Contribution to the Knowledge of the Genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in Southern Far East Russia
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Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 43(1), pp. 1–10, February 22, 2017 Contribution to the Knowledge of the Genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in Southern Far East Russia Yoshihito Ohmura1,*, Irina Skirina2 and Fedor Skirin2 1 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan 2 Pacific Geographical Institute, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Radio street 7, Vladivostok 690041, Russia * E-mail: [email protected] (Received 18 November 2016; accepted 21 December 2016) Abstract Specimens of the lichen genus Usnea from the southern part of Far East Russia were examined. As the result of our modern taxonomic studies, following 19 species were confirmed: Usnea cornuta, U. dasaea, U. dasopoga, U. diffracta, U. diplotypus, U. fragilescens, U. fulvorea- gens, U. glabrata, U. glabrescens, U. intumescens, U. lapponica, U. longissima, U. pangiana, U. praetervisa, U. rubicunda, U. rubrotincta, U. subfloridana, U. trichodeoides and U. wasmuthii, of which U. cornuta, U. dasaea, U. intumescens, U. pangiana, U. praetervisa and U. rubrotincta are new to Russia. Although U. aciculifera, U. articulata, U. barbata, U. bismolliuscula, U. cavernosa and U. mutabilis have been reported from the southern part of Far East Russia, they were not found in our examined specimens, but they were included here in an artificial key to the 25 species recorded for this region. Key words: Eastern Asia, flora, Jewish Autonomous Region, Khabarovsk, lichen, Primorsky, Sakhalin, taxonomy. Ohmura, 2001, 2002, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2014; Introduction Ohmura and Kanda, 2004; Ohmura and The genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) Onimaru, 2010; Clerc, 2011). Therefore, the pur- is characterized by a fruticose thallus with cor- pose of this study is to contribute to our knowl- tex, medulla and a cartilaginous central axis, and edge of the genus Usnea in this region based on the presence of usnic acid in the cortex. It con- herbarium material. sists of c. 350 species which are widely distrib- uted throughout the world from polar to tropical Materials and Methods regions (Kirk et al., 2008; Divakar et al., 2015). In 2015, the first author had an opportunity to This study is based on a total of 110 speci- examine 96 specimens of the genus collected mens, 96 of which were mainly collected by the from the southern part of Far East Russia (Fig. 1) second author between 1959 and 2014 and which were housed in the herbarium of the housed in the Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Pacific Geographical Institute, Vladivostok. East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Although 20 species were listed for this region (abbreviated as PGI in the present paper) and 14 (Urbanavichus, 2010), they have not been specimens housed in the National Museum of revised in the light of modern taxonomic studies Nature and Science, Tsukuba (TNS). conducted in related regions (e.g. Ohmura and Morphological observations were made using Kashiwadani, 2000; Ohmura et al., 2000, 2010; dissecting and light microscopes. Ratio measure- 2 Yoshihito Ohmura et al. Fig. 1. Map showing the area of southern Far East Russia (black-painted). Modified after Urbanavichus (2010). ments of the thicknesses of the cortex, medulla ictic acids; and (3) usnic acid. and axis of branches according to the method of New to Russia. Clerc (1984), and lichen substances were deter- Specimens examined. RUSSIA. Primorsky mined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) Krai: Terneiskiy District, upper part of Bol’shaya according to Culberson and Johnson (1982). Sol- Ussurka River, north side of the valley, fir-spruce vent B system (hexane : methyl tert.