DOCSLIB.ORG

Systematic Studies of Pelagic Hyperiidean Amphipods Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

?cr. to' eO v. SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF PELAGIC HYPERIIDEAi\ AMPHIPODS OF THE INFRAORDER PHYS OCEPHALATA (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA: HYPE,RIIDEA) by Wotfgang Zeidler, B.Sc. (Hons), MSc. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy within the UniversitY of Adelaide Department of Environmental Biology August 2000 Volume I: Text, Appendices and Bibliography ll Contents Abstract vi Statement vln Acknowledgments ix 1. Introduction 1 2. Evolution/Phylogeny ofHyperiidean Amphipods 6 3. Materials and Methods 9 4. Note on Major pre-2Oth Century Collections 13 5. Systematics 16 Suborder HYPERIIDEA Milne-Edwards, 1 830 l6 Infraorder PHYSOSOMATA Pirlot, 1929 16 Infraorder PHYSOCEPHALATA Bowman & Gruner, 1973 18 5.1 Superfamily VIBILIOIDEA Bowman & Gruner,1973 23 Family VIBILIIDAE Dana, 1852 24 Vibilia H. Milne-Edwards, 1830 26 Vibilioides Cheweux, 1905 74 Family CYLLOPODIDAE Bovallius, 1 887 77 Cyllopus Dana, 1853 78 Family PARAPHRONIMIDAE Bovallius, 1 887 84 P ar ap hr o nim a Claus, | 87 9 85 5.2 Superfamily CYSTISOMATOIDEA new superfamily 92 Family CYSTISOMATIDAE Willemöes-Suhm, I 875 92 Cy s t i s o m a Guérin-Mén ev ille, | 8 42 93 5.3 Superfamily PHRONIMOIDEA Bowman & Gruner,1973 120 Family PHRONIMIDAE Dana, 1852 t22 Phronima Latreille, 1 802 r23 Phronimella Claus, 1 871 t32 Family PHROSINIDAE Dana, 1852 134 Phrosina Risso, 1822 135 Anchyl omer a Mllne-Edwards, 1 8 3 0 t37 Primno Guérin-Méneville, 1 836 t39 111 Family HYPEzuIDAE Dana, 1852 t45 Hyperia Latreille in Desmarest, 1823 t47 Themisto Guérin, 1825 t49 Hyperiella Bovallius, 1 887 151 Hyperoche Bovallius, 1 887 151 P e gohyp er i a B arnard, 1932 t52 LaxohyperiaYinogradov & Volkov in Vinogradov et a1.,1982 153 Family LESTzuGONIDAE new family 153 Lestrigonus Milne-Edwards, 1 830 r57 Phronimops¿s Claus, I 879 t57 Themistella Bovallius, 1 887 158 Hyperioides Chevreux, 1 900 158 Hyperietta Bowman, 1 973 159 Hyperionyx Bowman, I 973 1s9 Family IULOPIDIDAE new family 160 Iulopis Bovallius, 1 887 161 Family BOUGISIDAE new family r66 BougisiaLaval,1966 r67 Family DAIRELLIDAE Bovallius, I 887 t69 Dairella Bovallius, 1 887 t70 5.4 Superfamily LYCAEOPSOIDEA Bowman & Gruner,1973 176 Family LYCAEOPSIDAE Chevreux, 1 91 3 176 Lycaeopsis Claus, 1879 t78 5.5 Superfamily PLATYSCELOIDEA Bowman & Gruner,1973 187 Family PRONOIDAE Claus, 1879 190 Pronoe Guérin-Méneville, I 836 192 Family PARAPRONOIDAE new family 19s Purapronoe Claus, 1879 t97 Eupronoe Claus, 1879 202 Family AMPHITHYRIDAE new family 205 Amphithyrus Claus, 1879 208 Paralycaea Claus, 1879 2t2 Amphithyropsis new genus 215 IV Family BRACIIYSCELIDAE Stephensen, 1923 2r7 B r a chys c elus B ate, 186 | 219 Family LYCAEIDAE Claus, 1879 224 Lycaea Dana, 1852 226 Simorhynchotus Stebbing, I 888 230 Family ANAPRONOIDAE Bowman &. Gruner, 1973 232 Anapronoe Stephensen, 1925 234 Family THAMNEIDAE new family 236 Thamneus Bovallius, 1 887 238 Family TRYPHANIDAE Boeck, 1871 240 Tryphana Boeck, 1871 242 Family OXYCEPHALIDAE Bate, 1861 244 Oxycephaløs Milne-Edwards, 1 830 247 RhabdosomaWhite,1847 2s2 Leptocotis Streets, I 877 2s6 Calamorhynchus Streets, 1 878 259 Glos s ocephalus Bov allius, 1 8 87 262 Tullbergella Bovallius, 1 887 265 Streetsia Stebbing, 1 888 268 Cranocephalus Bovallius, 1 890 272 Family PLATYSCELIDAE Bate, 