HAU STORIUM Parasitic Newsletter Official Organ of the International Parasitic Seed Research Group

May 1997 ...... Number 32

0 0 WHAT HAPPENED TO A Review of Strigu Control in Sorghum HAUSTORIUM? and Millet was held at ICRISAT, Samanko, Mali on 27-28 May 1996. Participants from The editors apologize for the delay in publishing National Agricultural Research Programs in HAUSTORIUM 32. The good news is that we have West and Southern Africa; Universities and received support from the Food and Agriculture Research Institutes in UK, Germany and Organization for HAUSTORIUM. This has enabled us USA; as well as ICRISAT scientists from to upgrade computer capabilities and develop a home Africa and India attended the two-day meet- page. But we still very much need contributions from ing. The review was based on a series of you! And we still need long term financial support. papers which summarized and synthesized the present status of research on methodolo- gies for control of Strigu in sorghum and WE’RE ON THE WORLD millet. This was complemented by working WIDE WEB!! groups which critically reviewed ICRISAT’s past and present efforts on Strigu control HAUSTORIUM now has its own homepage! Find and made priority recommendations on us at the Old Dominion University homepage: future research needs to improve the focus www.odu.edu Select College of Sciences, the Depart- and organization of the research and collab- ment of Biological Sciences, then faculty, then Mussel- oration with existing and new partners man. At the end of the Musselman page click on (NARS, IARCs, ARIs, NGOs etc.). HAUSTORIUM. This homepage will be updated regu- larly. You can contact us electronically at: The main recommendations of the [email protected]. review included the reinforcement of ICRI- SAT’S strategy to develop integrated control methodologies; the need for ICRISAT to 0 THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL place more emphasis on Strigu in sorghum; SYMPOSIUM the need to enhance collaborative linkages ON PARASITIC WEEDS for strategic research especially related to better understanding of variability within Possible venues and dates for the next parasitic major Strigu spp. for developing sound weed symposium were discussed at Cordoba. Norfolk, strategies for resistance breeding and devel- Virginia was suggested as a possible site. The date is oping improved screening methodologies yet to be determined but is very tentatively planned through the use of existing bioassays and for May 1999. Suggestions and offers for sponsorship molecular marker technology; the need to are eagerly sought! develop a well-balanced, multi-disciplinary team in West Africa; and the importance of supporting the Parasitic Weeds Theme of 0 ICRISAT Strigu Review the System-wide IPM Initiative to foster col- laboration with IITA and CIMMYT. A pro-

PUBLISHED BY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY Haustorium 32

ceedings from the review is being prepared Strobilanthes species which are common for publication by ICRISAT in 1997. sub-shrubs in the area. In India both C. cal- carata and C. neilgherrica are reported to. J. Lenne, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India be parasitic on Strobilunthes spp. (Hooker, 1850). Very little has been published on the genus since it was first described by 0 A ROOT PARASITE FROM THE Gardner in 1847 who recognized seven UPLANDS OF SRI LANKA species. Several additions have been made to the genus subsecpently and at least three During a recent visit to Sri Lanka it was are endemic to Sri Lanka. There are two possible to travel to some of the higher alti- closely related parasitic genera Aeginetia tude areas in the center of the island, where and Campbellia and the taxonomic bound- the world-famous tea industry is based. The aries between them are not clear and simi- natural sub-montane flora in the 2000-2500 larly, there is no agreement on the species m range bears a striking similarity to the limits within Christisonia. Christisonia Himalayan flora found at a similar altitude aurantiaca is considered synonymous with in Nepal some 1400 miles to the north. In C. bicolor but this is not apparent from the both habitats the majestic illustrations in Wight or from Gardners arboreum is a dominant tree species and the original descriptions. large species of Magnolia of the middle Himalayas are mimicked by Michelia nilagi- There appears to be almost no informa- rica in Sri Lanka. Among the sub-shrubs tion on this group of plants in modern liter- Berberis zeylanica is a reminder of the ature. There are illustrations of C. calcarata gaudy yellow flowered Himalayan species in Wight 1885 and of C. aurantiaca and C. Mahonia napaulensis which has contributed lawii in Neilgherry Plants published in so much to the genetic foundation of the 1893. Wight was also impressed by the varieties of Mahonia favored by horticultur- beauty of these plants and suggested that alist s. they could be as popular in cultivation as orchids were it not for their parasitic habit. a This tlwarf montane forest is engulfed He predicted that one day they would by cloud for large parts of the year and it is become popular horticultural subjects but to thought to intercept significant amounts of date this has not happened. precipitation. Experiments are currently underway to quantify the contribution of The stem is a flattened structure partial- this interception to the soil water balance ly submerged in the soil but appearing cob- and its importance to the water economy of bled and uneven from the numerous large the upper Mahaweli river catchment. It was flower buds on the surface. Flowers appear while inspecting the site of an experiment in singly or in small groups. They are tubular this montane forest that the striking root up to 5 cm. in length opening to a weakly parasite Christisonia bicolor was spotted. defined bilabiate mouth. The throat of the Christisonia has one of the largest and most corolla is deeply purple fading to white at spectacular flowers I have seen in the Oro- the margins. The style is very persistent banchaceae. The genus is confined to Asia with a large clavate, papillose stigma up to and most records are from south India and 75 mm broad. Styles remain erect from the Sri Lanka (the only Himalayan collection - a flattened stem after the corolla has disap- single collection from Sikkim - has been C. peared and the viscid stigma remains pendu- hookeri, interestingly) though it extends to lous with several in various stages of maturi- China in the North to Burma, the Philip- ty. Anthers are in two pairs with pines and Peninsular Malaysia in the East. pronounced spurs articulating on the tips of Clumps of Christisonia bicolor can be found the filaments at their centers. There appears among the dark understory of the mature to be no chlorophyll in any part of the forest. Trimen in the Handbook Flora of plant. The pollination biology of this pecul- Ceylon records that it is parasitic on the iar plant can only be guessed but the viscid roots of Acanthaceae. These are likely to be a Page 2 f Haustorium 32

persistent stigmata might be attractive to tative of the main sponsors, the Directorate slugs or to snails. General of Agricultural Research, Consejero de Agricultura y Pesca, Junta de Andalucia. [For beautiful line drawings of these plants, Professor Jose Cubero then treated us to a a see HAUSTORIUM 32 on the Web] thought- provoking review of the progress and content of the six symposia so far. Philip Bacon, Oxford Forestry Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, The first invited lecture, presented by Oxford, UK Dan Nickrent, showed how new molecular techniques using ribosomal RNA, could be used to clarify the evolutionary and phylo- genetic relationships between and within FOURTH INTERNATIONAL different families of parasitic plants. Results WORKSHOP ON OROBANCHE have suggested a reappraisal of several of RESEARCH these relationships and confirmed many oth- ers. A number of other papers pursued the This symposium is scheduled for 23-26 same theme, using both molecular and more September 1998 in Albena, Bulgaria and is traditional cladistic techniques. These tend- sponsored by the Institute for Wheat and ed to confirm the possible separation of the Sunflower in Bulgaria. The institute is a 'agrestal' Striga asiatica from other closely leading center for Orobanche research in related taxa such as S. hirsuta and S. Zutea, sunflower. Sessions will include germination, while suggesting a relatively close relation- physiology, growth and development, resis- ship between s. hermonthica and s. aspera, tance and other topics of interest to parasi- the former perhaps representing another tic plant researchers. Albena is a small 'agrestal species' derived from the latter resort city on the beautiful Bulgarian Black (invited paper by Mohamed, Musselman and Sea coast. For further information contact others). The concept of agrestal species the Technical Secretariat for the sysymposi- might also be applied to the Old World Oro- um at fax number (359) 058 26364. banche cernualcumana which has relatively 0 recently evolved to attack New World spec- ies such as sunflower, tomato and tobacco. SIXTH INTERNATIONAL PARASITIC The separation of this pair of species, as WEEDS SYMPOSIUM well as the 0. ramosalaegyptiaca pair appeared to be justified by several of the The Sixth International Symposium was studies. A workshop devoted to the topic of successfully held in Cordoba from 16 to 18 molecular biology provided useful reminders April. About 150 delegates and their spous- of its potential but also of the need for care- es attended from at least 30 countries, and ful selection of technique to match the enjoyed what must have been the cultural objectives of the study. In the most detailed highlight of our series so far, as well as a review of the subject to date, Jose Cubero scientific programme to equal any. The came to valuable conclusions on the rela- meetings were held in the exquisite atmos- tionships within , based on phere of the Palacio de Congressos only just c ytogenetic studies. outside the walls of the ancient mosque, but the facilities were very much up-to-date. Turning to more conventional morphol- Just over 100 papers were accepted for ogy and development, there were welcome publication in the attractive Proceedings descriptions of less familiar parasites, entitled 'Advances in including an excellent invited paper from Research' which was available on arrival. Alfredo Cocucci on Prosopanche (Hydnora- About half these were presented orally, the ceae) in Argentina. Other papers touched remainder as posters. upon Rhamphicarpa, Thesium, Santalum and Arnyema, trichomes in Striga, tuberisa- The meeting was opened by a represen-

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tion in Orobanche, predation and redistri- Vicia while Riches reported encouraging bution of Orobanche seeds by soil fauna, progress in the search for resistance to Stri- while a further novelty was a time-lapse vid- ga spp. in rice and Scharpf corresponding eo showing the strange circumnutations of progress in the (very long) process of devel Viscum album, as it arrives at the most effi- oping resistance to Arceuthobium in ponde-4 cient arrangement of its branches for light rosa pine. interception (R. Dorka). Papers on biocontrol were discussed in a Papers on host/parasite relationships workshop session, at which serious doubts were introduced by an invited lecture from were expressed over the practicality and Klaus Wegmann (not included in the Pro- economics of the use of Fusarium spp. as ceedings), followed later by one on nitrogen mycoherbicides, whether for Striga or Oro- effects by Arnold Pieterse and that by Dan- banche. However, the importance of natural ny Joel on the haustorium and resistance soil suppression (by bacteria, as well as fun- mechanisms. The effects of nitrogen on ger- gi) was also emphasized and hopes expressed mination continue to attract attention, while that ways could be found to enhance this the work of Malcom Press and colleagues phenomenon, which is presumed to be reinforces the idea of a role for N in pro- responsible for surprising declines in soil tecting the host from damage. This team also seed counts of S. hermonthica in some stud- demonstrated clearly how the influence of ies in Kenya. Striga on cereal hosts involves a great deal more than the mere removal of carbon For more direct control, the most novel metabolites (which can explain most of the results have been with herbicides applied as effects of Orobanche on tobacco and tomato) seed-dressings, using seeds of normal faba though the relative importance of effects on bean treated with imidazolinone herbicides host photosynthesis and re-partitioning of such as imazapyr for control of 0. crenata resources, is still not fully clear. Other (Luis Garcia-Torres and colleagues) and papers concerned the transfer of S, N and seeds of genetically-engineered herbicide- alkaloids from various hosts to Cuscuta. resistant maize treated with imazapyr an Inge Dorr gave us further elegant demon- sulphonylureas for control of S. hermonthi4- stration of symplastic connections in several ca (Gordon Abayo, Joel Ransom and col- host/parasite systems and some new struc- leagues). In neither case is complete control tures in the xylem connections of Striga her- achieved but the idea promises to provide monthica. the farmer with a relatively simple and inexpensive technique. An especially wel- Several papers reinforced the probable come report was that showing successful importance of phytoalexins in host resis- selective control of 0. aegyptiaca in tomato tance, while others showed correlations with application of triasulfuron via sprink- between peroxidase activity and resistance ler irrigation (Kleifeld and colleagues). 0th- to Cuscuta in tomato, and between enzymes er papers reported promise from more con- triggering lignin synthesis and the Cuscuta- ventional applications of chlorsulfuron to resistance of Phaseolus. A report on the sorghum to control Striga in Sudan, imida- induction by Orobanche of a defence-related zolinone herbicides to faba bean to control gene in tobacco (by Westwood and others) Orobanche foetida in Tunisia and for con- seems likely to be followed by many more trol of Cuscuta in carrots in Israel. Among on this theme at future meetings. papers on non-chemical methods, the trans- planting of sorghum as a means of reducing In terms of selection and breeding for Striga attack is confirmed as one more resistance, no outstanding advances were option to be considered. Trap-cropping to reported on resistance to Striga in maize or reduce the S. hermonthica seed bank gave sorghum, though several Spanish groups disappointing results in Kenya, emphasizing reported valuable new sources of Orobanche the need for a better understanding of the resistance in wild species of Helianthus and factors affecting Striga germination in the

