Quarterly Report

LANDSCAPE SCALE COMMUNITY CENTERED ECOSYSTEM CONSERVATION IN WESTERN TANZANIA

Quarterly Report

October to December, 2016

Children participating in a tree planting campaign in Magaraganza village Submission Date: JANUARY 31ST, 2017

Contract/Agreement Number: AID- 621-A-00-10-00009-00

Activity Start Date and End Date: JANUARY 1, 2010 TO MARCH 31, 2018

COR/AOR Name: Kristi Schober

Submitted by: Emmanuel Mtiti, Chief of Party

the Jane Goodall Institute

Tel: (255) 28 2804446/7

Mob: (+255) 713 492172 & 0754 329920 July 2008 1 Email: [email protected]

This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for

Table of Contents

1. Activity Overview/Summary ...... 4 1.1 Executive Summary ...... 5 1.2 Summary of Results to Date ...... 8 1.3 Evaluation/assessment status and/or plans ...... 12

2. ACTIVITY IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS ...... 13 2.1 Progress Narrative ...... 13 2.2 Implementation Status and Planned Activities ...... 13 2.2.1 Intermediate Result 1: Village Land Use Plans (VLUPs) in targeted Villages Developed and Implemented ...... 13 2.2.1.1. Operationalize existing and new VLUP ...... 13 2.2.1.2. Facilitate Development of VLUP and DLUP ...... 13 2.2.1.3. Comprehensive Land Use Plans ...... 14 2.2.2 Intermediate Result 2: Forest Connectivity achieved and maintained through Community Based Forest Management ...... 14 2.2.2.1. Facilitate establishment of Joint Forest Management Plans for General land. 14 2.2.2.2. Facilitate establishment of CBFM/PFM for Village Forest Reserves ...... 15 2.2.2.3. Promote Good Governance ...... 16 2.2.3 Intermediate Result: Strategies to abate Major drivers of deforestation are developed and implemented ...... 16 2.2.3.1: Support Community tree planting in program villages ...... 16 2.2.3.2: Energy Efficient Measures Implemented ...... 17 2.2.4 Intermediate Result 4: Capacity of communities to Manage and control forest fire increased ...... 17 2.2.4.1. Provide training equipment and materials to community patrol team ...... 17 2.2.4.2. Develop and Implement fire management plans and command chain ...... 17 2.2.4.3. Facilitate construction of fire lines and fire breaks ...... 17 2.2.4.4. Management of Kitwe Forest Reserve ...... 18 2.2.5 Intermediate Result 5: Capacity of District authorities and Communities to monitor Illegal extraction of Natural resource in conservation area enhanced/increased ...... 18 2.2.5.1. Conduct Joint District Patrols ...... 18 2.2.5.2. Support Implementation of Community Patrols ...... 19 2.2.5.3. Support Forest Monitors ...... 19 2.2.5.4. Applying new Technologies to Support decision making on natural resources20 2.2.5.5. Testing new tools to Monitor Vegetation and Quantify Forest Regeneration20

2.2.6 Intermediate Result 6: Environmentally Friendly Agricultural Practices and their benefits promoted ...... 22 2.2.6.1. Support Agro-forestry farming in project villages ...... 22 2.2.6.2. Promote Horticulture in Mpanda and Nsimbo – Katavi region ...... 22 2.2.7 Intermediate Result 7: Increase Income from Environmentally Friendly enterprises in project Areas ...... 22 2.2.7.1. Facilitate Formation of SACCOS ...... 22 2.2.7.2. Improve Coffee Value Chain and Support Marketing ...... 22 2.2.7.3. Improve Honey Production and Value Chain ...... 23 2.2.7.4. Promote Eco-tourism Activities in Program villages ...... 23

3. INTEGRATION OF CROSSCUTTING ISSUES and USAID FORWARD PRIORITIES ...... 23 3.1 Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ...... 23 3.2 Youth Engagement ...... 24 3.2.1 Environmental Education ...... 24 3.2.2 Youth Training at Kitwe Forest Reserve ...... 24 3.2.3 Biodiversity Conservation Teacher’s Handbook Printing and distribution ...... 25 3.2.4 Billboard Survey ...... 25 3.3 Local Capacity Development ...... 26 3.4 Integration and Collaboration ...... 26 3.5 Sustainability ...... 26 3.6 Environmental Compliance ...... 26 3.7 Global Climate Change ...... 26 3.8 Policy and Governance Support ...... 28 3.9 Private Sector Engagement, Public Private Partnerships (PPP), and Global Development Alliance (GDA) Collaboration ...... 28 3.10 Science, Technology, and Innovation ...... 28

4. STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION AND INVOLVEMENT ...... 28 4.1 GGMKE Coordination Meeting on PFM ...... 28

5. MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES ...... 29

6. Monitoring, evaluation and LEARNing ...... 29

7. SPECIAL events FOR NEXT QUARTER ...... 30

8. How IMPLEMENTING PARTNER has addressed A/COR comments from the last quarterly OR Semi-annual report ...... 30

9. Financial summary ...... 31

ANNEXES ...... 33

1. ACTIVITY OVERVIEW/SUMMARY

Landscape Scale Community Centered Ecosystem Activity Name: Conservation in Western Tanzania

January 1, 2010 Activity Start Date:

Activity End Date: March 31, 2018

Name of Prime Implementing Partner: the Jane Goodall Institute

AID-621-A-00-10-00009-00 [Contract/Agreement] Number:

NA Name of Subcontractors/Sub awardees:

Major Counterpart Organizations Kigoma, Uvinza, Mpanda and Nsimbo Districts Councils

Communities in 52 villages within Kigoma, Uvinza Mpanda Geographic Coverage and Nsimbo district councils in Kigoma and Katavi regions (Districts, Regions and or Zanzibar)

October - December, 2016 Reporting Period:

1.1 Executive Summary

1.1.1 Program Description The Gombe Masito Ugalla landscape covers 1,510,500 ha of which about 758,800 ha (50%) of its total area is covered by forest and miombo woodlands. The landscape encompasses a number of existing protected areas including Gombe National Park, Tongwe East Forest Reserve, and a number of village, district, and national forest reserves which combined make up over 220,000 ha of nominally protected forest and miombo woodland. Immediately to the south of the Masito-Ugalla Ecosystem (MUE) lies a portion of the Greater Mahale Ecosystem, bordered by Mahale Mountains National Park and Katavi National Park, an area of over 10,000,000 ha that harbors important chimpanzee and elephant populations, and other endangered wildlife. The region is threatened by forest loss due to unchecked development of settlements and agriculture expansion, which is potentiated by rapid population growth, uncontrolled logging, and unsustainable land use practices. The area is among the poorest regions in the country.

The goal of the program is to conserve biodiversity, and to protect and restore wildlife habitat in critical ecosystems in western Tanzania. Specifically the program aims to achieve the following intermediate results:

1. Expanded area under improved natural resource management 2. Increased incomes and benefits from sustainable use of natural resources

Geographically the GMU program is implemented in four districts of Kigoma and Uvinza, within the Kigoma region, as well as Mpanda and Nsimbo in Katavi region (see map below). Both regions of the Western Tanzania represents critical ecosystems that harbor endangered wildlife species including chimpanzees, elephants and other wildlife.

1.1.2 Program Performance this Quarter This report provides highlights on the implementation of the Landscape Scale Community Centered Ecosystem Conservation Program in Western Tanzania for the first quarter of its eighth year of program operation. The program focuses on community engagement and participation in natural resource management and livelihood improvement in 52 target villages (now subdivided into 72 villages) and general land that lies between the two regions. The program utilizes land use planning, community-based forest management, community economic empowerment, sustainable farming, and good governance to achieve sustainable natural resources management in this landscape.

Sensitization meetings to support the establishment of the Masito Local Authority Forest Reserve took place in 10 new villages (subdivided from parent villages). This is important so as to ensure involvement of all impacted communities in the process to establish the proposed Masito LAFR. All target villages prepared meeting minutes that expressed their involvement and satisfaction in the establishment of the forest reserve. The formalization and endorsement will take place next quarter at the ward, district and regional levels, prior to presentation to the Ministry.

The District Full Council approved the establishment of the Nkondwe eco-tourism site, which lies within the investment zone that borders the proposed Tongwe West Forest Reserve. This approval

5 paves the way for the formalization of the establishment of the Tongwe West Forest Reserve. As a follow-up to this decision by the Full Council, the program started sensitizing communities in Vikonge village on this decision. The program is also having discussions on the identification of a tourism company that can conduct a study and share ideas on the development of tourism in Tongwe.

Implementation of the District Land Use Framework plan resumed this quarter with meetings held between the new zonal officer for Tabora and the former zonal officer, whom we have contracted to continue leading this process, while mentoring the new zonal officer. Budgets and logistic arrangements for fully implementing the process by March 31, 2017 were finalized. Once the DLUF process is finalized, it will contribute about 124,000 ha of area under improved management.

In order to fast track the development and implementation of Participatory Forestry Management activities, which are behind schedule due to continued district staff unavailability to implement the CBFM process, the project facilitated capacity building and training for the establishment of eight teams (two per district) to facilitate this process. As a direct result of this, 15 villages have now been sensitized and educated on CBFM, and the steps in establishing them.

