DOCSLIB.ORG

Report to the Government of Kazakhstan: Policies for Industrial and Service Diversification In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report to the Government of Kazakhstan: Policies for Industrial and Service Diversification In Report to the Government of Kazakhstan: Policies for Industrial and Service Diversification in Report to the Government of Kazakhstan Policies for Industrial and Service Diversification in Asia in the 21st Century Asia in the 21st Century Report to the Government of Kazakhstan in Asia in the 21st Century Policies for Industrial and Service Diversification Jesus Felipe* Changyong Rhee* * We are grateful to H.E. Kairat Kelimbetov (Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan), Madina Abylkassymova (Vice-Minister of Economy and Budget Planning of the Republic of Kazakhstan), and a number of other ministers and high-level officials of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan for their guidance, inputs, and kind assistance since the inception of this project; to Maria Joy Abrenica, Joven Balbosa, Fred Block, Jungmoh Chang, Kristine Farla, Francesca Guadagno, Cesar Hidalgo, Matthew Keller, Mushtaq Khan, DoHoon Kim, Aigul Kosherbayeva, Keun Lee, Guanghui Li, Justin Lin, Cheryl Long, Jayant Menon, William Mitchell, Manshuk Nurseitova, Lyaziza G. Sabyrova, Siew Yean Tham, Bart Verspagen, Yan Wang, and Xiaobo Zhang, for their inputs; and to Mike Alba and Kevin Donahue for their editorial assistance. Disclaimer: The authors are responsible for any errors. Data analyses in this report use data up to 2010, and hence do not reflect progress on industrial diversification after such date. The views expressed in this report reflect those of the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. October 2013 © 2013 Asian Development Bank All rights reserved. Published 2013. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9254-282-5 (Print), 978-92-9254-283-2 (PDF) Publication Stock No. RPT136049-3 Cataloging-in-Publication Data Asian Development Bank Report to the Government of Kazakhstan: Policies for industrial and service diversification in Asia in the 21st century Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2013. 1. Kazakhstan. 2. Diversification. 3. Industrial Policy 4. Revealed Comparative Advantage. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB. Note: In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars. Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444 Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org For orders, please contact: Department of External Relations Fax +63 2 636 2648 [email protected] Printed on recycled paper Foreword The economy of Kazakhstan has performed remarkably well since gaining independence in 1991. Between 1993 and 2012, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita grew more than 17 times, from $696 to $12,119. Furthermore, during the last 10 years, GDP grew in real terms at an annual average growth rate of 7.2%. All sectors of the economy (both goods and services) contributed to achieving this high growth rate. Between 2002 and 2012, the most rapid growth was achieved by the mining sector, which grew 1.7 times, manufacturing (which grew 1.8 times), construction (which grew 3 times), telecommunications (which grew 7.5 times), and transportation services (which grew 1.9 times). The excellent performance of the economy was the result of both sound macroeconomic policies and a favorable investment climate. During 1993–2012, Kazakhstan attracted $170 billion of foreign direct investment. To sustain macroeconomic stability and manage its oil revenues, Kazakhstan established the National Fund with assets reaching $65.9 billion as of September 2013. Moving forward, Kazakhstan’s strategic development objective is long-term sustainability, which requires diversifying the economy and upgrading the human capital base. We forecast that the economy will be 45% larger in 2018 than in 2012, which will ensure that GDP per capita reaches $24,000 by then. Kazakhstan’s success is all the more remarkable given the significant slowdown of many economies after the global financial crisis. However, Kazakhstan’s economy remains heavily dependent on oil, and this dependence is increasing. In 2000 petroleum accounted for 50% of total exports. Over the next decade a disturbing trend became apparent and by 2010, oil represented an even larger share, 61% of total exports. Since 2010, the Government of Kazakhstan has renewed its efforts to increase economic diversification through a state program of Industrial–Innovative Development of Kazakhstan for 2010–2014. Currently, Kazakhstan is developing the second stage of this program, geared towards transforming the economy by emphasizing and prioritizing more knowledge-intensive and innovative industries. Kazakhstan has also chosen a policy of “related diversification.” This strategy is focused on four ‘new generation’ integrated industrial–economic