DOCSLIB.ORG

The Influence of Land Management Practices on the Abundance and Diversity of Fall-Blooming Asteraceae and Their Pollinators

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Influence of Land Management Practices on the Abundance and Diversity of Fall-Blooming Asteraceae and Their Pollinators THE INFLUENCE OF LAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF FALL-BLOOMING ASTERACEAE AND THEIR POLLINATORS Julie Jung Professor Joan Edwards, Advisor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Biology WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, MA May 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................5 II. Abstract..........................................................................................................................6 III. Introduction.................................................................................................................7 A. Study Overview...................................................................................................7 B. A Global Pollinator Crisis ..................................................................................8 a. Main Drivers of Pollinator Decline.......................................................11 i. Pathogen Spillover....................................................................11 ii. Parasites.....................................................................................12 iii. Pesticides...................................................................................13 iv. Anthropogenic Land Use Change……………………..……...14 1. Habitat Loss and Pollination Limitation….………..…15 2. Cascades of Decline…………………...……………...15 b. Habitat Loss in New England................................................................16 c. Conservation Policy..............................................................................18 d. Study Objective & Hypothesis..............................................................20 C. Study Organisms...............................................................................................23 a. Plants.....................................................................................................23 i. The Family Asteraceae............................................................. 23 ii. The Genera Solidago and Euthamia......................................... 24 b. Pollinators..............................................................................................27 i. Case Study: Natural History of Apis mellifera………………..27 1. Life Cycle..................................................................... 28 2. Anatomy....................................................................... 30 3. Pollination.................................................................... 32 ii. Case Study: Natural History of Bombus sp...............................33 1. Life Cycle......................................................................34 2. Anatomy........................................................................36 3. Pollination.....................................................................37 IV. Methods......................................................................................................................39 A. Study Site….....................................................................................................39 B. Site History......................................................................................................39 C. Treatments & Experimental Procedure............................................................41 D. Spatial Distribution Study................................................................................43 E. Pollinator Activity Study.................................................................................45 2 V. Results..........................................................................................................................48 A. Flowering Stems...............................................................................................48 a. Abundance by Treatment.......................................................................48 b. Spatial Distribution Maps of Each Plot.................................................52 c. Patch Size...............................................................................................57 d. Height of Tallest Plant in Each Quadrat................................................62 e. Floral Diversity, Richness, and Evenness..............................................63 f. Rank Abundance Analysis/Dominance Diversity Curve.......................67 B. Pollinator Visitors.............................................................................................68 a. Abundance by Treatment.......................................................................68 b. Pollinator Diversity, Richness, and Evenness........................................69 c. Rank Abundance Analysis/Dominance Diversity Curve.......................73 d. Rarefaction Curve..................................................................................75 VI. Discussion...................................................................................................................76 A. Flowering Stems...............................................................................................76 B. Pollinator Visitors.............................................................................................80 VII. Conclusion................................................................................................................81 VIII. References...............................................................................................................82 IX. Appendices.................................................................................................................86 Appendix 1: Spatial Distribution Maps (16 + 4 grouped).....................................86 Appendix 2: Pollinator Key...................................................................................95 Part A: Family Apidae (6)..........................................................................95 Part B: Family Halictidae (2)...................................................................100 Part C: Family Vespidae (3) ...................................................................101 Part D: Unknown Wasps (3) ...................................................................104 Part E: Family Syrphidae (8) ..................................................................107 Part F: Family Tachnidae (1) ..................................................................111 Part G: Family Hesperiidae (1) ...............................................................112 Part H: Family Pieridae (1) .....................................................................113 Part I: Family Membracidae (1) ..............................................................114 Part J: Family Tettifoniidae (1) ...............................................................115 Part K: Family Choccinelldae (1) ...........................................................116 Part L: Unknown Beetles (3) ..................................................................116 Part M: Family Formicidae (1) ...............................................................118 Part N: Unknown Spider (1) ...................................................................118 Part O: Unknowns (15) ...........................................................................119 3 Appendix 3: R Scripts..........................................................................................126 