The program facilitated two joint district patrols by Mpanda District Council. The patrols were conducted around Tongwe West and Mpanda North Forest Reserves, water catchment areas and around the western wildlife corridor area. The team confiscated tools used in illegal timber harvesting and sawn timber worth Tshs 36,900,000 ($15,283), to be auctioned at the Mpanda District Council compound. The revenue generated will be shared between the district council and the villages. The districts want to utilize part of their revenues in supporting joint forest patrols so as to sustain them in the future. Mpanda District Council contributed 25% of the joint district patrol costs this quarter. Eleven villages also conducted forest patrols in village forest reserves, and confiscated timber and charcoal worth Tshs 15,142,048/= ($7,100).

The program conducted supportive supervision visits to 26 micro-credit groups, which reported 50 (15 males, 35 females) new members over the quarter whose economic benefits will impact 300 people from their families. Other economic activities documented over the quarter include woodlot planting by 32 farmers, coffee farming by 16 farmers and 224 people engaged in beekeeping. The total people with economic benefits over the quarter are 1,932 people (1,302 males, 630 females).

There was a total of 4,904 students (2,741 males, 2,163 females) from 159 schools (130 secondary schools, 29 Primary schools) in Kigoma, Uvinza and Mpanda district councils who participated in environmental conservation and sanitation activities. The main activities included installation of Tip Taps in Kalinzi Secondary School, establishment of tree nurseries, and environmental education.

Throughout implementation, the program made a concerted effort to increase the participation of women and girls, achieving 75% women participation rate. The rate was higher this quarter (compared to 49.2% last quarter) due to an increase in the number of women engaged in income generating activities such as palm oil making, soap making and selling tree seedlings.

An Inter-District Oversight Committee was formed after discussions with the program to request their direct influence and close follow-up of jointly implemented activities, especially the District Land Use Framework process, establishment of district forest reserves and participatory forest management. This committee will involve DCs, DEDs, DLNROs and District Security Officers from

Kigoma, Uvinza, Mpanda and Nsimbo districts who will provide managerial support and enforcement to the district teams.

1.2 Summary of Results to Date

Indicators FY 17 Annual Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Achievements Percent LOP Target LOP LOP Target FY17 FY17 FY17 FY17 FY 17 Achieved Achievements Percent FY17 (%) to Date Achieved (%) 4.8.1-1 136,000 0 0 0% 886,050.65 822,739.6 93% Number of hectares of biological significance and or natural resources showing improved biophysical conditions as a result of USG assistance (standard) 4.8.1-26 0 0 0 0% 886,050.65 754,336.2 85% Number of hectares in areas of biological significance under improved management as a result of USG assistance (standard) 4.8.1-29 T:39,396 T:42,480 T:42,480 108% 230,004 196,479 86% Number of person hours of training in M:30,200 M:24,112 M:24,112 Natural resource management and/or F:9,196 F:18,368 F:18,368 biodiversity conservation supported by USG assistance (Standard) 4.8.1-6 T:3,500 T:1,932 T:1,932 56% 129,914 173,534 134% Number of people with increased M:1,850 M:1,302 M:1,302 economic benefits derived from F:1,650 F:630 F:630 sustainable natural resources management and conservation as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex) (standard) 4.8.2-26 2,710 5,048 5,048 187% 11,389 10,401 92% Number of stakeholders with increased capacity to adapt to impacts of climate variability and change as a result of USG assistance (standard)

Indicators FY 17 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Achievements Percent LOP Target LOP LOP Annual FY17 FY17 FY17 FY17 FY 17 Achieved Achievements Percent Target FY17 (%) to Date Achieved (%) GNDR-2 25% 33% 33% 132% 35% 36.% 198% Percentage of females participants in USG-assisted programs designed to increase access to productive economic resources (Assets, Income or Employment) (standard) Number of people receiving USG T:1,166 T:5,181 T:5,181 445% 12,760 13,857 109% supported training in Natural Resources M:825 M:2,933 M:2,933 management and or Biodiversity F:341 F:2,248 F:2,248 conservation (disaggregated by sex) (standard) Number of households implementing 1,000 669 669 67% 9,000 12,904 144% energy efficient measures as a result of USG assistance (standard) Number of climate vulnerability 1 0 0 0 5 6 120% assessments conducted as a result of USG assistance(standard) 4.8.2-14 0 11 11 71 65 92% Number of institutions with improved capacity to address climate change issues as a result of USG assistance (standard) 4.8.2-28 8 0 0 0 168 188 112% Number of laws, policies, strategies, plans, agreements or regulations addressing climate change (mitigation or adaptation) and or biodiversity conservation officially proposed, adopted or implemented as a result of USG assistance (standard)

Indicators FY 17 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Achievements Percent LOP Target LOP LOP

Annual FY17 FY17 FY17 FY17 FY 17 Achieved Achievements Percent Target FY17 (%) to Date Achieved (%) Number of chimpanzees in GMU 700 0 0 0 700 NA NA landscape (custom) GONAPA: 100 – 104 MUE: 600 – 900 Zashe: 20 – 24 Kwitanga: 15 - 32. Number of districts with district land use 0 0 0 2 0 0% framework plans (DLUF) (custom) Number of new village land use plans 0 0 0 0 2 2 100% (VLUP) developed (custom)

Number of villages implementing Land 52 52 52 100% 52 52 100% Use plans (VLUPs) (custom) Number of villages with comprehensive 0 0 0 0% 4 4 100% LUP (custom)

Number of identified LU villages 0 0 6 6 100% incorporated into analysis of climate change impacts (custom) Number of operating Participatory Forest Management Plans Developed (PFMP’s) 0 0 0 0% 38 7 18% (custom) Number of CBO’s managing 6 6 6 100% 6 6 100% interconnected forests (custom) Number of targeted households with 0 0 0 0% 800 463 58% Pure woodlots (custom) Number of villages actively implementing fire management plans (custom) 0 0 0 0% 46 52 113%

Indicators FY 17 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Achievements Percent LOP Target LOP LOP

Annual FY17 FY17 FY17 FY17 FY 17 Achieved Achievements Percent Target FY17 (%) to Date Achieved (%) % Reduction of forest fire in targeted 50% 0 0 0% 40% 0 0% villages (custom) Number of Conservation Action Plan 0 0 0 0% 4 4 100% review done (custom) Number of forest patrols conducted by 2 2 2 100% 8 9 113% district patrol teams (custom) Number of villages conducting regular 52 52 52 100% forest patrols (custom) Number of active Forest Monitors/Scouts 70 59 59 84% 70 59 84% (custom) T1,000 T: 4,904 Number of students involved in NRM M 500 M: 2,745 4,904 491% 8,566 15,660 183% activities (R&S) (custom) F 500 F: 2,159 T 5,000 T: 4,908 Number of people reached with M M: 2,749 environmental education and awareness 3,000 4,908 99% 104,000 27,552 27% messaging (custom) F: 2,159 F 2,000 Number of households adopting 0 200 140 70% sustainable farming practices (custom) Number of villages with operating active community-based microfinance 6 0 0 0 30 31 104% associations supported by GMU program (custom) % of women actively participating in conservation and livelihood activities 52.5% 43% 43% 82% (custom)

Notes: The annual performance achieved at the end of the reporting period depicts level of achievement expressed as a percentage of annual targets versus cumulative total. 1. The performance of indicator 4.8.1-26 Number of hectares in areas of biological significance under improved management as a result of USG assistance, remained at 3.5% because the implementation of DLUF process was just being after delays due to lack of staff at the zonal land use planning office. We anticipate this activity to be fully implemented in the coming quarter. 2. The performance of two training indicators 4.8.1-29 Number of person hours of training in Natural resource management and/biodiversity conservation supported by USG assistance and Number of people receiving USG supported training in Natural Resource management and/or biodiversity conservation (disaggregated by sex) is at 108% and 445% respectively due to increase number of students involved in environmental education training this quarter. We still have other training sessions that will also contribute to this indicator, some of which were rescheduled to next quarter such as village natural resource management committee, village government members, judicial personnel on forest laws. 3. The performance of indicator 4.8.2-26 Number of stakeholders with increased capacity to adapt to impacts of climate variability and change as a result of USG assistance, stands at 187% because this activity was incorporated into the training of village government leaders on forest laws and climate change adaptation strategies. 1.3 Evaluation/assessment status and/or plans

Status Assessment Type Planned for (date)

GMU Program Mid-term January -March 2017 Recruitment and selection of a consulting company to conduct the assessment took place between Assessment Octobers– December 2016. We had to re-advertise the tender because we received only one applicant in response to our initial advertisement. Upon re-advertising, we received 12 applications. The applications were screened, ranked, interviewed and selected. It was noted that all applicants presented a higher budget than the available funds budgeted for this work. The program intends to negotiate with the winner to see if the scope of the work can be reviewed as well as the cost estimate. The mid-term assessment will be undertaken between January - March 2017. An inception meeting is scheduled for January 25, 2017. Micro finance January – March 2017 A consultant was contracted in December to look into the performance of SACCO's and the impact groups/association assessment of TWITUNGE in helping individual SACCO's grow and identify ways to enhance performance and savings within the groups. The contractor will review secondary data i.e. reports, previous assessments and program documents.