clusters, including: (i) an integrated energy cluster; (ii) a metallurgy and machinery cluster; (iii) an agriculture and food processing cluster; and (iv) an integrated chemicals cluster. In 2011, the Government of Kazakhstan requested policy advice from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) on how to further diversify the economy and on how to modernize its industrial policy. The government was likewise keen to learn from the experiences on diversification and industrialization policies of both developed economies and other economies, including Australia, the People’s Republic of China, the European Union, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, and the United States, as their experiences could provide important insights on the probable outcomes of Kazakhstan’s own efforts at diversification and industrialization. iv Foreword This report is the culmination of close cooperation between the Government of Kazakhstan and ADB. It documents the degree of diversification and sophistication of Kazakhstan’s economy during the past 15 years and summarizes the experiences and lessons of different economies in modernizing industrial policy tools. The report emphasizes that industrial policy should be stage-of-development dependent. Given Kazakhstan’s current income level and industrial structure, it points out that the effectiveness of traditional industrial policies may have reached a limit and that the government ought to benchmark advanced countries’ indirect industrial policies and risk-management framework through the financial markets. ADB staff in the Economics and Research Department, the Central and West Asia Regional Department, and the Kazakhstan resident mission cooperated closely with the Government of Kazakhstan in preparing this report. I’m confident that the analyses and recommendations in this publication will prove useful to the Government of Kazakhstan in its quest for economic diversification and modernization. Kairat Kelimbetov Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan 30 September 2013 Contents Foreword iii Boxes, Figures, and Tables vi Acronyms and Abbreviations viii Executive Summary x Introduction 1 PART I 3 A. Why Does Kazakhstan Need to Diversify its Economy? 3 B. Kazakhstan’s Industrial Policy Programs: A Brief Overview 7 C. Kazakhstan’s Diversification 1995–2010 14 D. The Limits to Diversification in Kazakhstan 20 PART II 23 A. Key Issues in Industrial Policy 23 1. Who selects the sectors? 24 2. What is the rationale for sector selection? 28 3. What are the main tools used to promote sectors? 39 4. How can innovation, technology, and human capital development be fostered? 42 5. What are the most effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms? 50 B. Policy Priorities for Industrial Diversification in Kazakhstan 56 Appendix 59 References 73 Boxes, Figures, and Tables Box 1: Algeria’s Failure to Diversify 7 Box 2: Samruk–Kazyna: Kazakhstan’s Sovereign Wealth Fund 12 Box 3: Green Growth in Kazakhstan 13 Box 4: The National Financial Support System for SMEs in the Republic of Korea 41 Box 5: The Rapid Development of Human Capital at the Pohang Steel Corporation 44 Box 6: Coordination Systems for Policy Implementation 51 Box 7: Designing Evaluation Indicators and Mechanisms 52 Box 8: Monitoring and Evaluation of Government Support Programs for SME Innovation and R&D 53 Figure 1: Kazakhstan’s Oil Production and Consumption, 2000–2013 2 Figure 2: Export Structures of Costa Rica, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and Venezuela 4 Figure 3: Diversification of Brazil’s Exports, 1965 and 2010 5 Figure 4: Kazakhstan’s Real Gross Domestic Product—Trend and Projection (1994 prices) 8 Figure 5: Standardness and Diversification 18 Figure 6: Economic Complexity Index—Selected Asian Economies 19 Figure 7: The Product Space 30 Figure 8: Product Space—Kazakhstan and Turkey, 1995 and 2010 32 Figure 9: The Lisbon Strategy “MAP” 34 Figure 10: European Investment Fund 34 Figure 11: Onlending by KfW 35 Figure 12:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geopolitical Rivalry, Terrorism Among Threats Facing Eurasia, Nazarbayev
    -2° / -3°C WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 2018 No 22 (160) www.astanatimes.com Geopolitical rivalry, terrorism President opens AIX’s among threats facing Eurasia, first trading session Nazarbayev tells Astana Club See story on Page A4. GDP grows 4.1 percent not witnessed such a confrontation Economic contradictions, in Nazarbayev said some parts of By Assel Satubaldina in 10 months of 2018 for quite a long time. The so-called what is known as trade wars, are the Greater Eurasia may turn into post-bipolar world order becomes on the rise with an increasing the scene of large-scale military solid growth with an eight-month ASTANA – Astana Club, a a thing of the past. We witness the threat posed to global economies. confrontation and the Middle East, By Zhanna Shayakhmetova