U.S.– Latin American Relations

U.S.– Latin American Relations Basic American Documents Series Editor Andrzej Mania U.S.– Latin American Relations Karol Derwich Jagiellonian University Press Series: Basic American Documents The publication of this volume was supported by the Jagiellonian University – Institute of American Studies and Polish Diaspora and Faculty of International and Political Studies REVIEWER prof. dr hab. Jadwiga Kiwerska COVER DESIGN Paweł Bigos © Copyright by Karol Derwich & Jagiellonian University Press First edition, Kraków 2014 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, me- chanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN 978-83-233-3746-1 www.wuj.pl Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Redakcja: ul. Michałowskiego 9/2, 31-126 Kraków tel. 12-663-23-81, tel./fax 12-663-23-83 Dystrybucja: tel. 12-631-01-97, tel./fax 12-631-01-98 tel. kom. 506-006-674, e-mail: [email protected] Konto: PEKAO SA, nr 80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter One. The First Half of the 19th Century ..................................................................... 9 Simón Bolivar: Letter from Jamaica, September 6, 1815 ...................................................... 10 The Monroe Doctrine, December 2, 1823 .............................................................................. 17 President James Polk’s First Annual Message, December 2, 1845 ........................................ 20 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848 .................................................................... 23 Chapter Two. The Cuban-American Affairs ............................................................................ 27 John Quincy Adams’ Letter to Hugh Nelson, April 28, 1823 ................................................. 28 The Ostend Manifest, October 15, 1854 ................................................................................. 32 José Martí, Nuestra America (Our America), January 30, 1891 ............................................ 35 The Decision to Act Against Spain, William McKinley, April 11, 1898 ................................. 41 The Teller Amendment, April 20, 1898 ................................................................................... 48 The Platt Amendment, March 2, 1902 .................................................................................... 50 Fidel Castro’s Address before the U.N. General Assembly, September 26, 1960 .................. 51 Chapter Three. Inter-oceanic Canal in Central America ........................................................ 59 The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, April 19, 1850 ........................................................................... 60 The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, November 18, 1901 .................................................................. 62 The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, November 18, 1903 .............................................................. 64 Torrijos-Carter Treaties, September 7, 1977 .......................................................................... 67 Chapter Four. At the Turn of the 19th and 20th Century .......................................................... 71 James Blaine Opening Address at the First International American Conference, October 2, 1889 ........................................................................................................................................ 72 The Olney Memorandum, July 20, 1895 ................................................................................. 74 The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine .................................................................. 77 The Fourth International American Conference, July 20 – August 30, 1910 ........................ 81 Woodrow Wilson Non-recognition Doctrine ........................................................................... 85 A Latin American Doctrine of Anti-imperialism, Victor Haya de la Torre, 1926 ................... 87 Chapter Five. Good Neighbor Policy ........................................................................................ 91 The Clark Memorandum, December 17, 1928 ....................................................................... 92 Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Good Neighbor Policy .................................................. 93 The Anti-war Treaty of Non-aggression and Conciliation (Saavedra Lamas Treaty), October 10, 1933 ............................................................................................................. 95 7th International Conference of American States, Montevideo, December 26, 1933 ............. 98 Declaration of Principles of Inter-American Solidarity and Cooperation, December 21, 1936.......................................................................................................... 102 6 Chapter Six. Inter-American System ....................................................................................... 105 The Act of Chapultepec, March 6, 1945 ................................................................................ 106 The Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, September 2, 1947 ............................ 110 The Charter of the Organization of American States, April 30, 1948 ................................... 113 American Treaty on Paciﬁ c Settlement (Pact of Bogota), April 30, 1948 ............................... 120 Resolutions Adopted at the Eighth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Punta del Este, Uruguay, January 22–31, 1962 .............................................................. 126 Chapter Seven. The Cold War in the Western Hemisphere ................................................... 133 Caracas Declaration of Solidarity, March 28, 1954 ............................................................. 134 The Alliance for Progress ...................................................................................................... 136 The Second Declaration of Havana, February 4, 1962 ......................................................... 144 Guerilla Warfare: A Method, 1963 ........................................................................................ 151 The National Security of All the Americas Is at Stake in Central America ........................... 157 Chapter Eight. The End of the Cold War and Democratization ........................................... 161 The Enterprise for the Americas Initiative, 1990 .................................................................. 162 The Santiago Declaration and the Mechanism of Defending Democracy in America, 1991 164 Declaration of Managua, 1993 ............................................................................................. 168 The North American Free Trade Agreement / Tratado de Libre Comercio en America del Norte, 1994 ................................................................................................................ 171 Chapter Nine. The Summits of the Americas .......................................................................... 177 The First Summit of the Americas, Miami, December 9–11, 1994 ........................................ 178 The Second Summit of the Americas, Santiago de Chile, April 18–19, 1998 ........................ 181 The Third Summit of the Americas, Quebec City, April 20–22, 2001 ................................... 185 The Fourth Summit of the Americas, Mar del Plata, November 5, 2005 .............................. 189 Chapter Ten. The War on Drugs .............................................................................................. 195 Richard Nixon’s “War on Drugs” .......................................................................................... 196 Illegal Drugs as a Threat to National Security and the Certiﬁ cation Procedure .................. 200 Plan Colombia, 2000 ............................................................................................................. 205 Merida Initiative .................................................................................................................... 212 Foreword This volume represents the latest one of the Basic American Documents. The series is the product of research carried out by the Institute of American Studies and Polish Diaspora and the Institute of Political Studies and International Relations of the Jagiellonian University. Over the past few years this series has presented impressive collections of primary sources related to American history, foreign policy and constitutional law.1 In this volume Karol Derwich, a Ph.D. from the Center for Latin American Studies of the Institute of American Studies and Polish Diaspora, presents a collection of primary sources related to U.S. relations with Latin American and Caribbean region. The volume, organized by chronology and theme, will be especially useful for those scholars focusing on U.S. foreign policy in Latin American and the Caribbean region. The selection of texts and documents will seek to demonstrate a more modern and complicated history. There are, of course, several texts documenting the American domination over Latin American and Caribbean States. Of particular note are those outlining recent differences between the United

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