1862 275 Platyscelus Bate, 1861 279 Hemityphis Claus, 1879 283 Paratyphis Claus, 1879 286 Tetrathyrus Claus, 1 879 289 Family PARASCELIDAE Bovallius, 1 887 292 Parascelus Claus, 1879 295 Thyropus Dana,1852 298 Schizoscelzs Claus, 1879 301 Euscelus Claus, 1879 304 6. Discussion and Conclusion 308 Appendix I 311 Revised Classification of the Infraorder Physocephalata Appendix 2 314 Character List Appendix 3 322 Item Descriptions Appendix 4 326 Paupdata: Cladistic Data Matrix Bibliography 330 VI Abstract The systematics of the hyperiidean amphipod infraorder Physocephalata is investigated, with particular emphasis on the higher classification of the superfamily Platysceloidea, that has proved to be the most problematical superfamily for zooplankton workers. The study is based on collections held by major natural history museums in Australia, Europe and North America. All of these museums were visited personally, and in addition, specimens were borrowed from a number of other overseas institutions. Current studies of the systematics of the Physocephalata support the hypothesis that this group is probably polyphyletic, and genera have sometimes been grouped together in families with no phylogenetic justification. Consequently a number of families are split, resulting in an increase in the number of monogeneric families, giving a classification that reflects the apparently ancient phylogenetic origins of the group. A new key to all families of the sub-order Hyperiidea is provided, as are keys to the genera, and most species, of the infraorder Physocephalata. New diagnoses, reflecting the results of this study, are given for all superfamilies and families, and most genera and species. Twenty-three families,54 genera and 168 species of Physocephalata are recognised in this review. The superfamily Vibilioidea now consists of the families Vibiliidae, Cyllopodidae and Paraphronimidae. The family Vibiliidae is reviewed. Cyllopus is placed in the family Cyllopodidae, while Vibilioides is recognised as a valid genus' The family Cystisomatidae is reviewed, and placed in a new superfamily, Cystisomatoidea, because it has a number of characters that preclude it from the superfamily Vibilioidea. The superfamily Phronimoidea is reviewed at the family and genus level. The families Phronimidae, Phrosinidae and Dairellidae remain unchanged but the family Hyperiidae is split into four. The genera Hyperia, Themisto, Hyperiella, Hyperoche, Pegohyperia vlt and Laxohyperia are retained in the family Hyperiidae. The genera Lestrigonus, Phronimopsis, Themistella, Hyperioides, Hyperietta and Hyperionyx are transferred to the new family, Lestrigonidae. Iulopis and Bougisia do not fit into either of these families, nor do they resemble each other, and they are therefore placed in two new families, Iulopididae and Bougisidae. The superfamily Lycaeopsoidea is maintained on the basis of the morphology of the antennae, the mouthparts and the extreme sexual dimorphism. Genera of the superfamily Platysceloidea are diagnosed using the taxonomic database program DELTA (Dalwitz et al. 1999). This database is also used for a phylogenetic analysis of the genera using PAUP (Swofford 2000). Taxonomic changes as a result of this study are summarised as follows. The family Pronoidae is restricted to the monotypic genus Pronoe. Amphithyrzs has characters in common with Paralycaea and the new genus Amphithyropsis, and together