Internal DQA February 2017 Will be conducted by the GMU Monitoring & Evaluation Officer

2. ACTIVITY IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS

2.1 Progress Narrative

2.2 Implementation Status and Planned Activities

2.2.1 Intermediate Result 1: Village Land Use Plans (VLUPs) in targeted Villages Developed and Implemented

2.2.1.1. Operationalize existing and new VLUP

The program supported VLUM teams at Katambike, Kasisi and Mnyamasi villages to install 56 beacons along the boundaries of their respective village land use plans. The remaining 84 beacons will be installed around water sources next quarter. The beacon installation supports implementation of land use plans so that villagers are aware of boundaries and land uses that are prohibited by by-laws. This reduces boundary disputes and enables the VLUM team to apprehend trespassers.

As part of land use operationalization, the program conducted refresher training on land use implementation to 73 participants (56 males, 17 females). The training participants included VLUM teams, Village Executive Officers, Village Chairpersons, FMs, influential people, beekeeper representatives, village government members and fire crew members on land categories, management of village land, land use plans and natural resources and their importance. During training, 72% of participants’ newly elected leaders were not aware of implementation of land use, especially by-laws that guide land use. This was discovered during pre-testing of the knowledge of participants. The two manuals that were used as reference materials and guide for the training were Muhtasari wa Sheria za Ardhi na Maliasili Tanzania, 2004 and Kiongozi cha Mwanakijiji, 2000. The aim of the training was to enhance community understanding on land laws and how they can be applied in managing land use plans. At the end of the training participants were able to explain the importance of land use plan.

The program will continue to support villages in implementing land use plan prioritizing villages with comprehensive land use plans i.e. Vikonge, Katete and Mgaraganza villages. 2.2.1.2. Facilitate Development of VLUP and DLUP The program is waiting for authorization from Mpanda District Authority (now Tanganyika District) to conduct a review of the Bugwe VLUP, which is still outstanding. The government has recommended that this exercise is conducted once the EIA report from the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) study on Katuma River is approved and recommendations shared. Preliminary findings indicate that the reduction in upstream water flow from Bugwe village, and the diversion of water flow downstream for irrigation, has massively reduced the Katuma River flow into the Katavi National Park and Lake Katavi. The river also known as Hippo River originates from the hills around Bugwe village. The impacts on the river flow are from human activities taking place within the watershed including forest clearing, farming, livestock keeping and rice farming. Experience in recent years has shown gradual reduction in water flowing into the lake, leading to increasing deaths of hippos and ultimately negatively impacting their populations. See photo hippo death at annex 6.

The program continued to contact the NLUPC to strategize on finalizing district land use plan framework process. Initial meetings were held between the new zonal officer for Tabora and the former zonal officer whom we have contracted to continue leading this process while mentoring the new zonal officer. During the meetings budgets and logistic arrangements for fully implementing the process by March 31, 2016 were finalized. Upon completion, both DLUF plans are expected to contribute about 124,000 ha to be put under improved natural resource management. 2.2.1.3. Comprehensive Land Use Plans The program in collaboration with district councils of Uvinza, Kigoma, Mpanda and Nsimbo conducted sensitization meetings in four villages (Vikonge, Mgaraganza, Majalila, and Katete) selected to be demonstration villages revealing how six stages of land use planning can be implemented. The program used a comprehensive land use guideline1 which was approved this quarter, to support district PLUM teams in conducting awareness raising meetings that introduced participants to various land laws, laws governing management and utilization of natural resources, land tenure especially CCROs and climate change impact, and the promotion of environmentally friendly IGAs such as beekeeping and mushroom collection. Additionally, it was also an opportunity of getting community concerns on issues affecting land use implementation and provide recommendations for improving the implementation. Among the challenges raised by the teams include poor collaboration between VLUM teams and village government leaders, poor collaboration between PLUM teams and VLUM teams, inadequate support offered by district in fostering land use plan implementation and trespassers on various land uses.

Villages were represented to the discussions as follows; Mgaraganza: 21people (18 males, 3 females), Katete: 35 people (22 males, 13 females), Vikonge: 15 community representatives (11 males, 4 females) and Mnyamasi: 13 representatives (12 males, 1 female).

Finally, the PLUM team facilitated the development of an action plan for each village for implementing issues raised during the awareness meeting. This action plan will be presented to village assemblies for agreement, followed by development of sectoral plans for each land use as identified by land use plans. 2.2.2 Intermediate Result 2: Forest Connectivity achieved and maintained through Community Based Forest Management

2.2.2.1. Facilitate establishment of Joint Forest Management Plans for General land Activities to support the establishment of the Masito Local Authority Forest Reserve took place following the steps generated last quarter to move this process forward. As part of the agreement, the program conducted sensitization meetings in 10 new villages (subdivided from parent villages) so as to involve all impacted communities in the process to establish the proposed Masito LAFR. The ten new villages include Kajeje, Mpeta, Luchugi, Mazungwe, Sambara, Rulinga, Msihezi, Kahwibii, Kangwena and Kanyangili.

1 https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4Rr58emPirmR1MzY0k2QXNZNG8/view?usp=sharing

Village governments in 12 villages (part of our initial target of 52 villages) neighboring the proposed Masito LAFRs, signed agreement forms and minutes of the meetings that support the establishment of the Masito LAFR, except Songambele village which did not agree to the process due to a long standing boundary dispute. The district team is working to resolve the boundary dispute in Songambele village. The eleven old villages that signed the agreements include Uvinza, Chakulu, Malagarasi, Mwamila, Kazuramimba, Ilagara, Kirando, Karago, Sunuka, Lyabusende and Sigunga.

In the next quarter the program in collaboration with Uvinza district councils will support formalization and endorsement processes at Ward level to Ward Development Committee (WDC), District Coordination Committee (DCC) and Regional Coordination Committee before the final request for LAFR gazettement is presented to the ministry.

2.2.2.2. Facilitate establishment of CBFM/PFM for Village Forest Reserves

CBFM activities support conservation and sustainable utilization of community forests and natural resources such as water sources and land. In order to fast track the development and implementation of Participatory Forestry Management activities, which are behind schedule due to continued district staff unavailability to implement the CBFM process, the project facilitated capacity building and training for the establishment of eight teams (two per district) to support this process. As a direct result of this, 15 villages have now been sensitized and educated on CBFM and the steps in establishing them. The district and JGI have both benefited from having more individuals with the capacity to conduct this process. The teams will be initiating CBFM process in two or three villages concurrently to make sure that the program achieves its target.

Approval of by-laws for Vikonge CBFM process could not be completed as district PFM facilitation team had to be involved in district forest patrol, and thus had less time for completion of the by-laws. The process will be carried out in January 2017. Upon completion of the process it will contribute to increased number of by-laws, guidelines and strategies in managing natural resources.

The construction of office for JUMMATU A located in Vikonge village has been completed and will handed over to the CBO during the next quarter. Already some meetings were held in their new office. See photo at Annex 6.

Conservation CBOs especially TUMAKATA, JUWAMA and JUMMATU A conducted their annual meetings. The CBOs discussed several agenda items including the following: splitting of TUMMAKAT into two CBOS, change of JUWWAMA status from a company to a CBO, need to purchase more motorcycles for CBOs to improve their communication following 35% contribution of two CBOs and establishment of checkpoints and orientation of CBO members on legal documents.

In enhancing the capacity of communities in managing natural resources the CBOs have been assisting member villages to manage the interconnected village forest reserves through regular patrols, and stopping and reporting illegal activities by engaging the district authorities.

2.2.2.3. Promote Good Governance The program collaborated with district champions/ToTs on natural resource governance to assess emerging governance issues related to the management of natural resources in the villages. The team assessed 26 villages on transparency, community participation, accountability and rule of law as attributes of good governance. The results showed that the average score for all four attributes is below 50%, although 9 villages out of 26 showed a higher score i.e. ≥50% on transparency and community participation. On the accountability and rule of laws all villages have very low scores i.e. <50%. Refer to Annex 1 for more details. Promoting good governance in the villages builds capacity of local communities in the management their natural resources and ensures that the benefits are felt by the community.

Therefore close follow up by the district team and ToT's the program is ongoing to discuss and address obstacles leading to the low performance on accountability and rule of law. As a way of motivation, the program will be awarding the best performing villages in various aspects of governance. This will encourage villages lagging behind to improve.

2.2.3 Intermediate Result: Strategies to abate Major drivers of deforestation are developed and implemented

2.2.3.1: Support Community tree planting in program villages The program supported distribution of seedlings for planting from mid-November 2016. Visiting USAID/NRM team inaugurated tree planting at Mgaraganza village during their field visit to the program in November 2016.

USAID Visitors visiting the tree nursery in Children in Mgaraganza village Mgaraganza village in Kigoma participating in a tree planting campaign Please refer to Annex 6 for additional photos.

A total of 129,400 (63%) out of 206,000 seedlings raised were distributed and planted by 32 farmers in 17 villages including Matendo, Kaseke, Mwakizega, Nyamori, Kagunga, Kiziba, Mwamgongo, Ilagala, Kalinzi, Matyazo, Mkigo, Mkongolo, Pamila, Bitale, Magaraganza, Kagongo and Chankabwimba villages. The activity is challenged by unreliable and irregular rains in some villages in the landscape.Tree planting serves as strategy in abating deforestation in respective villages.