increase of 21.6 percent. Exports platform to debate public issues formation of Greater Eurasia,” “One of such wars is unfolding where instability is caused by the increased by 28.2 percent due to based on Chatham House rules, said Nazarbayev. between the U.S. and China, to- Syrian crisis, political tensions in ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s gross the increased supply of oil and kicked off its fourth annual meet- Escalating the geopolitical ri- gether accounting for the third of Iraq, civil war in Libya and inter- domestic product (GDP) grew 4.1 natural gas, agricultural products, ing Nov. 12. The meeting focused valry between China, Russia and the world’s economy, 20 percent nal challenges, is among such re- percent in a ten-month period, re- aluminium and copper ores.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Approval Form Nazarbayev University School of Sciences and Humanities
    THESIS APPROVAL FORM NAZARBAYEV UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES NATION BRANDING: AN INSTRUMENT OF SOFT POWER OR NATION-BUILDING? THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN ҰЛТТЫҚ БРЕНДИНГ: ЖҰМСАҚ ҚУАТ НЕ ҰЛТ-ҚҰРЫЛЫС ҚҰРЫЛҒЫСЫ? ҚАЗАҚСТАН ҮЛГІСІ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ БРЕНДИНГ: ИНСТРУМЕНТ МЯГКОЙ СИЛЫ ИЛИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО? ПРИМЕР КАЗАХСТАНА BY Leila Ramankulova APPROVED BY DR. Neil Collins ON 3rd May of 2020 _________________________________________ Signature of Principal Thesis Adviser In Agreement with Thesis Advisory Committee Second Reader: Dr. Spencer L Willardson External Reviewer: Dr. Phil Harris NATION BRANDING: AN INSTRUMENT OF SOFT POWER OR NATION-BUILDING? THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN ҰЛТТЫҚ БРЕНДИНГ: ЖҰМСАҚ ҚУАТ НЕ ҰЛТ-ҚҰРЫЛЫС ҚҰРЫЛҒЫСЫ? ҚАЗАҚСТАН ҮЛГІСІ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ БРЕНДИНГ: ИНСТРУМЕНТ МЯГКОЙ СИЛЫ ИЛИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО? ПРИМЕР КАЗАХСТАНА by Leila Ramankulova A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science and International Relations at NAZARBAYEV UNIVERSITY - SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 2020 © 2020 LEILA RAMANKULOVA All Rights Reserved NATION BRANDING: AN INSTRUMENT OF SOFT POWER OR NATION-BUILDING? THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN ҰЛТТЫҚ БРЕНДИНГ: ЖҰМСАҚ ҚУАТ НЕ ҰЛТ-ҚҰРЫЛЫС ҚҰРЫЛҒЫСЫ? ҚАЗАҚСТАН ҮЛГІСІ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ БРЕНДИНГ: ИНСТРУМЕНТ МЯГКОЙ СИЛЫ ИЛИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО? ПРИМЕР КАЗАХСТАНА by Leila Ramankulova Principal Adviser: Dr. Neil Collins Second Reader: Dr. Spencer L Willardson External Reviewer: Dr. Phil Harris Electronic Version Approved: Dr. Caress Schenk Director of the MA Program in Political Science and International Relations School of Humanities and Social Sciences Nazarbayev University May 2020 v Abstract Nation branding is a process by which countries seek to create an attractive image and manipulate its external perception. The process of branding a nation involves a broad array of activities from an advertisement on TV and journals to much more extensive public diplomacy initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • December 16, 2012 Kazakhstan Independence
    4 The Japan Times Sunday, December 16, 2012 第３種郵便物認可 Kazakhstan independence day Night view: The contemporary skyline of Astana lights up the Ishim River. First designed by Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa, Astana is the new capital city at the heart of the nation. EmbAssy of KAzakhstAn further deepening of strategic partnership with Japan Rising Kazakhstan continues to pursue new global initiatives for safer, cleaner energy Akylbek Kamaldinov trustful cooperation with other of the world to abandon nuclear and the increase in the peace- century. AmbAssAdor of the republic of countries serve as much more tests forever. keeping role of religious and The economic model imple- KAzakhstAn solid security guarantees than Taking this opportunity, I spiritual leaders. mented by President nursultan huge arsenals of the deadliest would like to urge the readers against this background, it is nazarbayev proved its high ef- On dec. 16, our country cele- weapons. of The Japan Times and all the necessary to stress the impor- fectiveness and stability during brates one of the most important In 2009, the U.n. General As- people of good will to support tance of the initiative of Presi- the recent global crisis. despite national holidays — the Inde- sembly unanimously approved the aTOM Project and to make dent nursultan nazarbayev to it, Kazakhstan was able to mini- pendence day the initiative of President Nursul- the creation of the non-nuclear convene a Conference on Inter- mize the negative trends and of the republic tan nazarbayev, declaring aug. world our main goal. action and Confidence Building quickly return to the path of sus- of Kazakhstan.