they form the new family Amphithyridae. The family Brachyscelidae is recognised for the genus Brachyscelus. Thamneus has a number of characters that differ considerably from any other genus and is therefore placed in the new family Thamneidae. Euprono¿ is like Paraprono¿ in the morphology of the moutþarts, antennae and gnathopods, and together they form the new family Parapronoidae. The family Lycaeidae is limited to Lycaea and Simorhynchotus. The status of the family Anapronoidae is confirmed. The family Oxycephalidae seems to be polyphyletic but more work is required to resolve the systematic status of the eight genera recognised. Metalycaea globosa, previously included in the Oxycephalidae, is regarded a species of Lycaea. The family Platyscelidae is restricted to four genera, Platyscelus, Paratyphis, Tetrathyrus and Hemityphis. Amphithyrus is removed to the new family Amphithyridae. The family Parascelidae is also restricted to four genera, Parascelus, Thyropus, Schizoscelus and Euscelus. Hemiscelus is regarded a slmonym of Hemityphis. All records of associations with gelatinous zooplankton are documented. It is suggested that a more detailed study of this unusual relationship might help to resolve the evolutionary origins and phylogeny of the Hyperiidea. vrl_l- Statement This work contains no material that has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to this copy of my thesis, when deposited in the University Library, being made available for loan and photocopying, Wolfgang Zeidler August,2000 IX Acknowledgments I am indebted to my supervisor, Em. Prof. Bill Williams, and my co-supervisor for the latter half of my studies, Dr Derek Duckhouse, for providing invaluable guidance and encouragement. I am very grateful to the South Australian Museum and the Department of Zoology at the University of Adelaide (now the Department of Environmental Biology) for providing the facilities and administrative support to enable me to undertake my research. This study would not have been possible without the cooperation and assistance of numerous people in charge of collections, or facilities, at the major institutions of the world. All were exceptionally generous with their time, searching for specimens, arranging loans, or making me feel welcome and providing access to collections during personal visits, or helped in other ways. I am most grateful to all of them. There are so many that they are listed by continent and institution as follows. In Europe: at the BIVINH, Ms J. Ellis for the loan of specimens, Ms M. Lowe, Mr P. Clark and Prof. G.A. Boxshall for providing access to the collections and for the loan of specimens, the BMNH also gave permission to reproduce the drawings by Sydney 'Wheeler Parkinson for one of my papers (Zeídler 1995a) and Mr A. gave valuable advice, and Mr R. Banks and Mr P. Cooper organised copies of Parkinson's drawings for publication; at the MNHN, Dr D. Defaye for the loan of specimens and information on the collections; at the MOM, Dr C. Carpine for the loan of specimens; at the NMW, Dr V. Stagl for the loan of specimens; at the SMNH, Mr L. Sandberg for the loan of specimens, Ms K. Sindemark, Dr A. Waren and Prof. C. Erseus for their kind hospitality and for providing access to the collections; at the Z}i4.P, Dr H. E. Gruner for the loan of specimens, Dr C.O.
Recommended publications
  • AMPHIPODA Sheet 103 SUB-ORDER: HYPERIIDEA Family: Hyperiidae (BY M