The program facilitated the establishment of one tree nursery at Bubango village which brings to a total of 20 tree nurseries, out of a program target of 25 tree nurseries to be established. The nursery has 3,610 seedlings in polythene tubes of various tree species including Gmelina arborea, Senna siamea, Gricidia sepium etc. 2.2.3.2: Energy Efficient Measures Implemented The program supported construction of fuel efficient stoves in 669 households in 15 villages that include Ilagala, Mwakizega, Karago, Sunuka, Kirando, Sigunga, Songambele, Katambike, Majalila, Vikonge, Mnyamasi, Kasisi, Mwamila, Kasuku and Mwamgongo. Refer to Annex 2 for more information. The stoves uses less firewood compared to the traditional three stone stove which loses more heat, and therefore needs much more firewood to cook food. By adopting and using the fuel efficient stoves, the women need less firewood to cook which leads to fewer trees being cut. 2.2.4 Intermediate Result 4: Capacity of communities to Manage and control forest fire increased

2.2.4.1. Provide training equipment and materials to community patrol team

No equipment provided this quarter. 2.2.4.2. Develop and Implement fire management plans and command chain

No activities are planned and implemented during the rainy season.

2.2.4.3. Facilitate construction of fire lines and fire breaks As above, no activities implemented because it is the rainy season.

2.2.4.4. Management of Kitwe Forest Reserve The activity continued to manage Kitwe Forest, as a “live demonstration” on the recovery of degraded miombo woodland, and supports training on agro-forestry and forest fire management. The forest also provides training grounds for JGI’s “Roots and Shoots” club members and as a recreation site. The forest is mainly composed of diverse tree species of open miombo woodlands that stretches along the shore of Lake Tanganyika. This quarter, regular forest patrols were conducted in Kitwe Forest Reserve and areas bordering the forest to reduce illegal activities that could affect the health of the forest. This quarter the forest remained intact without encroachment or destruction. A number of wildlife like rabbits, zebra, colobus monkey and bush buck were spotted in the forest and various bird species favored by good habitat.

2.2.5 Intermediate Result 5: Capacity of District authorities and Communities to monitor Illegal extraction of Natural resource in conservation area enhanced/increased

2.2.5.1. Conduct Joint District Patrols The program supported the implementation of two forest patrols in Mpanda district (now Tanganyika) following the request from District Commissioner. The first patrol took place from 13th – 18th October, 2016, involving 48 district officers that divided into two groups (crews) each with 24 participants. Participants were drawn from natural resources and law enforcement departments including District Natural Resource, Environment Departments, TANAPA, and Central Government Departments - Immigration, police, and military Police from National Security.

The patrols were planned to tackle individuals who have encroached the protected forests, water catchments of Katuma, Mnyamasi and Lugufu rivers, demolish illegal settlements and discourage illegal human activities such unregulated farming, livestock keeping, logging, fishing and poaching.

Areas patrolled include; Tongwe West forest reserve, Mnyagala and Mnyamasi rivers junction, Kagobore conservation are, Lyamgoroka animal corridor, Kamsanga conservation area, Lugufu, Sebanga, Mpanda East and West forest reserves and the forest around the Mishamo settlement.

A total of 95 illegal settlements, 396 huts and 27 acre farms established within protected areas were demolished and 25 people apprehended. The patrol teams found a total of 10 defaulters with 367 cattle grazing in the reserved forests. They were fined a total of Tshs 11,890,000/ ($4,916) in accordance with the law. Other partners that contributed to the patrol included TNC, FZS, Mpanda District Council and JGI.

Among the recommendations and way forward after the patrols Include:

o Patrols should be operationalized after every 2 months in order to minimize the current environmental degradation and the illegal influx of livestock in the reserves. o Communication tools such as radio calls should be made available during patrols to enhance smooth communication between the teams and coordination unit at the district headquarters during forest patrols.

o Each patrol should focus on areas which are largely affected by destruction and go there repeatedly to ensure that trespassers are not coming back. o The government has been advised to resume registration process of newcomers at the “Ten – Cell” level, where visitors are registered in the village register. The village registers once filled will be regularly submitted to the District Commissioner’s office for security screening. Visitor registration used to be a routine process but gradually stopped due to lack of follow-up by the district. The follow-up will help local leaders identify and track visitors who might potentially be encroaching forests or poaching. The recommendation was reached due to increasing number of defaulters coming from neighboring regions and countries or have escaped from existing refugee settlements and camps. District councils are in the process of establishing a special fund that would support future forests patrols. So far only Mpanda District Council has contributed fuel and per diems for district staff for the patrols. Close cooperation is needed between the law enforcement agencies that include district council staff, village leaders, soldiers, police and community volunteers. Such cooperation enhances flow of information, increases number of staff engaged in patrols and improves transparency and impact of the patrol. District Commissioner is the chairperson for District Security Committee so closely supervises the district patrols. 2.2.5.2. Support Implementation of Community Patrols The program supported community patrols in 11 out of 13 villages as planned. The reasons for not achieving all villages include the challenging geographical location and terrain of the areas that hindered access. The villages involved are Mwamila, Mazungwe, Kazuramimba, Kandaga, Kalenge, Sunuka, Kahwibili, Rulinga, Kirando, Sigunga and Kajeje.

Unlike joint district patrol, community patrols are usually done by forest monitors and DLNR officers in village forest reserves. The main objective is to support villages and districts to enforce their laws and by-laws, promote implementation of national policies on natural resources management, and monitor illegal extraction of natural resources in protected areas. This also tends to ensure that all extractions are sustainable and create revenue for villages, districts and the central government.

Community patrol teams apprehended 1,294 pieces of timber worth 10,999,000Tshs ($4,555) and 392 bags of charcoal worth 4,143,048 Tshs. The team also demolished 29 charcoal kilns and confiscated two axes, one rake, one bicycle, two chainsaws and one crosscut saw. The timber was used to make desks that will be distributed to schools. 2.2.5.3. Support Forest Monitors The program facilitated meetings in 27 villages between FMs and village leaders to discuss on the best way to share application of forest data and information collected by Village Forest Monitors from village forest reserve patrols. These discussions and sharing of information can ultimately lead to increased capacity of communities to monitor illegal extraction of natural resources in village forest reserves. Our experience has shown that forest monitoring data sharing at village levels supports local decision making that contributes to improved management of their forest reserves by sending teams to areas identified as being encroached or illegally harvested. The meetings were attended by 677 participants (467 males, 210 females). From discussions it was revealed

that FMs’ work is well known and appreciated in the respective villages by the village chairperson, village executive officers (VEO) and members of village government.

It has been noted that there are credible efforts in management of private natural forests in most of the villages reached. Improved forest management practices such as pruning, thinning and fire management measures are now being practiced by the private forest owners as observed in Bubango, Chankele, Kagongo, Mgaraganza, Mkongoro and Bitale villages. Through implementation of CBFM plans and associated bylaws, there are signs that villages are gradually benefiting from natural resources collected from forest reserves. Bitale village is a good example, where revenues are collected and used to improve forest management activities including improving water catchments. 2.2.5.4. Applying new Technologies to Support decision making on natural resources The program procured 16 tablets that will be distributed to district and regional officials for the purposes of facilitating their access to information through the Dashboard. The leaders who will receive the tablets have already been trained on the use of the Dashboard which will facilitate information sharing for monitoring data between districts, regions and program staff. The use of this information can support better decision making on responding to threats within the forest reserves. The distribution of the tablets will be done next quarter, preceded by one more training on the dashboard and how data collection from forest monitors through the open data kit (ODK) is incorporated into the system. 2.2.5.5. Testing new tools to Monitor Vegetation and Quantify Forest Regeneration JGI continued working with colleagues at DigitalGlobe to apply the latest remote sensing technologies to monitor change in vegetation in western Tanzania. A second version of the land cover map of the Greater Gombe Ecosystem was developed using DigitalGlobe satellite imagery acquired in 2005 and 2014 (Figure 1). The land cover map is a significant improvement from previous versions, better distinguishing between forests and oil palm classes and which successfully captures human settlements and farming land uses. One of the challenges still remains distinguishing between dense and open woodland and shrubs. These classes are important because most of the forest in the process of natural regeneration in the village forest reserve fail into one of these three classes. Therefore in order to properly maps areas of reforestation the classification algorithm should do a better job in distinguishing various woodland and shrub land vegetation types. Additional training classes were selected to improve the classification method and algorithm for the next version.

The second application selected by JGI-DigitalGlobe research team is using machine learning to map and count individual tree species inside and outside Gombe National Park. Two imagery collected in June 12 2014 by GeoEye and August 18, 2015 by WorldView-3 were selected and pre-processed. Figure 2 below shows a color infrared composite of these imagery that shows green vegetation in red. It is clear that individual trees could be easier identified on WorldView-3 imagery. This is because Worldview sensor has higher spatial and temporal resolution. It is also because in the late dry season (August) tree crowns could be better distinguished with dry grass in the background than in June when the vegetation is still green.