    [Show full text]
  • Kazakhstan Takes Control of Two Banks
    Legal Alert Бейкер и Макензи – Baker & McKenzie – Си-Ай-Эс, Лимитед CIS, Limited Қазақстан Республикасы Samal Towers, 8th Floor 050051, Алматы, Самал-2 97 Zholdasbekov Street Жолдасбеков көшесі 97 Samal-2, Almaty 050051 Самал Тауэрс, 8 қабат Kazakhstan Тел.: +7 727 250 99 45 Tel: +7 727 250 99 45 Факс: +7 727 258 40 00 Fax: +7 727 258 40 00 [email protected] [email protected] www.bakernet.com www.bakernet.com 4 February 2009 KAZAKHSTAN TAKES CONTROL OF TWO BANKS In line with Baker & McKenzie’s practice of keeping clients informed of important legal developments that might influence your business, we would like to draw your attention to the following recent changes in Kazakhstan’s banking sector. Overview On 2 February 2009, Kazakhstan took steps to take control of two of its largest banks, JSC BTA Bank and JSC Alliance Bank. BTA Bank and Alliance Bank are the largest bank and the fourth largest bank, respectively, in Kazakhstan.1 BTA Bank On 2 February, the press-service of the Government of Kazakhstan made a public announcement that the Government had taken a decision to cause BTA Bank to issue 29,915,425 new voting shares and to sell those shares to the national management holding company JSC National Welfare Fund Samruk-Kazyna (“Samruk-Kazyna”). This mandatory issuance will result in Samruk-Kazyna’s acquiring complete control over BTA Bank (by holding 78.14% of the bank’s voting shares) and in dilution of the existing shareholders to 21.86%.2 The purchase price for the shares is set at 8,401 tenge per share, which was the opening price for BTA Bank’s shares at the Kazakhstani Stock Exchange on 2 February.3 The total price for the shares is 251,319,485,425 tenge (approximately US $2.06 billion, at the exchange rate in effect on that date).
    [Show full text]
  • 4, Anti-Corruption
    Report No.36494-KZRepublicofKazakhstan ReformandModernization Administration Tax Vo Report No. 36494-KZ Republic of Kazakhstan Tax Administration Reform and Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Modernization (In Two Volumes) Volume II: Tax Strategy Paper June 2008 Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit Europe and Central Asia Region Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized l. II Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized A Study under the Joint Economic and Research Program of the Government of Kazakhstan and the World Bank CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ i 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 A . THE CHALLENGES OF A MODERNTAX ADMINISTRATION .............................................................. 1 B . THETAX ADMINISTRATION IN THE KAZAKHSTANCONTEXT .................................... 2 . ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ............................................................................................... 8 A . CURRENTORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CHALLENGES........................................................ 8 B . RECOMMENDATIONS ... .................... 3 . HUMAN RESOURCES ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics of Political Stability in Central Asian Republics – the Case of Kazakhstan Master's Thesis
    T.C. TURKISH-GERMAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MASTER OF EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS THE DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL STABILITY IN CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS – THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN MASTER'S THESIS Çağla KALKAN ADVISOR Prof. Dr. Murat ERDOĞAN ISTANBUL, November 2020 i THE DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL STABILITY IN CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS – THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN Çağla KALKAN Turkish – German University Institute of Social Sciences Department of European and International Affairs Master’s Thesis ISTANBUL, 2020 ii Abstract This master thesis tried to find the unique dynamics of the region in order to ensure and maintain political stability in Central Asia. In this regard, the conditions necessary for the clans and the political authority to maintain balance in the region have been examined. The change of the clans in Kazakhstan over the years and how they kept up with the Soviet system are explained. The political life and clans’ relations in Kazakhstan have been examined. The political methods followed by Nazarbayev, who served for a long time, to establish the balance between the clans are listed. The protests of Zhanaozen, one of the events that shook the authority of Nazarbayev the most, were chosen as a case study. The "Socio-political corporatism" argument of Vadim Volovoj was tested by the 2011 Zhanaozen uprising in Kazakhstan. In this event, the conflict of interest between the clans and the political authority was proved and the socio-economic level was controlled. No deterioration in the socio- economic level was detected within five years before the events. It is emphasized by a case study that the socio-economic level is an important dynamic during the conflict between clans and political authority.