    AMPHIPODA Sheet 103 SUB-ORDER: HYPERIIDEA Family: Hyperiidae (BY M

    CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL POUR L’EXPLORATION DE LA MER Zooplankton AMPHIPODA Sheet 103 SUB-ORDER: HYPERIIDEA Family: Hyperiidae (BY M. J. DUNBAR) 1963 https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.4917 -2- 1. Hyperia galba, 9;a, per. 1; b, per. 2. - 2. Hyperia medusarum, 9;a, per. 1 ; b, per. 2. - 3. Hyperoche rnedusarum, 8; a, per. 1 ; b, per. 2. - 4. Parathemisto abyssorum, Q; a, per. 3; b, uropods. - 5. Para- themisto gauchicaudi (“short-legged” form), 9; a, per. 3; b, uropods; c, per. 5. - 6. Parathemisto libellula, Q; a, per. 3; b, uropods; c, per. 5. - 7. Parathemisto gracilipes, (first antenna not drawn in full); a, per. 5; b, uropods 3. (Figures 7, 7a and 7b redrawn from HURLEY;Figure 6c original; remainder drawn from SARS.) The limbs of the peraeon, or peraeopods, are here numbered in series from 1 to 7, numbers 1 and 2 being also called “gnathopods”; “per.” = peraeopod. Only the species of the northern part of the North Atlantic are treated here; the Mediterranean species are omitted. The family is still in need of revision. Family Hyperiidae Key to the genera:- la. Per. 5-7 considerably longer than per. 3 and 4. ........................................................ Parathemisto Boeck lb. Per. 5 and 6 longer than 3 and 4; per. 7 much shorter than 5 and 6 ..................Hyperioides longipes Chevreux (not figured) lc. Per. 5-7 not longer than 3 and 4 ....................................................................................... 2 2a. Per. 1 and 2, the fixed finger (onjoint 5) of thechelanot shorter than the movable finger (joint 6). ...Hyperoche medusarum (Kroyer) (Fig. 3) 2b. Per.
  • Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (2012)

    Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (2012)

    FGDC-STD-018-2012 Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard Marine and Coastal Spatial Data Subcommittee Federal Geographic Data Committee June, 2012 Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC-STD-018-2012 Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard, June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS PAGE 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Need ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Scope ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Application ............................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Relationship to Previous FGDC Standards .............................................................. 4 1.6 Development Procedures ......................................................................................... 5 1.7 Guiding Principles ................................................................................................... 7 1.7.1 Build a Scientifically Sound Ecological Classification .................................... 7 1.7.2 Meet the Needs of a Wide Range of Users ......................................................
  • Additions to and Revisions of the Amphipod (Crustacea: Amphipoda) Fauna of South Africa, with a List of Currently Known Species from the Region

    Additions to and Revisions of the Amphipod (Crustacea: Amphipoda) Fauna of South Africa, with a List of Currently Known Species from the Region

    Additions to and revisions of the amphipod (Crustacea: Amphipoda) fauna of South Africa, with a list of currently known species from the region Rebecca Milne Department of Biological Sciences & Marine Research Institute, University of CapeTown, Rondebosch, 7700 South Africa & Charles L. Griffiths* Department of Biological Sciences & Marine Research Institute, University of CapeTown, Rondebosch, 7700 South Africa E-mail: [email protected] (with 13 figures) Received 25 June 2013. Accepted 23 August 2013 Three species of marine Amphipoda, Peramphithoe africana, Varohios serratus and Ceradocus isimangaliso, are described as new to science and an additional 13 species are recorded from South Africa for the first time. Twelve of these new records originate from collecting expeditions to Sodwana Bay in northern KwaZulu-Natal, while one is an introduced species newly recorded from Simon’s Town Harbour. In addition, we collate all additions and revisions to the regional amphipod fauna that have taken place since the last major monographs of each group and produce a comprehensive, updated faunal list for the region. A total of 483 amphipod species are currently recognized from continental South Africa and its Exclusive Economic Zone . Of these, 35 are restricted to freshwater habitats, seven are terrestrial forms, and the remainder either marine or estuarine. The fauna includes 117 members of the suborder Corophiidea, 260 of the suborder Gammaridea, 105 of the suborder Hyperiidea and a single described representative of the suborder Ingolfiellidea.
  • And Hyperia Curticephala (Peracarida: Amphipoda) in Mejillones Bay, Northern Chile

    And Hyperia Curticephala (Peracarida: Amphipoda) in Mejillones Bay, Northern Chile

    Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 45(1): 127-130, abril de 2010 Association between Chrysaora plocamia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) and Hyperia curticephala (Peracarida: Amphipoda) in Mejillones Bay, Northern Chile Asociación entre Chrysaora plocamia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) e Hyperia curticephala (Peracarida: Amphipoda) en Bahía de Mejillones, norte de Chile Marcelo E. Oliva1, Alexis Maffet1 and Jürgen Laudien2 1Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Facultad de Recursos del Mar, Universidad de Antofagasta, P.O. Box 170, Antofagasta, Chile 2Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, D-27568, Bremerhaven, Germany [email protected] Resumen.- Se registra Hyperia curticephala (Amphipoda) parasitoide como ha sido sugerido para asociaciones entre viviendo en asociación con Chrysaora plocamia (Scyphozoa). hypéridos y plancton gelatinoso. Este registro extiende la Cinco ejemplares de C. plocamia presentaron entre 39 y 328 distribución del anfípodo en aproximadamente 18° de latitud especímenes de H. curticephala. No hay evidencia estadística hacia el sur y corresponde al primer registro de un anfípodo de correlación entre diámetro de umbrela y número de asociado con medusas en Chile. anfípodos, gráficamente es evidente una tendencia positiva. H. Palabras clave: Anfípodos hipéridos, sistema de afloramiento curticephala debe considerarse microdepredador y no de la Corriente de Humboldt, microdepredador Introduction plocamia (Lesson, 1830), reaches comparatively high abundances in shallow waters during the warm season Zooplanktivores are an important link between primary (December-February) (pers. observ.). The record of the consumers and higher trophic levels (Thiel et al. 2007). associated hyperiid amphipod Hyperia curticephala Off Chile by far the best studied zooplankton taxa are Vinogradov & Semenova, 1985 is the first from the copepods, euphausids (e.g.
  • The Evolution of Siphonophore Tentilla for Specialized Prey Capture in the Open Ocean

    The Evolution of Siphonophore Tentilla for Specialized Prey Capture in the Open Ocean

    The evolution of siphonophore tentilla for specialized prey capture in the open ocean Alejandro Damian-Serranoa,1, Steven H. D. Haddockb,c, and Casey W. Dunna aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; bResearch Division, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039; and cEcology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 Edited by Jeremy B. C. Jackson, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, and approved December 11, 2020 (received for review April 7, 2020) Predator specialization has often been considered an evolutionary makes them an ideal system to study the relationships between “dead end” due to the constraints associated with the evolution of functional traits and prey specialization. Like a head of coral, a si- morphological and functional optimizations throughout the organ- phonophore is a colony bearing many feeding polyps (Fig. 1). Each ism. However, in some predators, these changes are localized in sep- feeding polyp has a single tentacle, which branches into a series of arate structures dedicated to prey capture. One of the most extreme tentilla. Like other cnidarians, siphonophores capture prey with cases of this modularity can be observed in siphonophores, a clade of nematocysts, harpoon-like stinging capsules borne within special- pelagic colonial cnidarians that use tentilla (tentacle side branches ized cells known as cnidocytes. Unlike the prey-capture apparatus of armed with nematocysts) exclusively for prey capture. Here we study most other cnidarians, siphonophore tentacles carry their cnidocytes how siphonophore specialists and generalists evolve, and what mor- in extremely complex and organized batteries (3), which are located phological changes are associated with these transitions.
  • The 17Th International Colloquium on Amphipoda