More than 200 locations of tree species have been compiled from vegetation and phenology surveys conducted over the years by JGI and research partners at Duke University and University of Minnesota in Gombe. However, preliminary classification results shows that these field observations are not enough. It seems that we need at least 50 field observations per species in order to be able to automatically map each tree species. With modest additional funding these field observations could be collected in Gombe. However, the source of the funding has not yet been identified. See figure 1 and 2 annex 7.

JGI introduced a new technology and started to assess its potential to support community forest monitoring and conservation efforts in one village. In 2014 JGI worked with Google Earth Outreach to explore the potential of Street View technology to conservation. As part of these effort JGI and Google Earth Outreach teams with support from TANAPA mapped more than 30 km of trails in Gombe National Park. Now everyone can go and explore Gombe in Street View https://www.google.com/streetview/#gombe- tanzania

To read more about Gombe Street View project use this link https://www.google.com/maps/about/behind-the-scenes/streetview/treks/gombe- tanzania/ Street Views provide a georeferenced visual record of the forest from human perspective on the ground. Gombe Street View project clearly demonstrated the potential of Street View to complement other forest monitoring efforts from satellite images, UAVs, and field patrols using mobile technologies. https://www.google.com/streetview/#gombe-tanzania/natural-regeneration-in-village- forest-reserves.

However, one of the major limitations for monitoring was that to collect 2014 images we used a proprietary Google trekker that has 15 cameras and weighs 42 pounds. It was not feasible to have such equipment available for repeated street view data collections needed for forest monitoring and scale it up at the community level. A few months ago small 360 cameras designed to be working with Google Street View technologies were launched. Each camera costs between $300-$600 and it is small enough and can be easily mounted on a bike helmet. JGI applied to Street View 360 Loan Program https://www.google.com/streetview/camera-loans/ and received a Samsung Gear 360 camera for testing in Tanzania. The goal is to assess: 1) At what extent 360 cameras are feasible to be used by the local communities for forest monitoring; 2) How images collected with 360 cameras and Street View technologies could potentially inform forest management decisions?

A village forest monitor with 360 camera on loan from Google Street View Program (photo credit CNN)

Our use of this technology was recently featured by CNN into Africa and can be watched on this link - -http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/17/africa/jane-goodall-conservation/index.html

2.2.6 Intermediate Result 6: Environmentally Friendly Agricultural Practices and their benefits promoted

2.2.6.1. Support Agro-forestry farming in project villages

No activity that took place during the quarter 2.2.6.2. Promote Horticulture in Mpanda and Nsimbo – Katavi region

No activity that took place during the quarter 2.2.7 Intermediate Result 7: Increase Income from Environmentally Friendly enterprises in project Areas

2.2.7.1. Facilitate Formation of SACCOS

The program conducted supervision and provided support to 26 micro credit groups in Kigoma and Uvinza district councils. A total of 50 new members (15 males, 35 females) joined SACCOS groups in their respective villages, supporting around 300 people2 with the economic benefits from various IGAs. Follow up to the remaining 5 SACCOS will be done in the next quarter.

It was noted during supervision visits that 5 SACCOS showed good performance in conducting regular meetings, record keeping, buying shares, and timely loan repayment. Other 20 groups showed moderate performance in that not all meetings were conducted as per their plan, loan repayments are slower and other members are not buying shares regularly. The total savings recorded over the quarter for all the groups was Tshs 123,762,886/= ($51,253), with outstanding loan of Tshs 40,621, 196/= ($16,824). The savings has increased by Tshs 8,142,100/= ($3,372) compared to last quarter as shown in Annex 4.

The program will continue with follow up, sensitization and support micro credit groups and future programming (SACCOS and Village Savings and Loan groups) across the landscape to boost loan repayment. 2.2.7.2. Improve Coffee Value Chain and Support Marketing During the previous quarters, the district was supported to raise 15,290 seedlings from hybrid coffee seeds. The use of hybrid seeds replace the use of clonal coffee which showed a high failure rate in the nursery phase and high cost of raising due to importation of root stimulator enzyme. However according to TACRI, the field performance, resistance to diseases and production remained the same in both the clonal and hybrid coffee seedlings. During this quarter 1,670 clonal seedlings were distributed to 16 farmers (10 males, 6 females) in Kalinzi village for planting in the farms.

2 Each member of the family participating in IGA is estimated to benefit six members of the same family. This is the average family size. Benefits can include food, medication, school fees and uniforms.

Unfavorable rainy season impends distribution of coffee seedlings to farmers, and as a result farmers postponed taking seedlings. Activity of mobilization is ongoing and farmers have registered their names for the collection of seedlings.

2.2.7.3. Improve Honey Production and Value Chain The program organized supervision visits to 6 beekeeping groups with 224 beekeepers (163 males, 61 females) in Uvinza, Ilagala and Mwamila villages. By October 2016 honey harvesting season, the groups collected 460 liters of honey, which was much more than what was collected in previous years due to the delayed and erratic rains during this quarter. The honey was all sold at Tshs 2,300,000/ (average price of Tshs 5,000/liter which was the same as the last season). In addition, 45 liters of beeswax were collected and is yet to be sold due to its poor market. The revenue from honey was divided among group members and was used to cover their family needs. Three carpenters in Kasisi village are making preparations to manufacture 50 beehives for the beekeepers starting next quarter.

2.2.7.4. Promote Eco-tourism Activities in Program villages The program trained 56 members (25 males, 31 females) of the cultural tourism groups, tour guides groups on how to promote and conserve their cultural and historical aspects which can be among the attraction for both domestic and foreign visitors as well as environment conservation. The groups were trained on interaction techniques, how to present the history of an area, how to present costs, conserve places and historical artifacts and networking with others. They role played after the training.

3. INTEGRATION OF CROSSCUTTING ISSUES AND USAID FORWARD PRIORITIES

3.1 Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment The program continued to monitor women empowerment and gender integration into on-going program activities.

In production, women took loans from their micro-credit groups and invested in farming activities. An example is Moshi Juma, a member of Upendo micro credit group at Katambike village who managed to take a loan of Tshs 2 million that she invested in maize farming where she uses goat droppings as manure, while another woman a member of TWIFASHE micro-credit group took a loan that she invested in processing palm nuts for extraction for cooking oil and soap making. Currently most micro-credit groups are gradually becoming gender sensitive and focusing on women’s empowerment. The results will be shared in the next quarter report. There are more women involved in micro-credit activities compared to men.

During this quarter women constituted 33% (630 out of 1,932) of people involved in activities that promote productive economic resources such as micro-credit, coffee farming eco-tourism, woodlots and improved farming (Annex 3). The current achievement is close to the annual target which is 35% in this way indicating that more women are continuing to be reached and joining these groups. The program continues to follow up on how women are involved in ownership of, and decision making on natural resources by collecting data on women involvement.

3.2 Youth Engagement

3.2.1 Environmental Education

This quarter the program supported five secondary schools Roots & Shoots clubs to raise 28,800 multipurpose tree seedlings which will be planted around the school compound. The schools and their respective numbers of tree seedlings raised include: Mkongoro (6,000), Mkabogo (12,000), Kalinzi (4,000), Bitale (5,000) and Ilagala (1,800). Kalinzi and Mkabogo just started establishment of tree nurseries.

Students conducting nursery management practices i.e. watering and weeding at Kalinzi secondary school (left photo) and Mgaraganza Primary school (right photo)

The program supported an excursion for 34 students (19 males, 15 females) and 4 patrons/matron teachers from Kazuramimba Primary School to Gombe National Park. The pretest on knowledge of conservation conducted before the excursion indicated that 60% of students had a good knowledge on conservation and its importance. Students interacted with researchers in Gombe National Park on the importance of conservation, Gombe Research Centre, the National parks and the advantages of environmental conservation to human beings. Students visited the waterfall in the park, Jane’s peak and did chimp trekking.

At the end of the excursion during questioning students on their levels of understanding,, 100% were able to explain the importance of conservation of the environment to wildlife and people.

Students from Kazuramimba Primary School during their excursion to Gombe National Park 3.2.2 Youth Training at Kitwe Forest Reserve Kitwe forest in Kigoma town provides students and specific groups of adults from GMU program villages and many other parts of Kigoma municipality with the opportunity for practical environmental learning experiences. The biodiversity within Kitwe helps learners to interact with nature and therefore be able to improve their knowledge and skills. There were 100 students (56 males, 44 female) visiting Kitwe Forest Reserve this quarter. As part

24 of the training students were able to learn about forest regeneration, exotic and indigenous trees. Students enjoyed nature walks and discussed the advantages of forest conservation. They were able to watch wild animals, enjoy the cool climate and picked mushrooms in the forest. 3.2.3 Biodiversity Conservation Teacher’s Handbook Printing and distribution The program in collaboration with district education department distributed 948 Environmental Education Teachers Guides to 108 schools within the GMU program area. This document will guide teachers on integrating biodiversity conservation education in schools. Target schools included 15 secondary and 93 primary schools. The distribution of the books was based on the number of teachers in a specific school. During the book distribution it was noted that there is uneven distribution of teachers among schools, thus making it difficult for teachers in underserved schools to effectively reach all students with environmental education. Alternatively, schools with more teachers, stood a high chance for all subjects to be covered, including conservation education.

