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OSCE Yearbook 2019 Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH (ed.) OSCE Yearbook 2019 Yearbook on the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Edited by the IFSH in co-operation with Pál Dunay, George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, Garmisch-Partenkirchen P. Terrence Hopmann, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, Washington Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Member of the Executive Board of the European Leadership Network, Warsaw Andrei Zagorski, Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Moscow Editor-in-Chief: Ursel Schlichting, Hamburg Translator/Editor: Caroline Taylor, Hamburg Nomos BUT_OSCE_2019_6500-3_HC.indd 3 11.05.20 09:52 Articles of the OSCE Yearbook are indexed in World Affairs Online (WAO), accessible via the IREON portal. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de ISBN 978-3-8487-6500-3 (Print) 978-3-7489-0642-1 (ePDF) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-3-8487-6500-3 (Print) 978-3-7489-0642-1 (ePDF) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg/IFSH (ed.) OSCE Yearbook 2019 Yearbook on the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) IFSH 346 pp. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN 978-3-8487-6500-3 (Print) 978-3-7489-0642-1 (ePDF) Onlineversion 1. Edition 2020 © Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, Germany 2020. Printed and bound in Germany. This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to “Verwertungs gesellschaft Wort”, Munich. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Nomos or the editor. BUT_OSCE_2019_6500-3_HC.indd 4 11.05.20 09:52 &RQWHQWV Miroslav Lajþák 7KH6ORYDN26&(&KDLUPDQVKLSLQ$Q$SSHDOIRU 6WURQJHU0XOWLODWHUDOLVPDQG0RUH'LDORJXH Ursel Schlichting 3UHIDFH ,6WDWHVRI$IIDLUV±$IIDLUVRI6WDWH The OSCE and European Security Thomas Greminger 6XVWDLQLQJ3HDFH6XVWDLQLQJ'HYHORSPHQW±7KH5ROHRIWKH26&( Heinz Gärtner (XURSH¶V*RDO6KRXOG%H+HOVLQNL Vladimir F. Pryakhin +DPEXUJ)RUW\<HDUV/DWHU )RUWKHWK$QQLYHUVDU\RIWKH&6&(26&(6FLHQWLILF)RUXP The OSCE Participating States: Domestic Developments and Multilateral Commitment