BA, Síðasta Uppkast

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

BA, Síðasta Uppkast Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Kvikmyndafræði Harðskeytt gamalmenni Úrkynjun og endurreisn vöðvabíósins í nútímanum Ritgerð til BA-prófs í kvikmyndafræði Sindri Dan Garðarsson Kt.: 210993-3639 Leiðbeinandi: Kjartan Már Ómarsson Maí 2017 Ágrip Í þessari ritgerð er rýnt í hugtakið vöðvabíóið sem snýr að hasargreininni á níunda áratugnum og fylgst með þróun þess í gegnum árin og hver staða þess er í nútímanum. Inngangurinn hefst á því að fjallað er stuttlega um kvikmyndina The Expendables (2010, Sylvester Stallone) og viðtökur á henni sem endurspegluðu að miklu leyti viðtökur til vinsælustu kvikmynda upprunalega vöðvabíósins (First Blood (1982, Ted Kotcheff) og The Terminator (1984, James Cameron)). Ásamt því er rennt yfir upphaf ferla á helstu fulltrúum vöðvabíóisins, Sylvester Stallone og Schwarzenegger sem leika báðir í The Expendables. Í kjölfarið verður rýnt í þær samfélagslegu aðstæður sem kölluðu á slíkar myndir á níunda áratugnum og bornar saman við hugmyndafræði nýju hægri stefnunnar undir leiðsögn Bandaríkjaforsetans Ronalds Reagans. Stuðst verður við kenningar þekktra fræðimanna á borð við Laura Mulvey um stjörnukenningar og Rick Altman um greinafræði kvikmynda til að útskýra helstu breytingarnar sem hafa átt sér stað í vöðvabíóinu síðan forsetatíð Reagans lauk. Fyrsti kaflinn fer út í samanburð á stefnumálum Bandaríkjaforsetans George H. W. Bush, sem tók við af Reagan, og nýjum áherslum í hasargreininni. Stallone og Schwarzenegger víkja frá íhaldssömu og afturhaldssömu hlutverkum sínum sem mæddir stríðsmenn og ógnvekjandi stríðsvélar sem táknuðu fyrirmyndar karlmennskuna á sínum tíma en urðu síðar að óviðunandi ímynd sem samfélagið hafnaði og fordæmdi. Hér má færa rök fyrir því að vöðvabíóið og hugmyndafræði þess hafi liðið undir lok á hvíta tjaldinu. Fyrri hluti meginmálsins leitast við að útskýra endalok þess á fræðilegan hátt og einnig ræða um aðdraganda endurreisnarinnar sem átti sér stað á síðasta áratug með tilkomu myndanna Rocky Balboa (2006, Stallone) og Rambo (2008, Stallone) og náði síðan hápunkti með The Expendables. Spurningin er hvort að endurreisnin hafi verið fyrirsjáanleg og hvað einkennir hana. Síðari hluti meginmálsins fjallar um vöðvabíóið í sinni nútímalegri mynd þar sem helstu fyrirmyndir þess eru komnir á eftirlaunaaldur en eiga eitthvað óuppgert við hasargreinina og komnir aftur á fullt skrið á hvíta tjaldinu sem óstöðvandi öfl í hasargreininni. Stallone er borinn saman við Clint Eastwood, eina skærustu stjörnu vestrans, og litið er á svipaða þætti úr endurkomum þeirra í myndum síðasta áratugar og hvað skilur þá að. Fjallað er um ellina með hugmyndir um stjörnukenningar og ódauðleika stjörnuímyndarinnar. Í lokin er fjallað um Stallone og Schwarzenegger staðalímyndina um hasarhetjuna, karlmennskukvíðann sem einkennir endurreisn vöðvabíósins og framsetningu á ellinni í kvikmyndum þeirra. Efnisyfirlit Inngangur .................................................................................................................................... 1 Vöðvabíóið á fræðilegum nótum ................................................................................................ 5 Reagan og harðkroppurinn .......................................................................................................... 7 Vegið að vöðvabíóinu: harðkroppakrísan tekur við .................................................................. 13 Vöðvabíóinu haldið í skefjum ................................................................................................... 17 2006 og uppúr: vöðvabíóið kemur úr dvala .............................................................................. 20 Æskan tekin í bakaríið: The Expendables og póstmóderníska vöðvabíóið ............................... 26 Nýja vöðvabíóið: minnimáttarkennd hjá stórmönnum? ........................................................... 28 Undanlátssemi í vöðvabíóinu: 2014 og uppúr .......................................................................... 32 Niðurlag: óstöðvandi vöðvabíóið .............................................................................................. 35 Heimildaskrá ............................................................................................................................. 37 Kvikmyndaskrá ......................................................................................................................... 39 Inngangur Í The Expendables (2010, Sylvester Stallone) eru einhverjir helstu kraftakarlar og skærustu hasarhetjur sem prýtt hafa hvíta tjaldið undanfarna áratugi samankomnir til að sannfæra fólk um að ellin sé bara hugarfar og skærustu hasarstjörnur níunda áratugarins séu jafn þrotlausar og nokkurn tímann áður. Myndin skartar sívinsælum leikurum líkt og Sylvester Stallone, sem settist aftur í leikstjórastólinn eftir tilraun sína til að viðhalda einu af sínum eftirminnilegustu hlutverkum sem John Rambo úr First Blood1 myndaröðinni, í myndinni Rambo (2008), 2 Jason Statham, sem er enginn grænjaxl í hasargreininni, hefur notið sín í hlutverkum kvikmyndum breska leikstjórans Guy Ritchie3 og sem söguhetjan Chev Chelios í æsispennandi hasarmyndinni Crank (2006, Neveldine & Taylor) og í framhaldinu Crank: High Voltage (2009, Neveldine & Taylor), einnig má nefna Dolph Lundgren sem áður lék sovéska hnefaleikakappann á móti Stallone í Rocky IV (1985, Stallone). Aðrir leikarar myndarinnar hafa átt eftirtektarverðan feril utan Hollywood og jafnvel í öðrum listgreinum eða íþróttum en meðal þeirra eru Jet Li, kínverska ofurstirnið sem hefur notið vinsælda í kínversku, þverþjóðlegu bíói og meginstraumnum í kvikmyndunum Hero (2002, Zhang Yimou) og Lethal Weapon 4 (1998, Richard Donner), og síðan má nefna tvo einstaklinga úr heimi bardagaíþrótta og atvinnuglímu4 en þeir eru Randy Couture og Steve Austin. Myndin er vægast sagt skrautleg flóra af leikurum og persónum sem kenndir eru við eina tiltekna grein kvikmynda, það er að segja hasargreinina. Annað sem vert er að benda á að meðalaldurinn var langt yfir fimmtugu5(samanlagður aldur leikaranna var 850) en enginn tekur það upp í elli 1 Hér gæti lesandi rekið upp stór augu en raunin er sú að upphaflega var kvikmyndaröðin titluð First Blood en ljóst var að nafn aðalpersónunnar varð einhvernveginn að samheiti yfir kvikmyndirnar á alþjóðavísu enda sló hún rækilega í gegn. Fyrsta myndin var aðlögun á skáldsögunni First Blood, skrifuð af David Morell en hann átti engan þátt í framhaldi First Blood, þ.e.a.s. Rambo: First Blood Part II, Rambo 3 og John Rambo. Þess má geta að saga Johns Rambos í bókinni endar með dauða hans. Að henda nafninu Rambo á undan titlinum í framhaldinu var dæmigerð markaðssetning til að auka aðsóknir. Sjá heimasíðu höfundarins: http://davidmorrell.net/rambo- pages/david-morrell-on-rambo/. 2 Rambo og The Expendables voru einnig skrifaðar af Stallone ásamt öðrum reyndum höfundum (David Callaham), Stallone er samt enginn nýgræðingur á þessu sviði enda var hann einnig höfundur einnar vinsælustu kvikmyndar sinnar, Rocky (1976) og lék þar aðalhlutverkið, Rocky Balboa. 3 Fyrstu hlutverkin hans Jason eru í myndunum Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998, Guy Ritchie) og Snatch (2000, Guy Ritchie) en hann ávann sér mikilla vinsælda vegna hlutverka sinna í þeim myndum sem einnig hjálpuðu honum að gerast fastráðinn sem annaðhvort harðsnúinn skúrkur eða harðskeytt hetja með hrjóstrugan breskan hreim í myndum líkt og The One (2001, James Wong), The Transporter (2002, Louis Leterrier) og Crank (2006). 4 Hér er talað um æfðu sjónarspilin úr WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment) sem heldur utan um þá viðburði. Þess má geta að sú grein eða bransi hefur reynst mörgum vera hagnýtur vettvangur áður en haldið er út í heim kvikmynda en vöðvabúntin John Cena og Dwayne Johnson eiga rætur að rekja þar og hafa báðir átt farsælan feril í kvikmyndum og sjónvarpi. 5 Vísað er í grein af heimasíðu fréttamiðilsins The Telegraph en þar er rætt um annað framhaldið í kvikmyndaröðinni, The Expendables 3 (2014). Samanlagður aldur leikaranna var 850, hjónabönd þeirra 26 talsins og einnig er mælikvarði fyrir þeirra mat á karlmennsku sem virkar eins og hefðbundin stjörnugjöf. Sjá 1 sem ei neytti í æskunni enda höfðu margir leikarar myndarinnar ekki lagt skóna á hilluna í hasarbíóinu þrátt fyrir aldur.6 The Expendables vakti vafalaust athygli meðal áhorfenda og gagnrýnenda og ekki síst fræðimanna. Kvikmyndafræðingurinn Chris Holmlund segir eftirfarandi í bók sinni sem nær utan um ævi og feril Stallones: „Nostalgia fuels the new franchise’s success: people the world over have grown up with Stallone, watching his films in cinemas, on TV, video, DVD and online“7 en hér talar hún um vinsældir myndarinnar og væntingarnar í kringum hana sem þóttu sjálfsagðar í ljósi leikaraliðsins og stiklnanna sem leiddu að frumsýningu hennar, þar sem sprengingarnar og byssukúlurnar voru í nægu magni og hasarinn látlausi, vöðvarnir miklu og ofbeldið voru sem óaðskiljanleg fyrirbæri fyrir hasarsmell sumarsins 2010.8 Í stuttu máli fjallar The Expendables um þéttskipað og náið lið vöðvastæltra og óttalausra skæruliða sem taka að sér margvísleg, gríðarlega hættuleg og jafnvel ómöguleg verkefni um víða veröld sem fæstir aðrir leiguhermenn myndu þora. Skæruliðarnir eru fjölbreyttir og ekki alltaf samhuga en eiga það sameiginlegt að telja sig hliðholla hermenn liðsveitar hinna nafntoguðu „útskiptanlegu“ (e. expendables)9 sem er undir leiðsögn harðbrjósta og eitursvala foringjans Barneys Ross (leikinn af Sylvester Stallone). Þeir eru dæmigerð hörkutól sem munda aðeins vopn sem samsvara vöðvamikla formi þeirra10
Recommended publications
  • Rambo: Last Blood Production Notes
    RAMBO: LAST BLOOD PRODUCTION NOTES RAMBO: LAST BLOOD LIONSGATE Official Site: Rambo.movie Publicity Materials: https://www.lionsgatepublicity.com/theatrical/rambo-last-blood Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Rambo/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/RamboMovie Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/rambomovie/ Hashtag: #Rambo Genre: Action Rating: R for strong graphic violence, grisly images, drug use and language U.S. Release Date: September 20, 2019 Running Time: 89 minutes Cast: Sylvester Stallone, Paz Vega, Sergio Peris-Mencheta, Adriana Barraza, Yvette Monreal, Genie Kim aka Yenah Han, Joaquin Cosio, and Oscar Jaenada Directed by: Adrian Grunberg Screenplay by: Matthew Cirulnick & Sylvester Stallone Story by: Dan Gordon and Sylvester Stallone Based on: The Character created by David Morrell Produced by: Avi Lerner, Kevin King Templeton, Yariv Lerner, Les Weldon SYNOPSIS: Almost four decades after he drew first blood, Sylvester Stallone is back as one of the greatest action heroes of all time, John Rambo. Now, Rambo must confront his past and unearth his ruthless combat skills to exact revenge in a final mission. A deadly journey of vengeance, RAMBO: LAST BLOOD marks the last chapter of the legendary series. Lionsgate presents, in association with Balboa Productions, Dadi Film (HK) Ltd. and Millennium Media, a Millennium Media, Balboa Productions and Templeton Media production, in association with Campbell Grobman Films. FRANCHISE SYNOPSIS: Since its debut nearly four decades ago, the Rambo series starring Sylvester Stallone has become one of the most iconic action-movie franchises of all time. An ex-Green Beret haunted by memories of Vietnam, the legendary fighting machine known as Rambo has freed POWs, rescued his commanding officer from the Soviets, and liberated missionaries in Myanmar.
    [Show full text]
  • Fenton Police Go Live with New Crime-Mapping Website CRIMEMAPPING
    Sunday, August 10, 2014 Featured Section tctimes.com More to life after FEATURED SECTION: Get up-to-date SPORTS 15A Text the word FiftyWork for fun as a retiree MORE TO LIFE AFTER FIFTY area garage PG 5 Eye your nutrition GARAGESALE Frederick leaps to for best vision as you age sales sent to PG 8 Work for fun Bond between (all one word, upper case) top of our boys grandparents and grandkids benefits both your phone in PG 10 as a retiree to 810-475-2030 track team Bonus advance! Section ! PAGE 5 $1.00 PAGE 3A: Community Life | Active Living | Healthy Choices SUNDAY EDITION SCUBA DIVING... A TREAT FOR THE SENSES Weekend VOL. 21 NO. XXXII SUNDAY, AUGUST 10, 2014 2012 & 2013 NEWSPAPER OF THE YEAR tctimes.com ONLINE Fenton police go live with new crime-mapping website CRIMEMAPPING. COMMENTS Maps, alerts, reports just a click away for residents COM This Crime- By Sharon Stone other cities in Michigan that show We built the Panama Mapping. [email protected]; 810-433-6786 crimes on this website. Canal. We built an intercon- com screen ‘‘ tinental railroad. Have you ever found yourself In an effort to help reduce We build the peeking through your living room crime and further strengthen lo- shot of Hoover Dam. blinds in an attempt to find out why cal community-oriented policing Fenton City We build coast- police are at your neighbor’s home? efforts, the Fenton Police Depart- Thursday to-coast ex- If you live in Fenton City, a new ment (FPD) decided to go live at morning pressways.
    [Show full text]
  • Hollywood's Ageing Ensemble Action Hero Series
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wilfrid Laurier University Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier English and Film Studies Faculty Publications English and Film Studies 2017 Ageing in Action: Hollywood’s Ageing Ensemble Action Hero Series Philippa Gates Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/engl_faculty Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation Gates, Philippa, "Ageing in Action: Hollywood’s Ageing Ensemble Action Hero Series" (2017). English and Film Studies Faculty Publications. 13. https://scholars.wlu.ca/engl_faculty/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English and Film Studies at Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in English and Film Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ageing in Action: Hollywood’s Ageing Ensemble Action Hero Series By Philippa Gates Note: This is the English language version of a paper published in French as « Vieillir, agir: les héros d’âge mûr dans deux séries de films d’action hollywoodiens.» L’Âge des stars: des images à l’épreuve du vieillissement. Eds. Charles-Antoine Courcoux, Gwénaëlle Le Gras, Raphaëlle Moine. L’Âge d’homme, 2017. pp 130-50. Permission to reprint the paper in English is graciously given by the editors of the collection. Summary This paper explores the treatment of ageing in the ensemble action hero series RED (2010 and 2013) starring Bruce Willis and Helen Mirren and The Expendables (2010, 2012, and 2014) starring Sylvester Stallone and other 1980s action stars.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth of Haptic Cinema
    The Birth of Haptic Cinema An Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by Panhavuth Lau Jordan Stoessel Date: May 21, 2020 Advisor: Brian Moriarty IMGD Professor of Practice Abstract This project examines the history of The Tingler (1959), the first motion picture to incorporate haptic (tactile) sensations. It surveys the career of its director, William Castle, a legendary Hollywood huckster famous for his use of gimmicks to attract audiences to his low- budget horror films. Our particular focus is Percepto!, the simple but effective gimmick created for The Tingler to deliver physical “shocks” to viewers. The operation, deployment and promotion of Percepto! are explored in detail, based on recently-discovered documents provided to exhibitors by Columbia Pictures, the film’s distributor. We conclude with a proposal for a method of recreating Percepto! for contemporary audiences using Web technologies and smartphones. i Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... i Contents ........................................................................................................................................ ii 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 2. William Castle ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • November 2014 Vol
    Weeks Public Library Bulletin November 2014 Vol. 26, No. 11 Put Your Retirement Plan to Work Baby Lap Sit presented by John St. Pierre, Tuesdays Edward Jones Financial Advisor 10:30am Wednesday, November 12 Join us for stories, finger plays 6:30pm and open play Tuesday mornings Retirement can mean different things through November 25th. to different people. Maybe you want Ages 0 to 24 months. No registration needed. to travel, volunteer, start your own No class Tuesday, November 11th, Veteran’s Day. business, or go back to school. Be financially prepared for whatever you Lego Building Day decide! Join us for this informational Wednesday, November 5 session on the importance of saving 222-2---3pm3pm3pm3pm for retirement, how to save through your employer- Come and build with Lego bricks. All builds will be put sponsored plan, and other tax-advantage options for on display until the next Lego day. building your retirement savings. Snacks and drinks are allowed. All bricks will stay at the library. Classic Movie Night Captain Courageous starring Spencer Tracy © Warner Bros. Monday, November 17 6pm6pm6pm In Spencer Tracy’s Academy Award per- formance as a fisherman who saves a Family Story Time drowning boy, the boy learns life- changing lessons about the importance Thursdays of friendship and the dignity of labor in 10am this adventure saga based on a story by The last day this session is November 13. Next ses- Rudyard Kipling. Local film buff, Glenn sion begins December 4. Join us for stories, a craft, Bergeron will introduce the film. This and fun! All ages welcome, no registration required.
    [Show full text]
  • Rocky: TheStoryContinues
    FACT FILE ROCKY: THESTORYCONTINUES... Rocky II (1979): At first, Rocky doesn’t want to continue boxing. THELEGEND He wants to enjoy life with his wife, Adrian and their new baby, Robert. But the family needs money and Apollo Creed wants to fight In 1976, the Oscar for Best Picture Rocky again. Rocky agrees, and this time he wins the fight. went to a film about a young boxer. The new young star of the film also wrote the story. His name was Rocky III (1982): Rocky is enjoying Sylvester Stallone, and the film was the champion’s life, but loses to a Rocky. A legend was born! dangerous new opponent, Clubber WheredidtheideaforRockycomefrom? Lang. Then Apollo Creed becomes In 1975, Sylvester Stallone went to see a fight between Muhammad Ali Rocky’s trainer. Rocky fights Lang and Chuck Wepner. Wepner was a ‘nobody’, but he stayed in the fight a second time and becomes until the last round. He even put Ali on the floor! ‘That night, Rocky heavyweight champion again. Balboa was born,’ says Stallone. WhatisRockyabout? Rocky IV (1985): Russian fighting machine, Ivan Drago, comes Heavyweight boxing champion, Apollo Creed, is going to fight in to the USA. Apollo Creed volunteers to fight him, but dies in the Philadelphia. When his opponent breaks his hand, Creed’s team look for ring. Rocky is angry and decides to fight Drago in Russia. Far a different fighter. They decide to from home, Rocky wins the fight. fight a ‘nobody’ – Rocky Balboa. SodoesRockywinthefightwith Rocky V (1990): Rocky’s luck Creed? changes. Doctors tell him he cannot No, Apollo wins.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 7 • Movies and the Impact of Images 231 7 Movies
    SOUNDS AND IMAGES 7 Movies and the Impact of Images “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away . .” So 233 Early Technology begins the now-famous opening credit crawl of and the Evolution Star Wars. The first appearance of those words of Movies was in movie theaters on earth, but the time now 238 is rather long ago: May 25, 1977. The Rise of the Hollywood Studio System The space epic changed the culture of the movie industry. Star Wars, produced, written, and 241 The Studio System’s directed by George Lucas, departed from the per- Golden Age sonal filmmaking of the early 1970s and spawned 251 a blockbuster mentality that formed a new primary The Transformation audience for Hollywood: teenagers. It had all of the of the Studio System now-typical blockbuster characteristics, including 255 massive promotion and lucrative merchandising The Economics of the Movie Business tie-ins. Repeat attendance and positive buzz among young people made the first Star Wars the most 262 Popular Movies successful movie of its generation. and Democracy Star Wars has impacted not only the cultural side of moviemaking but also the technical form. In the first Star Wars trilogy, produced in the 1970s and 1980s, Lucas developed technologies that are now commonplace in moviemaking: digital animation, special effects, and computer-based film editing. With the second trilogy (which was a prequel to the narrative of the original Star Wars), Lucas again broke new ground in the film industry. © Lucasfilm Ltd./Everett Collection CHAPTER 7 • MOVIES AND THE IMPACT OF IMAGES 231 7 MOVIES Several scenes of Star Wars: Episode I— creativity across multiple platforms, busi- The Phantom Menace (1999) were shot on nesses, and markets to generate sustained digital video, easing integration with digital growth and drive significant long-term special effects.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Geri-Action' Film
    Narratives of cultural and professional redundancy: Ageing action stardom and the ‘geri-action’ film Glen Donnar (RMIT University) Abstract Focusing on The Expendables films, I identify the importance of discourses of professional and cultural redundancy in ‘geri-action’, an emergent subgenre of Hollywood action film that has revitalised the careers of ageing action stars such as Sylvester Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger. These redundancies, which hold long-standing significance in 1980s action film, are compounded in geri- action by advanced age and diminished physical capacity. In geri-action, the spectacle of once idealised, muscled bodies is concealed and displaced onto oversized guns, fetishised vehicles and younger action bodies. However much geri-action resists 1980s action stars’ use-by dates, it ultimately admits physical and generic exhaustion. Keywords: geri-action, Hollywood action films, ageing stars, Expendables The Rise of ‘Geri-action’ The release of a third Expendables film in 2014 extended the twilight of ageing 1980s action idols in the so-called ‘geri-action’ subgenre, that is, action films predominantly showcasing male stars ranging in age from their mid-50s into their 70s. The Expendables series (Stallone 2010; West 2012; Hughes 2014) features a motley team of elite mercenaries, led by Barney Ross (Stallone), recurrently motivated to take revenge on the all-star action villain after a local woman or beloved colleague is killed, injured or captured. The third film in the series adds such ageing action film luminaries as Mel Gibson, Wesley Snipes and Harrison Ford (replacing Bruce Willis, who left the series after a conflict with Stallone) to the already extensive aged cast led by Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Chuck Norris.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Nina's Rev Editor's Revision Heroic Aging in The
    COPAS—Current Objectives of Postgraduate American Studies 15.1 (2014) “You Ought to Stop Trying Because You Had Too Many Birthdays?”—The Making of an Aged Hero in Rocky Balboa Nina Schnieder ABSTRACT: This article deals with one of Hollywood’s most popular (sport) action heroes, Rocky Balboa, who, after thirty years of screen history, increasingly has to face the obstacles of age in the last installment of the franchise. Although cultural assumptions seem to contradict the combination of aging and sports hero, the article claims that the athletic protagonist Rocky Balboa is actually perceived as a true American action hero by the depiction of his progressed age as a motivation to once again “go the distance.” The article focuses on the aspects of work and the aging male body and it aims to show how the Rocky series has always dealt with the issue of male aging. KEYWORDS: age/aging; Rocky Balboa; boxing; work; male body Introduction When in 2006 Sylvester Stallone announced to release a sixth and presumably last Rocky movie—written and directed by himself—critics as well as countless studio bosses advised him not to do so, because at sixty they did not picture him as a “magnet for young moviegoers” (Weiner). Before the movie was released, audiences laughed at the trailers and critics ridiculed the project as a joke, as they seemed to watch, according to Philippa Gates, “a vanity play to make an aging star feel vital and relevant to a new generation,” and they named it a ridiculous attempt to live up to former successes.
    [Show full text]
  • Predicting Long-Term Box Office Performance of Movies Using Social Media and Its Comparison with Traditional Survey Methods
    IJRRAS 26 (3) ● March 2016 www.arpapress.com/Volumes/Vol26Issue3/IJRRAS_26_3_03.pdf PREDICTING LONG-TERM BOX OFFICE PERFORMANCE OF MOVIES USING SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS COMPARISON WITH TRADITIONAL SURVEY METHODS Hossien L. Najafi1 & Darryl W. Miller2 1,2University of Wisconsin River Falls, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI 54022, USA ABSTRACT Recently, social media content has gained popularity as a viable resource for gauging consumers‟ intention to buy goods and services. For example, Twitter has been used with promising results by many researchers for predicting box-office returns for motion pictures. Alternatively and for many years, purchase intention (a type of behavioral intention (BI)) has been used for predicting likely levels of demand for new products, successfully measured through traditional surveying methods. This paper investigates how use of social media compares with the traditional surveying tools. Specifically, tweets about the movie are collected during the same period as surveys regarding intention to see a movie are administered. Traditional BI measures are compared with various measures of tweeting activity to gauge how well each correlates with domestic and international performance of a movie. The results show that the two methods are very comparable. The results also demonstrate that the rate and length of tweets are good predictors of a movie‟s long-term success. Keywords: Movies, Box-office forecasting, Social media, Survey methods, Prediction, Sentiment analysis, Natural language processing 1. INTRODUCTION The motion picture industry in the United States generates over US$12bn annually. The revenue per movie, however, varies significantly from one movie to another. Given the high production and marketing costs along with the considerable variance in the success rate of movies, forecasting box-office revenue as a means to mitigate the risk has gained popularity in recent years.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download The
    $10 OFF $10 OFF WELLNESS MEMBERSHIP MICROCHIP New Clients Only All locations Must present coupon. Offers cannot be combined. Must present coupon. Offers cannot be combined. Expires 3/31/2020 Expires 3/31/2020 Free First Office Exams FREE EXAM Extended Hours Complete Physical Exam Included New Clients Only Multiple Locations Must present coupon. Offers cannot be combined. www.forevervets.com Expires 3/31/2020 4 x 2” ad Your Community Voice for 50 Years RecorPONTE VEDRA der entertainment EXTRA! Featuring TV listings, streaming information, sports schedules, puzzles and more! March 26 - April 1, 2020 has a new home at THE LINKS! ‘Broke’ 1361 S. 13th Ave., Ste. 140 – Leggero, Jacksonville Beach Natasha Leggero Ask about our Offering: SPA PORCH Perrette star stars in “Broke,” · Hydrafacials PARTIES! premiering · RF Microneedling as oil-and-water Thursday on CBS. · Body Contouring · B12 Complex / sisters in Lipolean Injections · Botox & Fillers CBS sitcom Get Skinny with it! (904) 999-0977 www.SkinnyJax.com1 x 5” ad Now is a great time to It will provide your home: Kathleen Floryan List Your Home for Sale • Complimentary coverage while REALTOR® Broker Associate the home is listed • An edge in the local market LIST IT because buyers prefer to purchase a home that a seller stands behind • Reduced post-sale liability with WITH ME! ListSecure® I will provide you a FREE America’s Preferred 904-687-5146 Home Warranty for [email protected] your home when we put www.kathleenfloryan.com it on the market. 4 x 3” ad Anyone who has followed Natasha Leggero’s career knows she likes to mine class differences for laughs, be it in her stand-up comedy or BY GEORGE DICKIE film and TV roles.
    [Show full text]
  • Rambo: Last Blood Tatort: Querschläger Wiedergeburt Einer
    SONNTAG UNSERE TIPPS FÜR SIE ZDF 10.15 Bares für Rares 12.00 ZDF- Fernsehgarten · Show · Mod.: Andrea Kiewel 14.10 Duell der Gartenprofis – Lieblingsgär- ten (3/4) 14.55 Duell der Gartenprofis 15.45 Die Rosenheim-Cops 16.30 planet e. 17.00 heute 17.10 sportstudio reportage 17.55 ZDF.reportage 18.25 Terra Xpress 19.00 heute 19.10 Berlin direkt (8/8) · Gast: Olaf Scholz (SPD-Kanzlerkandidat) 19.30 Terra X 20.15 Frühling – Sand unter den Füßen (4/4) TV-Melodram, D 2019 Mit Simonev Thomalla, Marco Girnth, Kristo Ferkic u.a. · Regie: Dirk Regel 21.45 heute-journal Tatort: Querschläger Rambo: Last Blood Wiedergeburt einer … Nine Perfect ... Moderation: Bettina Schausten 22.15 Mirage – Gefährliche Lügen TV-Krimi Auf einem Autohof Actionfilm Der Vietnamveteran Reportage … Ikone: Wie die Dramaserie ... Strangers: Nach Spionageserie, F/CDN 2020 v 23.55 ZDF-History Dokureihe, D 2021 ereignet sich ein dramatischer John Rambo (Sylvester Stallone) Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin dem großen Erfolg mit „Big Little Höher, weiter, extremer – Vorfall: Es fallen plötzlich Schüs- muss nach Mexiko reisen, um restauriert wurde: Ein Team um Lies“ verfilmte das Team um David Pioniere und Abenteurer 0.45 Mirage – Gefährliche Lügen se, ein Heckenschütze hat es Gabrielle, die Enkelin seiner Wirt- Stararchitekt David Chipperfield E. Kelley erneut ein Buch der Auto- Spionageserie (Wh. v. 22.15) v offenbar auf einen LKW-Fahrer schafterin Maria (Adriana Barra- hat die Restaurierung der Neuen rin Liane Moriarty. Nicole Kidman 2.25 Starsky und Hutch Krimiserie, abgesehen. Bei den Ermittlungen za), zu retten. Sie wurde dort ent- Nationalgalerie (Foto) in Angriff spielt Masha, die Leiterin eines USA 1975 · Alte KamerGaden stoßen Falke und Grosz (Franziska führt.
    [Show full text]