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Development in the North Fly and Ningerum-Awin Area Study

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Development in the North Fly and Ningerum-Awin Area Study DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH FLY AND NINGERUM-AWIN AREA STUDY OK-FLY SOCIAL MONITORING PROJECT REPORT No. 6 for Ok Tedi Mining Limited Original publication details: Reprint publication details: John Burton John Burton Pacific Social Mapping Resource Management in Asia-Pacific Program 49 Wentworth Avenue Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies CANBERRA ACT 2604 Australian National University Australia ACT 0200 Australia Unisearch PNG Pty Ltd Box 320 UNIVERSITY NCD Papua New Guinea August 1993 reprinted October 2004 PREFACE Fieldwork for the Development in the North Fly and Ningerum-Awin area study was undertaken for OTML’s Environment Department over a period of five weeks in August/September 1992. This volume is the sixth in a series of reports for the Ok-Fly Social Monitoring Project. Colin Filer’s Baseline documentation. OFSMP Report No. 1 and my own The Ningerum LGC area. OFSMP Report No. 2, appeared in 1991. My Advance report summary for Ningerum-Awin area study. OFSMP Report No. 3 and David King’s Statistical geography of the Fly River Development Trust. OFSMP Report No. 4 were completed earlier in 1993. Appearing concurrently with this volume, Stuart Kirsch’s The Yonggom people of the Ok Tedi and Moian Census Divisions: an area study. OFSMP Report No. 5 extends the coverage of the project south to the Binge River of the ‘border bulge’, a distance of some 145km from the starting point at the lower Ok Tedi bridge, Tabubil. Kirsch’s survey includes all but two of the Yonggom villages on the Papua New Guinea side of the border (the exceptions are on Lake Murray). We overlapped in the field by one week, so I was able to accompany him on visits to villages in his Zone 3. We had the useful opportunity to compare observations in the field together. In this volume, I examine a gap in our previous work: namely what happens to spending and project implementation in the North Fly. I have also been able to continue social mapping tasks in the North and West Awin Census Divisions. This is reported in the form of village- by-village details in Appendix B of this volume. In addition, two map sheets at 1:100,000 scale, issued as The Ok Tedi Impact Area in maps. Map 1: Mt. Fubilan to Konkonda. Map 2: Konkonda to Binge River, accompany this report under separate cover. John Burton Canberra - i - TABLE OF CONTENTS Terms and abbreviations................................................................................................. iv Maps ................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 1 Terms of reference.......................................................................................................... 1 Conception of the report................................................................................................. 3 The Ok Tedi impact area ................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 2 Area study and socio-economic change........................................................ 8 Settlement geography: the background to change.......................................................... 8 New economic opportunities........................................................................................ 14 Rubber .......................................................................................................................... 20 Village business............................................................................................................ 22 Health ........................................................................................................................... 24 Education...................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 3 The funding and administration of development...................................... 31 Is Western Province well-funded? ............................................................................... 32 Provincial funding arrangements.................................................................................. 33 Spending on village level projects................................................................................ 39 Works carried out by local contractors......................................................................... 49 Building construction ................................................................................................... 57 ‘Special’ funding for development: conclusion ........................................................... 57 Chapter 4 Review and proposals .................................................................................. 60 Summary....................................................................................................................... 60 The performance of provincial government................................................................. 62 What needs to be done next.......................................................................................... 64 Appendix A Data tables.................................................................................................. 69 Appendix B Ningerum Local Government Council Wards, September 1992........... 71 Appendix C Gazetteer of Census Units and Council Wards: West And North Awin Census Divisions.................................................................................................... 73 Ward 13. Hiorenkia, HosonaiTV, Awin TamaroTV.................................................... 73 Ward 14. TapkoTV, KwiloknaiTV .............................................................................. 73 Ward 15. Sisimakam: compound village made up of Ketimoknai, Saisu, Aplam ....... 74 Ward 16. Ripnai, Brunai, Mohomnai ........................................................................... 75 Ward 17. Runai, Ihore. ................................................................................................. 75 Ward 18. Kmenai, Hosomrae. ...................................................................................... 76 Ward 20. Tmoknai, Tminhore, Tumsen, Somoikwankia. ............................................ 77 Ward 21. Pampenai, Kranai, Sirigire. .......................................................................... 78 Ward 22. Wanginai, Nonigire, Sutpenai ...................................................................... 79 Ward 23 Menumgrup, Menum, Sonai, Miahore .......................................................... 80 Ward 24 Grehorsore, Ipoknai....................................................................................... 81 - ii - Ward 25. Dande 1 & 2, Holpanai, Senamrae ............................................................... 82 Ward 26. Miamrae (+ Tripianae), KwiapaeTV, BigeTV............................................. 82 Ward 27. Kasrenai, Matkomnai, DemesukeTV ........................................................... 83 Ward 28 YenkenaiTV, MimigireTV, HosokumguTV ................................................. 84 Appendix D Correspondence and written complaints................................................. 86 The Ningerum bridge site............................................................................................. 86 ‘The place change nogut in 1983 and until now 1992’ ................................................ 88 Appendix E Selected Awin origin legends with geographic associations................... 91 The creation of the world ............................................................................................. 91 Wiwe and the names of Aekyom clans ........................................................................ 92 Grupe clan .................................................................................................................... 92 Somoi clan.................................................................................................................... 93 Ihore clan...................................................................................................................... 94 Kwotkoi clan ................................................................................................................ 94 Mepu clan..................................................................................................................... 95 Hore clan ...................................................................................................................... 95 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 97 Project Documentation................................................................................................. 97 Western Province references ........................................................................................ 97 Other references ........................................................................................................... 98 - iii - TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS FRPG Fly River Provincial Government, referring specifically to the political half of ‘the provincial government’. The administrative half is the Department of Western, a public service department. (See footnote on p. 3.) KLM Kiunga-Lake Murray Agreement. Agreement concerning the re- admittance of North Fly to FRPG control signed in 1987. ‘KLM funds’ are a special K1m budget line obtained from
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