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field, including varietal differences within USA trap-crops. Another paper was the first to report on the potential for use of agro- forestry species for control of Striga, and we 0 TWO EXCELLENT NEW BOOKS ON PARASITIC hope will be followed by many more as real- PLANTS ization grows of the importance of longterm improvement in soil fertility. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. 1996. F. G. Hawksworth and In a final session on integrated control D. Wiens. Agriculture Handbook 709. systems there were no outstanding new United States Department of Agriculture, ideas, but a welcome increase in considera- Forest Service. Washington, D.C. xiv+ 410. tion of the role of extension and education Cost not given. in the development and delivery of ideas for integrated control systems. Dwarf Mistletoes is a wonderful book that will be THE resource on dwarf mistle- Jose Cubero and Maria-Teresa Moreno toes for years to come. Beautifully laid out are to be congratulated on their superb con- (except, inexplicably, for the front cover tributions to the success of this meeting and with a title difficult to discern against the for arranging fascinating programmes for the mistletoe background), this world class mon- evenings and for accompanying persons. All ograph is carefully planned, thorough, well of us will remember Cordoba as a wonder- documented, and readable. .pp After the fully colorful, convivial city. succinct introduction, the life cycle of Arceuthobium is discussed, emphasizing see- Enquiries about the availability of the dling establishment of the parasite. I find Proceedings should be addressed to: the diagram of the life cycle and the figure of the intriguing ballistic fruits (pages 8 and D. Rafael Cantizano 9) to be especially useful for classes when Direccion General de Investigacion Agraria discussing fruit dispersal and phanerogamic Consejeria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion parasites. Following chapters discuss sexual c/Juan de Lara Nieto 1 reproduction, biogeography, host relation- 41013 Sevilla ships (especially important since dwarf mist- SPAIN letoes are serious forest pathogens), ecology (including biotic relationships other than C. Parker host-parasite), physiology? pathology, and control. In short, everything you want to know about dwarf mistletoes is here includ- POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH ing a table documenting those established POSITION IN MAIZE beyond their natural ranges, medicinal uses, etc, etc. The Rockefeller Foundation seeks a postdoctoral maize breeder to help imple- Approximately half of the book deals ment a program supporting research on the with , including molecular system- production of African maize varieties with atics. The ''formal taxonomy" section durable resistance to parasitic weeds of the includes distribution maps, excellent color genus Striga. The selected candidate will be photographs (although some are too dark in assigned to a research institute in Africa my copy), and list of specimens examined. that is a grantee of the Foundation. Write Most helpful, however, are the observations to: of the authors, both keen students of nature who convey their fascination with dwarf Postdoctoral Search-Maize Breeder mistletoes even in the "formal taxonomy". Agricultural Sciences Division The list of references is exhaustive and the The Rockefeller Foundation indices functional. 420 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10018-2702 Page 5 L Haustorium 3 2

This book is in memory of the first better to use the book as a reference in my author, Frank Hawksworth, who died while course in parasitic vascular plants and the present book, a successor to a 1972 edi- emphasize rather the primary archival and tion, was being written. Frank's enthusiasm, electronic literature. keen observation, and love of mistletoes is 4 appropriately enshrined in this outstanding This book is very carefully edited and volume. (Adapted from a review to appear contains useful tables and charts. However, in ECONOMIC BOTANY) the incredibly poor binding (at least on my copy) lessens its value. Parasitic Plants. 1995. Edited by Malcom Press and Jonathan Graves. Chapman and Hall, London. xii+292. Cost: L45. L. J. Musselman

"...an attempt to provide a baseline of information to fill the gap since Kuijt's PARASITIC PLANT INITIATIVE FOR [1968] text" is the raison d'aitre the editors THE INTERNATIONAL give for this volume. Simply put, Kuijt's AGRICULTURAL CENTERS book can probably never be replaced by a single volume due to the tremendous On August 26 through August 30, advances made since, and in many cases 1996, the parasitic flowering plants task because of, his Biology of Parasitic Flower- force met at IITA, Cotonou to develop a ing Plants. There are simply too many project proposal and formally launch this papers. As Press and Graves note, many of aspect of the CG system-wide IPM initative. these papers are included in the proceedings During the course of the meeting, the par- of the symposia on parasitic weeds. While ticipants focussed on developing a collabo- these volumes are readily available, they are rative, CG system-wide project for integrat- not handled the same way as other archival ed parasitic management in literature and thus, alas, not utilized as they West Asia and all of Africa. The outcome of should be. the meeting was a logical framework for the project entitled Collaborative Integrated 4 The present work should ameliorate this Parasitic Plant Management (CoIPPM). The situation by providing a modern (at least up logical framework contains 2 1 outputs and to 1995) treatment of parasitic angiosperms. 67 activities centered around two project Almost three decades have elapsed between themes: research and implementation. In Parasitic Plants and The Biology of Parasi- addition, the activities of the project were tic Flower Plants. Therefore, it is not sur- further focussed around development of 13 prising that the approach is different. The pilot sites in the ecoregions associated with eleven chapters are organized more around the African Highlands Initiative (3 sites), how the parasites function rather than on the Desert Margins Initiative (3 sites), the taxonomy and morphology. There is an Moist Savanna Consortium (3 sites), North introductory chapter and two chapters on Africa (3 sites), and West Asia (1 site). parasitic weeds. The remainder deal with germination, haustorial initiation, mineral It was decided that outputs should be nutrition, carbon and nitrogen relations, allocated 52% to research and 48% to water relations, reproductive biology, genes implementation. The outputs were priori- and genomes, and host responses. tized within each of these two project themes, and projected funding was assigned Press and Graves suggest that this book to each output based on the prioritization. will find value as a textbook. The cost is In addition, it was decided that the IARC to prohibitive for general student use, especial- NARES split of the budget allocations would ly when compared to the relatively inexpen- be 20% to 80%, respectively. This resulted sive albeit less stringently edited symposia from the conviction that this project was volumes. Considering the state of flux in the heavily oriented toward on-farm adoption field of parasitic angiosperms, I felt it was

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and that NARES would need a larger share Albert, H. and A. Runge-Metzger. 1995. of the funds to accomplish this. Matching Management of natural resources: sys- funds from the IARCs and NARES (based on tems approaches to Striga control in current core and special project allocations) sub-Saharan Africa. Journal for Farm- were estimated to be approximately equal ing Systems Research-Extension 5( 1): to requested supplemental funding. 91-106. Alpha, T., P. Raharivelomanana, J-P. Bian- Dana K. Berner, International Institute for chini, R. Faure and A. Cambon. 1997. Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Bisalolane sesquiterpenoids from Santa- lum austrocaledonicum. Phyt ochemistry 44: 1519-1522. 0 LITERATURE Americanos, P. G. and N. A. Vouzounis. Abbasher, A.A., J. Sauerborn, J. Kroschel 1995. Control of Orobanche in cabbage. and D.E. Hess. 1996. Evaluation of Technical Bulletin 170. 7 pp. Agricul- Fusarium semitectum var. majus for tural Research Institute, Ministry of biological control of Striga hermonthica. Agriculture, Natural Resources and the In: V.C. Moran and J.H. J. Hoffman Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus. (Four (Eds), Proceedings, 9th International plants of 0. aegyptiaca per host can Symposium on Biological Control of cause total crop failure. Two applica- Weeds, Stellenbosch, 1996. pp. tions of glyphosate 60-100 g/ha or ima- 115-120. (Encouraging results from zaquin 5-10 g/ha successful some years preliminary work in Sudan; good con- but not reliable?) trol and no pathogenicity to sorghum.) Amsellem, Z., Y. KZeifeld, Z. Kerenyi, L. Abou-Salama, A. M. 1995. Utilization of Hornlk, Y. Goldwasser, and J. Gressel. crop rotation for the control of Oro- 1996. Isolation of mycoherbicidal banche crenata Forsk. Assiut Journal of pathogens from juvenile broomrape Agricultural Science 26(1): 245-252. plants. Phytopathology 86: 1-11. (Orobanche crenata apparently reduced Antonova, T. S. and S. J. ter Borg. 1996. most by rotation with flax or sugar- The role of peroxidase in the resistance cane.) of sunflower against Orobanche cumana Abu-Irmaileh, B. E. 1996. Management of in Russia. Weed Research 36: 113-121. parasitic weeds (Orobanche and Cuscuta (Distinguishing races C and D on the spp.) in North Africa and Near East. In: basis of extra-cellular excretion of per- H. Brown, G. W. Cussans, M. D. Devine, oxidase from seedlings of C - resulting in S. 0. Duke, C. Fernandez-Quintanilla, reaction with host phenolics and the A. Helweg, R. Labrada, M. Landes, P. creation of a lignin barrier and resis- Kudsk and S. C. Streibeig (Eds.) Pro- tance - but not from D - hence no host ceedings, 2nd International Weed Con- reaction, and a consequent virulence.) trol Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark, Atkinson, M. D. 1996. The distribution and 1996, pp. 629-638. naturalization of clandestina Agha, A. M., E. A. Sattar and Ahmed Galal. L. (Orobanchaceae) in the British Isles. 1996. Pharmacological study of Cuscuta Watsonia 21: 119-128. campestris Yuncker. Phytotherapy Auer, C.G. 1996. (Diseases of urban trees.) Research lO(2): 117-120. (in Portugese) Documentos - Centro Ahn WonYung 1996. (Analysis of chemical Nacional de Pesquisa de Florestas, No constituents of saccharides and triterpe- 28. 18 pp. (including problem of mistle- noids in the Korean native mistletoes.) toes.) (in Korean) Mogjae Gonghak = Journal Ba, A.T. and P.I. Samb. 1994. [Action of of Korean Weed Science and Technology Pyrausta heliamma (Meyr.), insect 24(1): 27-33. (Studies related to Kor- Crambidae, parasite of Striga gesner- thalsella japonica on Camellia, Viscum ioides (Willd.) Vatke a parasitic weed of album var. coloratum on Quercus and crops in Senegal.] (in French) Bulletin Loranthus yadoriki on Neolitsia.) de 1’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique

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Noire. Serie A, Sciences Naturelles 899-909. (24 of 28 bird species posi- 47:47-50. (Recording a lepidopteran tively correlated with levels of Arceu- damaging flowers.) thobium vuginatum, perhaps due to Bakos, A., M. Fari, 0. Toldi and M. Lados. more death of branches, snags, nesting 4 1995. Plant regeneration from seedling- sites, etc.: hence control of dwarf mistle- derived callus of dodder (Cuscuta trifolii toe can damage wildlife habitat.) Bab. et Giggs). Plant Science (Limerick) Bhandari, N.N. and K.G. Mukherji. 1993. 109:95-101. The Haustorium. RSP/John Wiley & Barker, E. R., M. C. Press, J. D. Scholes Sons. and W. P. Quick. 1996. Interaction Brandes, D. and C. Sander. 1995. (Alien between the parasitic angiosperm Oro- flora of river banks of the Elbe.) (in banche aegyptiaca and its tomato host: German) Tuexenia 15: 447-472. (Not- growth and biomass allocation. The New ing distribution of Cuscuta campestris Phytologist 133 : 637 -642. (Damage by rivers.) noted from the lowest infection rate and Berner, D., R. Carsky, K. Dashiell, J. Kling up to 80% reduction in biomass at high and V. Manyong. 1996. A land manage- levels. Stem and fruit reduced but not ment based approach to integrated Stri- leaves and roots.) ga hermonthica control in sub-Saharan Barker, E. R., J. D. Scholes, M. C. Press Africa. Outlook on Agriculture 25: and W. Quick. 1995. Effects of the hol- 157-164. (An outline of possible control oparasite Orobanche aegyptiaca on the measures, with emphasis on rotation growth and photosynthesis of its tomato with soyabean, clean crop seed, enhanc- host. In: Physiological responses of ing soil suppressiveness, varietal resis- plants to pathogens, Dundee, 1995. tance and seed treatment with herbi- Aspects of Applied Biology 42: cide.) 141-148. Boa, E.R. 1995. A guide to the identifica- Barlow, B.A. 1995. Advances in systematic tion of diseases and pests of neem (Aza- knowledge of Australian Loranthaceae diruchta indica). RAP Publication No and Viscaceae: a review. Telopea 6: 1995/41. FA0 Regional Office for Asia 851-862. and the Pacific, Bangkok. 71 pp. 4 Baumel, P., W. D. Jeschke, N. Rath, F. C. (Includes reference to mistletoes.) Czygan and P. Proksch. 1995. Mod- Bottenberg, H. 1995. Farmers’ perceptions elling of quinolizidine alkaloid net flows of crop pests and pest control practices in Lupinus albus and between L. album in rainfed cowpea cropping systems in and the parasite Cuscuta reflexa: new Kano, Nigeria. International Journal of insights into the site of quinolizidine Pest Management 41: 195-200. (Over alkaloid synthesis. Journal of Experi- 30% of farmers reported infestation of mental Botany 46: 1721-1730. (Includ- cowpea by Strigu gesnerioides and ing interesting conclusions on the roles about 40%, infestation of sorghum by S. of xylem and phloem in transport of hermonthica.) alkaloids.) Boukar, I., D.E. Hess and W.A. Payne. Bedi, J. S. and N. Donchev. 1995. A tech- 1996. Dynamics of moisture, nitrogen nique for macroconidia production by and Strigu infestation on pearl millet Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. orthoceras, a transpiration and growth. Agronomy biocontrol agent for Orobanche. Plant Journal 88: 545-549. (Infestation and Disease Research lO(1): 62-63. (Best damage from S. hermonthica in pots results with old maturing lemon leaves higher under reduced moisture; also on Houstan’s agar medium.) higher with added N but this associated Bennetts, R.E., G.C. White, F.G. Hawks- with much increased root length. worth and S.E. Severs. 1996. The influ- Attachments per m of root reduced by ence of dwarf mistletoe on bird commu- N.) nities in Colorado ponderosa pine Briggs, J. 1996. Mistletoe survey update. forests. Ecological Applications 6: Botanical Society of the British Isles

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News 72: 42. (Noting a conference in slightly belated English version of his Germany at which medical uses of Vis- 1980 paper in Turkish, reporting on cum album were discussed, products average densities of 17 M. arvense per Iscador, Helixor and Abnoba being used sq. m in cereal fields in Kutaya province in cancer treatment.) (in 1976) and best control by bromoxy- Cajic, V. and M. Stjepanovic. 1995. (Alfalfa nil plus MCPA.] seed losses and quality as affected by Cheng-Zhong Zhang. 1996. Fructosides from presence of weed species during process- Cynomorium songaricum. Phytochemis- ing.) (in Croatian) Sjemenarstvo 12: try 41: 975-976. (Cynomorium songari- 123-124. (Seeds of Cuscuta spp. among cum grows in NW China and is used tra- those not readily separated from alfalfa ditionally for kidney disorders.) seed by either air-screen cleaner or Coghan, A. 1995. Keep kissing to save the magnetic separator .) British mistletoe. New Scientist Calvin, C. L. and C. Wilson. 1995. Rela- 2009/2010: 5. (Bewailing the decline of tionship of the mistletoe Phoradendron Viscum album in UK due to destruction macrophyllum (Viscaceae) to the wood of old apple orchards.) of its host. International Association of Coghan, A. 1995. Mistletoe’s kiss of death Wood Anatomists Journal 16 (1): revealed. New Scientist 2002: 21. 33-45. [Reporting work comparing the dimeric Carlson, C. E., J. W. Byler and J. E. Dew- structure of mistletoe lectin 1 (ML1) ey. 1995. Western larch: pest-tolerant with that of ricin, and the possibilities conifer of the northern Rocky Moun- for improved activity against cancer tains. In: Ecology and Management of cells.] Larix Forests: a look ahead. Proceedings Cullings, K., T. Szaro and T. Bruns. 1996. of an International Symposium, Whitef- Evolution of extreme specialization ish, Montana, 1992. USDA Forest Ser- within a lineage of ectomycorrhizal epi- vice General Technical Report parasites. Nature 379: 63-66. -Intermountain Research Station No Dabrowski, Z. T. and A. Hamdoun (Eds). INT-GTR-319. pp. 123-129. (Including 1995. Report on the First National summary of biology and control of Workshop on Control Methods of Bro- dwarf mistletoe.) omrape, Orobanche in Sudan. ICIPE Carsky, R. J., R. Ndikawa, R. Kenga, L. Science Press, Nairobi. 58 pp. (Includ- Singh, M. Fobasso and M. Kamuanga. ing 9 papers and a summary of discus- 1996. Effect of sorghum varieties on sions among 42 participants meeting in Striga hermonthica parasitism and August 1995. Main species in Sudan is development. Plant Varieties and Seeds 0. ramosa along Nile and Red Sea and 9: 111 -118. (Moderately resistant other hot spots, on tomato, potato; also varieties S-35 and CS-54 supported less some 0. cernua and 0. minor along S. hermonthica emergence and seed pro- coast. Preliminary work with solariza- duction, and significantly lower seed tion shows promise.) numbers in the soil, than local varieties Deacon, J. W. 1996. Ecological implications Djigani and Damongari.) of recognition events in the pre- Castro-Tendero, A. J. and L. Garcia-Torres. infection stages of root pathogens. New 1995. SEMAGI - an expert system for Phytologist 133: 135-145. (Mainly on weed control decision making in sun- fungi but including reference to Striga flowers. Crop Protection 14: 543-548. and Orobanche.) (Includes formula for effect of different Debrah, S. K., D. Sanogo and F. 0. Boadu. levels of Orobanche cernua on sunflower 1996. On-farm experiments with sorg- yield.) hum to assess the acceptability of new Cetinsoy, S. 1995. Biology and chemical varieties and herbicide treatments. control of Melampyrum arvense L. in Experimental Agriculture 32: 2 19-223. cereal fields of Anatolia. The Journal of [A survey studying farmers, criteria for Turkish Phytopathology 24: 63-68. [A using herbicide (2,4-D) for control of S.

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hermonthica and adopting new sorghum ed sunflower. Plant Breeding 115: varieties .] 201-202. (240 crop lines tested, of Delavault, P. M., N. M. RUSSO,N. A. Lusson which 10 resistant.) and P. 0. Thalouarn. 1996. Organiza- Donohue, K. 1995. The spatial demography 4 tion of the reduced plastid genome of of mistletoe parasitism on a Yemeni Lathraea clandestina, an achlorophyl- Acacia. International Journal of Plant lous parasitic plant. Physiologia Planta- Sciences 156: 816-823. (Plicosepalus rum 96: 674-682. curvijlorus commonest in low-density Delavault, P., V. Sankyan and P. Thalo- stands of A. tortilis but complex interac- uarn. 1995. Divergent evolution of two tions noted between host and parasite plastid genes, rbcL and atpB in a non- populations.) photosynthetic parasitic plant (Lathraea Ems, S., C. Morden, C. Dixon, K. Wolfe, C. clandestina). Plant Molecular Biology depamphilis, and J. Palmer. 1995. 29: 1071-1079. Transcription, splicing and editing of Dhanapal, G.N. and P.C. Struik. 1996. plastid RNAs in the nonphotosynthetic Broomrape (Orobanche cernua) control plant Epifagus virginiana. Plant Molec- before attachment to host through chem- ular Biology 29: 721-733. ically or biologically manipulating seed Fan ZhiWei, Dong X-ingGuo, Zhou YuFang germination. Netherlands Journal of and Shen YiDe. 1995. Chemical control Agricultural Science 44: 2 79-29 1. (In of Chinese taxillus on rubber trees. lab and pot experiments, 0. cernua Planter 71: 459,468. (Taxillus chinen- stimulated moderately by GR 24 and sis reportedly controlled 80% by injec- ethephon, and by exudates from Vigna tion of 'Miesangling 3,.) radiata, V. mungo, sunflower and ses- Filep, G. M., J. J. Colbert, C. A. Parks and ame; less well by pea, pigeonpea and K. W. Seidel. 1995. Effects of thinning soybean.) on growth and vigor of Larix occidental- Diarra, C., M. Ciotola, S.G. Hallett, D.E. is infected with Arceuthobium laricis in Hess and A.K. Watson. 1996. Mass pro- Oregon. In: Ecology and Management of duction of Fusarium oxysporum Larix Forests: a look ahead. Proceedings (M12-4A), a biological control agent for of an International Symposium, Whitef- 4 Striga hermonthica. In: V.C. Moran and ish, Montana, 1992. USDA Forest Ser- J.H. J. Hoffman (Eds), Proceedings, 9th vice General Technical Report- International Symposium on Biological Intermountain Research Station No Control of Weeds, Stellenbosch, 1996. INT-GTR-319. pp. 307-309. pp. 149-152. Fineran, B. 1995. Green tissue within the Dini, I., C. Iodice and E. Ramundo. 1995. haustorium of the dwarf mistletoe Kor- Phenolic metabolites from Orobanche thalsella (Viscaceae .). An ultras tructural speciosa. Planta Medica 61: 389-390. comparison between chloroplasts of (Relating to the uses of 0.crenata in sucker and aerial stem issues. Protoplas- folk medicine - anti-inflammatory, anti- ma 189: 216- 228. microbial and cicatrizing.) Fineran, B.A. 1996. Flange-type parenchy- Dominguez, J. 1996. R-41, a sunflower ma cells: occurrence and structure in restorer inbred line, carrying two genes the haustorium of the dwarf mistletoe for resistance against highly virulent Korthalsella. Protoplasma 194: 40- 53. Spanish population of Orobanche cer- (Involving K. lindsayi, K. salicornioides nua. Plant Breeding 115: 203-204. and K. clavata.) (Identifying two dominant genes for Fischer, E. 1996. A revision of the genus resistance to 0. cernua population Alectra Thunberg (Scrophulariaceae) in EC94.) Madagascar, with a description of Pseu- Dominguez, J., J.M. Melero-Vara, J. RUSO, demelasma, gen. nov. Bulletin du J. Miller and J.M. Fernandez- Martinez. Musee Nationale de 1'Histoire Naturelle, 1996. Screening for resistance to bro- Paris 4e siries 18, section B, Adansonia omrape (Orobanche cernua) in cultivat- (1-2): 45-65. (Five species recognised:

