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Cas Des Éleveurs D'ovins De La Wilaya De Djelfa, Algérie, New Pastoral Movements

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Cas Des Éleveurs D'ovins De La Wilaya De Djelfa, Algérie, New Pastoral Movements Sommaire / Contents SYSTÈMES D’ÉLEVAGE ET FILIÈRES LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS AND VALUE CHAINS 3-11 Nouvelles mobilités pastorales : cas des éleveurs d’ovins de la wilaya de Djelfa, Algérie. New pastoral movements: the case of sheep herders in Djelfa Wilaya, Algeria. Gaci D., Huguenin J., Kanoun M., Boutonnet J.-P., Abdelkrim H. (en français) 13-26 Typologie des élevages de dindons au sud du Bénin. Typology of turkey farms in South Benin. Dotché I.O., Baba L.I., Okambawa L.F., Koffi M., Adebo N., Youssao Abdou Karim I. (en français) ENVIRONNEMENT ET TERRITOIRES ENVIRONMENT AND TERRITORIES ISSN 1951-6711 27-35 Vulnérabilité et dynamiques adaptatives des agropasteurs aux mutations cli- Publication du matiques dans la commune de Tchaourou au Bénin. Vulnerability and adaptive dynamics of Centre de coopération internationale agropastoralists to climate change in the commune of Tchaourou in Benin. Djohy G.L., Sounon en recherche agronomique pour le développement Bouko B. (en français) http://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/REMVT http://www.cirad.fr/ PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES ET PRODUITS ANIMAUX Directeur de la publication / Publication Director: ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS Michel Eddi, PDG / President & CEO 37-42 Caractérisation biométrique du Chameau de la steppe (Camelus dromedarius) Rédacteurs en chef / Editors-in-Chief: en Algérie. ) Gilles Balança, Denis Bastianelli, Frédéric Stachurski Biometric characterization of the Steppe Camel (Camelus dromedarius in Algeria. Babelhadj B., Guintard C., Benaissa A., Thorin C. (en français) Rédacteurs associés / Associate Editors: Christian Corniaux, Guillaume Duteurtre, Bernard Faye, Flavie Goutard, Vincent Porphyre RESSOURCES ALIMENTAIRES ET ALIMENTATION Coordinatrice d’édition / Publishing Coordinator: FEED RESOURCES AND FEEDING Marie-Cécile Maraval Secrétaire de rédaction / Editorial Secretary: 43-48 Effets de la complémentation à base de Vitanimal sur les performances laitières Carmen Renaudeau et économiques des vaches Borgou au Bénin. Effects of Vitanimal-based supplementation Traductrices/Translators: on dairy and economic performances of Borgu cows in Benin. Guidimê L.S., Imorou Sidi H., Marie-Cécile Maraval (anglais), Djènontin A.J., Kpérou Gado B.O., Babatoundé S. (en français) Suzanne Osorio-da Cruz (espagnol) Webmestre/Webmaster: Christian Sahut 49-54 Performances zooéconomiques de taurillons de race Borgou complémentés Maquettiste/Layout: Alter ego communication, Aniane, France avec du Vitanimal au Bénin. Weight-gain and economic performance of Borgu bull calves supplemented with Vitanimal in Benin. Guidimê L.S., Kpérou Gado B.O., Djènontin A.J., Imorou Sidi H., Babatoundé S. (en français) COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE / SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD 55-59 Influence du régime alimentaire sur la composition du ver de terre Eudrilus Hassane Adakal (NER), Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux (BEL), Michel Doreau (FRA), Mohammed El Khasmi (MAR), eugeniae. Influence of the diet on the composition of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Byambas P., Philippe Lescoat (FRA), Hamani Marichatou (NER), Douny C., Moula N., Scippo M.-L., Hornick J.-L. (in English) Ayao Missohou (SEN), Harentsoaniaina Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo (MDG), Jeremiah Saliki (USA, CMR), Jeewantee Sunita Santchurn (MUS), SANTÉ ANIMALE ET ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIE Hakim Senoussi (DZA), Taher Sraïri (MAR), ANIMAL HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Hussaini Tukur (NGA), Jean Zoundi (BFA, FRA) 61-69 Tiques du genre Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844 au Sénégal : synthèse hôtes associés, chorologie, et agents pathogènes transmis aux humains et aux animaux. Ticks of the genus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844 in Senegal: Review host associations, chorology, and associated Cirad, Montpellier, mars 2021 human and animal pathogens. Sylla M., Souris M., Gonzalez J.-P. (in English) tropicaux, 2021, 74 (1) des pays et de médecine vétérinaire Revue d’élevage 1 Nouvelles mobilités pastorales : cas des éleveurs d’ovins de la wilaya de Djelfa, Algérie Dihia Gaci 1* Johann Huguenin 2 Mohamed Kanoun 3 Jean-Pierre Boutonnet 4 Hacène Abdelkrim 1 ÈRES Mots-clés Résumé ET FILI ÉLEVAGE Ovin, transhumance, steppe, Les évolutions socioéconomique, démographique, politique et climatique que la système pastoral, Algérie steppe algérienne a connues au cours des dernières décennies ont induit de pro- fondes transformations au niveau des pratiques d’élevage, tout particulièrement Submitted: 11 May 2020 en matière de mobilités pastorales. Cette étude décrit de nouvelles pratiques SYSTÈMES D’ Accepted: 15 September 2020 de mobilité adoptées actuellement par des éleveurs de la région de Djelfa. Elle ■ Published: 1 March 2021 s’est basée sur 59 entretiens semi-directifs réalisés entre 2014 et 2016 auprès DOI: 10.19182/remvt.36324 d’éleveurs dans différentes zones d’accueil. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence une diversité de pratiques pastorales relative à la distance parcourue durant un cycle annuel, au calendrier, à l’itinéraire de transhumance et au passage ou non par le terroir d’attache. Ces mobilités pouvaient varier d’une année à l’autre ou au cours de la vie d’un éleveur. Cette étude a montré que de nouvelles formes d’adaptation au contexte changeant de la steppe algérienne pouvaient être mises en œuvre par les éleveurs par le moyen de nouvelles mobilités de grande distance. Nos résultats soulignent le renouvellement des formes de mobilité pastorale malgré le resserrement de l’espace et montrent que la sédentarisation n’est pas l’unique forme d’adaptation des populations pastorales aux change- ments. ■ Comment citer cet article : Gaci D., Huguenin J., Kanoun M., Boutonnet J.-P., Abdelkrim H., 2021. New pastoral movements: the case of sheep herders in Djelfa Wilaya, Algeria. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop., 74 (1): 3-11, doi: 10.19182/remvt.36324 ■ INTRODUCTION recherche de températures plus clémentes et de pâturages (Boukhobza, 1982 ; Chellig, 1992 ; Bourbouze, 2006 ; Nedjraoui et Bédrani, 2008). La mobilité a de tout temps constitué un important pilier dans la capa- Ces mobilités ont pour but d’assurer, au long des saisons, des ressources cité d’adaptation des sociétés pastorales méditerranéennes face aux pâturées pour le cheptel (Rondia, 2006 ; Bencherif, 2011). contraintes de leurs milieux (Nori, 2017). La littérature consacrée au pas- Au cours des dernières décennies, la steppe algérienne a connu une toralisme ovin de la steppe algérienne décrit classiquement deux grands évolution profonde. Sa population humaine a triplé en passant de déplacements pendulaires : la Achaba qui est le déplacement estival vers 4 millions d’habitants en 1977 à 12 millions en 2010 (ONS, 2011), les régions telliennes au nord de la steppe, et la Azaba, qui est le dépla- augmentant la pression des usages agricoles (élevage et culture) et non cement hivernal des troupeaux vers les régions présahariennes pour la agricoles sur les terres de parcours. Par ailleurs, les effectifs d’ani- maux présents sur ces parcours sont eux aussi passés de 6 millions en 1. Ecole nationale supérieure agronomique d’El Harrach, avenue Hassan Badi, El Harrach, Alger, Algérie. 1968 à 18 millions en 2009 (Yabrir et al., 2015) ce qui aurait contri- 2. CIRAD, UMR SELMET, F-34398 Montpellier, France. bué à la régression de la disponibilité fourragère spontanée dans la SELMET, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France. steppe (Le Houérou, 1995 ; Daoudi et al., 2013 ; Hammouda et al., 3. Institut national de recherche agronomique Algérie, Djelfa. 2013). Les réformes foncières successives ont permis une expansion 4. INRA, UMR SELMET, F-34060 Montpellier, France. importante des cultures, des villes et des bourgs au détriment des SELMET, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France. pâturages et des couloirs de transhumance. L’usage massif d’apport * Auteur pour la correspondance de concentré, notamment de l’orge, dans la ration alimentaire des ani- Email : [email protected] maux, ainsi que l’association de l’agriculture au pastoralisme (pâtu- rage de chaume, d’orge sinistrée, de jachère, entre autres) a permis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ à certains éleveurs de garantir l’alimentation de leurs animaux sans tropicaux, 2021, 74 (1) : 3-11 des pays et de médecine vétérinaire Revue d’élevage 3 New pastoral mobility in Algeria effectuer régulièrement de grands déplacements, pour se contenter de une zone de transit entre les hautes plaines du sud de l’Atlas tellien et pâturages collectifs et privatifs disponibles dans leur wilaya d’origine les parcours sahariens. Sa superficie est de 33 236 kilomètres carrés (Aïdoud et al. 2006 ; Ghozlane et al., 2009). Cet ensemble de chan- avec environ 85 % de parcours steppiques. Cette région est aussi connue gements que la steppe a connus ces dernières décennies a fortement pour être la première productrice de viande ovine en Algérie avec un réduit les grands déplacements de troupeaux (Abbad et Genin, 2004). cheptel qui dépasserait 3,5 millions d’ovins, soit 14 % du cheptel natio- nal, faisant de cette wilaya la première en termes d’effectifs ovins dans Toutefois, selon Kanoun (2016), les grandes mobilités seraient toujours le pays (Kanoun, 2007). Elle possède le plus gros marché à bestiaux où d’actualité dans les systèmes d’élevage pastoraux et agropastoraux se rencontrent les éleveurs et les demandeurs (Atchemdi, 2008). L’acti- des régions steppiques algériennes comme l’une des voies possibles vité d’élevage constitue la principale source de revenus de la population d’adaptation de ces systèmes aux changements. La mobilité de longue locale.
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