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Distribución De Los Anfípodos (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Peracarida) De Los Subórdenes Gammaridea, Caprellidea E Hyperiidea, Presentes En El Archipiélago Cubano

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Distribución De Los Anfípodos (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Peracarida) De Los Subórdenes Gammaridea, Caprellidea E Hyperiidea, Presentes En El Archipiélago Cubano Distribución de los anfípodos (crustacea, malacostraca, peracarida) de los subórdenes gammaridea, caprellidea e hyperiidea, presentes en el archipiélago cubano Item Type Journal Contribution Authors Ortiz, M.; Lalana, R. Citation Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, 31 (2), p. 75-90 Download date 27/09/2021 06:30:40 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4520 Rev. Invest. Mar. 31(2):75-90, 2010 DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS ANFÍPODOS (CRUSTACEA, MALACOSTRACA, PERACARIDA) DE LOS SUBÓRDENES GAMMARIDEA, CAPRELLIDEA E HYPERIIDEA, PRESENTES EN EL ARCHIPIÉLAGO CUBANO Manuel Ortiz y Rogelio Lalana Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16 No. 114, Playa, CP 11300, Ciudad Habana, Cuba Autor correspondiente: Email: [email protected] RESUMEN Se presenta la distribución espacial y vertical de las 152 especies (37 familias y 83 géneros) de los anfípodos gammarídeos; de las 11 especies (5 familias y 10 géneros) de caprélideos, así como las 36 especies (14 familias y 22 géneros) de hiperídeos, que se han registrado en el Archipiélago Cubano, desde 1970. Cada especie ha sido situada en una tabla que se corresponde con las ecorregiones marinas de Cuba, donde además se ofrece el número de veces que dicha especie ha sido colectada en cada localidad, así como el tipo de sustrato. Palabras clave: distribución de especies; Amphipoda; ASW, Cuba. ABSTRACT The spatial and vertical distribution of the 152 species (37 families and 83 genera) of the gammaridean amphipods; the 11 species (five families, 10 genera)of the caprellidean amphipods, as well as of the 36 species (14 families and 22 genera) of Hyperiidean amphipod crustaceans recorded for the Cuban waters, from 1970, are given. Each species was placed in a table according which the Cuban marine ecoregions, adding the number of records and the type of substratum, on each case. Key words: general distribution; Amphipoda; ASW, Cuba. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos por el grupo Por otra parte, en las aguas dulces epigeas de Sistemática de Crustáceos, del laboratorio de cubanas, la única especie existente es Hyalella Ecología, del Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, de azteca. En cuanto a la distribución de Weckelia la Universidad de La Habana, sobre la distribución caeca y Paraweckelia silvai, las dos únicas de los anfípodos cubanos (a veces con otros especies hipogeas, se deberá consultar el trabajo especialistas) desde 1970 hasta el presente. de García-Debrás et al. (1997) Previamente, el trabajo de Shoemaker (1948) MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS registró 11 especies bentónicas (Carinobatea cuspidata, Carinobatea carinata, Ceradocus shear- La Tabla 1 presenta la distribución de los di, Ceradocus sp., Monocorophium acherusicum, anfípodos (Gammaridea, Hyperiidea y Caprellidea) Elasmopus pocillimanus, E. rapax, Grandidierella del archipiélago cubano, de acuerdo a las nueve bonnieroides, Leucothoe spinicarpa, Shomaekerella ecorregiones de la plataforma cubana (propuestas cubensis y Maera inaequipes,) y cinco planctónicas en el “Taller de Ecoregionalización y clasificación (Amphithyrus sculpturatus, Brachyscelus macroce- de habitats marinos en la plataforma cubana”, en pahlus, Hyperia bengalensis, Lycaea pulex, Mayo del 2002), así como con el tipo de sustrato. Tetrathyrus forcipatus) para el sur de la península Los números que se presentan dentro de cada de Guanahacabibes. escaque de la tabla significan el número de veces que la referida especie ha sido encontrada en esa Además, Stebbing (1897), Crawford (1937) y ecorregión en particular. Le siguen las siglas que Barnard (1960), citaron varias especies cubanas, caracterizan el tipo de sustrato correspondiente a pero sin adjudicarles una localidad específica. cada una de ellas (MC, macroalgas; TA, Thalassia 75 Ortiz y Lalana: Distribución de los anfípodos de los subórdenes Gammaridia, Caprellidia e Hyperiidea. testudinum; (RO, roca-coral ; BL, fondo blando; biocellata, realizan incursiones en el medio MA, mangle; ES, esponjas; AS, ascidias; RM, planctónico. raspadora de maderas; PY, playa, PL, planctónica; AP, aguas profundas de mas de 100 m de También, el Suborden Caprellidea aparece con 5 profundidad; PG, Sistema cavernario de Playa familias, 10 géneros y 11 especies. Se trata en este Girón; PA, parásito; DU, dulceacuícola, CA, caso de especies bentónicas incapaces de nadar, cavernícola) por la falta de pleópodos en su abdomen vestigial. Viven colgados a los talos de las macroalgas y los Esta tabla actualiza y sustituye la parte