Språkanalyse Av Idrettsterminologi I Skiskyting

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Språkanalyse Av Idrettsterminologi I Skiskyting Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav germanistiky, nordistiky a nederlandistiky Norský jazyk a literatura Šárka Stejskalová Språkanalyse av idrettsterminologi i skiskyting Bakalářská diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Bohumila Mia Chocholoušová Fagertun, M.A. 2018 Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně s využitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. ……………………………… Podpis autora práce 2 Jeg vil gjerne takke min veileder PhDr. Bohumila Mia Chocholoušová Fagertun M.A. for hennes hjelpsomhet, hjelp og støtte, doc. PhDr. Miluše Juříčková, CSc. for hennes hjelpsomhet og innsats. Jeg vil også takke min universitetslektor Ilka Wunderlich ved Universitetet i Bergen for språkkorreksjon. 3 INNHOLD 1. INNLEDNING .................................................................................................................................... 5 2. FRAMGANGSMÅTE AV DATASAMLING ..................................................................................... 7 2.1 KVANTITATIV OVERSIKT OVER IDRETTSTERMINOLOGI ............................................... 8 3. TEORETISKE ANALYSEN AV UTVALGTE KATEGORIER ......................................................... 9 3.1 SUBSTANTIV .............................................................................................................................. 9 3.2 VERB .......................................................................................................................................... 10 3.3 ADJEKTIV OG ADVERB ......................................................................................................... 13 3.4 ORDLAGING ............................................................................................................................. 13 3.4.1 FREMMEDORD OG LÅNORD......................................................................................... 14 3.4.2 FORKORTELSER .............................................................................................................. 15 3.4.3 SAMMENSATTE ORD ...................................................................................................... 16 3.5 KALLENAVN ............................................................................................................................ 18 3.6 FAGORD .................................................................................................................................... 18 3.7 SLANG ....................................................................................................................................... 19 4. ANALYSEN AV DET TSJEKKISK MATERIALET ....................................................................... 20 4.1 FAGORD .................................................................................................................................... 20 4.2 VERB .......................................................................................................................................... 22 4.3 FREMMEDORD ........................................................................................................................ 23 4.4 LÅNORD .................................................................................................................................... 24 4.5 FORKORTELSER ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.6 KALLENAVN ............................................................................................................................ 26 4.7 SLANG ....................................................................................................................................... 27 5. ANALYSEN AV DET NORSK MATERIALET ............................................................................... 29 5.1 FAGORD .................................................................................................................................... 29 5.1.1 SAMMENSATTE ORD LAGET AV TO OG FLERE ENHETER ..................................... 30 5.1.2 ANDRE SUBSTANTIVER ................................................................................................. 31 5.2 VERB .......................................................................................................................................... 32 5.3 FREMMEDORD ........................................................................................................................ 33 5.4 LÅNORD .................................................................................................................................... 33 5.5 FORKORTELSER ...................................................................................................................... 34 5.6 KALLENAVN ............................................................................................................................ 34 5.7 SLANG ....................................................................................................................................... 35 6. SAMMENLIGNING AV RESULTATER ......................................................................................... 36 7. KONKLUSJON ................................................................................................................................ 40 8. RESUMÉ........................................................................................................................................... 41 9. LITTERATUR ................................................................................................................................... 42 10. VEDLEGG 1 ................................................................................................................................... 50 11. VEDLEGG 2 ................................................................................................................................... 54 4 1. INNLEDNING Denne bacheloroppgaven handler om språkanalysen av idrettsterminologi i skiskyting. Dette temaet ble valgt på grunn av den økende populariteten av skiskyting i Tsjekkia. Målet er hovedsakelig å flytte dagens skiskytingsperspektiv nærmere til andre, å gi oversikt over terminologien både på norsk og tsjekkisk og å sammenligne forskjellige uttrykk mellom de to grupper. Jeg forsøker å finne ut tsjekkisk og norsk idrettsterminologi i skiskyting, norske slanguttrykk (om det finnes) og andre kategorier. Hovedemnen til bacheloroppgaven fokuserer på ordlaging, særlig når det gjelder sammensetning, fremmedord og lånord, forkortelser, slang, fagord og kallenavn. Kanskje vil skiskyting takket være denne oppgaven gripe et større antall mennesker som i dag bare har få kunnskaper om denne interessante og attraktive idretten. Skiskyting eller på tsjekkisk „biatlon“ er kombinasjonen av langrenn og skyting. Den oppsto av militær trening av norske soldater. Den første kjente konkurransen foregikk på 1800-tallet. Deretter ble skiskyting til alternativ trening for militæret i hele landet. I Norge har denne vinteridretten høy status og er veldig populær hos de fleste nordmenn. Det finnes skiskytterlandslag overalt i landet. De beste skiskytterne som Ole Einar Bjørndalen eller Johannes Thignes Bø kommer fra Norge og får stadig beste plasseringer. Som sagt har skiskytingen i Norge høy status. Den bringer mennesker, kulturer og nasjoner nærmere hverandre. Et stort flertall av nordmenn besøker regelmessig Verdenscuper som foregår i mange europeiske land som Tyskland, Østerrike, Italia eller Tsjekkia. Skiskyting er svært populær i Tyskland og Østerrike. Tilstedeværelsen av nordmenn i innenlandske konkurranser er nesten regelen. De tilbringer hele dagen i den mest populære bydelen i Norge for å drive idrett eller å se på sine favoritter. Bydelen kalles Holmenkollen og er også en av de meste besøkte severdighetene i hele Norge. Jeg har alltid vært interessert i skiskyting. Interessen min kom ikke med suksessen til de tsjekkiske skiskytterne. Det var nordmennene som brakte meg til skiskyting og viste meg et vakkert land – Norge. Derfor har jeg valgt studiet i norsk språk, litteratur og kultur. Som følge skriver jeg bacheloroppgaven min om terminologien i skiskyting. Budskapet er først og fremst forbindelsen mellom studiet og interessen. Oppgaven begynner med kapitlet om framgangsmåten ved datainnsamlingen, det vil si hvordan uttrykkene ble samlet. Det er beskrevet og sammenlignet forskjellige måter av datainnsamlingen av både tsjekkiske og norske uttrykk. 5 På slutten av dette kapitlet følger en kvantitativ oversikt over idrettsterminologi. I tabellen er det angitt enkelte kategorier av ord og deres vedkommende tall for en bedre og oversiktligere sammenligning. Denne oppgaven er delt inn i to hoveddeler. Den første delen er teoretisk. Jeg fokuserer på ordklasser som substantiv og verb, fagord, slang, kallenavn og orddannelse. Kapitlet om ordlaging handler hovedsakelig om forkortelser, fremmedord og lånord og sammensatte ord. Det er karakterisert og beskrevet enkelte kategorier. De teoretiske kategoriene ble valgt etter uttrykkene som har blitt samlet. Flere eksempler er angitt i tabeller eller i teksten i alle kapitler. Den andre delen inneholder praktisk informasjon om uttrykkene. Jeg analyserer det samlete materialet etter de forskjellige gruppene det hører til og henviser to hovedordlister over norske og tsjekkiske uttrykk. Ved alle kapitler er angitt norske og tsjekkiske uttrykk i eksempelsetninger med oversettelse. De ble tatt ut av flere artikler. Uttrykkene er kjennetegnet og forklart. Denne praktiske delen
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