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Alectra sessiliflora plus 4 newly Kenya. Some useful information on described - A. hildebrandtii, A. humber- farmer attitudes and knowledge - or tii, A. ibityensis and Pseudomelasma lack of it.) pedicularioides.) Frost, D.L., A.L. Gurney, M.C. Press and 0 Fischer, E. 1996. Sieversandreas, a new J.D. Scholes. 1997. Striga hermonthica monotypic genus of Scophulariaceae- reduces photosynthesis in sorghum: the Gerardieae from Madagascar. Bulletin importance of stomatal limitations and a du Musie Nationale de 1’Histoire Natu- potential role for ABA? Plant, Cell and relle, Paris 4e siries 18, section B, Environment 20: 483-492. (In root Adansonia (3-4): 213-217. (Related to chambers studies, photosynthesis Sopubia and presumably hemi- reduced in CSH-1 more than in Ochuti, parasitic?) perhaps due to differential change in Fischer, E. 1997. Notulae ad Floram Ger- stomatal conductance; however, both manicum 11. Typifications of Linnean varieties equally affected in increased names of Scrophulariaceae occurring in root:shoot ratio and reduced shoot Germany. Feddes Repertorium 108: biomass.) 111 -117. Gao, Jian- Jun, Zhong- Jian Jia and Carles Fischl, G. 1996. [A leaf-spot disease of mist- Codina. 1996. An eremophilane sesqui- letoe (Viscum album L.).] (In Hungari- terpenoid from Pedicularis striata Pall an) Novenyvedelem 32(4): 181-183. ssp. arachnoidea. Phytochemistry 43: (Refers to ’control by 1411-1412. ’... .Botryophaerostoma visci (Sphaerop- Gabius, S., K. Kayser and H. J. Gabius. sis visci)’ and to ’a new pathogen of V. 1995. [Mistletoe (Viscum album) album, Plectophomella visci...’.) extracts and their application - from a Forstreuter, W., C. Beyer and H. C. Weber. scientific point of view.] (in German) 1995. (Comparative investigation of Munschener Medizinische Wochenschrift haustoria of the Loranthaceae.) (in Ger- 137: 602-606. man) Feddes Repertorium 106: Garcia-Torres, L., M. Castejon-Munoz, F. 439-444. (Development and structure Lopez-Granados and M. Jurado- of haustoria described for the root- Exposito. 1995. Imazapyr applied pos- parasitic Atkinsonia ligustrina, Gaia- temergence in sunflower (Helianthus dendron punctatum and Nuytsia flori- annuus) for broomrape (Orobanche cer- bunda and the mainly epiphytic nua) control. Weed Technology 9: Tripodanthus acutqolius.) 819-824. (Good selective control Freyer, R., K. Neckermann, R. M. Maier achieved with 10-15 g/ha applied at 12 and H. Kossel. 1995. Structural and to 19 leaf stages.) functional analysis of plastid genomes Garcia-Torres, L., M. Castejon-Munoz, F. from parasitic plants: loss of an intron Lopez-Granados and M. Jurado- within the genus Cuscuta. Current Exposito. 1995. [HTCS (herbicide- Genetics 27: 580-586. (Comparison of treated crop seed) treatments for the C. europaea and C. reflexa.) control of broomrape (Orobanche spp.).] Frick, E., D. Frahne, K. Wegmann. 1996. (in Spanish) In: Proceedings 1995 Con- Biochemical synthesis of gress of the Spanish Weed Science Socie- 2,6-dimethoxy-para- benzoaquinone, a ty, Huesca, Spain, 1995. pp. 369-372. haustorial stimulant of Striga asiatica [Soaking crop seed in 14% herbicide (L.) Kuntze. Natural Products Letters 9: product for 3-5 minutes gives promising 153-159. results in faba bean and pea (with imaz- Frost, H. M. 1995. Striga hermonthica sur- ethapyr), in lentil (with imazapyr) and veys in Western Kenya. Proceedings, in sunflower (with propyzamide).] Brighton Crop Protection Conference - Garcia-Torres, L., M. Castejon-Munoz, F. Weeds, Brighton, 1995. pp. 145-150. Lopez-Granados and M. Jurado- (Concludes the Striga problem has the Exposito. 1995. [Imazapyr applied post- potential to spread to other regions of emergence in sunflower (Helianthus

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annuus) for broomrape (Orobanche cer- Viscum cruciatum Sieber on mitosis in nua) control.] (in Spanish) In: Proceed- Allium cepa L. Cytobios 85(340): ings 1995 Congress of the Spanish Weed 59-63. Science Society, Huesca, Spain, 1995. Goncalves, M. L. 1995. (Cape Verde Flora. 4 pp. 303-306. (Imazapyr at 10-15 g/ha Vascular Dlants. 73. Cuscutaceae.) (in at 12-14 leaf stage selective against 0. Portugueie). Flora de Cab0 Verde No cernua just emerging; later treatment 73, 9 pp. (Describing Cuscuta planiflo- more damaging.) ra vars. approximata and planijlora and Garcia-Torres, L., M. Castejon-Munoz, M. C. umbellata.) Jurado-Exposito and F. Lopez- Gressel, J., L. Segel and J. K. Ransom. Granados. 1996. Modelling the econom- 1996. Managing the delay of evolution ics of controlling nodding broomrape of herbicide resistance in parasitic (Orobanche cernua) in sunflower weeds. International Journal of Pest (Helianthus annuus). Weed Science 44: Management 42: 113-129. (With suit- 591-595. able care and roguing, it is estimated Gbehounou, G., A.H. Pieterse and J.C. that resistance to imidazolinone and sul- Verkleij. 1996. The decrease in seed fonylurea herbicides should be delayed germination of Striga hermonthica in for at least 6-8 seasons.) Benin in the course of the rainy season Gurney, A. L., M. C. Press and J. K. Ran- is due to dying off process. Experientia som. 1995. The parasitic angiosperm 52: 264-267. (At a site 70 km N. of Striga hermonthica can reduce photo- Parakou, viability of seeds declined rap- synthesis ofits sorghum and maize hosts idly during wet season and prevention in the field. Journal of Experimental of new seeding for 2 seasons should Botany 46: 18 17 - 1823. (Photosynthesis result in dramatic decrease of the prob- in infested CK60 sorghum and H5 11 lem.) maize reduced by 46% and 31% respec- Georgieva, I. G. and H. G. Bozoukov. 1995. tively by 63 days after planting: Ochuti Study on the properties of some pesti- sorghum parasitized but photosynthesis cides to stimulate germination of the unaffected.) broomrape (Orobanche spp.) seeds. Bul- Haidar, M. A., W. Bibi and N. Abdel- 4 garian Journal of Agricultural Science Khalek. 1995. Effect of wheat and bar- l(1): 13-17. (Among 52 fungicides, her- ley residues on branched broomrape bicides and insecticides tested, active (Orobanche ramosa) growth and devel- compounds included thiophanate- opment in potatoes. Proceedings, Brigh- methyl, endosulfan, thiofanox and ver- ton Crop Protection Conference - nolate .) Weeds, Brighton, 1995. pp. 87 1-876. Goldwasser, Y. 1995. Spinach (Spinacia (Rates of 6,000-12,000 kg straw/ha, oleracea var. Attica) as a host of Egyp- preferably incorporated, reduced 0. tian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca). ramosa emergence by at least 50% and Phytoparasitica 2 3: 3 5 7 -3 58. increased potato yield in some cases.) Goldwasser, Y., Y. Kleifeld, S. Golan, A. Haigh, S.L. 1996. Saltcedar (Tamarix Barguti and B. Rubin. 1995. Dissipa- ramosissima), an uncommon host for tion of metham-sodium from soil and its the desert mistletoe (Phoradendron Cali- effect on the control of Orobanche fornicum). Great Basin Naturalist 56(2): aegyptiaca. Weed Research 35: 186-187. 445-452. Hajta, T., K. Hostanska, J. Fischer and H. Gomes, S. 1996. (Cape Verde Flora. Vascu- Lentzen. 1996. Investigation of cellular lar Plants. Orobanchaceae.) (in Portug- parameters to establish the response of a ese) Flora de Cab0 Verde No 82. 7 pp. biomodulator: galactoside-specific lectin (Including description and illustrations from Viscum album plant extract. Phy- of Cistanche phelypaea.) tomedicine 3: 129-137. (The lectin Gomez, M.A., M.T. Saenz, M.D. Garcia, R. showed to increase the priming of poly- de la Puerta and M.C. Ahumada. 1996. morphonuclear leukocytes in humans.) Effect of methanolic extract of parasitic

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Haynes, A.R., N.C. Coile and T.S. Schubert. Hibberd, J. M., W. P. Quick, M. C. Press 1996. Comparison of two parasitic and J. D. Scholes. 1996. The influence vines: dodder (Cuscuta) and woe vine of the parasitic angiosperm Striga ges- (Cassytha). Botany Circular (Gaines- nerioides on the growth and photo- ville) No 30. 3 pp. synthesis of its host Vigna unguiculata. Hall, J. P. 1996. Forest insect and disease Journal of Experimental Botany 47: conditions in Canada 1994. 112 pp. 507-512. (Striga gesnerioides causes no (Including mist let oes. ) change in root:shoot ratio and inconsis- Harten, A. van. 1996. Sitobion loranthi, a tent effects on photosynthesis. The main new aphid from Angola living on mistle- damage appears to result from its toes (Homoptera: Aphididae). Entomolo- strength as a sink.) gische Berichten 56: 76-79. (A new Hillocks, R. J., J.W.M. Logan, C.R. Riches, species occurring on several species of A. Russell-Smith and L. J. Shaxson. Loranthaceae in Angola.) 1996. Soil pests in traditional farming Haynes, S. C., W. L. MacDonald and L. J. systems in sub-Saharan Africa - a Musselman. 1996. Oilnut parasitism of review. Part 2. Management strategies. firs. U. S. Department of Agriculture, International Journal of Pest Manage- Forest Service, Northeastern Area, ment 42: 253-265. (Including discussion Southern Region. NA-PR-03-96. (A pest of host resistance and cultural methods alert poster for oilnut, Pyrularia pub- for control of Striga and Alectra spp.) era, Santalaceae, that attacks Abies bal- Hoffman, G., C. Diarra and D. Dembele. samea and A. fraseri grown as Christ- 1994. Striga asiatica, new pest of maize mas trees in the Appalachian Mountains in Mali. FA0 Plant Protection Bulletin of West Virginia.) 42: 214-215. (First report of S. asiati- Hershenhorn, J., Y. Goldwasser, D. Plak- ca on crops in Mali.) hine, G. Herzlinger, S. Golan, R. Russo Hunt, R.S., J.N. Owens and R.B. Smith. and Y. Kleifeld. 1996. Role of pepper 1996. Penetration of western hemlock, (Capsicum annuum) as a trap and catch Tsuga heterophylla by the dwarf mistle- crop for control of Orobanche aegyptia- toe, Arceuthobium tsugense, and the ca and 0. cernua. Weed Science 44: development of the parasite cortical sys- 948-951. (Pepper caused more germina- tem. Canadian Journal of Plant Patholo- tion of 0. aegyptiaca than tomato but gy 18: 342-346. was less attacked; sweet peppers were Igbinnosa, I., K. F. Cardwell and S. N. C. less attacked than paprika or hot pep- Okonkwo. 1996. The effect of nitrogen pers; 3 pepper varieties caused germina- on the growth and development of giant tion of 0. cernua but were not attacked witchweed, Striga hermonthica Benth.: at all.) effect on cultured germinated seedlings Hezewijk, M.J. van and J.A.C. Verkleij. in host absence. European Journal of 1996. The effect of nitrogenous com- Plant Pathology 102(1): 77-86. (In gen- pounds on in vitro germination of Oro- eral nitrate enhanced seedling growth, banche crenata Forsk. Weed Research while ammonium and urea suppressed 36: 395-404. (Germination strongly it.) inhibited by 4 mM ammonium sulphate, Igbinnosa, I. and P. A. Thalouarn. 1996. but only partially by 8 mM urea and Nitrogen assimilation enzyme activities not at all by 16 mM nitrate.) in witchweed (Striga) in hosts presence Hibberd, J. M., W. P. Quick, M. C. Press and absence. Weed Science 44: and J. D. Scholes. 1995. Carbon fuc- 224-232. ation, partitioning and growth of cow- Jeschke, W. D., P. Baumel and N. Rath. pea parasitized by Striga gesnerioides. 1995. Partitioning of nutrients in the In: Physiological responses of plants to Cuscuta rejlexa-Lupinus albus associa- pathogens, Dundee, 1995. Aspects of tion. Aspects of Applied Biology 42: Applied Biology 42: 117-124. 7 1-79.

