Cfreptiles & Amphibians

WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 189 23(2):108–109 • AUG 2016

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURE ARTICLES .BifidChasing Bullsnakes (PituophisTails catenifer sayi ) inin Wisconsin: Two Indian Lizards On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and HumansRaju Vyason Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ...... Robert W. Henderson 198 505, Krishnadeep Tower, Mission Road, Fatehgunj, Vadodara, Gujarat, India ([email protected]) RESEARCH ARTICLES . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida ...... Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 utotomy (tail loss, usually as a defense mechanism) is known to occurCONSERVATION in many lizards ALERT (e.g., Arnold 1988). A . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 After breakage, tail stubs. More heal Than Mammalsrapidly ...... and regeneration begins 223 (Bateman and Fleming. The 2009). “Dow Jones In Index” the ofprocess Biodiversity of ...... regeneration, 225 vertebrae do not regenerateHUSBANDRY and are replaced by a cartilaginous rod (Alibardi 2009).. CaptiveTwo-tailed Care of the Central(bifid, Netted two-pronged) Dragon ...... and Shannon Plummer 226 even poly-tailed (polyfid, more than two-pronged) lizards are PROFILE not uncommon (e.g.,. KraigBellairs Adler: A andLifetime Bryant Promoting 1985).Herpetology This ...... phe- Michael L. Treglia 234 nomenon usually occurs when a tail is only partially broken COMMENTARY Fig. 2. An adult House Gecko (Hemidactylus sp.) with a bifid tail observed and does not detach completely, but is sufficiently broken to at the Forest Guest House, Dangs, Gujarat, India. Photograph © Viral . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ...... Eric Gangloff 238 stimulate new tail growth. Herein, I present two examples of Prjapati. bifid tails, one in BOOKa House REVIEW Gecko, Hemidactylus cf. brookii (Geckkonidae) and the. Threatened other in Amphibians a Sun Skink,of the World Eutropis edited by S.N.allapal Stuart,- M. Hoffmann,(Eutropis J.S. allapallensisChanson, N.A. Cox,; sometimes considered a synonym of E. R. Berridge, P. Ramani, and B.E. Young ...... Robert Powell 243 lensis (Mabuyidae), both from Gujarat State, India. macularia) with a bifid tail under leaf litter in the Sagai Forest On 23 March CONSERVATION 2016, I observed RESEARCH an REPORTS: adult Summariesgecko of PublishedArea, Conservation Shoolpaneswar Research Reports Wildlife ...... Sanctuary, 245 Narmada District. (Hemidactylus cf. brookii NATURAL) with HISTORY a bifid RESEARCH tail from REPORTS the outskirts: Summaries of PublishedThe skink Reports had on Natural a normal History ...... tail with a dorsal 247 prong at about mid-  NEWBRIEFS ...... 248 of Surat City. The anteriorEDITORIAL tail INFORMATION was normal, ...... with enlarged, tail (Fig. 3). To the best of my knowledge, 251 these are the first conical tubercles that FOCUS were ONmissing CONSERVATION on the bifid: A Projectsections, You Can each Support ...... records of bifid tails in these species. 252 of which was about 4 cm in length (Fig. 1). A week after the initial observation, the left prong was lost. Within two weeks, Acknowledgements it grew back to about 1.5 cm in length (Fig. 1). On 7 April I am very thankful to Mr. Kartick Upadhayay (Vadodara), 2008, I had observed another adultFront gecko Cover. (Hemidactylus Shannon Plummer. sp.) ViralBack Prajapati, Cover. Michael Dinkash Kern Parmar, and Mr. Vasudev P. Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo with a bifid tail at the Forest Guestestibus House inveliquo in velique Dangs rerchil (Fig. Limbachiaestibus inveliquo for velique sharing rerchil information, providing photographs, 2). On 28 March 2016, I found erspienimus,an Allapalli quos accullabo.Grass IlibusSkink erspienimus,and accompanying quos accullabo. Ilibus me in the field. aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo.

Fig. 1. An adult House Gecko (Hemidactylus cf. brookii; left) with a bifid tail observed in the vicinity of Surat City, Gujarat, India. The same adult gecko (right) with a bifid tail after the left prong was lost and subsequently regenerated. Photographs © Dinkash Parmar and Vasudev P. Limbachia.

Literature Cited Alibardi, L. 2009. Morphological and Cellular Aspects of Tail and Limb Regeneration in Lizards: A Model System with Implications for Tissue Regeneration in Mammals. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Arnold, E.N. 1988. Caudal autotomy as a defense, pp. 235–273. In: C. Gans and R. Huey (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 16. Ecology B: Defense and Life History. Alan R. Liss, New York. Bateman, P.W. and P.A. Fleming. 2009. To cut a long tail short: A review of lizard caudal autotomy studies carried out over the last 20 years. Journal of Zoology 277: 1–14. Bellairs, A.D. and S.V. Bryant. 1985. Autotomy and regeneration in reptiles, pp. 303–410. In: C. Gans and F. Billett (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 15. Development B. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Fig. 3. An Allapalli Grass Skink (Eutropis allapallensis) with a bifid tail observed at the Sagai Forest Area of Shoolpaneswar Wildlife Sanctuary, Narmada District, Gujarat, India. Photograph © Raju Vyas.

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