    The 17Th International Colloquium on Amphipoda

    Biodiversity Journal, 2017, 8 (2): 391–394 MONOGRAPH The 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda Sabrina Lo Brutto1,2,*, Eugenia Schimmenti1 & Davide Iaciofano1 1Dept. STEBICEF, Section of Animal Biology, via Archirafi 18, Palermo, University of Palermo, Italy 2Museum of Zoology “Doderlein”, SIMUA, via Archirafi 16, University of Palermo, Italy *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] th th ABSTRACT The 17 International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17 ICA) has been organized by the University of Palermo (Sicily, Italy), and took place in Trapani, 4-7 September 2017. All the contributions have been published in the present monograph and include a wide range of topics. KEY WORDS International Colloquium on Amphipoda; ICA; Amphipoda. Received 30.04.2017; accepted 31.05.2017; printed 30.06.2017 Proceedings of the 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17th ICA), September 4th-7th 2017, Trapani (Italy) The first International Colloquium on Amphi- Poland, Turkey, Norway, Brazil and Canada within poda was held in Verona in 1969, as a simple meet- the Scientific Committee: ing of specialists interested in the Systematics of Sabrina Lo Brutto (Coordinator) - University of Gammarus and Niphargus. Palermo, Italy Now, after 48 years, the Colloquium reached the Elvira De Matthaeis - University La Sapienza, 17th edition, held at the “Polo Territoriale della Italy Provincia di Trapani”, a site of the University of Felicita Scapini - University of Firenze, Italy Palermo, in Italy; and for the second time in Sicily Alberto Ugolini - University of Firenze, Italy (Lo Brutto et al., 2013). Maria Beatrice Scipione - Stazione Zoologica The Organizing and Scientific Committees were Anton Dohrn, Italy composed by people from different countries.
  • ANALYSIS of HARRISON BAY ZOOPLANKTON SAMPLES by Rita

    ANALYSIS of HARRISON BAY ZOOPLANKTON SAMPLES by Rita

    ANALYSIS OF HARRISON BAY ZOOPLANKTON SAMPLES by Rita Homer 4211 N.E. 88th Street Seattle, Washington 98115 Final Report Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program Research Unit 359 1 April 1981 167 Methods Zooplankton samples were collected by LGL personnel at eight stations in Harrison Bay (Table 1), 8-9 Aug 1980. All samples were collected with a 0.75 m ring net, mesh size 308 pm. One vertical and one double oblique tow were taken at each station. However, the boat drifted with the wind so most of the vertical tows had some horizontal component as well. Maximum depth of tow was generally 6-9 m. Three apparently benthic samples were also sent to us for analysis. These samples, all from station 5, did not have haul sheets, so we do not know how they were collected. Perhaps they were collected when the plankton net inadvertently dragged along the bottom or perhaps they were sent to us by mistake. We assumed they were benthic samples from the presence of sediment and other debris and the number of burrowing amphipods. Except for the double oblique tow from sta 6 that was split with a Folsom plankton splitter (McEwan et al. 1954), all organisms other than copepods were identified from the whole sample. Copepods were subsampled using an automatic pipet. All sorting and counting were done using dissecting microscopes. Compound microscopes were used to verify identifi- cations when necessary. References used to identify the organisms are listed in Table 2. Equations used to calculate the number of animals per unit volume were: 1.
  • Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in the North East Atlantic Ocean

    Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in the North East Atlantic Ocean

    MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 4: 289-298, 1981 Published March 31 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. I Seasonal Variability in Abundance and Vertical Distribution of Parathemisto gaudichaudi (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in the North East Atlantic Ocean R. Williams and D. Robins Natural Environment Research Council, Institute for Marine Environmental Research. Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PLl 3DH, Devon, England ABSTRACT: Vertical distribution, seasonal and diurnal migrations and seasonal variability in abundance of Parathemisto gaudichaudi were investigated using the Longhurst Hardy Plankton Recorder (LHPR) for a 4-y period (1971 to 1974) at Ocean Weather Station (OWS) 'India' (59" OO'N 19" OO'W) in the north-east Atlantic Ocean. The results from this programme were compared with those from the wider geographical coverage of the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey and placed in the context of an 18-y series of data (1960 to 1977) from the north-east Atlantic Ocean. The results from the CPR survey showed that P. gaudichaudi was widespread over the northern north Atlantic, being most abundant in the Labrador/Greenland current system and in the oceanic area to the west of the UK from June to October, while at OWS 'Ind~a'they were most abundant between July and September. The young juveniles (less than 3 mm in length) accounted for 76 % of the population at OWS 'India'; they were found in the surface waters (0-50 m) during both day and night. There were cunsiderable changes in the vertical distributions of adults by night and day with amplitudes of diurnal migration of 200 m. These migrations would not have been evident if the population had not been divided into size categories to identify the different behaviour patterns exhibited with age.
  • Diet Variability and Reproductive Performance of Macaroni Penguins Eudyptes Chrysolophus at Bird Island, South Georgia