-butyl ether : forest, on Abies nephrolepis, 1981, I. F. Skirina formic acid, 140 : 72 : 18) was used for all TLC 19147 (PGI); Chuguevskiy District, Golets analyses. Morphological terminology follows mountain, fir-spruce forest, (1300 m elev.), on that of Ohmura (2001). Abies nephrolepis, Betula lanata, and Picea aja- nensis, 10 July 1991, I. F. Skirina 13464 (PGI); Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve, right side of Results and Discussion Kedrovaya River, near the upper part of water- The 19 species listed below were confirmed by shed, 652 m elev., black fir forest, on Tilia amu- the results of a taxonomic study based on 110 rensis, 11 July 1999, collector unknown 5455 examined specimens. (PGI). 1. U. cornuta Körb. 2. U. dasaea Stirt. For a detailed description and synonyms, see For detailed descriptions and synonyms, see Clerc (2011). Clerc (2011) and Ohmura (2001). Chemistry. Three chemotypes were detected in Chemistry. All examined specimens contain the examined specimens: (1) usnic, norstictic, usnic, norstictic, protocetraric (trace) and sala- protocetraric (trace), and salazinic acids; (2) zinic acids. usnic, norstictic, menegazziaic, stictic, and const- New to Russia. Usnea in Southern Far East Russia 3 Specimens examined. RUSSIA. Primorsky Quercus mongolica, 22 Sept. 2004, I. F. Skirina Krai: Terneiskiy District, Krivoy creek, pine for- 16542 (PGI); Bastak Nature Reserve, valley of est, on Pinus koraiensis, 30 June 1977, I. F. Ski- Kirga River, pine-broadleaved forest, on Abies rina 14649 (PGI); Chuguevskiy District, Upper sp., 2003, I. F. Skirina 34211 (PGI); Bastak Ussurian Stationary, test area no. 12, pine forest, Nature Reserve, right confluence of Bolshoy on Pinus koraiensis, 11 Aug. 1976, V. A. Efimova Sorennak River, near road, swamp with larch, on & I. F. Skirina 14672 (PGI); Dalnegorskiy Dis- Rhododendron davurica, 13 Aug. 2002, I. F. Ski- trict, Medvezh’ya mountain, N slope, fir-spruce rina & V. I. Skirin 14640 (PGI). forest, on deadwood of Picea ajanensis, 28 July 1982, I. F. Skirina 14667 (PGI); Dalnegorskiy 3. U. dasopoga (Ach.) Nyl. District, upper part of Krivaya River, fir-spruce For a detailed description and synonyms, see forest, on Pinus koraiensis, 1 Aug. 1992, I. F. Clerc (2011). Skirina 9707 (PGI); Krasnoarmeiskiy District, Chemistry. All examined specimens contain Serokamenka River, fir-spruce forest, on dead- usnic and salazinic acids. wood, 1980, I. F. Skirina 14808 (PGI); Lazovs- Specimens examined. RUSSIA. Khabarovsk kiy District, Lazovskiy Pass, Suchanskiy creek, Krai: Miao-Chan ridge, 10 km N of Gorniy vil- N side of valley, fir-spruce forest, on Abies lage, left side of Amur River, fir forest, on Picea nephrolepis, Picea ajanensis, Betula lanata and sp. 1983, P. V. Elpatyevskiy s.n. (PGI). Sakhalin Acer barbinerva, April 1985, I. F. Skirina 19139 Oblast: Timovskiy District, Pilinga River valley, (PGI); Michailovskiy District, Ivanovskiy for- fir-spruce forest, on Abies sachalinensis, 17 July estry, fir-spruce forest, on Abies nephrolepis and 2014, I. F. Skirina