The program also conducted an essay competition involving 159 schools (130 are primary and 29 secondary schools). A total of 4,770 students participated in the essay competition on environmental topics. The essay will be assessed in the next quarter and ultimately identify the three best essays in Kigoma and Katavi region. From the total essays received, it is clear that this is an opportune way to motivate, encourage and engage students in environment conservation education. 3.2.4 Billboard Survey The report on environmental education survey is complete. The survey was aimed at assessing community understanding in sampled villages on attitudes, knowledge and practices in environmental conservation. Random sampling of villages and interviewees was employed. Thirteen villages were selected; 8 villages where billboards installed, 3 where GMU activities are taking place and 2 villages where GMU activities are not taking place.

Data collected were analyzed using SPSS IBM v20. On knowledge 44% of people interviewed have seen chimpanzees and 56% have not. On attitudes, 85.1% of interviewed people agreed that chimpanzee and elephants are animal species that need to be protected, 9.8 said they do not deserve to be protected while 4.9% they don’t know if there is a need to protect them. The reason include hunting elephant tusks and people eating wildlife meat especially that of the chimpanzee. Another factor mentioned is the destruction of crops and as a result people use snares to catch and kill crop raiding animals. The survey indicated that 66.2% (254 out of 976 respondents) of respondents agreed that cow meat is better than bush meat. 26% of the respondents indicated that killing wildlife for meat consumption is taking place in the villages. Therefore a need to continue with environmental and wildlife conservation. During interviews, the question was twisted from the previous one which asked directly whether you take bush meat or not. At the beginning respondents were reluctant to answer because they thought if you say “yes” you will be arrested. At Mwakizega village even school children are engaged in killing baboons and sell it to community members at Tshs 3,000/= - 10,000/= depending with the size.

As a general recommendation, there needs to increase environmental education efforts through various media of communication such as posters, leaflets, video shows and awareness campaigns to change community behavior on environment conservation including wildlife. The report which is still under final review and will be shared separately.

3.3 Local Capacity Development The program facilitated training to village leaders, FMs, VLUM and village government members on implementation of Village land Use Plan, Land laws and forest laws. This is done to build capacity of local teams especially within program beneficiaries to get involved in planning, implementation, and monitoring of their work, as well as builds capacity for sustaining this work into the future. This creates sense of ownership to the community. See section 2.2.1.1 3.4 Integration and Collaboration No special activities implemented. However, as described above, the program collaborated closely with both the district and regional authorities, as well as some of our NGO counterparts in facilitating activities during the quarter including district and regional patrols, training of district PFM teams, and establishing a follow-up and monitoring system at the district level of activities. 3.5 Sustainability The engagement of district council staff in capacity building in planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of program activities is part of the programs sustainability strategy. The recent formulation of the inter-district oversight committee has vested more ownership of the program in the district leaders while creating a support mechanism among local leaders.

Community representatives such as VLUM, FMs, VINA, fire crews have continuously been involved in training, execution, regular follow up and evaluating progress of program activities. The program will continue to support the district in establishing a fund where they can put revenues from confiscations during the patrols and have it available for support of future activities to patrol and monitor their natural resources. 3.6 Environmental Compliance The program continued to implement the Environmental Monitoring and Mitigation Plan (EMMP) Environmental Monitoring and Mitigation Plan (EMMP) that was approved on June 24, 2016. The EMMP highlights activities that have a threshold of negative determination with conditions. The proposed activity could have a minimal impact but if mitigated the impact is manageable.

The program conducted follow up on activities that could have negative impact. The aim is to ensure that implementation of such activities is in line with the approved EMMP. Activities monitored include; tree planting and woodlots establishment, agroforestry, the operation and assessment of SACCOS, implementation of the honey value chain, and promotion of eco-tourism activities. Annex 5 summarizes what was implemented during this quarter. In summary these are (as taken from our work plan): Activities 3.1, 6.1, 7.1, and 7.4. 3.7 Global Climate Change The program continued with climate change adaptation training for 110 community representatives (107 males, 37 females) from six villages including three villages that participated in the climate change vulnerability assessment. The villages are Katambike, Mnyamasi, Kasisi, Majalila, Vikonge and Bugwe. The training was based on the results of the vulnerability assessment, climate change impacts and developing strategies for adaptation.

Participants were from different community groups i.e. elderly people knowledgeable with climate changes, FMs, VLUM teams and village government committee members.

The team used interactive discussions from pre testing of knowledge to post-test i.e. after the training. About 70% of participants had some knowledge on climate change impacts due to their prior exposure during the vulnerability assessment. The remaining 30% had little or no knowledge on climate change impacts. The practical part of the training included a visit to areas affected by deforestation and included the Nyanza Salt Mine.

A pile of wood waiting to burned at Mnyamasi Pile of firewwodto be transported to Nyanza village after farm clearance Salt Mine

Among the strategies developed by communities as a wayforwad in addressing climate change impacts included the need for increasing conservation education for community members through hamlet meetings on the adverse impacts of climate changes. Develop adaptation strategies that will ensure sustainability of existing natural resources ie land, wildlife, water sources and forests.

The program held discussions with top leaders of Nyanza Salt Mine and were informed that the mine has now completely moved from utilizing firewood at its thermal plant for salt cooking to solar drying. Eleven months ago the company was fully reliant on wood fuel to dry salt. The establishment of solar drying ponds has replaced the use of thermal drying for salt which will have an impact on the deforestation of Masito Forest.

Salt drying solar ponds being used by Piled collected salt from the solar drying ponds. Nyanza Salt mine a new way to save environment and wildlife habitat

With the initiation of solar drying, the production of salt has reached 19,000to ns per year. This production is almost half of what was produced using thermal plant. However, with the ongoing expansion solar drying salt production will increase to almost 40,000 tons per season. Other activities planned under climate change such as rapid survey on human wildlife conflict for chimpanzees, preparation of brochures on climate change, vegetation plots sampling were not done due to inadequate preparation. The program will conduct these activities next quarter.

3.8 Policy and Governance Support

There were no activities implemented this quarter. 3.9 Private Sector Engagement, Public Private Partnerships (PPP), and Global Development Alliance (GDA) Collaboration

3.10 Science, Technology, and Innovation

4. STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION AND INVOLVEMENT

4.1 GGMKE Coordination Meeting on PFM JGI, TUUNGANE and FZS facilitated the Greater Gombe Mahale Katavi Ecosystem committee strategic meeting, which consists of district reams from Kigoma, Mpand, Uvinza and Nsimbo to develop an action plan to address issues of increasing cattle grazing, unregulated tree harvesting and poorly managed water sources especially the source of Katuma River at Bugwe Mountains. This was an unscheduled meeting following a visit by the Minister of State, Vice President’s Office, responsible for Union affairs and Environment, Hon. January Makamba. The minister had the opportunity to fly over the Katuma watershed to observe the impact of deforestation in that area. Senior program staff attended meetings to share experience and lessons learned.

Hon. January Makamba, seated 1st right, receiving the JGI presentation on our activities in western Tanzania

The members of the meeting agreed to conduct and support joint district patrol to evict all trespassers in all forest reserves of Tongwe West, Mpanda North, Mpanda East, Masito Ugalla Local forest reserves including water catchment areas and wildlife corridors. See section 2.2.5.1 for details.

4.2 USAID Visit A team of four senior USAID personnel, composed of David Thompson, Deputy Mission Director and DOC, Kristi Schober, Economic Growth Officer and M&E lead, Jessica Padron, Communication Officer and Kris Smathers, Financial Controller visited the program. The visit started by paying a courtesy call to the Kigoma Regional Office and Kigoma and Uvinza District Commissioners offices for introductions.

The team visited Masito Ugalla forest reserve, Gombe National park, micro-credit groups, fuel efficient stoves other program sites in villages where they held meetings and discussions with

CBO leaders (TUMAKATA), village leaders and other community groups including KANYOVU coffee cooperative Society, woodlots farms and inaugurated tree planting activity around water sources at Magaraganza village . See Annex 6 for photos. 4.3. Lake Rukwa Basin Meeting The Program Director and Program Forester represented the GMU program at a one-day meeting organized by the Lake Rukwa Basin Authority to discuss conservation issues affecting the basin especially on water management and utilization within the basin. The meeting was also attended by various stakeholders including NGOs, District council representatives, farmers and livestock keeper representatives. Information communicated during the meeting include any one or group of people who want to use water from rivers and lake within the basin, should by law request for authorization from the basin authority. This came after findings that some farmers have diverted water to rice fields.

5. MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES A new GIS Manager has been hired and is expected to report to Kigoma office in January 2017.

6. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING There were no data quality issues over the quarter although the M&E section conducted data verification on reported micro credit groups to ensure there is no double counting. The section is working on continued verification of data on the number of people with economic benefits that may be originating in the same households so that any potential double counting is excluded. This led to revise the tool that capture people who are engaged in economic activity by adding a column to identify if the person is a head of household. The tool will be shared in next quarter report after internal sharing.