Ekaterina Dorodnova 7KH*UHDW([SHFWDWLRQVRIWKH$UPHQLDQ5HYROXWLRQ 'HPRFUDF\Y6WDELOLW\" Thomas Kunze 3ROLWLFDO6XFFHVVLRQLQ&HQWUDO$VLD7KH([DPSOH RI.D]DNKVWDQ Vadym Vasiutynskyi 7KH3V\FKRORJLFDO'LPHQVLRQVRIWKH'HVDFUDOL]DWLRQ RISRVW6RYLHW3RZHULQ8NUDLQH)URPD&RPPXQLVW ,GHRORJLVWWRDQ$FWRU&RPHGLDQ ,,5HVSRQVLELOLWLHV,QVWUXPHQWV0HFKDQLVPV DQG3URFHGXUHV Conflict Prevention and Dispute Settlement Cono Giardullo/Walter Dorn/Danielle Stodilka 7HFKQRORJLFDO,QQRYDWLRQLQWKH26&( 7KH6SHFLDO0RQLWRULQJ0LVVLRQLQ8NUDLQH Günther Baechler 8VLQJWKH6WDWXV4XRDVDQ2SSRUWXQLW\ 26&(&RQIOLFW0DQDJHPHQW([HPSOLILHGE\WKH6RXWK&DXFDVXV Elia Bescotti $1RQ5HVROXWLRQ/LPER%HWWHU6WDWXV4XRWKDQ6HWWOHG" *HRUJLDQ7HUULWRULDO,QWHJULW\5XVVLDQ6HFXULW\,QWHUHVWV DQGWKH6WDWXVRI'H)DFWR6WDWHVLQWKH3HDFH3URFHVV William H. Hill 0ROGRYD7UDQVGQLHVWULD3URJUHVVDQG3ROLWLFDO&ULVLV Namig Abbasov 6WLOO:DWHUV5XQ'HHS)HGHUDO5HJLRQDODQG /RFDO'LPHQVLRQVRI&RQIOLFWLQWKH1RUWK&DXFDVXV Comprehensive Security: The Three Dimensions and Cross-Dimensional Challenges Anita Danka 7KH&RQWULEXWLRQRI2',+5¶V$VVHPEO\0RQLWRULQJWR )UHHGRPRI3HDFHIXO$VVHPEO\LQWKH26&(5HJLRQ Harlem Désir 6DIHW\RI-RXUQDOLVWVDVD3ULRULW\IRUWKH26&( Kurt P. Tudyka :KHUH,VWKH26&(¶V&XOWXUDO(QJDJHPHQW" 3URPLVHG±WR%H)RUJRWWHQRU$ZDNHQHG±WR %H5HQHZHG"$Q,QWHUMHFWLRQ Esra Buttanri &OLPDWH&KDQJH*OREDO6HFXULW\DQGWKH26&( ,,,2UJDQL]DWLRQDO$VSHFWV OSCE Institutions and Structures Lamberto Zannier/Eleonora Lotti ,QWHJUDWLRQRI'LYHUVH6RFLHWLHVDVD7RROIRU&RQIOLFW 3UHYHQWLRQ±7KH([SHULHQFHRIWKH26&(+LJK&RPPLVVLRQHU RQ1DWLRQDO0LQRULWLHV External Relations and Influence Loïc Simonet 7ZHQW\<HDUVDIWHUWKH,VWDQEXO3ODWIRUPIRU&RRSHUDWLYH6HFXULW\ +RZ&DQWKH26&(¶V&RQWULEXWLRQWR³(IIHFWLYH0XOWLODWHUDOLVP´ %H6WUHQJWKHQHGWKURXJK&RRSHUDWLRQZLWK2WKHU,QWHUQDWLRQDO DQG5HJLRQDO2UJDQL]DWLRQV" Anastasiya Bayok &KDOOHQJHVDQG7KUHDW3HUFHSWLRQV5HJDUGLQJ &HQWUDO$VLDLQ&KLQDDQGWKH(8 $QQH[HV )RUPVDQG)RUXPVRI&RRSHUDWLRQLQWKH26&($UHD 7KH26&(3DUWLFLSDWLQJ6WDWHV±)DFWVDQG)LJXUHV 26&(&RQIHUHQFHV0HHWLQJVDQG(YHQWV 26&(6HOHFWHG%LEOLRJUDSK\ $EEUHYLDWLRQV &RQWULEXWRUV Miroslav Lajþák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± ZKHWKHUELJRUVPDOOOLNHPLQGHGRUQRW±WRGLVFXVVDFRRSHUDWLYHDSSURDFK WRVHFXULW\ :KHQ6ORYDNLDWRRNRYHUIURP,WDO\WROHDGWKH26&(LQZHGLGVR GHHSO\KXPEOHGE\WKHJUHDWKRQRXUDQGWKHWUXVWWKDWKDGEHHQSODFHGLQD VPDOOQDWLRQOLNHRXUVEXWDOVRIXOO\DZDUHRIWKHJUHDWUHVSRQVLELOLW\LWHQ WDLOHG:HGLGQRWHQWHULQWRWKLVQDLYHO\WKLQNLQJZHFRXOGFKDQJHWKHIDWHRI PXOWLODWHUDOFRRSHUDWLRQWKHUHJLRQRUWKH2UJDQL]DWLRQLQRQO\RQH\HDU%XW GHVSLWH WKHVH QDWXUDO OLPLWDWLRQV ZH ZHUH GHWHUPLQHG WR PDNH D GLIIHUHQFH ZKHUHLWUHDOO\PDWWHUV±IRUWKHSHRSOHRQWKHJURXQGWRRSHQXSQHZVSDFHV IRUGLDORJXHWRUHFRPPLWWRWKHEDVLFVZHPD\IRUJHWDWWLPHVDQGZHGLGVR IXOO\DZDUHWKDWWKHVWDNHVZHUHKLJK6RLQZHJXLGHGRXUZRUNIRU SHRSOHGLDORJXHDQGVWDELOLW\LQWKH26&(UHJLRQIRFXVLQJRQWKUHHDUHDV Ongoing Conflicts in Europe – Alarming Trends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±PRVWRI WKHPHOGHUO\±KDGWRJRWKURXJKLQFURVVLQJWKHEULGJH%HFDXVHRIWKHGDPDJH GRQHWRWKHEULGJHE\WKHFRQIOLFWVLPSOHWDVNVOLNHFROOHFWLQJSHQVLRQVRUVHHN LQJKHDOWKFDUHSXWSHRSOH¶VOLYHVLQGDQJHU7KLV1RYHPEHUKRZHYHUDIWHULQ WHQVHQHJRWLDWLRQWKHGDPDJHGEULGJHZDVUHSDLUHGDQGWKH\FDQQRZFURVVLQ VDIHW\DQGZLWKGLJQLW\±DQLPSRUWDQWV\PERORISURJUHVVDQGKRSH :HKDYHDOVRVHHQSURJUHVVWKURXJKRXURWKHUKXPDQLWDULDQ&%0V$IWHU IRXUWULSVWR8NUDLQHDV26&(&KDLUSHUVRQ,FDQDWWHVWWRWKHJUHDWZRUNEHLQJ GRQHRQWKHJURXQGE\WKH7ULODWHUDO&RQWDFW*URXS 7&* DQGWKH6SHFLDO 0RQLWRULQJ0LVVLRQWR8NUDLQH 600 WRFRQWLQXHWRDOOHYLDWHWKHVXIIHULQJ RISHRSOH,QIDFWWKHPRUHWKDQ600PRQLWRUVXQGHUWKHQHZOHDGHU VKLS RI $PEDVVDGRU <DúDU +DOLW dHYLN DUH WKH H\HV DQG HDUV RI WKH LQWHU QDWLRQDOFRPPXQLW\RQWKHJURXQG ,QZHDOVRZLWQHVVHGZKDWQRQHRIXVSUHGLFWHGWKHSRZHURISROL WLFDOZLOOZLWKWKHODQGVOLGHYLFWRU\RI3UHVLGHQW9RORG\P\U=HOHQVN\DQGKLV ILUPGHWHUPLQDWLRQWRHQGWKHZDULQWKHHDVW6LQFHWKHQZHKDYHVHHQXQSUHF HGHQWHGSROLWLFDOSURJUHVVFXOPLQDWLQJLQWKHILUVW1RUPDQG\)RXU6XPPLWLQ 3DULVLQWKUHH\HDUVZLWKFRQFUHWHRXWFRPHVVXFKDVFHDVLQJILUHDGGLWLRQDO GLVHQJDJHPHQWDQGDVHFRQGH[FKDQJHRIGHWDLQHHVZKLFKZLOOEHIROORZHG E\DQRWKHUPHHWLQJLQIRXUPRQWKV¶WLPH$OORIWKHVHUHSUHVHQWUHDOVWHSVWR ZDUGVLPSOHPHQWLQJRXUEHVWDQGRQO\FKDQFHDWDSROLWLFDOVROXWLRQWKH0LQVN $JUHHPHQWV$QGZHQHHGWRNHHSWKLVH[WUHPHO\LPSRUWDQWPRPHQWXPDOLYH 8QIRUWXQDWHO\8NUDLQHLVQRWWKHRQO\KRPHWRKRVWLOLWLHVLQ(XURSH3HR SOHHOVHZKHUHFRQWLQXHWRVXIIHUWKHDGYHUVHLPSDFWRIXQUHVROYHGFRQIOLFWV :KHQLWFRPHVWR1DJRUQR.
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