R3C 0V8 ,DPSOHDVHGWRSUHVHQWWKHXSGDWHGRQOLQHGRZQORDGDEOH0XQLFLSDO2IILFLDOV'LUHFWRU\7KLV IRUPDWSURYLGHVDOOXVHUVZLWKFRQWLQXDOO\XSGDWHGDFFXUDWHDQGUHOLDEOHLQIRUPDWLRQ$FRS\ FDQEHGRZQORDGHGIURPWKH3URYLQFH¶VZHEVLWHDWWKHIROORZLQJDGGUHVV KWWSZZZJRYPEFDLDFRQWDFWXVSXEVPRGSGI 7KH0XQLFLSDO2IILFLDOV'LUHFWRU\FRQWDLQVFRPSUHKHQVLYHFRQWDFWLQIRUPDWLRQIRUDOORI 0DQLWRED¶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erek Johnson 0LQLVWHU TABLE OF CONTENTS MANITOBA EXECUTIVE COUNCIL IN ORDER OF PRECEDENCE ............................. 2 PROVINCE OF MANITOBA – DEPUTY MINISTERS ..................................................... 5 MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY ............................................................ 7 MUNICIPAL RELATIONS .............................................................................................. -
When the Demos Shapes the Polis - the Use of Referendums in Settling Sovereignty Issues
When the Demos Shapes the Polis - The Use of Referendums in Settling Sovereignty Issues. Gary Sussman, London School of Economics (LSE). Introduction This chapter is a survey of referendums dealing with questions of sovereignty. This unique category of referendum usage is characterized by the participation of the demos in determining the shape of the polis or the nature of its sovereignty. The very first recorded referendums, following the French Revolution, were sovereignty referendums. Though far from transparent and fair, these votes were strongly influenced by notions of self- determination and the idea that title to land could not be changed without the consent of those living on that land. Since then there have been over two hundred and forty sovereignty referendums. In the first part of this chapter I will briefly review referendum usage in general. This international analysis of 1094 referendums excludes the United States of America, where initiatives are extensively used by various states and Switzerland, which conducted 414 votes on the national level from 1866 to 1993. This comparative analysis of trends in referendum usage will provide both a sketch of the geographical distribution of use and a sense of use by issue. In the second section of this chapter I examine the history and origins of the sovereignty referendum and identify broad historical trends in its use. It will be demonstrated there have been several high tides in the use of sovereignty referendums and that these high tides are linked to high tides of nationalism, which have often followed the collapse of empires. Following this historical overview a basic typology of six sub-categories, describing sovereignty referendums will be suggested.