    Diet Variability and Reproductive Performance of Macaroni Penguins Eudyptes Chrysolophus at Bird Island, South Georgia

    Vol. 466: 261–274, 2012 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published October 15 doi: 10.3354/meps09930 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Diet variability and reproductive performance of macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus at Bird Island, South Georgia Claire M. Waluda*, Simeon L. Hill, Helen J. Peat, Philip N. Trathan British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK ABSTRACT: We analysed summer diet and fledging mass of macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia, during the crèche period (January and February) between 1989 and 2010. Crustaceans were the main prey accounting, for over 90% of the diet by mass. Antarctic krill Euphausia superba was the main prey, in 17 out of 22 years. Amphipods Themisto gaudichaudii were the main prey in 1994 and 2009, fish in 2004, and the euphausiids Thysanoessa spp. and Euphausia frigida in 2000. There was no clearly dominant prey group in 1999. Prey diversity and the frequency occurrence of T. gaudichaudii both increased with a decreasing proportion of E. superba in the diet. There was strong evidence that macaroni penguins have a sigmoidal functional response, indicating that this kind of response should be accounted for when devising ecosystem-based management reference points for seabirds. The energy and mass of all euphausiids combined (rather than E. superba in particular) in the diet were the most reliable predictors of chick fledging mass; the correlation between model-predicted and observed values was 0.84. The gross energy content of individual meals was often above aver- age in years when the diets contained fewer euphausiids, but fledging mass was always below average in these years.
  • Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Hyperiidae), with the Description of a New Genus to Accommodate H

    Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Hyperiidae), with the Description of a New Genus to Accommodate H

    Zootaxa 3905 (2): 151–192 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3905.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A47AE95B-99CA-42F0-979F-1CAAD1C3B191 A review of the hyperiidean amphipod genus Hyperoche Bovallius, 1887 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Hyperiidae), with the description of a new genus to accommodate H. shihi Gasca, 2005 WOLFGANG ZEIDLER South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. E-mail [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 151 Introduction . 152 Material and methods . 152 Systematics . 153 Suborder Hyperiidea Milne-Edwards, 1830 . 153 Family Hyperiidae Dana, 1852 . 153 Genus Hyperoche Bovallius, 1887 . 153 Key to the species of Hyperoche Bovallius, 1887 . 154 Hyperoche medusarum (Kröyer, 1838) . 155 Hyperoche martinezii (Müller, 1864) . 161 Hyperoche picta Bovallius, 1889 . 165 Hyperoche luetkenides Walker, 1906 . 168 Hyperoche mediterranea Senna, 1908 . 173 Hyperoche capucinus Barnard, 1930 . 177 Hyperoche macrocephalus sp. nov. 180 Genus Prohyperia gen. nov. 182 Prohyperia shihi (Gasca, 2005) . 183 Acknowledgements . 186 References . 186 Abstract This is the first comprehensive review of the genus Hyperoche since that of Bovallius (1889). This study is based primarily on the extensive collections of the ZMUC but also on more recent collections in other institutions. Seven valid species are recognised in this review, including one described as new to science. Two new characters were discovered; the first two pereonites are partially or wholly fused dorsally and the coxa of pereopod 7 is fused with the pereonite.
  • Ectosymbiotic Behavior of Cancer Gracilis and Its Trophic Relationships with Its Host Phacellophora Camtschatica and the Parasitoid Hyperia Medusarum