The program monitored performance of improved mangoes farms in Nsimbo and marketing of beekeeping products. The team visited three farms located in Mnyamasi and Majalila villages. The farms showed moderate performance with 13 seedlings dried due to drought and poor management compared to more than 200 seedlings distributed. Continuous follow up is needed to provide supervision and motivate the farmers.

Monitoring on honey and beeswax marketing was also conducted. The findings are that beekeepers used to transport the harvested honey to Tabora from Mpanda where the prices and demand are higher compared to Mpanda. The market for beeswax is not available in Mpanda so it was advantageous to take it to Tabora where the market is available. Honey at Katambike village is sold at 80,000Tshs per bucket of 20 liters, while in Tabora the same bucket is sold at 110,000Tshs. Comparatively, beeswax at Katambike is sold at 8,000Tshs per kilo while in Tabora a kilo is sold at 11,000Tshs.

The program received 12 applications, after re-advertising, in response to the advertisement to conduct the mid-term assessment of GMU. The panel team screened and conducted the selection of the contractor to implement the work. The initiation of the assessment will take place next quarter with the inception meeting taking place, followed by implementation.

The program completed preparation of Scope of Work (SoW)/Terms of Reference for conducting a review of the performance of the micro credit groups (SACCOS and VSL) and provide recommendations for improvement. The SoW was shared and a consultant selected to begin the task.

The planned Regular Data Quality Assessment and training for VLUM, coffee representatives, and VINA's could not be implemented due to activities that took priority over these, as well as meeting and traveling with key guests. These activities are now scheduled for next quarter. The M&E officer attended a meeting in Dar organized by USAID which aimed at aligning NRM activity (projects) “Theories of Change” with NRM PAD and Mission CDCS and Harmonize and finalize the activity MEL plans.

7. SPECIAL EVENTS FOR NEXT QUARTER The program will also hand over the completed JUMMATU A CBO office building located at Vikonge village in Mpanda district. The office construction supports efforts to enhance good natural resources governance by supporting management and coordination of village level conservation initiatives, improving record keeping, and providing space for meetings and training. The actual date for the official handover will be communicated as the program is waiting for the Mpanda District Councils to set the actual date.

Dr. Jane Goodall will be visiting JGI in Tanzania next quarter. The main aim is to see the progress of various activities implemented by the institution in Tanzania. The activities are Chimpanzee research in Gombe, the community conservation program in Kigoma and Katavi Region and youth environment education efforts (Roots & Shoots) across the country. During this visit Dr. Jane Goodall will also visit the USAID mission.

The Tanzania Nation Parks will be awarding Dr. Jane Goodall in recognition of her efforts in Chimpanzee Research and raising the profile of Gombe National Park. The awarding ceremony will take place in Dar es Salaam.

8. HOW IMPLEMENTING PARTNER HAS ADDRESSED A/COR COMMENTS FROM THE LAST QUARTERLY OR SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT

Sn Issue raised Measured taken 1 Addition of LOP percentage achieved column in The column was added the performance table of indicators 2 Moving most of the tables at the annex except the The tables were moved indicator performance tables 3 Provide explanation on most of the comments The clarification was provided on comments raised and report resubmitted.

9. FINANCIAL SUMMARY

ANNEXES

Annex 1: Table showing village Scores on Good Governance Attributes Marks

No Village Total Transparency Participation Accountability law Rule of 1 Mgaraganza 88 90 54.2 11 243.2 2 Kalinzi 56 55 37.5 38 186.5 3 Kalalangabo 63 75 33.3 9.4 180.7 4 Pamila 63 75 20.8 16 174.8 5 Kigalye 50 75 33.3 13 171.3 6 Nyamuhoza 50 80 20.8 19 169.8 7 Zashe 56 55 34.1 20 165.1 8 Chankele 56 50 41.7 13 160.7 9 Mkongoro 50 50 37.5 14 151.5 10 Kiziba 44 45 41.7 13 143.7 11 Bubango 44 60 37.5 0.6 142.1 12 Matyazo 43.75 51 29.2 17 140.85 13 Nyarubanda 44 31 41.7 19 135.7 14 Kasuku 44 31 29.2 12 116.2 15 Bugamba 19 75 8.3 13 115.3 16 Kagunga 38 30 25 15 108 17 Kagongo 25 25 37.5 14 101.5 18 Mtanga 28 5 29.2 37 99.2 19 Bitale 25 30 25 15 95 20 Mkigo 13 6 37.5 31 87.5 21 Matendo 31 2 16.7 14 63.7 22 Nyamoli 13 1 37.5 3.8 55.3 23 Kaseke 19 0 29.2 1.3 49.5 24 Mwamgongo 13 2 20.8 7.5 43.3 Chankabwimb 25 a 25 1 8.3 8 42.3 26 Kidahwe 6.3 25 4.2 0 35.5 Total 1,007 1025 771.7 375 3178.25

Average 39 39 30 14 122

Annex 2: Table, Number of Households with FES in Respective Villages SN VILLAGE NUMBER OF REMARKS HOUSEHOLDS 1 Ilagala 81 2 Mwakizega 19 3 Karago 30 4 Sunuka 42 5 Kirando 20 6 Sigunga 44 7 Songambele 30 8 Katambike 166 9 Majalila 26 10 Vikonge 81 11 Mnyamasi 22 12 Kasisi 11 13 Mwamila 1 14 Kasuku 73 15 Mwamgongo 23 Total 669

Annex 3: Table Participants of Economic Activities Description SN Women Total number of participants participants 1 Micro credit 35 50 2 Tree planting 3 32 3 Coffee farmers 6 16 4 Engaged in beekeeping activities 61 224 Total 322 105 Number of people with increased economic 630 1,932 benefits derived from sustainable natural resources management and conservation as a result of USG assistance

Annex 4: Table, GMU Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan

NO VILLAGE SACCOS STATUS ON GOING TOTA NEW AGE GROUP SAVINGS LOAN OUTSTAN NAME (SACCOS MEMBERS L MEMBERS DISBURSED DING or VSL) (Tshs) LOAN >5 YRS M F F M M F F M 1 Kagongo Twifashe SACCOS 18 38 56 0 0 0 0 9,361,800.00 8,838,000.00 0.00 10 4 14 2 Bitale Furaha SACCOS 10 16 26 0 0 0 0 390000 400,000 300,000.00 0 0 0 3 Nyamoli Hiari SACCOS 19 23 42 0 2 0 1 630000 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 4 Kasuku Ruhiche SACCOS 106 89 195 0 0 0 0 952,000 0.00 2,000,000.00 0 19 19 5 Mwakizega Kilimo hai SACCOS 14 12 26 0 0 0 0 0 785,000.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 6 Ilagara Mwangu SACCOS 226 457 683 0 1 1 0 640,000.00 0.00 0.00 0 2 2 8 Mwamgong Matumaini SACCOS 36 62 98 0 0 2 0 0.00 14,000,000.00 13,960,000 o 0 10 10 9 Mtanga Juhudi SACCOS 9 10 19 0 0 0 0 0 224000 1,200,000 0.00 1 1 10 Nyaruband Tulihamwe SACCOS 18 10 28 0 0 0 0 121,500 950,000 500,000 a 0 0 0 11 Kidahwe Vijana SACCOS 18 13 31 0 0 0 1 37,902,736.00 24,215,650.00 0.00 4 0 4 12 Malagarasi Imalamaga SACCOS 163 100 263 0 0 0 0 0 6,000,000.00 0.00 0.00 mbo 0 0 13 Kigalye Katongwe SACCOS 8 17 25 0 0 0 0 150000 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 14 Kandaga Kandaga SACCOS 89 52 141 0 3 0 0 12,006,850.00 18,310,000.00 11,132,296.0 0 0 0 0 15 Mkigo Mkigo SACCOS 11 41 52 0 0 0 0 0 23000 0.00 7,636,900.00 0 0 16 Katambike Upendo VSL 68 101 169 0 0 4 2 50,876,000 48,800,000 200,000 0 0 0

group 17 Kagunga Tanganyika SACCOS 9 16 25 0 0 0 0 125000 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 0 0 0 18 Mgaraganz Kaharambu SACCOS 15 10 25 0 0 0 0 225000 0.00 1,000,000.00 a ga 0 0 0 19 Kaseke Chem SACCOS 24 10 34 0 0 0 0 210,000 630,000.00 0.00 chem 0 0 0 20 Uvinza Jitihada SACCOS 24 10 34 0 0 0 0 672000 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 21 Sunuka Nyota SACCOS 11 14 25 0 0 0 0 0 160000 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00 0 0 22 Bubango Twiluke SACCOS 18 20 38 0 0 0 0 180000 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 23 Kiziba Tutungane SACCOS 12 10 22 0 0 0 0 55000 125,000.00 125,000.00 0 0 0 24 Majalila Ujamaa VSL 5 6 11 0 0 0 0 867,000 800,000 67,000 group 0 0 0 25 Majalila Tujadiliane SACCOS 22 13 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 Bubango Twaweza VSL 12 18 30 0 6 6 11 7 180000 400,000 200,000 Group 0 0 Total 965 1,168 2,133 50 6 12 18 11 123,762,886 121,958,650 40,621,196 15 35

Total Microfinance 26 Male members 965 Female members 1,168 Total SACCOS members 2,133