    [Show full text]
  • AGENDA London, Great Britain October 20-21, 2010
    AGENDA London, Great Britain October 20-21, 2010 Organiser: With Support of: Main Sponsor and Partner: Platinum Sponsor: Government of Kazakhstan ENRC The Embassy of the Republic JOINT STOCK COMPANY of Kazakhstan in UK “NATIONAL WELFARE FUND “SAMRUK-KAZINA” October 20, 2010 The Banqueting House 08:30 Registration 09.30 Opening of the Forum – video message Karim Massimov, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 09:40 Welcoming address The Rt Hon William Hague MP, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs 09:45 Welcoming address Kairat Abuseitov, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Kazakhstan to the United Kingdom 09.50 Welcoming address Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum 09:55 Welcoming address and program message Olivier Descamps, Managing Director for Central Asia, Turkey, Eastern Europe and Caucasus, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 10.00-10.40 Results of the post-crisis development of Kazakhstan and further prospects Aset Issekeshev, Deputy Prime Minister – Minister of Industry and New Technologies of Kazakhastan Zhanar Aitzhanova, Minister of Economic Development and Trade of Kazakhastan Gali Iskaliev, Chairman of the Management Board, Kazakhstan Development Bank Lord Waverley, Head of British-Kazakh All-Party Parliamentary Group Sir John Stuttard, Co-Chairman of the Kazakh-British Trade & Industrial Council World Bank Representative Moderator: Kairat Kelimbetov, Chief Executive of “Samruk-Kazyna” October 20, 2010 The Banqueting House 10.45 Coffee break 11.00-11.50 Section 1 “Fuel and Energy Sector of Kazakhstan: principal directions for development” Sauat Mynbayev, Minister of Oil and Gas of Kazakhstan Dujsenbaj Turganov, Vice-Minister of Industry and New Technologies of Kazakhstan Kairgeldy Kabyldin, Chairman of Board of the National Oil and Gas Company “KazMunaiGas” Erlan Upushev, Chairman of Board of “Samruk-Energy” Yves-Louis Darricarrère, President of Exploration and Production of Total S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Kazakhstan and EXPO 2017 ASTANA
    Spring-Summer 2013 - Newsletter n°21 the BIE newsletter Kazakhstan and EXPO 2017 During the 152nd BIE General Assembly, on November 22, 2012, the BIE Member States selected Kazakhstan and its capital Astana as the host of the International Expo in 2017 with the theme " Future Energy ". BIE General Assembly : Moment of happiness at the announcement of the victory of Astana to host Expo 2017. Imangali Tasmagambetov, Mayor of Astana, and Kairat Kelimbetov, Kairat Kelimbetov, Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan - H.E.M. Nurlan Danenov, Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan. Ambassador of Kazakhstan in France - Rapil Zhoshybayev, Commissioner general of EXPO 2017 Astana The EXPO will be held for the !rst time in the heart of the large Eurasian continent. I am sure that the International Exhibition "Future Energy" will give a powerful bound to the transformations of the energy in the world. Kazakhstan will make all possible e"orts to guarantee an exceptional quality level, declared the same day the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. 2 - BIE INFO n°21 The President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, addresses the guests in the evening of November 22nd and expresses his happiness. independence, has been a model of stability A short History of and an example at both a regional and global level. A good illustration of that was the Kazakhstan nomination of Kazakhstan to the Presidency of the OSCE - Organization for Security and Kazakhstan is a young country. It gained its Cooperation in Europe - for 2010. This was the independence in 1991 after having been one of recognition not only of Kazakhstan’s capacity the socialist republics.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkic Council Monthly News Bulletin – May – June 2012 Prepared by Turkic Council Secretariat
    TURKIC COUNCIL MONTHLY NEWS BULLETIN – MAY – JUNE 2012 PREPARED BY TURKIC COUNCIL SECRETARIAT Azerbaijan “No one favors current status-quo in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict” May 16 (AzerTAc). No one favored the current status-quo in Nagorno- Karabakh conflict, the chairperson of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs Ileana Ros-Lehtinen said. Ros-Lehtinen underlined that Azerbaijan`s role is increasing in exploration, development and transportation of energy resources. She welcomed diversification of energy transportation, and stressed that Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline has become a main transportation route which supplies the world with fuel. “It creates opportunity for the country to diversify the energy sources and our allies to avoid some dependence. New routes such as Nabucco will contribute to increase the strategic importance of Azerbaijan”, Ros- Lehtinen stated. Ros-Lehtinen pointed out importance of expansion of economic and trade ties between the countries, and said that the third meeting within the framework of the US-Azerbaijan partnership held in Washington brought new initiatives to civil aviation. The Committee chairperson described Azerbaijan as a `significant` partner of the US in the fight against force and extremism, and highlighted that there is a close cooperation between the US and Azerbaijan not only in the fields of prevention of terrorist attacks, but also proliferation of biological and nuclear weapons. “We are satisfied particularly with the exercises conducted for the security of the Caspian Sea”. Ros-Lehtinen also expressed concern over the incidents occurred in the border areas with Nagorno- Karabakh. “Two Azerbaijani soldiers were killed tragically in the shooting. Use of force remains this prolonged conflict unsettled”, added Ros-Lehtinen.