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Jeschke, W.R. and A. Hilpert. 1997. Sink- Kim, S.K. andV.0. Adetimirin. 1997. stimulated photosynthesis and sink- Responses of tolerant and susceptible dependent increase in nitrate uptake: maize varieties to timing and rate of nitrogen and carbon relations of the nitrogen and Striga hermonthica infesta-4 parasitic association Cuscuta reflexa - tion. Agronomy Journal 89: 38-44. Ricinus communis. Plant, Cell and [Yields of 8322-1 (tolerant) much great- Environment 20: 47-56. (Exploring the er than those of 8338-1 (susceptible) relatively mild damage caused to the under high artificial infestation: benefits host in this combination, and the impor- of N greatest at 2 weeks after planting.] tant role of N.) Kim, PyoungSu and AhWonYung 1996. Johnson, D.E., C.R. Riches, R. Diallo and Analysis of chemical constituents of sac- M.J. Jones. 1997. Striga on rice in charides and triterpenoids in the Korean West Africa; crop host range and the native mistletoes. I1 Screening the potential of host resistance. Crop Pro- extractives of Korean camellia mistletoe tection 16: 153-157. (Rice was suscepti- (Pseudixus japonicus for cytotoxicity . ble to S. aspera from maize and rice; to Mogjae Gonghak = Journal of Korean S. hermonthica from maize, sorghum Weed Science and Technology 24(1): and rice; and to S. asiatica from maize 87-94. and Andropogon gayanus : 5 vars of 0. Kroschel, J., A. A. Abbasher and J. Sauer- glaberrima and 2 of 0. sativa (IR born. 1995. Herbivores of Striga her- 47255 -B-B-5-4 and IR 49255 monthica in northern Ghana and -B-B-5-2) were partially resistant to S. approaches to their use as biocontrol aspera and S. hermonthica.) agents. Biocontrol Science and Technol- Jurado-Exposito, M., M. Castejon-Munoz ogy 5: 163-164. (Noting that Smicronyx and L. Garcia-Torres. 1996. Broomrape umbrinus commonly causes damage in (Orobanche crenata) control with imaz- Ghana but not in Tanzania, Malawi or ethapyr applied to pea (Pisum sativum) Madagascar, while Junonia orithya seeds. Weed Technology 10: 774-780. occurs in all areas.) (Orobanche crenata well controlled Kroschel, J., A. Hundt, A.A. Abbasher and (SO-SO%) and pea undamaged by seed J. Sauerborn. 1996. Pathogenicity of a dressing or seed soaking with imazetha- fungi collected in northern Ghana to pyr equivalent to 20-40 g/ha, leading to Striga hermonthica. Weed Research 36: significant increase of crop yield.) 515-520. (Encouraging results with two Kadas, I., G. Arvai, K. Miklo, G. Horvath, isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and L. Toke, G. Toth, A. Szollosy and M. one of F. solani - S. hermonthica well Bihari. 1996. Novel approach to the controlled and no apparent pathogenici- potent germination stimulant strigol and ty to sorghum.) its analogues. Journal of Environmental Kuijt, J. 1996. Cataphylls adtaxonomy in Science and Health. Part B, Pesticides, Phoradendron and Dendrophthora (Vis- Food Contaminants, and Agricultural caceae). Acta Botanica Neerlandica 45: Wastes 31: 561- 566. 263-277. Kamlesh Mathur, R.B. Gurjar and K. Chi- Kuijt, J. and E.A. Kellogg. 1996. Miscella- tle. 1995. Onion and garlic - two new neous mistletoe notes, 20-36. Novon hosts of dodder. Indian Journal of 6(1): 33-35. (Describing 11 new spp.; 4 Mycology and Plant Pathology 2 5 :3 3 5. Dendrophthora, 6 Phoradendron and 1 (Occurrence of unspecified Cuscuta in Psittacanthus and several new combina- Rajhastan, India.) tions in Dendrophthora and Phthirusa.) Khalid, A.N. and S.H. Iqbal. 1996. Myco- Kunjo, E.M. (1996) Practical results of Stri- trophy in a vascular stem parasite Cus- ga research in the Gambia. In: H. cuta reflexa. Mycorrhiza 6(1): 69-71. Brown, G.W. Cussans, M.D. Devine, (AM-inoculated plants of C. reflexa S.O. Duke, C. Fernandez-Quintada, A. showed increased biomass and longevi- Helweg, R. Labrada, M. Landes, P. ty 4 Kudsk and S.C. Streibig (Eds.) Proceed-

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ings, 2nd International Weed Control Lagoke, S. and R. Hoevers, editors. 1995. Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1996, Striga Newsletter. Number 5. 26 pages. pp. 685-686. Lagoke, S. and L. E. van der Straten, edi- Killick, J. 1996. Mistletoe in Oxfordshire. tors. 1996. Striga Newsletter. Number Botanical Society of the British Isles 6. 26 pages. (Both numbers 5 and 6 of News 72: 42-43. (Noting some associa- the newsletter are an excellent source of tion of Viscum album with chalk soils, information on current research and urban areas and river valleys. See also surveys.) Showler, 1996.) Lagoke, S.J.O., R. Labrada, S.S. M’Boob Kim, S. K. 1995. Genetics of maize toler- and L. van der Straten. 1996. Striga ance of Striga hermonthica. IITA problem and its control in Africa south Research 11: 1-6. (Concludes that toler- of the Sahara. In: H. Brown, G.W. Cus- ance to Striga damage is inherited quan- sans, M.D. Devine, S.O. Duke, C. titatively.) Fernandez-Quintanilla, A. Helweg, R. King, S. B. and S. Z. Mukuru. 1995. An Labrada, M. Landes, P. Kudsk and S.C. overview of sorghum, finger detand Streibig (Eds.) Proceedings, 2nd Inter- pearl millet in eastern Africa with spe- national Weed Control Congress, Copen- cial attention to diseases. In: Daniel, D. hagen, Denmark, 1996, pp. 761. (Out- L. (ed.) Breeding for disease resistance lining the activities of PASCON.) with emphasis on durability. Proceed- Lane, J. A., T. H. M. Moore, D. V. Child ings of a regional workshop for eastern, and K. F. Cardwell. 1996. Characteriza- central and southern Africa, Njoro, tion of virulence and geographical dis- Kenya, 1994. pp. 24-34. (Work on tribution of Striga gesnerioides on cow- Striga resistance is mentioned.) pea in West Africa. Plant Disease 80: Kutbay, H. G., F. Karaer and M. Kilinc. 299-301. (Five races differentiated on 1996. Nutrient relationships of Cuscuta the basis of their virulence on 5 descri- epithymum var. epithymum. In: H. minator varieties .) Brown, G. W. Cussans, M. D. Devine, S. Larson, D.L. 1996. Seed dispersal by spe- 0. Duke, C. Fernandez-Quintanilla, A. cialist versus generalist foragers: the Helweg, R. Labrada, M. Landes, P. plant’s perspective. Oikos 7611): Kudsk and S. C. Streibeig (Eds.) Pro- 113-120. (Studies on Phoradendron ceedings, 2nd International Weed Con- cal$ornicum and three bird species, the trol Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark, specialist mistletoe-feeder Phainopepla 1996, pp. 91-94. (On host Heliotropi- nitens and the generalists, Gila wood- um europaeum in Turkey; discusses pecker (Melanerpes uropygialis) and active v. passive uptake theories.) mocking bird (Mimus polyglottus). Ladley, J. J. and D. Kelly. 1995. Explosive Lechowski, Z. 1995. Element contents and New Zealand mistletoe. Nature 378: guard cell physiology of the root hemi- 766. (Suggesting a solution to Kuijt’s parasite Melampyrum arvense L. before ’unsolved mystery’ -the reason for the and after attachment to the host plant. flowers of some Loranthaceae opening Journal of Plant Nutrition 18: from the base. This is shown to occur in 2551-2567. (P, Na, N, C1 etc measured Perixilla tetrapetala when flowers, nor- in host, Capsella bursa-pastoris and mally opened by birds, are not visited.) parasite before and after attachment. Ladley, J.J. and D. Kelly. 1996. Dispersal, Results include the interesting observa- germination and survival of New Zea- tion that stomata usually closed in the land mistletoes (Lorant haceae) : depen- dark in the unattached parasite but dence on birds. New Zealand Journal of remained open after attachment.) Ecology 20( 1): 69-79. (Observations on Lechowski, Z. 1996. Gas exchange in leaves the role of bellbirds, silvereyes and tui of the root hemiparasite Melampyrum in the dispersal of Alepis flavida, Perax- arvense L. before and after attachment illa tetrapetala, Ileostylis micranthus to the host. Physiologia Plantarum 38: and Tupeia antarctica.) 85-93. [Net photosynthesis on a leaf

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area basis is low-15 and 23% of that in Rendus de I’Academie des Sciences. the host (Capsella bursa-pastoris)before Serie 111, Sciences de la Vie 3 18: and after attachment respectively. Chlo- 659-664. (Comparisons also with rophyll and carotenoids are low; respi- Melampyrum pratense, Epifagus and ration high - X1.8 and 2.6 before and Digitalis purpurea.) 4 after.] Mansuetus, S.B.A. 1995. Sorghum diseases Lechowski, Z. 1997. Stomata1 response to in Tanzania. African Crop Science exogenous cytokinin treatment of the Journal 3:203-207. (Striga included hemiparasite Melampyrum arvense L. with 22 diseases as major constraints before and after attachment to the host. on sorghum production in Tanzania.) Biologia Plantarum 39: 13-21. (Before Marshall, J. D., T. E. Dawson and J. R. attachment to host, cytokinin increased Ehleringer. 1994. Integrated nitrogen, stomata1 aperture: after attachment, carbon, and water relations of a xylem- parasite insensitive to additional cytoki- tapping mistletoe following nitrogen fer- nin and/or K.) tilization of the host. Oecologia 100: Lehtila, K. and K. Syrjanen. 1995. Com- 430-438. (Work with Phoradendron pensatory responses of two Melampyrum juniperum on Juniperus osteosperma species after damage. Functional Ecolo- partially confirms the hypothesis that gy 9: 511-517. (Studies on M.pratense the gas-exchange characteristics of mist- and M. sylvaticum in Finland.) letoes are designed to ensure adequate Lobin, W. and B. Dull. 1996. [The genus nitrogen gain, but also suggests that the Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) on the Cape low water-use efficiency of the parasite Verde Islands with consideration of the is an inevitable consequence of an imba- species on the West African continent.] lance in C and N assimilation.) (In German) Willdenowia 25: 583-594. Martinez, del Rio, C., M. Hourdequin, A. (All material from Cape Verde and Silva and R. Medel. 1995. The influ- Senegal designated C. phelypaea; deli- ence of cactus size and previous infec- mitation from C. tubulosa and 2 other tion on bird deposition of mistletoe spp. outlined.) seeds. Australian Journal of Ecology 20: Lock, G. M. and M. C. Press. 1995. Effects 57 1-576. (Interesting observations on 4 of elevated C02 on Agrostis capillaris the interrelations of Tristerix aphyllus infected with the hemiparasite Rhinan- with Mimus thenca (the Chilean mock- thus minor. In: Physiological responses ingbird), and the cactus hosts Echinopsis of plants to pathogens, Dundee, 1995. chilensis and Eulychnia acida in Chile.) Aspects of Applied Biology 42: Martinez del Rio, C., A. Silva, R. Medel and 155-159. M. Hourdequin. 1996. Seed dispersers Loffler, C., A. Sahm, V. Wray, F. C. Czygan as disease vectors: bird transmission of and P. Proksch. 1995. Soluble phenolic mistletoe seeds to plant hosts. Ecology constituents from Cuscuta reflexa and 77: 912-921. (see Martinez et al., Cuscuta platyloba. Biochemical System- 1995.) atics and Ecology 23: 121-128. (Phe- Marvier, M. A. 1996. Parasitic plant host nolic content, highest in the haustorial interactions: plant performance and region, was not influenced by the host indirect effects on parasite-feeding her- on which they were growing.) bivores. Ecology 77: 1398-1409. Lopez-Granados, F. and L. Garcia-Torres. (Reporting varying interactions of Cas- 1996. Effects of environmental factors tilleja wightii with hosts Lupinus arbo- on dormancy and germination of crenate reus, Artemisi pycnocephala and Erio- broomrape (Orobanche crenata). Weed phyllum staechadifolium and the Science 44: 284-289. survival of aphid Nearctaphis bachena.) Lusson, N., P. Delavault and P. Thalouarn. Maschadi, A.M., J. Sauerborn, J. Kroschel 1995. The plastid rp120 gene from and M.C. Saxena. 1997. Effect of plant Lathraea clandestina (holoparasite) is density on grain yield, root-length den- conserved in a functional form. Comptes sity and Orobanche crenata infestation