s.n. (PGI, TNS). Picea ajanensis, 1994, I. F. Skirina 30495 (PGI); Terneyskiy District, Zacharovskiy creek, fir- 4. U. diffracta Vain. spruce forest, on Abies nephrolepis, 10 Oct. For a detailed description and synonyms, see 1976, I. F. Skirina 14913 (PGI); Terneiskiy Dis- Ohmura (2001). trict, Sichote-Alinskiy Nature Reserve, plot of Chemistry. All specimens examined contain land Blagodatnoe, oak forest, on Quercus mon- usnic, barbatic, diffractaic, baeomycesic (trace) golica, 13 July 1977, I. F. Skirina 14241 (PGI); and squamatic acids. Shkotovskiy District, near Shkotovo village, Specimens examined. RUSSIA. Sakhalin pine-broadleaved forest, on Pinus koraiensis, Oblast: Mt. Suzuya, 19 July 1932, Y. Asahina s.n. 1976, collector unknown (PGI); Sichote-Alinskiy (TNS); Toyohara, 12 Aug. 1920, A. Yasuda s.n. Nature Reserve, Krivoy creek, pine forest, on (TNS); Sakaehama, 21 July 1932, Y. Asahina s.n. Pinus koraiensis, 30 June 1977, I. F. Skirina (TNS); Takinosawa, 31 July 1932, Y. Asahina 14630 (PGI); Sichote-Alinskiy Nature Reserve, s.n. (TNS); Mt. Tosso, 24 July 1932, M. Sato s.n. Tayozjnaya River, fir-spruce forest, on Picea aja- (TNS); Tinnai, 14 Aug. 1933, M. Sato s.n. nensis and Abies nephrolepis, 21 July 1980, I. F. (TNS); Toyohara, 12 Aug. 1920, M. Sato s.n. Skirina 28772 (PGI). Jewish Autonomous (TNS). Region: Bastak Nature Reserve, Kirga River val- ley, near the Polkovnikova apiary, fir-spruce for- 5. U. diplotypus Vain. est, on Pinus koraiensis, 7 Aug. 2002, I. F. Ski- For a detailed description, see Halonen et al. rina & V. I. Skirin 14635 (PGI); Bastak Nature (1999). Reserve, Kirga River valley, near the Chemistry. All specimens examined contain Polkovnikova apiary, fir-spruce forest, on Picea usnic and salazinic acids. ajanensis, 7 Aug. 2002, I. F. Skirina & V. I. Ski- Specimens examined. RUSSIA. Primorsky rin 18946 (PGI); Bastak Nature Reserve, quarter Krai: Partizanskiy District, Olhovaya mountain, 140, hill near bee-yard, oak forest, tree no. 3, on 540 m elev., fir-spruce forest, on Picea ajanensis 4 Yoshihito Ohmura et al. and Abies nephrolepis, 2010, I. F. Skirina 29423 District, Pilinga River valley, fir-spruce forest, on (PGI). Sakhalin Oblast: Timovskiy District, Pil- Abies nephrolepis, 18 July 2014, I. F. Skirina s.n. inga River valley, fir-spruce forest, on Abies (PGI). sachalinensis, 18 July 2014, I. F. Skirina s.n. (PGI). 8. U. glabrata (Ach.) Vain. For detailed descriptions, see Ohmura (2001) 6. U. fragilescens Hav. ex Lynge and Clerc (2011). For a detailed description and synonyms, see Chemistry. Two chemotypes were detected in Ohmura (2001). the examined specimens: (1) usnic and salazinic Chemistry. Two chemotypes were detected in acids; and (2) usnic, barbatic, 4-O-demethylbar- the examined specimens: (1) usnic, norstictic, batic (trace), ± norstictic and ± protocetraric salazinic and ± protocetraric (trace) acids; and (trace) acids. (2) usnic, norstictic and stictic (trace) acids. Specimens examined. RUSSIA. Primorsky Specimens examined. RUSSIA. Primorsky Krai: Dalnegorskiy District, Eldorado mountain Krai: Chuguevskiy District, valley of Ussury (1300 m elev.), fir-spruce forest, on deadwood of River, Berezoviy Pass, Berezoviy creek, fir- Picea ajanensis, 1982, I. F. Skirina 14323 (PGI); spruce forest, on Abies nephrolepis and Picea Terneiskiy District, Dal’niy mountain ridge, fir- ajanensis, 20 Dec. 2001, F. V. Skirin s.n. (PGI); spruce forest, on Abies nephrolepis, 22 June Dalnegorskiy District, headwater of Krivaya 1977, I.