Part A: FloweringStemsbyTreatment.R...................................................126 Part B: SpatialDistribAllPlots.R .............................................................136 Part C: Clumping.R .................................................................................141 Part D: Height.R.......................................................................................152 Part E: floweringstemdiversity.R (includes rarefaction plot)..................156 Part F: RankAbundanceStems.R..............................................................168 Part G: PollinatorVisitors.R.....................................................................174 Part H: pollinatordiversity.R (includes rarefaction plot) ........................184 Part I: RankAbundanceVisitors.R............................................................202 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A million thanks to Professor Joan Edwards for selflessly sharing her love of Ecological systems. Every hour of her counseling and company in the field made me positive I want to make a career out of being a buglady. Her teachings at times made the top of my head tingle and her endless enthusiasm and overflowing knowledge about pollinator plant dynamics constantly kept me curious. Her warmth and wisdom are truly inspiring. Moreover, she understood my sorrow when I discovered that when bumble bees buzz in petri dishes it sounds like they’re yelling for help and when butterflies are euthanized their struggle makes their scales shed slowly. This section couldn’t be complete without a word about Professor David Smith. Even when I would stop by without notice outside of his normal office hours (when he was technically on sabbatical) desperately seeking R-help, he would happily help me write and understand my code. I thank him for countlessly going above and beyond his call of duty. I thank Drew Jones and his Hopkins Memorial Forest Fall 2014 crew for laying out 2704 flags at the weather station field site in preparation for collecting spatial distribution data. I also appreciate
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Conservation Management and Ecology of Northeastern North
    THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY OF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICAN BUMBLE BEES AMANDA LICZNER A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO September 2020 © Amanda Liczner, 2020 ii Abstract Bumble bees (Bombus spp.; Apidae) are among the pollinators most in decline globally with a main cause being habitat loss. Habitat requirements for bumble bees are poorly understood presenting a research gap. The purpose of my dissertation is to characterize the habitat of bumble bees at different spatial scales using: a systematic literature review of bumble bee nesting and overwintering habitat globally (Chapter 1); surveys of local and landcover variables for two at-risk bumble bee species (Bombus terricola, and B. pensylvanicus) in southern Ontario (Chapter 2); identification of conservation priority areas for bumble bee species in Canada (Chapter 3); and an analysis of the methodology for locating bumble bee nests using detection dogs (Chapter 4). The main findings were current literature on bumble bee nesting and overwintering habitat is limited and biased towards the United Kingdom and agricultural habitats (Ch.1). Bumble bees overwinter underground, often on shaded banks or near trees. Nests were mostly underground and found in many landscapes (Ch.1). B. terricola and B. pensylvanicus have distinct habitat characteristics (Ch.2). Landscape predictors explained more variation in the species data than local or floral resources (Ch.2). Among local variables, floral resources were consistently important throughout the season (Ch.2). Most bumble bee conservation priority areas are in western Canada, southern Ontario, southern Quebec and across the Maritimes and are most often located within woody savannas (Ch.3).
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Bumble Bee Diversity, Distribution, and Status for the Michigan Wildlife Action Plan
    Assessing Bumble Bee Diversity, Distribution, and Status for the Michigan Wildlife Action Plan Prepared By: Logan M. Rowe, David L. Cuthrell, and Helen D. Enander Michigan Natural Features Inventory Michigan State University Extension P.O. Box 13036 Lansing, MI 48901 Prepared For: Michigan Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division 12/17/2019 MNFI Report No. 2019-33 Suggested Citation: Rowe, L. M., D. L. Cuthrell., H. D. Enander. 2019. Assessing Bumble Bee Diversity, Distribution, and Status for the Michigan Wildlife Action Plan. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Report Number 2019- 33, Lansing, USA. Copyright 2019 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. MSU Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status or family status. Cover: Bombus terricola taken by D. L. Cuthrell Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ iii Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Museum Searches ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Land Uses That Support Wild Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) Communities Within an Agricultural Matrix
    Land uses that support wild bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) communities within an agricultural matrix A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Elaine Celeste Evans IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Dr. Marla Spivak December 2016 © Elaine Evans 2016 Acknowledgements Many people helped me successfully complete this project. Many years ago, my advisor, mentor, hero, and friend, Marla Spivak, saw potential in me and helped me to become an effective scientist and educator working to create a more bee-friendly world. I have benefitted immensely from her guidance and support. The Bee Lab team, both those that helped me directly in the field, and those that advised along the way through analysis and writing, have provided a dreamy workplace: Joel Gardner, Matt Smart, Renata Borba, Katie Lee, Gary Reuter, Becky Masterman, Judy Wu, Ian Lane, Morgan Carr- Markell. My committee helped guide me along the way and steer me in the right direction: Dan Cariveau (gold star for much advice on analysis), Diane Larson, Ralph Holzenthal, and Karen Oberauser. Cooperation with Chip Eullis and Jordan Neau at the USGS enabled detailed land use analysis. The bee taxonomists who helped me with bee identification were essential for the success of this project: Jason Gibbs, John Ascher, Sam Droege, Mike Arduser, and Karen Wright. My friends and family eased my burden with their enthusiasm for me to follow my passion and their understanding of my monomania. My husband Paul Metzger and my son August supported me in uncountable ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Dawson, Erika 071114.Pdf (6.565Mb)
    SOCIAL INFORMATION USE IN SOCIAL INSECTS Erika H. Dawson Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen Mary University of London June 2014 1 Statement of Originality I, Erika H. Dawson, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Date: June 2014 2 Details of collaboration and publications: Chapter 2: The experimental protocol was designed by Dr Elli Leadbeater, Dr Aurore Avargues-Weber and me. Data was also collected by the aforementioned, with assistance from Charlotte Lockwood and Adam Devenish. Chapter 4: I designed the experiment with help from Dr Johannes Spaethe at the University of Wurzburg. I conducted experiments with field assistance from Lowri Watkins.