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in two faba bean genotypes. Weed competition. Oikos 75(1): 118-124. Research 37: 39-49. (Crop density had (Host damage and growth of parasite only minor effects but var. 402/29/84 greatest on Medicago satiua, less on showed excellent resistance, associated Linum usitatissimum and Lolium peren- 0 with hypersensitivity, a smaller root sys- nuns.) tem, and early flowering.) Mburu, C. 1995. Research in production Mathiasen, J. S. Beatty and C. M. Hildeb- constraints of sorghum in Kenya. In: rand. 1995. First report of larch dwarf Daniel, D. L. (ed.) Breeding for disease mistletoe on Pacific silver fir and on resistance with emphasis on durability. mountain hemlock in the Cascade Moun- Proceedings of a regional workshop for tains, WA. Plant Disease 79: 1249. eastern, central and southern Africa, (Arceuthobium larcis on Abies amabilis Njoro, Kenya, 1994. pp. 74-80. in Washington State, USA.) (Including Striga as a notable con- Mathiasen, R.L., J.T. Hoffman, J.C. Guyon st raint .) and L.L. Wadleigh. 1996. Comparison Mertzig, C. and S. Prien. 1996. (Occurrence of two roadside survey procedures for of pine mistletoe in forest stands in dwarf mistletoes on the Sawtooth Niederlausitz.) (in German) AFZ/Der National Forest, Idaho. Great Basin Walt, Allgemneine Forst Zeitschrift fur Naturalist 56(2): 129-134. (Concludes Waldwirtschaft und Umweltvorsorge 5 1: that roadside-plot and transect-plot sur- 160-162. (Three forms of V. album ssp. veys give similar results for Arceuthobi- laxum distinguished. Planting broad- um americanum and A. douglasii in leaved trees around stand margins sug- Pinus contorta and pseudotsuga men- gested as a means of reducing inci- ziesii respectively.) dence.) Mathiasen, J. S., B. W. Geils, C. E. Carson Meti, S.S. and M.M. Hosmani. 1994. Bro- and F. G. Hawksworth. 1995. Larch omrape control in bid; tobacco by soil dwarf mistletoe not found on alpine solarization. Tobacco Research 20( 1): larch. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 67-70. (0. cernua reduced 78% by Research Note - Rocky Mountain Forest clear polyethylene 0.05 mm thick for and Range Experiment Station, USDA 40 days.) Forest Service no RM-533, 4 pp. (Not- Mishra, S. and G. G. Sanwal. 1995. Changes ing that previous reports of Arceuthobi- in lipid composition of Brassica siliquae um laricis on Larix lyallii are erroneus, upon infection by Cuscuta. Journal of the host being re-identified as L. occi- Plant Physiology 146:303 - 306. dentalis.) Molotkovskii, Yu. I. and A. A. Konnov. Mathiasen, J. S. Beatty and C. M. Hildeb- 1995. Some characteristics of the rand. 1996. First report of lodgepole growth and water exchange in juniper dwarf mistletoe on subalpine fir. Plant affected by a plant parasite, Arceuthobi- Disease 80: 342. (Arceuthobium ameri- um oxycedri (DC.) M.B. Russian Jour- canum on Abies lasiocarpa var. lasio- nal of Ecology 26:296-299. (Transpira- carpa in Washington State, USA.) tion rate of A. oxycedri higher than that Matthies, D. 1995. Host parasite relations of hosts Juniperus turkestanica and J. in the root hemiparasite Melampyrum semiglobosa.) aruense. Flora 190: 383-394. Moore, T. H. M., J. A. Lane, D. V. Child, Matthies, D. 1995. Parasitic and competi- G. M. Arnold, J. A. Bailey and G. Hoff- tive interactions between the hemipara- mann. 1995. New sources of resistance sites Rhinanthus serotinus and Odontites of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to Striga rubra and their host Medicago sativa. gesnerioides, a parasitic angiosperm. Journal of Ecology 83: 245-251. Euphytica 84: 165-174. (Reporting the Matthies, D. 1996. Interactions between the identification of 2 lines of cowpea, root hemiparasite Melamp yrum aruense APL-1 and 87-2, with resistance to S. and mixtures of host plants: hetero- gesnerioides in most W. African coun- trophic benefit and parasite-mediated tries, but not to Alectra.)

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Musselman, L. J. 1996. Parasitic weeds in isozyme genetic variability than the 5 the Southeastern United States. Castanea other species reported in this genus but 61(3): 271-292.(A review of the distri- less than other spp. with limited region- bution, ecology, and host range of native al distribution. Noted this sp. self- and introduced parasites as well as a compatible and has long-lived perennial 4 discussion of potential new problems.) habit .) Murty, D.S., S.A. Bello and S.E. Eladele. Olivier, A. 1995. Le Striga, mauvaise herbe 1995. Screening sorghum for resistance parasite des ciriales africaines: biologie to Striga under artificial field inocula- et methodes de lutte. Agronomie 15: tion. International Sorghum and Millets 5 17-525. (General review.) Newsletter 36: 84-86. (Three tech- Olivier, A. 1996. La relation entre le Striga niques used; Framida least attacked of hermonthica et ses hotes: une synthese. 10 vars in all tests.) Canadian Journal of Botany 74: Nandula, V. K., C. L. Foy and J. H. West- 11 19-1137. (Another general review.) wood. 1995. Effect of adjuvants, germi- Orr, J.P. 1996. Nightshade and dodder con- nation stimulants and nutrients on ger- trol in processing tomatoes. Proceed- mination of Orobanche spp. Proceedings ings, Western Society of Weed Science Northeastern Weed Science Society 49: 49: 30-32.(Cuscuta sp. controlled 95% 32. by application of rimsulfuron at cotyle- Nandula, V. K. and C. L. Foy. 1996. Analy- don stage of crop; repeat application sis of total amino acids in Egyptian bro- gave 100% control season-long.) omrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) and a Orr, G.L., M.A. Haidar and D.A. Orr. host (carrot). Proceedings, Southern 1996. Smallseed dodder (Cuscuta plan- Weed Science Society 49: 154. iflora) gravitropism in red light and in Nimbal, C. I., J. F. Pedersen, C. N. Yerkes, red plus far-red. Weed Science 44: L. A. Weston and S. C. Weller. 1996. 795-796. (In 4-hour spells of mixed Phytotoxicity and distribution of sorgo- red/far-red light, some positive gravi- leone in grain sorghum germplasm. tropism observed, but negative gravitro- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chem- pism resumed in 4- hour spells of red istry 44: 1343-1347. (Showing that sor- only.) 4 goleone comprises 85-90% of all root Overton, J.McC. 1996. Spatial autocorrela- exudates from sorghum; amounts vary tion and dispersal in mistletoes: field 20-fold among genotypes; toxic effects - and simulation results. Vegetatio mainly on photosynthesis occur down to 125(1): 83-98. (Studies of Phrygilan- 10 micromolar in some species of Digit- thus (= Notanthera) sonorae and Pho- aria sanguinalis.) radendron californicurn on Bursera Norton, D. A., R. J. Hobbs and L. Atkins. microphylla and Cercidium microphyl- 1995. Fragmentation, disturbance and lum in Mexico.) plant distribution: mistletoes in wood- Pazy, B., U. Plitmann and 0. Cohen. 1996. land remnants in the Western Australian Bimodal karyotype in Cynomorium COG- wheatbelt. Conservation Biology 9: cineum L. and its systematic implica- 426-438. (Concerning the distribution tions. Botanical Journal of the Linnean of Amyema miquelii in Eucalyptus sal- Society 120: 279-281. (Chromosome monophloia woodland.) number 2n= 28; results support separa- Nun, N. B., G. Ben-Hod, E. Lavi and A. M. tion of Cynomoriaceae from Balanopho- Mayer, 1996. Purification of a pectin raceae.) methylesterase from Orobanche aegypti- Pennings, S. C. and R. M. Callaway. 1996. ma. Phytochemistry 41: 403-406. Impact of a parasitic plant on the struc- Odasz, A.M. and 0. Savolainen. 1996. ture and dynamics of salt marsh vegeta- Genetic variation in populations of the tion. Ecology 77: 1410-1419. (Report- arctic perennial Pedicularis dasyantha ing that Cuscuta salina prefers host (Scrophulariaceae) on Svalberd, Nor- Salicornia virginica over Limonium cal- way. American Journal of Botany 83: ij"ornicum etc.) 1379-1385. This parasite shows more Page 18 Haustorium 32

Popovic, S. and M. Stjepanovic. 1995. (Pro- cata (L.f.) Ettingh (Loranthaceae) duction of alfalfa seed is limited by ascending in Garhwal Himalaya. World presence of Cuscuta spp.) (in Croatian) Weeds 3: 145-146. (On Quercus hima- Sjemenarstvo 12: 135-149. (Propyzam- Zayana at 2410 m.) a ide as Kerb, 3-4 kg/ha gave best con- Ramlan, M. F. and J. D. Graves. 1996. trol.) Estimation of the sensitivity to photoin- Popp, M., R. Mensen, A. Richter, H. Busch- hibition in Striga hermonthica-infected mann and D. J. von Willert. 1995. sorghum. Journal of Experimental Bot- Solutes and succulence in southern Afri- any 47: 71-78. (Results indicate that can mistletoes. Trees: Structure and Striga-infested plants suffered from pho- Function 9: 303-310. (Studies on Tapi- toinhibition due to damage to electron- nanthus oleifolius and Viscum rotundi- transport/photophosphorylation process- folium on various hosts in Namibia. es.) Succulence of older leaves a mechanism Ransom, J. K. 1996. Integrated manage- for diluting excess sodium?) ment of Striga spp. in the agriculture of Press, M. C. 1995. How do the parasitic sub-Saharan Africa. In: H. Brown, G. weeds Striga and Orobanche influence W. Cussans, M. D. Devine, S. 0. Duke, host carbon relations? In: Physiological C. Fernandez-Quintanilla, A. Helweg, responses of plants to pathogens, Dun- R. Labrada, M. Landes, P. Ludsk and S. dee, 1995. Aspects of Applied Biology C. Streibeig (Eds.) Proceedings, 2nd 42: 63-70. (Discussing the relative International Weed Control Congress, importance of i. transfer of carbon, ii. Copenhagen, Denmark, 1996, pp. change in host architecture and iii 623-628. (A useful review of the reduced photosynthesis.) potential IPM components and their Pundir, Y. P. S. 1995. Host range of Scur- combination for Striga control.) rula pulverulenta (Wall,) G.Don. (Lor- Raynal-Roques, A. 1994. Repartition geo- anthaceae) from Doon Valley and adja- graphique et speciation dans le genre cent areas. Indian Journal of Forestry Striga (Scrophulariaceae parasites). 18: 74-79. (Total hosts recorded in this Memoires de la Societe Biogeographiqe area now 131 species from 58 genera, (3eme serie) IV, 83-94. (Commenting 34 plant families.) on characteristics and distribution of a Pujadas, A. and A. Lora. 1995. (Orobanche total 41 species.) almeriensis A. Pujadas (Orobancha- Reichmann, S., J. Kroschel and J. Sauer- ceae), a new species from the southeast born. 1995. Distribution and infestation Iberian Peninsula.) (in Spanish) Anales of Striga species in Shinyanga region of del Jardin Botanic0 de Madrid 53(1): Tanzania and evaluation of control 47-53. methods. Proceedings, Brighton Crop Pundir, Y.P.S. 1995. Two new hosts of Protection Conference-Weeds, Brighton, Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingh 1995. pp. 151-156. (Over 50% of fields (Loranthaceae). World Weeds 2: 1-2. were infested with S. hermonthica and (Terminalia alata and Bauhinia uahlii.) 24% with S. asiatica. Striga passargei Pundir, Y.P.S. 1995. Scurrula parasitica L. and S. densijlora also recorded. Farm- (Loranthaceae), a new record for ers were generally unaware of the para- Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya. World sitic nature and seed propagation of Weeds 2: 59-60. (On Quercus leucotri- Striga.) chophora and hyperparasitising Taxillus Reid, N., M. S. Smith and Yan ZhaoGui. vestitus on the same host.) 1995. Ecology and population biology Pundir, Y.P.S. 1995. Observations on the of mistletoes. In: Lowman, M. D. and N. witches-broom formations in Scurrula M. Nadkarni (Eds) Forest Canopies, pulverulenta (Wall.) G.Don (Lorantha- Academic Press San Diego California. ceae). World Weeds 2: 63-68. (Brooms pp. 285-310. (A review based mainly caused by insect Sumatrophis sp.) on Australian mistletoes.) Pundir, Y.P.S. 1995. Is Dendrophthoe fal-