New members male 15 New Members 35

Annex 5: Table, GMU Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan

Timing and Activity Responsible Conditions (reproduced from the IEE) Mitigation Monitoring Parties Activity 3.1: Support tree planting and establishment of woodlots by farmers Tree nurseries The GMU team shall ensure that Promotion of tree planting and woodlots as a farming Program Forest Officer Responsible Party: and woodlots improvements in land and integrated water technique seeks to improve the soil's moisture and and District Extension Program Forest establishment resources management techniques do not fertility, reduce erosion, and provide alternative Officers (agriculture and Officer who cause destruction or degradation of natural sources of wood (outside of conservation areas and forestry) conduct ensures that these habitat, including deforestation, desertification forests) and not cause the destruction and degradation regular supervision visits techniques are and drainage of wetlands; lead to loss of highlighted in the IEE condition. The project does not to the tree nurseries incorporated. biodiversity; do not lead to the Introduction of promote or supply invasive species that might established woodlots Progress on exotic and non-native animals and plants; lead overgrow the native species. Invasive species are where tree seedlings are compliance will be to erosion and loss of soil fertility, siltation of eliminated from the nurseries and woodlots. Best transplanted and included in an water bodies or reduction in water quality; or practices on how to implement agroforestry, establish respond to Environmental spread disease. For activities involving woodlots continue to be incorporated in our work. questions/concerns Compliance CBNRM, good-practice design and operation Additionally, we are incorporating many of the CBNRM raised by farmers and section in the standards must be implemented, generally good-practice design and operation standards that are schools. An inventory of quarterly reports consistent with Chapter II of the USAID generally consistent with Chapter II of the USAID tree seeds is maintained submitted to EGASSA at: EGASSA at: by the GMU project and USAID/Tanzania http://www.encapafrica.org/EGSSAA/Word_En http://www.encapafrica.org/EGSSAA/Word_English/cbn district. by GMU Program glish/cbnrm.doc. rm.doc. Director.

Timing and Activity Responsible Conditions (reproduced from the IEE) Mitigation Monitoring Parties Activity 6.1:Support agro-forestry farming by contact farmers Agroforestry The GMU team shall ensure that improvements in Promotion of agroforestry as a farming technique seeks Ongoing Responsible Party: farming land and integrated water resources management to improve the soil's moisture and fertility and reduce supervision visits Forest Officer will techniques do not cause destruction or degradation erosion and not cause the destruction and degradation are conducted ensure that these of natural habitat, including deforestation, highlighted in the IEE condition. Best practices on how by the Forest techniques are desertification and drainage of wetlands; lead to loss to implement agroforestry continue to be incorporated Officer, incorporated. of biodiversity; do not lead to the Introduction of in our work including banning of shifting cultivation Environmental Progress on exotic and non-native animals and plants; lead to through village bylaws developed during the village land Education compliance will be erosion and loss of soil fertility, siltation of water use planning process. The program focuses on Officer together included in an bodies or reduction in water quality; or spread increasing crop production per unit area instead of with the District Environmental disease. For activities involving CBNRM, good- expanding farms. Additionally, we are incorporating Extension Compliance section practice design and operation standards must be may of the CBNRM good-practice design and operation Officers to in the quarterly implemented, generally consistent with Chapter II of standards that are generally consistent with Chapter II respond to reports submitted to the USAID EGASSA at: of the USAID EGASSA at: questions/concer USAID/Tanzania by http://www.encapafrica.org/EGSSAA/Word_English/ http://www.encapafrica.org/EGSSAA/Word_English/cbn ns by farmers GMU Program cbnrm.doc. rm.doc. and schools. Director.

Timing and Activity Responsible Conditions (reproduced from the IEE) Mitigation Monitoring Parties Activity 7.1: Facilitate operation and assessment of SACCOS performance. Small MSE credit and service providers are urged to institutionalize their own environmental The program work JGI reviewed the Responsible party: businesses reviews of credit and service projects and individual activities. MSE & environment with the SACCOS groups’ criteria Community established guidelines can be used to improve the effectiveness, on a case-by-case basis, of reviewing groups to establishment for Development by SACCO and mitigating the adverse environmental impacts of MSEs, so there should be scope for incorporate a criteria provision of Officer. Progress members factoring in some screening criteria in the loan provision process. JGI facilitated the for screening loan loans to for on compliance will who receive establishment of 27 micro-credit groups and one umbrella/apex association that governs applications that income be included in an loans are not these micro-credit groups and continues to provide supportive supervision and technical ensures that all generating Environmental negatively support to the groups businesses are activities and Compliance impacting the GMU shall ensure that the Guaranteed Party or Parties have environmental screening environmentally explain the section in the environment system sufficient to demonstrate compliance with local environmental laws and to enable friendly and comply importance of quarterly reports GMU to make an assessment of the environmental impact of such activities and shall with local having a criteria submitted to submit to USAID their proposed policies and procedures to assure that the projects environmental laws. that seeks to USAID/Tanzania financed are environmentally sound and comply with applicable laws and procedures. MSE By-laws that ensure look at the by GMU Program credit and service providers are urged to institutionalize their own environmental reviews that businesses environmental Director. of credit and service projects and individual activities. MSE and environment guidelines can established are impact of the be used to improve the effectiveness, on a case-by-case basis, of reviewing and mitigating environmentally IGAs. This help the adverse environmental impacts of MSEs, so there should be scope for factoring in friendly can be to eliminate some screening criteria in the loan provision process. incorporated by the activities that groups. have adverse negative impact to environment.

Timing and Activity Conditions (reproduced from the Responsible IEE) Mitigation Monitoring Parties Activity 7.3 Adapt and implement honey value chain Support The GMU team shall ensure rehabilitation Size of the honey collection centers that will be As part of the procurement process Responsible Party: construc of existing facilities and construction of constructed and/or renovated will not be greater we will incorporate the Small Scale Forest Officer will tion of facilities in which the total surface area than 120 sq m. The construction of the Construction Chapter guidelines for ensure that improved honey disturbed is less than 10,000 square feet collection centers will take place in areas reference by the contractors. During techniques are collectio (1000 m2 ), the total cost is less than designated as residential or for community monitoring visits conducted together incorporated into the n $200,000, the construction is not done in services as part of the land use planning exercise. with the district officers to the beekeeping. Progress centers protected areas or other environmentally Additionally, none of the construction will be honey collection construction sites on compliance will be

sensitive areas and that these activities shall done in environmentally sensitive or protected this quarter, GMU continued to included in an be conducted following principles for areas. Buildings will follow the construction monitor and discuss with local Environmental environmentally sound design and guidelines set forth by the government, as well as leadership (in Vikonge and Mnyamasi Compliance section construction, as provided in the Small Scale refer to the Small Scale Construction chapter of Village) to ensure that all buildings in the quarterly Construction chapter of the USAID SEGs: the USAID SEGs: comply with approved architectural reports submitted to http://www.usaidgems.org/Sectors/construc http://www.usaidgems.org/Sectors/construction.h designs and are in areas designated USAID/Tanzania by tion.htm. tm. for residential purposes and other GMU Program infrastructure. Director.

Activity Conditions (reproduced from the Timing and IEE) Mitigation Monitoring Responsible Parties Activity 7.4: Promote Eco-tourism development in villages Eco-tourism The GMU team shall ensure rehabilitation Size of the eco-tourism site that will be No activity took place this Responsible Party: site of existing facilities and construction of constructed and/or renovated will not be greater quarter, but we will Community renovated facilities in which the total surface area than 120 sq. m. The construction of the eco- continue to ensure that Development Officer: and/or disturbed is less than 10,000 square feet tourism site will take place in areas designated as the Small Scale Progress on compliance constructed (1000 m2 ), the total cost is less than residential or for community services as part of the Construction Chapter regularly shared with will be done $200,000, the construction is not done in land use planning exercise. Natural trails that lead guidelines are referenced respective village in protected areas or other environmentally to tourism to the sites will be well marked and by the contractors. The authorities and accordance sensitive areas and that these activities shall maintained. Additionally, none of the construction program conducted conservation partners with be conducted following principles for will be done in environmentally sensitive or regular inspection of the and included in the construction environmentally sound design and protected areas. Buildings will follow the trails and construction of Environmental guidelines construction, as provided in the Small Scale construction guidelines set forth by the the sites in collaboration Compliance section in Construction chapter of the USAID SEGs: government, as well as refer to the Small Scale with district teams. This the quarterly reports http://www.usaidgems.org/Sectors/construc Construction chapter of the USAID SEGs: involved developing rules submitted to tion.htm. http://www.usaidgems.org/Sectors/construction.ht and regulations on natural USAID/Tanzania by m. resources management. GMU Program Director.

Annex 6: Pictures of activities and events that took place this quarter

Mwamila Community representatives with a visiting team from USAID in December 2016.

Photos above: USAID visitors participating in tree planting at Mgaraganza village in December 2016

Situation at outlet of Lake Katavi when water becomes scarce

JUMMATU A members during their annual meeting in November 2016 at their new Office

Annex 7

Figure 1: Land cover map of GGE using DigitalGlobe satellite imagery acquired in 2005 and 2014

Figure 2: