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Theoretical Physics 2015 ANNUAL REPORT INSTItuto DE FÍSICA CORPUSCULAR 2 3 CONTENTS BIENVENIDA – BENVINGUDA – WELCOME............................................. 4 1. STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION...................................................... 9 About IFIC....................................................................................... 9 Organization, scientific departments and support units............11 Personnel (31 Dec 2015)................................................................ 17 2. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.........................................................................21 Experimental physics......................................................................21 Theoretical physics......................................................................... 40 3. PUBLICATIONS.....................................................................................55 Experimental physics......................................................................56 Theoretical physics.........................................................................70 Books .............................................................................................. 78 4. TRAINING..............................................................................................79 Teaching activities..........................................................................79 Ph.D. theses.....................................................................................79 5. CONFERENCES, SEMINARS AND COLLOQUIA...................................80 Conferences and meetings.............................................................80 IFIC Seminars...................................................................................81 IFIC Colloquia..................................................................................81 6. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER....................................................................82 7. OUTREACH............................................................................................83 8. FUNDING...............................................................................................92 4 nación de una historia fascinante en los anales de la Física que ha implicado el esfuerzo, el tra- bajo, la inteligencia y la perspicacia de un gran número de científicos de todo el mundo. El IFIC está fuertemente involucrado en la físi- ca de los neutrinos, tanto en su vertiente teórica −con un gran número de publicaciones de alto impacto en una serie de temas relacionados con los neutrinos− como en su vertiente experi- mental, en la que científicos del IFIC participan o lideran varios experimentos relacionados con dicha física. Algunos físicos experimentales del IFIC trabajan en aclarar la naturaleza del neutrino como partícula elemental (fermión de Majorana o de Dirac) a través del experimento NEXT lidera- do por científicos del IFIC y respaldado por una Advanced Grant del ERC. Esta investigación es un desafío con un gran potencial de impacto en una PROF. JUAN JOSÉ HERNÁNDEZ REY diversidad de áreas de la física. Director del IFIC Otro grupo de científicos del IFIC participan en el experimento T2K en Japón para seguir es- tudiando las oscilaciones de neutrinos, deter- minar mejor los parámetros que describen este BIENVENIDA fenómeno y estudiar la posible existencia de la violación de CP en el sector leptónico. Además, un grupo de investigación del IFIC participa en s para mí un placer saludarles de nuevo en los telescopios de neutrinos del Mediterráneo esta introducción a la Memoria Anual del ANTARES y KM3NeT. KM3NeT tendrá dos ver- EIFIC. Ha pasado volando un año más, pero siones: ARCA que utilizará los neutrinos como en su transcurso nuestro instituto no ha perdi- mensajeros cósmicos y ORCA que determinará do ni un segundo tratando de lograr los ambi- la jerarquía de masas de los neutrinos. ciosos objetivos que se ha marcado. Resumir todas nuestras actividades en 2015 Si tuviéramos que destacar un hecho de la es una tarea muy difícil. Quiero solamente des- vida del instituto durante 2015, éste sería la tacar algunos hitos de este año. El Gran Coli- concesión al IFIC de la distinción de Centro de sionador de Hadrones (LHC) volvió a funcionar Excelencia Severo Ochoa. Este premio, según las durante 2015 después de una parada técnica palabras de la convocatoria, “acredita y financia de dos años. La toma de datos ha sido muy exi- a los centros públicos de investigación en todas tosa y nuestros científicos están utilizando la las áreas que demuestran un liderazgo científi- ingente cantidad de datos suministrados por co y un impacto a nivel global, así como una co- los detectores para continuar sus estudios del laboración con su entorno social y económico”. quark top, del bosón de Higgs, la búsqueda de Estamos orgullosísimos de esta distinción, que nueva física como supersimetría, el estudio de nos permitirá promover e incrementar nuestras procesos infrecuentes en el sector de quarks actividades de investigación. pesados y otros. Un hecho importante en nuestra especiali- Los grupos de investigación que trabajan en dad en 2015 fue la concesión del premio Nobel los experimentos del LHC están ahora involu- al profesor Takaaki Kajita (de la colaboración crados en la mejora de sus detectores para el Super-Kamiokande, Universidad de Tokio, futuro LHC de alta luminosidad (HL-LHC). En Japón) y al profesor Arthur B. McDonald (de la 2015, después de cuatro años de estudios de colaboración del Sudbury Neutrino Observa- diseño, el proyecto HL-LHC ha pasado a su se- tory, Canadá), "por el descubrimiento de las os- gunda fase, en la que tendrá lugar el desarrollo cilaciones de neutrinos, que muestran que los de prototipos industriales de varios compo- neutrinos tienen masa". Este premio es la culmi- nentes del acelerador. Se requerirá un enorme 5 esfuerzo para adaptar los detectores y algunos de asimetrías leptónicas en extensiones míni- de nuestros científicos e ingenieros que traba- mas del Modelo Estándar que pueden explicar jan en los experimentos ATLAS y LHCb están las masas de los neutrinos. Un grupo de teóri- completamente dedicados a esta tarea. cos del IFIC explicó uno de los dos pentaquarks observado en el detector LHCb antes de su ob- KM3NeT desplegó durante 2015 su primera servación experimental y predijo varios estados unidad de detección completa, comenzando exóticos de quarks pesados. así la primera fase de este ambicioso telescopio de neutrinos, mientras que su experimento pre- Otro grupo de teóricos del IFIC, buscando decesor, ANTARES, está suministrando un gran modelos gravitatorios que eviten singularidades número de resultados. cosmológicas, han encontrado que ciertas con- figuraciones con simetría esférica del electro- El detector NEW, una primera etapa del vacío conducen a soluciones con un agujero de proyecto NEXT, ha sido instalado en el Labora- gusano central que remplaza a la singularidad torio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC) y su puesta que se encuentra en la Relatividad General. en funcionamiento será inminente. Éste es un paso importante hacia la realización de este de- Se ha calculado la sección eficaz efectiva de safiante experimento de desintegración beta la dispersión de pares de partones y sus autores doble sin neutrinos. han propuesto medidas de estas secciones efi- caces en regiones cinemáticas específicas a El experimento de neutrinos DUNE, antes lla- partir de las cuales se podrían obtener corre- mado LBNE, ha ganado fuerza incrementando laciones entre pares de partones, un aspecto su colaboración durante 2015 con más de 50 novedoso e interesante de la estructura tridi- nuevas instituciones participantes, entre las mensional del nucleón. que ahora está el IFIC. Se ha propuesto un método basado en la Los experimentos liderados por físicos nu- dualidad loop-tree que podría permitir llevar a cleares del IFIC y basados en la técnica de ab- cabo cálculos a orden superior de teoría de per- sorción total, desarrollada en nuestro instituto, turbaciones a NLO y más allá, que estuvieran han demostrado por primera vez que se puede libres de sustracciones colineares a bajo mo- obtener información esencial sobre la captura mento y de estado final y, por tanto, que no re- neutrónica en núcleos muy inestables a través quiriesen regularización dimensional. El méto- de la desintegración beta. Esta información es do propuesto representa un nuevo paradigma esencial para entender la formación de elemen- en cálculos teóricos para el LHC. tos químicos pesados en el Universo, produci- dos en situaciones violentas como la explosión Otros investigadores del IFIC continúan sus de una supernova o la fusión de dos estrellas de análisis pioneros de los cocientes de sabor en neutrones. los datos de IceCube. Asimismo, algunos teóri- cos del IFIC han investigado la aniquilación de Hay muchas más actividades experimentales neutralinos como candidatos a materia oscura, en nuestro instituto que están conveniente- en particular en relación con el exceso de rayos mente recogidas en esta memoria y que animo gamma procedente del centro galáctico. a los lectores a que descubran en sus páginas. Finalmente, quiero mencionar dos actividades La variedad y calidad del trabajo teórico en en las que el IFIC está haciendo un particular es- el IFIC es de tal magnitud que resumirlo en esta fuerzo durante los últimos años: la innovación pequeña introducción es tarea imposible. Men- y la transferencia de conocimiento, y la divul- cionaré algunas de las contribuciones. gación. El aumento en el número y la calidad de nuestras contribuciones en estas
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