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Reiss, G., R. J. Pring, J. A. Lane and J. A. some of 18 annuals resistant to 'highly Bailey. 1995. Striga gesnerioides: virulent' races of 0.cernua.) mechanisms of infection and resistance. Sahm, A., H. Pfanz, M. Grunsfelder, F. C. In: Physiological responses of plants to Czygan and P. Proksch. 1995. Anatomy 4 pathogens, Dundee, 1995. Aspects of and phenylpropanoid metabolism in the Applied Biology 42: 301-306. (On the incompatible interaction of Lycopersicon resistant B301, hyaline tissue failed to esculentum and Cuscuta reflexa. Botani- develop; a cytokinin helped initiate par- ca Acta 108: 358-364. (Demonstrating asite growth but this factor could not collapse of cells and development of lig- explain continued failure to develop.) nified and suberized cell walls, along Rhui-cheng, F., L. J. Musselman and U. with accumulation of soluble phenolic Plitmann. 1995. Cuscuta. pp 322-325 compounds and stimulation of peroxi- in Zheng-yi, W. and P. H. Raven, Edi- dases.) tors. Flora of China. Volume 16. Gen- Salonen, V. and S. Puustinen. 1996. Success tianaceae through Boraginaceae. Beijing: of a root hemiparasitic plant is influ- Science Press and St. Louis: Missouri enced by soil quality and by defoliation Botanical Garden. (Eleven species are of its host. Ecology 77: 1290-1293, recorded including C. campestris.) [Growth of Rhinanthus serotinus on Ribereau-Gayon, G., M. L. Jung, J. P. Beck Agrostis capillaris (in Finland) is and R. Anton. 1995. Effect of fetal calf reduced in sandy soil, and by partial serum on the cytotoxic activity of mist- defoliation of the host.] letoe (Viscum album L.) lectins in cell Sarpe, N., I. Moga, M. Pocacaen, I. Lungu- culture. Phytotherapy Research 9: lescu, C. Roibu and G. H. Buroi. 1996. 336-339. Control of annual weeds, EZymus repens Rivera, G.L., L. Galetto and L. Bernardello. and Cuscuta species in alfalfa crops. In: 1996. Nectar secretion pattern, removal H. Brown, G. W. Cussans, M. D. effects, and breeding system of Ligaria Devine, S. 0. Duke, C. Fernandez- cuneifolia (Loranthaceae). Canadian Quintanilla, A. Helweg, R. Labrada, M. Journal of Botany 74: 1996-2001. Landes, P. Kudsk and S. C. Streibeig (From studies of L. cuneifolia on Acacia (Eds.) Proceedings, 2nd International 4 aroma in Argentina it is concluded that Weed Control Congress, Copenhagen, the reproductive system is 'primarily Denmark, 1996, pp 1065-1069. (Imaz- xenogamous, but reproductive success is ethapyr showing promise for Cuscuta related to flower age'.) control at 100 g/ha pre- or post- Rizzini, C.T. (1995) (Flora of the Serra do emergence.) Cipo, Minas Gerais: Loranthaceae.) (in Sauerborn, J., I. Dorr, A. Abbasher, H. Portugese) Boletin de Botanica, Univer- Thomas, and J. KroscheL 1996. Elec- sidade de Sao Paulo 14: 207- 221. tron Microscopic Analysis of the Pene- (Descriptions of 7 species of Phoraden- tration Process of Fusarium nygamai, a dron, 4 of Struthanthus and 1 each of Hyperparasite of Striga hermonthica. Dendrophthora and Psittacanthus.) Biological Control 7: 53-59. Rugutt, J.K., J.K. Rugutt, R.J. Irani, N.H. Sauerborn, J. and J. Kroschel. 1996. Fischer, D.K. Berner and T.D. McCar- Underrated methods of weed control, ley. 1996. GUMS evaluation of com- and their use in the agriculture of pounds in dry and conditioned Striga developing countries. In: H. Brown, G. species seeds. Journal of Agricultural W. Cussans, M. D. Devine, S. 0. Duke, and Food Chemistry 44: 3977-3982. C. Fernandez-Quintanilla, A. Helweg, RUSO,J., S. Sukno, J. Dominguez-Gimenez, R. Labrada, M. Landes, P. Kudsk and J. M. Melero-Vara and J. Fernandez- S. C. Streibeig (Eds.) Proceedings, 2nd Martinez. 1996. Screening of wild International Weed Control Congress, Helianthus species and derived lines for Copenhagen, Denmark, 1996, pp. resistance to several populations of Oro- 6 11-621. (Includes reference to Striga banche cernua. Plant Disease 80: and other parasitic weeds.) 1165-1169. (All 26 perennial spp. and

Page 20 Haustorium 32

Schaller, G., K. Urech and M. Giannattasio. and Buckinghamshire. Botanical Society 1996. Cytotoxicity of different viscotox- of the British Isles News 73: 31-32. ins and extracts from the European (Noting some association of Viscum subspecies of Viscum album L. Phytoth- album with river valleys and water, also a erapy Research 10: 473-477. with old estates.) Schmitz, U. and R. Lvsch. 1995. (Occur- Silva, A. and C.M. del Rio. 1996. Effect of rence and plant sociology of Cuscuta the mistletoe Tristerix aphyllus (Loran- species in the riverside vegetation of the thaceae) on the reproduction of its cac- lower Rhine area.) (in German) Tuexe- tus host Echinopsis chilensis. Oikos 75: nia No 15, pp. 373-385. (Cuscuta lupu- 437-442. (The mistletoe is considered a l$ormis and C. europaea common, C. phloem-tapping parasite with little pho- gronovii rare.) tosynthetic capacity, hence more damag- Schnell, H., M. Kunisch, M.C. Saxena and ing to host than most mistletoes.) J. Sauerborn. 1996. Simulation of the Smith, M. C. and M. Webb. 1996. Estima- seed bank dynamics of Orobanche cre- tion of the seedbank of Striga spp. nata Forsk. in some crop rotations com- (Scrophulariaceae) in Malian fields and mon in Northern Syria. Experimental the implications for a model of biocon- Agriculture 32: 395-403. (Results sug- trol of Striga hermonthica. Weed gest growing a susceptible crop every Research 36: 85-92. (New data suggest third year leads to high infestation, that Smicronyx spp. could be somewhat while growing it only every 12 years more effective than was concluded in and replacing otherwise with Vicia villo- the earlier paper by Smith et al., 1993) sa ssp. dasycarpa allows only low infes- Smith, C.E., T. Rutledge, Zeng ZhaoXian, tation.) R.C. O’Malley and D.G. Lynn. 1996 A Seel, W.E. and M.C. Press. 1996. Effects of mechanism for inducing plant develop- repeated parasitism by Rhinanthus ment: the genesis of a specific inhibitor. minor on the growth and photosynthesis Proceedings of the National Academy of of a perennial grass, Poa alpina. New Sciences of the United States of America Phytologist 134: 495-502. (Poa alpina 93: 6986-6991. (Cyclopropyl-p- infested in first season suffered at least benzoquinone is shown to be a specific 50% loss of biomass: effects of re- inhibitor of haustorial development.) infestation in a second year, or infesta- Smith, I.M. andA.S. Roy. 1996. Illustra- tion delayed to the second year also tions of Quarantine Pests for Europe. studied. Few direct effects on photo- OEEP/EPPO/CABI, 241 pp. (This com- synthesis or root:shoot ratio.) panion volume to ’Quarantine Pests for Serafini, M., A. di Fabbio, S. Foddai, M. Europe’ published in 1992, includes Bollero and F. Poli 1995. The occur- illustrations of Arceuthobium douglasii rence of phenylpropanoid glycosides in and A. vaginatum ssp. cryptopodium. Italian Orobanche spp. Biochemical Sys- All non-European species of Arceuthobi- tematics and Ecology 23: 855-858. urn are prohibited, the only genus of Shan-Ting Chiu. 1996. Notes on the genus weeds affected by European regula- Taxillus Van Tieghem (Loranthaceae) in tions.) Taiwan. Taiwania 41: 154-167. (Dis- Snyder, M. A., B. Fineschi, Y. B. Linhart cussing relationship of the genus Taxil- and R. H. Smith. 1996. Multivariate lus to Scurrula and Loranthus and discriminator of host use by dwarf mist- recording 10 species of Taxillus includ- letoe Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. ing one new species, one newly recorded cryptopodum: inter- and intra-specific and several previously included in Scur- comparisons. Journal of Chemical Ecolo- rula.) gy 22: 295-305. (Parasitism on the pri- Shivamurthy, G.R. 1996. The floral biology mary host, Pinus ponderosa and the and pollination in Balanophora fungo- occasional host P. contorta is to some sa. Journal Swamy Botany 13: 19-22. degree correlated with chemical charac- Showler, A. 1996. Mistletoe in Berkshire

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teristics of oleoresins in the host Takeuchi, Y., K. Yoenyama, M. Ogasawara, phloem.) Y. Omigami, M. Konnai, T. Takematsu Sproule, A. 1996. Impact of dwarf mistletoe and A.D. Worsham. 1995. Effect of on some aspects of the reproductive brassinosteroids on seed germination of biology of jack pine. Forestry Chronicle weeds. Proceedings, 15th Asian-Pacific 4 7 2: 303-306. (Arceuthobium america- Weed Science Society, Tsukuba, Japan, num shown to reduce seed production of 1995. pp. 781 -786. (Brassinosteroids Pinus banksiana by up to 76%.) reduced time needed for conditioning, Sproule, A. 1996. Branch age in jack pine and increased germination of Orobanche at the time of dwarf mistletoe infection. minor; and increased germination of Forestry Chronicle 72: 307. (Studies of Aeginetia indica, a parasite of upland Arceuthobium americanum on Pinus rice in Japan.) banksiana.) Taylor, A., J. Martin and W. E. Seel. 1996. Stewart, H. M., S. C. Stewart and J. M. Physiology of the parasitic association Canne-HUiker. 1996. Mixed mating between maize and witchweed (Striga system in Agalinis neoscotica (Scrophu- hermonthica): is ABA involved? Journal lariaceae) with bud pollination and of Experimental Botany 47: 1057-1065. delayed pollen germination. Internation- (Infection by S. hermonthica caused al Journal of Plant Science 157: drastic reduction in stomata1 conduc- 501-508. tance but increases in ABA in 3 maize Stockey, R.A., H. KO and P. Woltz. 1995. varieties were inconsistent .) Cuticle micromorphology of Parasitaxus Taylor, J. E. 1995. Western larch dwarf de Laubenfels (Podocarpaceae). Interna- mistletoe and ecosystem management. tional Journal of Plant Science 156: In: Ecology and Management of Larix 723-730. (Cuticle of P. ustus is com- Forests: a look ahead. Proceedings of an pared with that of Falcatifolium tax- International Symposium, Whitefish, oides, the host, and that of other gen- Montana, 1992. USDA Forest Service era, all in Podocarpaceae.) General Technical Report - Intermoun- Stoffel, B., J. Beuth and G. Pulverer. 1996. tain Research Station No Effect of immunomodulation with INT-GTR-319. pp. 310-313. (Com- 4 galactoside-specific mistletoe lectin on menting that, in the context of ecosys- experimental listeriosis. Zentralblatt fur tem management, larch dwarf mistletoe Bacteriologie 284: 439-442. should be valued as an individual biolo- Striga Newsletters Number 6 (March 1996) gical species and recognized as a func- and Number 7 (September 1996). tional component of western larch forest FAO/PASCON. (Two further issues of ecosystems.) this valuable newsletter, with an abun- Tennakoon, K. U. and J. S. Pate. 1996. dance of news items on the latest activi- Effects of parasitism by a mistletoe on ties of research groups around Africa the structure and function of branches and elsewhere and extended summaries of its host. Plant, Cell and Environment of selected literature items.) 19: 517-528. (Studying the mineral and Suwa, H., Y. Suzuki, Zhang YunHui, N. water relations between Amyema preis- Murofushi and Y. Takeuchi. 1995. sii and Acacia acuminata-as the distal Endogenous gibberellins in Aeginetia parts of the host branch atrophy and the indica, a parasitic plant, and its host, proximal parts are enhanced in thick- Miscanthus sinensis. Bioscience, Bio- ness.) technology and Biochemistry 59: Tennakoon, K. U. and J. S. Pate. 1996. 1712-1715. Heterotrophic gain of carbon from hosts Tada, Y., M. Sugai and K. Furuhashi. 1996. by the xylem-tapping root hemiparasite Haustoria of Cuscuta japonica, a holo- Olax phyllanthi (Olacaceae). Oecologia parasitic flowering plant, are induced by 105: 369-376. (Results varied depend- the cooperative effects of far-red light ing on the hosts involved- Portulaca and tactile stimuli. Plant and Cell Phys- oleracea, Amaranthus caudatus and iology 37: 1049-1053.