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title From well to welfare: social spending in mineral-rich post-Soviet states Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2m23n81t Author McCullaugh, Marcy Elisabeth Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California From Well to Welfare: Social Spending in Mineral-Rich Post-Soviet States By Marcy Elisabeth McCullaugh A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor M. Steven Fish, Chair Professor Steven Vogel Professor Jason Wittenberg Professor Michael Watts Fall 2013 Copyright 2013 by Marcy Elisabeth McCullaugh All rights reserved. Abstract From Well to Welfare: Social Spending in Mineral-Rich Post-Soviet States By Marcy Elisabeth McCullaugh Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor M. Steven Fish, Chair Why do some autocrats redistribute resource rents through high welfare spending, while others do not? Conventional wisdom suggests that authoritarian leaders unconstrained by institutions and with unlimited access to resource wealth would siphon off these funds for themselves and rent-seeking elites at the expense of delivering goods to citizens. Yet, welfare spending levels among the world’s petroleum-rich authoritarian and hybrid regimes indicate that some rulers are more inclined than others to “share the loot” with the larger citizenry. This dissertation provides a theory of redistributive social spending in mineral-rich authoritarian regimes, using the cases of Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. I analyze health, education and social security spending in each country from 2000-present, leveraging variation across cases as well as within each case over time.
    [Show full text]
  • Market Reform Regimes, Elite Defections, and Political Opposition in the Post-Soviet States: Evidence from Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan
    MARKET REFORM REGIMES, ELITE DEFECTIONS, AND POLITICAL OPPOSITION IN THE POST-SOVIET STATES: EVIDENCE FROM BELARUS, KAZAKHSTAN, AND KYRGYZSTAN Barbara Junisbai Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science, Indiana University December 2009 UMI Number: 3390277 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3390277 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doctoral Committee ____________________________________ Jack Bielasiak, Ph.D. ____________________________________ Regina Smyth, Ph.D. ____________________________________ Henry Hale, Ph.D. ____________________________________ William Fierman, Ph.D. December 1, 2009 ii © 2009 Barbara Junisbai ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii DEDICATION In loving memory of Cecilia Iniguez (1973-2006), who shared girlhood secrets and dreams and knew things about me that I have long since forgotten. I miss you. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like first to express my sincere gratitude to the members of my dissertation committee, who challenged me to find the larger implications of a research agenda that was at first narrowly cast, who with critical and appreciative eyes read through drafts of manuscripts that grew out of my field research, and who encouraged me to apply widely for fellowships and present my work at conferences and workshops.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Newsletter on Kazakhstan | June 2017
    Economic Newsletter on Kazakhstan | June 2017 CONTENTS ANNOUNCEMENT ............................................................................................................. 2 MACRO-ECONOMICS & FINANCE ..................................................................................... 2 ENERGY & NATURAL RESOURCES ..................................................................................... 7 TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATIONS ................................................................................ 10 AGRICULTURE ................................................................................................................. 12 EXHIBITIONS IN KAZAKHSTAN (June-September 2017) ................................................. 14 CONTACTS ...................................................................................................................... 16 The Economic Section of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Kazakhstan intends to distribute this newsletter as widely as possible among Dutch institutions, companies and persons from the Netherlands. The newsletter summarises economic news from various Kazakhstani and foreign publications and aims to provide accurate information. However, the Embassy cannot be held responsible for any mistakes or omissions in the bulletin. ECONOMIC NEWSLETTER, June 2017 Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands ANNOUNCEMENT Seminar and Trade Mission on the Greenhouse Sector in Kazakhstan in the framework of the EXPO-2017, 5-7 September 2017 (Astana and Taldykorgan) The Netherlands
    [Show full text]