    [Show full text]
  • And Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera)
    RNA viruses in Australian bees Elisabeth Fung M.Ag.Sc, The University of Adelaide Thesis submitted to The University of Adelaide for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Plant Protection School of Agriculture, Food & Wine Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide March 2017 This thesis is dedicated to my father Wing Kock, Who had the most beautiful soul and hearth….The greatest man I ever knew. He gave me the best he could and encourage me to dream big, set goals and work to achieve them. He is responsible for the person I am. Although he is not here to celebrate with me, I know he is always by my side looking after me with his unique smile J I MISS HIM everyday..!! I LOVE HIM Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... i Declaration .............................................................................................................................. iii Statement of Authorship .......................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... xiii Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................xv Chapter 1 .................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • OTHER BEES and WASPS Advanced Level Training Texas Master Beekeeper Program
    OTHER BEES AND WASPS Advanced Level Training Texas Master Beekeeper Program Introduction • As a beekeeper, you are often treated as the expert on all things with wings or stings. • The knowledge gained from this presentation should help you to confidently field questions from the general public, identify a few of the common bees and wasps of Texas and discuss their biology and importance as beneficial insects or as pests. Bees and Wasps Bees Wasps • More body hair • Very little hair • Flattened hindlegs, usually • Rounded legs containing a pollen basket • Are predators of other insects, or will • Feed on pollen and nectar scavenge food scraps, carrion, etc. • Generally can only sting once • Can (and will) sting repeatedly • Includes hornets and yellowjackets 1 Yellowjackets and Hornets • General biology • Colonies founded in spring by a single‐mated, overwintered queen • Constructs the paper brood cells • Forage for food • Lay eggs • Feed her progeny • Defend the nest Yellowjackets and Hornets • When the first offspring emerge they assume all tasks except egg laying. • Workers progressively feed larvae • Masticated adult and immature insects • Other arthropods • Fresh carrion • Working habits apparently are not associated with age as they are with honey bees. Yellowjackets and Hornets in Texas • Eastern yellowjacket • Vespula maculifrons Buysson • Southern yellowjacket • Vespula squamosa Drury • Baldfaced hornet • Dolichovespula maculata Linnaeus 2 Yellowjackets and Hornets in Texas • Eastern yellowjacket (Vespula maculifrons) • Family: Vespidae • Mostly subterranean nests, but aerial nests do occur. • Largest recorded nest: • 8 levels of comb with over 2800 wasps present (Haviland, 1962) Yellowjackets and Hornets in Texas • Southern yellowjacket (Vespula squamosa) • Family: Vespidae • Construct both terrestrial and aerial nests.
    [Show full text]
  • Niche Overlap and Diet Breadth in Bumblebees; Are Rare Species More Specialized in Their Choice of Flowers?
    Niche overlap and diet breadth in bumblebees; are rare species more specialized in their choice of flowers? Article (Published Version) Goulson, Dave and Darvill, Ben (2004) Niche overlap and diet breadth in bumblebees; are rare species more specialized in their choice of flowers? Apidologie, 35 (1). pp. 55-63. ISSN 0044- 8435 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51244/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Apidologie
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Habitat Effects on Pollinator Guild Composition in New York State and the Importance of Community Science Involvem
    SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Dissertations and Theses Fall 11-18-2019 Understanding Habitat Effects on Pollinator Guild Composition in New York State and the Importance of Community Science Involvement in Understanding Species Distributions Abigail Jago [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds Part of the Environmental Monitoring Commons, and the Forest Biology Commons Recommended Citation Jago, Abigail, "Understanding Habitat Effects on Pollinator Guild Composition in New York State and the Importance of Community Science Involvement in Understanding Species Distributions" (2019). Dissertations and Theses. 117. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds/117 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. UNDERSTANDING HABITAT EFFECTS ON POLLINATOR GUILD COMPOSITION IN NEW YORK STATE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY SCIENCE INVOLVEMENT IN UNDERSTANDING SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS By Abigail Joy Jago A thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, New York November 2019 Department of Environmental and Forest Biology Approved by: Melissa Fierke, Major Professor/ Department Chair Mark Teece, Chair, Examining Committee S. Scott Shannon, Dean, The Graduate School In loving memory of my Dad Acknowledgements I have many people to thank for their help throughout graduate school. First, I would like to thank my major professor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of Montana (PDF)
    Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of Montana Authors: Amelia C. Dolan, Casey M. Delphia, Kevin M. O'Neill, and Michael A. Ivie This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Annals of the Entomological Society of America following peer review. The version of record for (see citation below) is available online at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saw064. Dolan, Amelia C., Casey M Delphia, Kevin M. O'Neill, and Michael A. Ivie. "Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of Montana." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 110, no. 2 (September 2017): 129-144. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/saw064. Made available through Montana State University’s ScholarWorks scholarworks.montana.edu Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of Montana Amelia C. Dolan,1 Casey M. Delphia,1,2,3 Kevin M. O’Neill,1,2 and Michael A. Ivie1,4 1Montana Entomology Collection, Montana State University, Marsh Labs, Room 50, 1911 West Lincoln St., Bozeman, MT 59717 ([email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]), 2Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, 3Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, and 4Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Allen Szalanski Received 10 May 2016; Editorial decision 12 August 2016 Abstract Montana supports a diverse assemblage of bumble bees (Bombus Latreille) due to its size, landscape diversity, and location at the junction of known geographic ranges of North American species. We compiled the first in- ventory of Bombus species in Montana, using records from 25 natural history collections and labs engaged in bee research, collected over the past 125 years, as well as specimens collected specifically for this project dur- ing the summer of 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Management Guide for Pollinators
    PENNSYLVANIA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM HABITAT MANAGEMENT FOR POLLINATORS Atlantis Fritillary (Speyeria atlantis) on forget-me-nots (Myosotis sp.) Tri-colored bumble bee (Bombus ternarius) on common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) 1 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Management Priorities ........................................................................................................................... 4 Inventory Habitats and Plants................................................................................................................. 4 Promote Habitat Variety to Support All Life Stages of Pollinators ......................................................... 5 Maintain Open Habitats .......................................................................................................................... 7 Control Invasive Plants ............................................................................................................................ 8 Protect Pollinator Diversity and Rare Species ........................................................................................ 9 Find Native and Local Plants ................................................................................................................. 14 Books and Other Publications ............................................................................................................... 20 Websites ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Bumble Bees of the Western United States
    Bumble Bees of the Western United States By Jonathan Koch James Strange A product of the U.S. Forest Service and the Pollinator Partnership Paul Williams with funding from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Executive Editor Larry Stritch, Ph.D., USDA Forest Service Cover: Bombus huntii foraging. Photo Leah Lewis Executive and Managing Editor Laurie Davies Adams, The Pollinator Partnership Graphic Design and Art Direction Marguerite Meyer Administration Jennifer Tsang, The Pollinator Partnership IT Production Support Elizabeth Sellers, USGS Alphabetical Quick Reference to Species B. appositus .............110 B. frigidus ..................46 B. rufocinctus ............86 B. balteatus ................22 B. griseocollis ............90 B. sitkensis ................38 B. bifarius ..................78 B. huntii ....................66 B. suckleyi ...............134 B. californicus ..........114 B. insularis ...............126 B. sylvicola .................70 B. caliginosus .............26 B. melanopygus .........62 B. ternarius ................54 B. centralis ................34 B. mixtus ...................58 B. terricola ...............106 B. crotchii ..................82 B. morrisoni ...............94 B. vagans ...................50 B. fernaldae .............130 B. nevadensis .............18 B. vandykei ................30 B. fervidus................118 B. occidentalis .........102 B. vosnesenskii ..........74 B. flavifrons ...............42 B. pensylvanicus subsp. sonorus ....122 B. franklini .................98 2 Bumble Bees of the
    [Show full text]
  • A Field Guide to Bumble Bees of the Northwest Territories
    A Field Guide to Bumble Bees of the Northwest Territories This identification guide includes all species of bumble bees known to be present in the Northwest Territories. ©Recommended 2017 Government citation: of the Northwest Territories Environment and Natural Resources. 2017. A Field Guide to Bumble Bees of the Northwest Territories. Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories. Yellowknife, NT. 64pp. An Identification Guide:Details Bumble on bumble Bees bee of North species America and diagrams of species colour ranges were crafted from the book and reproduced here, with permission from Princeton University Press. All errors remain our own. Museum specimen location data was generously shared by Leif Richardson, University of Vermont. Photos from bugguide.net were used with permission. Other photos have been donated through NWT Species Facebook group (www.facebook.com/groups/NWTSpecies) and used with permission. Thanks to Cory Sheffield for species identification. Front cover: Bomus perplexus – Fort Smith © Heidi Beilschmidt Selzler Table of Contents The Importance of Bumble Bees .............................................4 Bumble Bee Anatomy .............................................................5 The Bumble Bee Body ....................................................................5 Mimicry ..........................................................................................6 The Bumble Bee Colony ..........................................................8 Life Cycle and Stage .......................................................................9
    [Show full text]