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Acacia littorea; parasite growth greatest 2 11-2 2 1. (Valuable basic information on the N-fixing Acacia.) and means of distinguishing these two Teryokhin, E. S. 1996. Weed Broomrapes. species, almost equally frequent in the Systematics, Ontogenesis, Biology, Evo- study area of Burkina Faso.) lution. Afsteig-Verlag, Beyreuth Germa- Tuquet, C. and G. Salle. 1996. Characteris- ny* tics of chloroplasts isolated from two Thankamma, L. and J. G. Maratukalam. mistletoes originating in temperate (Vis- 1995. Dodder (Cuscuta campestris cum album) and tropical (Tapinanthus Yuncker) infestation in rubber planta- dodonei$olius) areas. Plant Physiology tions. Rubber Board Bulletin 27(2): and Biochemistry 34: 283-292. 15-18. (The ground cover Pueraria Uhlich, H., J. Push, K. Barthel. 1996. Die phaseoloides was extensively, and the Sommerwurzarten Europas. Gattung rubber and Mucuna bracteata, sporadi- Orobanche. Westarp Wissenschaften, cally infested.) Magdeburgh, Germany Thijssen, R. 1995. Weeds and trees. ILEIA U.S. National Research Council. 1996. Lost Newsletter 1l(3): 20-2 1. (Noting sup- Crops of Africa. Volume 1. Grains. pression of Striga in maize in Kenya by National Academy Press, Washington use of the leguminous shrub Calliandra D.C., 383 pp. (Including a very poor calothyrsus as a green manure.) section on Striga in sorghum.) Thomson, A. J. and G.A. Sickle. 1996. For- Vannini, A,, D. Cecca, L. Monaci and N. est insect and disease diagnosis and man- Anslemi. 1995. Main tree pathogens of agement using expert system-guided western Himalayan forests in Nepal: hypermedia. A.I. Applications lO(2): description and risk of introduction. 23-32. (Systems for pest and disease Bulletin Oepp/Eppo Bulletin 25: problems, including dwarf mistletoes in 455-46 1. (Arceuthobium minutissimum Canada.) listed as occurring on Pinus wallichiana Thuring, J.W.J.F., N.W.J.T. Heinsman, and risk of introduction to Europe not- W.A.W.M. Jacobs, G.H.L. Nefkens and ed.) B. Zwanenburg. 1997. Asymmetric Veenendaal, E.M., I.K. Abebrese, M.F. synthesis of all stereoisomers of deme- Walsh and M.D. Swaine. 1996. Root thylsorgolactone. Dependence of the parasitism in a West African rainforest stimulatory activity of Striga hermonthi- tree Okoubaka aubrevillei (Santalaceae). ca and Orobanche crenata seed germi- New Phytologist 134: 487-493. (Effects nation on the absolute configuration. recorded on a range of host trees: Ptery- Journal of Food and Agricultural Chem- gota macrocarpa and Pericopsis elata istry 45: 507-513.. most seriously affected.) Tidwell, T. E. 1996. Index of phanerogamic Vogler, R.K., G. Ejeta and L.G. Butler. parasites of California. Parts I and 11. 1995. Integrating biotechnological California Plant Pest and Disease approaches for the control of Striga. Report lS(1-2): 23-64 and 15(3-4): In: Environmental Impact and Biosafety: 97-139. (This unique compendium of Issues of Genetically Engineered Sorg- all the parasites in the large and diverse hum. Nairobi, 1995 (Ed. by R. Freder- state of California could be a model for iksen, S. Shantharam and K.V. J. other states. All the parasites are listed Raman). African Crop Science Journal but there is also what appears to be an 3(2): 217-222. exhaustive list of hosts based on infor- Vogler, R.K., G. Ejeta and L.G. Butler. mation from herbaria, literature and 1996. Inheritance of low production of quarantine intercepts the latter seldom Striga germination stimulant in sorg- being documented). hum. Crop Science 36: 1185-1191. Traore, D., C. Vincent and R.K. Stewart. (Concluding that low stimulant produc- 1996. Life history of Smicronyx gui- tion in SRN-39 is associated with a sin- neanus and Sm. umbrinus (Col: Cucur- gle recessive gene, largely additive in lionidae) on Striga hermonthica (Scro- action.) phulariaceae). Entomophaga 40: Page 23 ,i I, Haustorium 32

Wang Changzeng and Jia Zhongjian. 1997. emergence; linuron, diuron, glyphosate Lignan, phenylpropanoid and iridoid and alachlor also tested.) glycosides from Pedicularis torta. Phy- Yan, Z. and N. Reid. 1995. Mistletoe tochemistry 45: 159-166. (Amyema miquelii and A. pendulum) Webb, M. and M. C. Smith. 1996. Biology seedling establishment on eucalypt hosts I of Striga hermonthica (Scrophularia- in eastern Australia. Journal of Applied ceae) in Sahelian Mali: effects on pearl Ecology 32: 778-784. (Germination millet yield and prospects of control. high regardless of host; 5 month surviv- Weed Research 36: 203-211. al on dead branches; maximum 60% Westwood, J. H. and C. L. Foy. 1995. establishment; much predation by rosel- Effect of sulfonylurea herbicides on la parrot; desiccation in summer an Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyp- import ant mortality factor .) tiaca) seed germination and develop- Yilmaz, H. A. and S. H. Emiroglu. 1995. ment. Proceedings Southern Weed Sci- [Broomrape resistance, yield, yield com- ence Society 48: 265. ponents and some chemical characteris- Westwood, J. H. and C. L. Foy. 1996. tics in breeding sunflower (Helianthus Using PCWRAPD fingerprinting to annuus L.)] (in Turkish) Turkish Jour- characterise infestations of small broom- nal of Agriculture and Forestry 19: rape (Orobanche minor) in the US. Pro- 397-406. ceedings. Southern Weed Science Society Yohe, J. 1995. INSTORMIL-1995 Annual 49: 156 Report. 171 pages. Wiens, D., D.L. Nickrent, C.G. Shaw 111, Yohe, J., J. Frederick and D. Stoner. 1996. F.G. Hawksworth, P.E. Hennon and INSTORMIL-1996 Annual Report. 179 E.J. King. 1996. Embryonic and host- pages. (Some reference to Striga associated skewed adult sex ratios in research in each report.) dwarf mistletoe. Heredity 77(1): 55-63. Yong, J. W. H. and C. S. Hew. 1995. A (In Arceuthobium tsugense ssp. tsugense report of mistletoes on pigeon orchids in embryonic ratio was 1:1, but adult pop- Singapore. Lindleyana 10: 131-132. ulations on Tsuga heterophylla were (Dendrophthoe pentandra on Dendrobi- female-skewed. On secondary host Abies um crumenatum.) 4 procera embryonic and adult ratios both Yoon TaekJoon, Yo0 YungChoon, Hong 1: 1, while on Pinus contorta adult ratio EunKyung, Cho YoungHo, Lee SukWon, male-biased.) I Azuma, Yo0 BoIm and Kim JongBae. Wu, A.M., Song ShuhChyung, Hwang PeiYi, 1994. (Effect of Korean mistletoe J.H. Wu and U. Pfuller. 1995. Interac- extracts on the induction of IL-1 and tion of mistletoe toxic lectin-1 with TNF-a from mouse macrophages.) (In sialog-lycoproteins. Biochemical and Korean) Korean Journal of Pharmacog- Biophysical Research Communications nosy 25: 132-139. 214~396-402. Yoon TaekJoon, Yo0 YungChoon, Choi Wyckoff, P.H. and S.L. Webb. 1996. OkByung, Do MyoungSool, Kng Tae- Understory influence of the invasive Bong, Lee SukWon, I. Azuma and Kim Norway (Acer platanoides). Bul- JongBae. 1995. Inhibitory effect of letin of the Torrey Botanical Club 123: Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. 197-205. (EpiJagus virginiana less coloratum) extract on tumour angiog- abundant under A. platanoides than enesis and metastasis of haematogenous under either Fagus grandifolia or Acer and non-haematogenius tumour cells in saccharum.) mice. Cancer Letters 97(1): 83-91. Xi Qian. 1996. (Studies of the biological Zaitoun, F. M. F., M. E. Saleh and S. J. ter characteristics and control of Cuscuta Borg. 1996. Effect of some trace ele- chinensis in soyabean fields in the recla- ments on germination and seedling mation area of north Jiangsu.) (in Chi- development of Orobanche. In: H. nese) Soybean Science 15(1): 62-68. Brown, G. W. Cussans, M. D. Devine, S. (Good control from dibutalin pre- 0. Duke, C. Fernandez-Quintadla, A.

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Helweg, R. Labrada, M. Landes, P. dente, A. Cutignano, J. Sauerborn and Kudsk and S. C. Streibeig (Eds.) Pro- H. Thomas. 1996. Phytotoxic metabo- ceedings, 2nd International Weed Con- lites produced by Fusarium nyugumai trol Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark, from Striga hermonthica. In: V.C. Mor- 1996, pp. 735-742. (Some indication of an and J.H.J. Hoffman (Eds), Proceed- toxic effects of copper on 0. crenata, 0. ings, 9th International Symposium on aegyptiaca and 0. oxyloba.) Biological Control of Weeds, Stellen- Zerman, N. and A.R. Saghir. 1995. (The bosch, 1996. pp. 223-226. (Main phy- genus Cuscuta in Algeria.) (In Arabic) totoxins, fusaric and 9,lO- dehydrofu- Arab Journal of Plant Protection 13(2): saric acids, reduced germination at 10-6 69-75. (12 species reported, including M.) C. campestris, now widespread.) ZOMO, M.C., M. Vurro, R. Capasso, A. Evi-

...... HAUSTORIUM is edited by L. J. Musselman, Parasitic Plant laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0266USA, E-mail: [email protected], fax 757 683 5283 and C. Parker, C/O, Long Ashton Research Sta- tion, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS18 9AF , ENGLAND, E-mail [email protected], fax (44) 1275 394007. It is usually published twice yearly by Old Dominion University. Subscriptions are free of charge. A grant from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations supports HAUSTORIUM. Unsigned articles and literature reviews are by the editors. Send material for publication to either editor. Complete sets of HAUSTORIUM are available for US$30 postpaid. Make checks payable to Lytton J Musselman and drawn on an American bank. HAUSTORIUM is also available electronically, send an E-mail request...... to either E-mail address above.

Haustorium 31 was mailed 9 December 1995