hydrozoos. Se desplazan arqueando y avanzando correspondiente al listado de anfípodos, presenta- su cuerpo, fijando sus gnatópodos prensores, da por Ortiz et al. (2006), en la lista de crustáceos soltando entonces sus patas posteriores del no decápodos. sustrato, para volver a asirse, algo más adelante. Este movimiento recuerda al efectuado por la Dentro de cada suborden, los táxones van hydra (Cnidaria) en su avance. A este grupo de ordenadas alfabéticamente. anfípodos pertenece Cyamus boopis (Familia Cyamidae) que vive fijado a la piel de la ballena, en El sistema de clasificación utilizado es el propuesto una relación de forésis. por Martín y Davis, 2001. Finalmente, el Suborden Hyperiidea está represen- Para conocer más detalles sobre la sistemática y tado en el Archipiélago cubano por 14 familias, 22 distribución general de las especies del Golfo de géneros y 36 especies. Se trata de un grupo México y el Mar Caribe, incluyendo las cubanas, exclusivamente adaptado a la vida planctónica, podrán consultarse los trabajos de Ortiz et al. para lo cual poseen un cuerpo muy hidrodinámico, (2002), Ortiz et al. (2004), Ortiz et al. (2007) y ojos bien desarrollados y pleópodos muy potentes LeCroy et al. (2009), para nadar. Aunque no se han detectado aún en las aguas cubanas, varias de estas especies se RESULTADOS asocian con otras del plancton gelatinoso. Posición Sistemática Especies de cuevas anquialinas: Tres especies de anfípodos se han colectado y descrito hasta el Subphylum Crustacea Brunnich, 1772 momento. Todas provenientes del sistema caverna- Clase Malacostraca Latreille, 1802 rio de Playa Girón, en la costa sur de la provincia Subclase Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892 de Matanzas Superorden Peracarida Calman, 1904 Orden Amphipoda Latreille, 1816 Una sola especie de ciámido (Hyperiidea, Suborden Gammaridea Cyamidae) ha sido encontrado en dos oportuni- Suborden Hyperiidea dades hasta el presente, sobre la piel de dos valle- Suborden Caprellidea nas de la especie Megaptera novaeangliae. Distribución vertical Distribución espacial de las especies. Los resultados alcanzados hasta el presente sobre En la Tabla 1 se presentan los resultados la distribución vertical de las especies. Se ofrecen obtenidos durante las colectas y observaciones ordenados desde la zona supralitoral, tomando en realizadas desde 1970 hasta el presente. La misma cuenta los biotopos presentes en el país, en el se ofrece según los tres subórdenes, las 56 infralitoral, haciendo algunas consideraciones familias, 115 géneros y 199 especies, presentes en sobre las aguas más profundas. Finalmente se el Archipiélago Cubano. hacen algunos comentarios sobre las especies tubícolas, raspadoras, espongícolas planctónicas. En ella podrá apreciarse, que el Suborden Gammaridea, el más numeroso e importante tanto La zona supralitoral, no ha sido estudiada de a nivel mundial, como en las aguas cubanas, está forma exhaustiva con respecto a los anfípodos, aún representado por 37 familias, 83 géneros y 152 así, en la misma solo podrán ser colectados dichos especies. La inmensa mayoría de ellas son crustáceos en las charcas supralitorales. Se trata bentónicas. Solamente Hornellia habanensis, siempre de especies de los géneros Hyale, Synopia ultramarina, Synopia s p. y Tiron Parhyale, Ampithoe y Elasmopus en menor cuantía, 76 Rev. Invest. Mar. 31(2), 2010 las cuales han sido lanzadas a las charcas por el Cheradocus sheardi, Dulichiella appendiculata, aleaje invernal, generalmente.. Eobrolgus spinosus, Batea sp., Parhyalella sp., etc. La colecta de especies de los intersticios de arena Un caso poco usual es el del género Gibberosus supralitoral, está por confirmarse. sp., ya que suele asentarse boca arriba, sobre el fondo blando, gracias a que sus pares de patas dos En la zona litoral o de mareas de casi todas las y tres van dirigidos hacia delante y arriba y los playas cubanas, siempre y cuando existan pares cinco a siete lo hacen hacia arriba y atrás, de acumulados de macroalgas y fanerógamas forma tal que al invertir su cuerpo, filtran su arrojadas por las corrientes, la resaca o las olas, alimento de la columna de agua, con sus largas presentan una cantidad considerable de anfípodos antenas setosas. talitroideos, de los géneros Thethorchestia y Talorchestia. Estos crustáceos conocidos también En el estuario y fondos fangosos en general, los como “pulgas de mar saltadoras”, se caracterizan anfípodos suelen aparecer en grandes cantidades, por presentar sus tres pares de urópodos muy sin embargo en la Bahía de la Habana, con la cortos y poderosos para lograr ejecutar los excepción de la parte externa del canal de entrada, enormes saltos (en relación a su tamaño) que no han aparecido representantes del grupo. En realizan. También no presentan palpos mandibu- primer lugar debe señalarse a Grandidierella lares, para facilitarle la adquisición de su alimento, bonnieroides. Junto a ella suelen encontrarse en este caso de origen vegetal. Basta con levantar o especies típicamente estuarinas, tales como
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