    Ectosymbiotic Behavior of Cancer Gracilis and Its Trophic Relationships with Its Host Phacellophora Camtschatica and the Parasitoid Hyperia Medusarum

    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 315: 221–236, 2006 Published June 13 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Ectosymbiotic behavior of Cancer gracilis and its trophic relationships with its host Phacellophora camtschatica and the parasitoid Hyperia medusarum Trisha Towanda*, Erik V. Thuesen Laboratory I, Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington 98505, USA ABSTRACT: In southern Puget Sound, large numbers of megalopae and juveniles of the brachyuran crab Cancer gracilis and the hyperiid amphipod Hyperia medusarum were found riding the scypho- zoan Phacellophora camtschatica. C. gracilis megalopae numbered up to 326 individuals per medusa, instars reached 13 individuals per host and H. medusarum numbered up to 446 amphipods per host. Although C. gracilis megalopae and instars are not seen riding Aurelia labiata in the field, instars readily clung to A. labiata, as well as an artificial medusa, when confined in a planktonkreisel. In the laboratory, C. gracilis was observed to consume H. medusarum, P. camtschatica, Artemia franciscana and A. labiata. Crab fecal pellets contained mixed crustacean exoskeletons (70%), nematocysts (20%), and diatom frustules (8%). Nematocysts predominated in the fecal pellets of all stages and sexes of H. medusarum. In stable isotope studies, the δ13C and δ15N values for the megalopae (–19.9 and 11.4, respectively) fell closely in the range of those for H. medusarum (–19.6 and 12.5, respec- tively) and indicate a similar trophic reliance on the host. The broad range of δ13C (–25.2 to –19.6) and δ15N (10.9 to 17.5) values among crab instars reflects an increased diversity of diet as crabs develop. The association between C.
  • Distribución De Los Anfípodos (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Peracarida) De Los Subórdenes Gammaridea, Caprellidea E Hyperiidea, Presentes En El Archipiélago Cubano

    Distribución De Los Anfípodos (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Peracarida) De Los Subórdenes Gammaridea, Caprellidea E Hyperiidea, Presentes En El Archipiélago Cubano

    Distribución de los anfípodos (crustacea, malacostraca, peracarida) de los subórdenes gammaridea, caprellidea e hyperiidea, presentes en el archipiélago cubano Item Type Journal Contribution Authors Ortiz, M.; Lalana, R. Citation Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, 31 (2), p. 75-90 Download date 27/09/2021 06:30:40 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4520 Rev. Invest. Mar. 31(2):75-90, 2010 DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS ANFÍPODOS (CRUSTACEA, MALACOSTRACA, PERACARIDA) DE LOS SUBÓRDENES GAMMARIDEA, CAPRELLIDEA E HYPERIIDEA, PRESENTES EN EL ARCHIPIÉLAGO CUBANO Manuel Ortiz y Rogelio Lalana Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16 No. 114, Playa, CP 11300, Ciudad Habana, Cuba Autor correspondiente: Email: [email protected] RESUMEN Se presenta la distribución espacial y vertical de las 152 especies (37 familias y 83 géneros) de los anfípodos gammarídeos; de las 11 especies (5 familias y 10 géneros) de caprélideos, así como las 36 especies (14 familias y 22 géneros) de hiperídeos, que se han registrado en el Archipiélago Cubano, desde 1970. Cada especie ha sido situada en una tabla que se corresponde con las ecorregiones marinas de Cuba, donde además se ofrece el número de veces que dicha especie ha sido colectada en cada localidad, así como el tipo de sustrato. Palabras clave: distribución de especies; Amphipoda; ASW, Cuba. ABSTRACT The spatial and vertical distribution of the 152 species (37 families and 83 genera) of the gammaridean amphipods; the 11 species (five families, 10 genera)of the caprellidean amphipods, as well as of the 36 species (14 families and 22 genera) of Hyperiidean amphipod crustaceans recorded for the Cuban waters, from 1970, are given.